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If you are running XEmacs under X, a menu bar on top of the Emacs frame provides access to pull-down menus of file, edit, and help-related commands. The menus provide convenient shortcuts and an easy interface for novice users. They do not provide additions to the functionality available via key commands; you can still invoke commands from the keyboard as in previous versions of Emacs.
Perform file and buffer-related operations, such as opening and closing files, saving and printing buffers, as well as exiting Emacs.
Perform standard editing operations, such as cutting, copying, pasting, and killing selected text.
Access to sub-applications implemented within XEmacs, such as the mail reader, the World Wide Web browser, the spell-checker, and the calendar program.
Control various options regarding the way XEmacs works, such as controlling which elements of the frame are visible, selecting the fonts to be used for text, specifying whether searches are case-sensitive, etc.
Present a menu of buffers for selection as well as the option to display a buffer list.
Perform various actions designed to automate software development and similar technical work, such as searching through many files, compiling a program, and comparing or merging two or three files.
There are two ways of selecting an item from a pull-down menu:
If a command in the pull-down menu is not applicable in a given situation, the command is disabled and its name appears faded. You cannot invoke items that are faded. For example, many commands on the Edit menu appear faded until you select text on which they are to operate; after you select a block of text, edit commands are enabled. @xref{Mouse Selection} for information on using the mouse to select text. @xref{Using X Selections} for related information.
There are also M-x equivalents for each menu item. To find the equivalent for any left-button menu item, do the following:
Describe Key
prompt.
Emacs displays the function associated with the menu item in a separate window, usually together with some documentation.
1.1 The File Menu | Items on the File menu. | |
1.2 The Edit Menu | Items on the Edit menu. | |
1.3 The Apps Menu | Items on the Apps menu. | |
1.4 The Options Menu | Items on the Options menu. | |
1.5 The Buffers Menu | Information about the Buffers menu. | |
1.6 The Tools Menu | Items on the Tools menu. | |
1.7 The Help Menu | Items on the Help menu. | |
1.8 Customizing XEmacs Menus | Adding and removing menu items and related operations. |
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The File menu bar item contains the items New Frame, Open File..., Save Buffer, Save Buffer As..., Revert Buffer, Print Buffer, Delete Frame, Kill Buffer and Exit Emacs on the pull-down menu. If you select a menu item, Emacs executes the equivalent command.
Prompts you for a filename and loads that file into a new buffer in a new Emacs frame, that is, a new X window running under the same Emacs process. You can remove the frame using the Delete Frame menu item. When you remove the last frame, you exit Emacs and are prompted for confirmation.
Prompts you for a filename and loads that file into a new buffer.
Open File... is equivalent to the Emacs command find-file
(C-x
C-f).
Prompts you for a filename and inserts the contents of that file into
the current buffer. The file associated with the current buffer is
not changed by this command. This is equivalent to the Emacs command
insert-file
(C-x i).
Writes and saves the current Emacs buffer as the latest
version of the current visited file. Save Buffer is equivalent to the
Emacs command save-buffer
(C-x C-s).
Writes and saves the current Emacs buffer to the filename you specify.
Save Buffer As... is equivalent to the Emacs command
write-file
(C-x C-w).
Restores the last saved version of the file to the current buffer. When
you edit a buffer containing a text file, you must save the buffer
before your changes become effective. Use Revert Buffer if you do
not want to keep the changes you have made in the buffer. Revert
Buffer is equivalent to the Emacs command revert-file
(M-x
revert-buffer).
Kills the current buffer, prompting you first if there are unsaved
changes. This is roughly equivalent to the Emacs command
kill-buffer
(C-x k), except that kill-buffer
prompts for the name of a buffer to kill.
Prints a hardcopy of the current buffer. Equivalent
to the Emacs command print-buffer
(M-x print-buffer).
Creates a new Emacs frame displaying the *scratch*
buffer. This
is like the Open File, New Frame... menu item, except that it does
not prompt for or load a file.
Allows you to close all but one of the frames created by New Frame. If you created several Emacs frames belonging to the same Emacs process, you can close all but one of them. When you attempt to close the last frame, Emacs informs you that you are attempting to delete the last frame. You have to choose Exit Emacs for that.
Divides the current window on the current frame into two equal-sized
windows, both displaying the same buffer. Equivalent to the Emacs
command split-window-vertically
(C-x 2).
If the frame is divided into multiple windows, this removes all windows
other than the selected one. Equivalent to the Emacs command
delete-other-windows
(C-x 1).
If the frame is divided into multiple windows, this removes the
selected window from the frame, giving the space back to one of the
other windows. Equivalent to the Emacs command delete-window
(C-x 0).
Shuts down (kills) the Emacs process. Equivalent to the Emacs command
save-buffers-kill-emacs
(C-x C-c). Before killing the
Emacs process, the system asks which unsaved buffers to save by going through
the list of all buffers in that Emacs process.
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The Edit pull-down menu contains the Undo, Cut, Copy, Paste, and Clear menu items. When you select a menu item, Emacs executes the equivalent command. Most commands on the Edit menu work on a block of text, the X selection. They appear faded until you select a block of text (activate a region) with the mouse. @xref{Using X Selections}, @pxref{Killing}, and @pxref{Yanking} for more information.
Undoes the previous command. Undo is equivalent to
the Emacs command undo
(C-x u).
Removes the selected text block from the current buffer, makes it the X clipboard selection, and places it in the kill ring. Before executing this command, you have to select a region using Emacs region selection commands or with the mouse.
Makes a selected text block the X clipboard selection, and places it in the kill ring. You can select text using one of the Emacs region selection commands or by selecting a text region with the mouse.
Inserts the current value of the X clipboard selection in the current
buffer. Note that this is not necessarily the same as the Emacs
yank
command, because the Emacs kill ring and the X clipboard
selection are not the same thing. You can paste in text you
have placed in the clipboard using Copy or Cut. You can also
use Paste to insert text that was pasted into the clipboard from other
applications.
Removes the selected text block from the current buffer but does not place it in the kill ring or the X clipboard selection.
After selecting this, Emacs will remember every keystroke you type until
End Macro Recording is selected. This is the same as the Emacs
command start-kbd-macro
(C-x ().
Selecting this tells emacs to stop remembering your keystrokes. This is
the same as the Emacs command end-kbd-macro
(C-x )).
Selecting this item will cause emacs to re-interpret all of the
keystrokes which were saved between selections of the Start Macro
Recording and End Macro Recording menu items. This is the same
as the Emacs command call-last-kbd-macro
(C-x e).
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The Apps pull-down menu contains the Read Mail (VM)..., Read Mail (MH)..., Send Mail..., Usenet News, Browse the Web, Gopher, Spell-Check Buffer and Emulate VI menu items, and the Calendar and Games sub-menus. When you select a menu item, Emacs executes the equivalent command. For some of the menu items, there are sub-menus which you will need to select.
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The Options pull-down menu contains the Read Only, Case Sensitive Search, Overstrike, Auto Delete Selection, Teach Extended Commands, Syntax Highlighting, Paren Highlighting, Font, Size, Weight, Buffers Menu Length..., Buffers Sub-Menus and Save Options menu items. When you select a menu item, Emacs executes the equivalent command. For some of the menu items, there are sub-menus which you will need to select.
Selecting this item will cause the buffer to visit the file in a
read-only mode. Changes to the file will not be allowed. This is
equivalent to the Emacs command toggle-read-only
(C-x C-q).
Selecting this item will cause searches to be case-sensitive. If its not selected then searches will ignore case. This option is local to the buffer.
After selecting this item, when you type letters they will replace
existing text on a one-to-one basis, rather than pushing it to the
right. At the end of a line, such characters extend the line. Before
a tab, such characters insert until the tab is filled in. This is the
same as Emacs command quoted-insert
(C-q).
Selecting this item will cause automatic deletion of the selected region. The typed text will replace the selection if the selection is active (i.e. if its highlighted). If the option is not selected then the typed text is just inserted at the point.
After you select this item, any time you execute a command with M-xwhich has a shorter keybinding, you will be shown the alternate binding before the command executes.
You can customize your .emacs
file to include the font-lock
mode so that when you select this item, the comments will be
displayed in one face, strings in another, reserved words in another,
and so on. When Fonts is selected, different parts of the program
will appear in different Fonts. When Colors is selected, then the
program will be displayed in different colors. Selecting None
causes the program to appear in just one Font and Color. Selecting
Less resets the Fonts and Colors to a fast, minimal set of
decorations. Selecting More resets the Fonts and Colors to a larger
set of decorations. For example, if Less is selected (which is the
default setting) then you might have all comments in green color.
Whereas, if More is selected then a function name in the comments
themselves might appear in a different Color or Font.
After selecting Blink from this item, if you place the cursor on a parenthesis, the matching parenthesis will blink. If you select Highlight and place the cursor on a parenthesis, the whole expression of the parenthesis under the cursor will be highlighted. Selecting None will turn off the options (regarding Paren Highlighting) which you had selected earlier.
You can select any Font for your program by choosing from one of the available Fonts.
You can select any size ranging from 2 to 24 by selecting the appropriate option.
You can choose either Bold or Medium for the weight.
Prompts you for the number of buffers to display. Then it will display that number of most recently selected buffers.
After selection of this item the Buffers menu will contain several commands, as submenus of each buffer line. If this item is unselected, then there are no submenus for each buffer line, the only command available will be selecting that buffer.
Selecting this item will save the current settings of your Options
menu to your .emacs
file.
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The Buffers menu provides a selection of up to ten buffers and the item List All Buffers, which provides a Buffer List. @xref{List Buffers} for more information.
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The Tools pull-down menu contains the Grep..., Compile..., Shell Command..., Shell Command on Region..., Debug(GDB)... and Debug(DBX)... menu items, and the Compare, Merge, Apply Patch and Tags sub-menus. When you select a menu item, Emacs executes the equivalent command. For some of the menu items, there are sub-menus which you will need to select.
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The Help Menu gives you access to Emacs Info and provides a menu equivalent for each of the choices you have when using C-h. @xref{Help} for more information.
The Help menu also gives access to UNIX online manual pages via the UNIX Manual Page option.
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You can customize any of the pull-down menus by adding or removing menu items and disabling or enabling existing menu items.
The following functions are available:
Add a menu to the menu bar or one of its submenus.
&optional before) Add a menu item to a menu, creating the menu first if necessary.
Remove the menu item defined by path from the menu hierarchy.
Disable the specified menu item.
Enable the specified previously disabled menu item.
Change the string of the menu item specified by path to new-name.
Use the function add-menu
to add a new menu or submenu.
If a menu or submenu of the given name exists already, it is changed.
menu-path identifies the menu under which the new menu should be
inserted. It is a list of strings; for example, ("File")
names
the top-level File menu. ("File" "Foo")
names a hypothetical
submenu of File. If menu-path is nil
, the menu is
added to the menu bar itself.
menu-name is the string naming the menu to be added.
menu-items is a list of menu item descriptions. Each menu item should be a vector of three elements:
t
or nil
to indicate whether the item is selectable
The optional argument before is the name of the menu before which the new menu or submenu should be added. If the menu is already present, it is not moved.
The function add-menu-item
adds a menu item to the specified
menu, creating the menu first if necessary. If the named item already
exists, the menu remains unchanged.
menu-path identifies the menu into which the new menu item should
be inserted. It is a list of strings; for example, ("File")
names the top-level File menu. ("File" "Foo")
names a
hypothetical submenu of File.
item-name is the string naming the menu item to add.
function is the command to invoke when this menu item is selected.
If it is a symbol, it is invoked with call-interactively
, in the
same way that functions bound to keys are invoked. If it is a list, the
list is simply evaluated.
enabled-p controls whether the item is selectable or not.
It should be t
, nil
, or a form to evaluate to decide.
This form will be evaluated just before the menu is displayed, and
the menu item will be selectable if that form returns non-nil
.
For example, to make the rename-file
command available from the
File menu, use the following code:
(add-menu-item '("File") "Rename File" 'rename-file t)
To add a submenu of file management commands using a File Management item, use the following code:
(add-menu-item '("File" "File Management") "Copy File" 'copy-file t) (add-menu-item '("File" "File Management") "Delete File" 'delete-file t) (add-menu-item '("File" "File Management") "Rename File" 'rename-file t)
The optional before argument is the name of a menu item before which the new item should be added. If the item is already present, it is not moved.
To remove a specified menu item from the menu hierarchy, use
delete-menu-item
.
path is a list of strings that identify the position of the menu
item in the menu hierarchy. ("File" "Save")
means the menu item
called Save under the top level File menu. ("Menu" "Foo"
"Item")
means the menu item called Item under the Foo submenu
of Menu.
To disable a menu item, use disable-menu-item
. The disabled
menu item is grayed and can no longer be selected. To make the
item selectable again, use enable-menu-item
.
disable-menu-item
and enable-menu-item
both have the
argument path.
To change the string of the specified menu item, use
relabel-menu-item
. This function also takes the argument path.
new-name is the string to which the menu item will be changed.
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