The Kleinman ratio

    The Kleinman ratio is a single number that you can use to assess the relative strength of your position. This metric has been in MacFIBS since version 1.0.

    The Kleinman ratio, K, is calculated by the formula:

    K = (p2 - p1) / (sqrt(p1 + p2))

    where p1 = your pip count and p2 = opponent's pip count.

    In plain English, K is the difference in pip count divided by the square root of the sum of the pip counts. It can be used to assess your position in races and bearing off situations.

    This metric was defined by Danny Kleinman, author of numerous books on backgammon that emphasize mathematical analysis. For more information, you can contact him at 5312 1/2 Village Green, Los Angeles, CA 90016.


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