OpenCyc HomepageMedical

E-Mail Comments to: opencyc-doc@cyc.com
Last Update: 3/30/02
Copyright© 1996-2002. All rights reserved. See Terms of Usage.

Return to Documentation Contents
Return to Vocabulary Contents


#$AnimalPhysiologyMt   Animal Physiology knowledge
Naive theory of animal physiology. Animals are considered to be alive. A corpse is an instance of (#$DeadFn #$Animal) not of #$Animal. #$anatomicalParts of animals can be assumed to be physically attached to the animal.
guid: bd58a624-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$TheoryMicrotheory #$GeneralMicrotheory #$Individual
#$HumanPhysiologyMt   Human Physiology knowledge
Naive theory of human physiology.
guid: bd59040f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$TheoryMicrotheory #$GeneralMicrotheory #$Individual
#$AilmentMt   Ailment knowledge
This #$TheoryMicrotheory is intended to be the most general microtheory for axiomatizing knowledge about ailment conditions and diseases (see #$AilmentCondition and its specs). It allows reference to microorganisms and rather general biological knowledge. For describing features of an ailment condition specific to human beings (#$Person), or if knowledge about human physiology is needed to support an assertion, consider using #$HumanAilmentMt.
guid: bd58eb2f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$TheoryMicrotheory #$GeneralMicrotheory #$Individual
#$HumanAilmentMt   Human Ailment knowledge
This #$TheoryMicrotheory is a specialization of #$AilmentMt. It is used for the axiomatization of specific knowledge about ailments affecting human physiology.
guid: bd58cf6e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$TheoryMicrotheory #$GeneralMicrotheory #$Individual
#$SubjectiveAilmentMt   Subjective Ailment knowledge
microtheory which is basically the combination of #$HumanAilmentMt and #$HumanPerceptionMt. Vocabulary is available here that allows one to write axioms about the way ailments make you feel.
guid: bd64f58a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$GeneralMicrotheory #$TheoryMicrotheory #$Individual
#$PharmaceuticalDetailsMt   Pharmaceutical Details knowledge
Microtheory which contains detailed knowledge about drugs and drug products.
guid: bd5cb618-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$TheoryMicrotheory #$GeneralMicrotheory #$Individual
#$ModernWesternMedicineMt   Modern Western Medicine knowledge
This mt is to be used for assertions which are true primarily in the 1990s in the developed Western countries. It should not be used for assertions which are generally true of human bodies or the field of medicine worldwide. It is currently only used for medical assertions.
guid: c0fd65de-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$TheoryMicrotheory #$GeneralMicrotheory #$Individual
#$Infection   infections
A specialization of #$AilmentCondition. Each instance of #$Infection is an ailment condition in which microorganisms are abnormally present (or abnormally numerous) within an animal's body. The microorganisms involved in an infection may be instances of the collections #$Bacterium, #$Virus, or #$ProtistaKingdom. Specializations of #$Infection include #$Bronchitis, #$Tonsillitis, and #$SexuallyTransmittedInfection (which has further specializations).
guid: c10c2f7f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$PhysiologicalConditionType
direct specialization of: #$AilmentCondition  
direct generalization of: #$FeverInfection #$ViralInfection #$FungalInfection #$BacterialInfection
#$InfectionType   types of infection
A collection of collections. Each instance of #$InfectionType is a specialization of #$Infection. Instances include #$BubonicPlague, #$Leprosy, and #$Herpes.
guid: c0fd5f45-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$SecondOrderCollection
direct specialization of: #$PhysiologicalConditionType  
direct generalization of: #$InfectionTypeBySymptomology #$InfectionTypeByPathogenType
#$infectionHost   host (actor slot)
This predicate relates a particular case of #$Infection to the organism it is infecting. (#$infectionHost INF ORG) means that INF is an #$Infection in which the host organism is ORG.
guid: c10c1543-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ActorSlot #$FunctionalSlot
direct specialization of: #$ailmentConditionAffects
#$infectionCausedByOrganism   infecting organism (actor slot)
This predicate relates a particular instance of #$Infection to an organism which causes that infection. (#$infectionCausedByOrganism INFECT ORG) means that the organism ORG is one of the causes of the infection INFECT.
guid: c10c146d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ActorSlot
direct specialization of: #$preActors
#$InfectionTransmissionEvent   infection transmission
A specialization of #$InfectingEvent. Each instance of #$InfectionTransmissionEvent is an event in which some infection is transmitted from one host to another (where both the old and new hosts are instances of #$BiologicalLivingObject).
guid: c0fd53e7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of: #$InfectingEvent  
#$medicallyRecommended   medically recommended
It is medically recommended that the BLO with the condition ARG1 (note that it's a particular instance of a condition and not the condition type) play the role ARG3 in some instance of ARG2, in order to ameliorate the condition.
guid: c0fd4d1b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$TernaryPredicate
#$medicallyProscribed   medically proscribed
It is medically recommended that the organism with the condition ARG1 (note that it's a particular instance of a condition and not the condition type) *refrain* from playing the role ARG3 in instances of ARG2, in order to ameliorate the condition.
guid: c0fd4d2c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$TernaryPredicate
#$medicalRecommendationForBLO   medical recommendation for b l o
It is medically recommended that the BLO ARG1 play the role ARG3 in some instance of ARG2, typically but not necessarily, in order to ameliorate some condition they are experiencing.
guid: c0fd4d38-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$TernaryPredicate
#$DrugFn   drug fn
(#$DrugFn SUBSTANCE) represents the collection of products which contain members of the substance class SUBSTANCE as their active ingredient.
guid: c0fd4538-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$CollectionDenotingFunction #$ReifiableFunction #$UnaryFunction #$Individual
#$DrugOverdose   overdoses
The collection of events which occur when someone takes more of a given type of drug than is medically advisable.
guid: c0fd5896-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of: #$HumanActivity  
#$DrugPrescription   prescriptions (ibt)
The legal document in which a doctor authorizes a patient to purchase a certain amount of a drug and take it according to some specified schedule.
guid: c0fd5806-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of: #$OfficialDocument  
#$IssuingADrugPrescription   issuing a drug prescription
What doctors do when they write or call a pharmacy to say that a given patient should take a given drug according to some schedule.
guid: c0fd4711-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of: #$MedicalTreatmentEvent  
#$DrugProduct   medicines
A specialization of both #$Artifact and #$DrugSubstance. Each instance of #$DrugProduct is a drug substance manufactured by some agent. Instances of #$DrugProduct include drugs prescribed by a physician, drugs purchased as over-the-counter medicines, and drugs used for recreational purposes (so #$AlcoholicBeverage, #$Nicotine, and #$Caffeine are specializations).
guid: bd58aef7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingStuffType
direct specialization of: #$Artifact-NonAgentive  #$DrugSubstance  #$Artifact  #$ConsumableProduct  
direct generalization of: #$PrescriptionDrug
#$DrugEvaluation   drug evaluations
The collection of events in which the efficacy and/or safety of a drug or pharmaceutical substance/product is evaluated. See also #$DrugTesting which refers to performing tests to perform on people to determine if they have been taking drugs.
guid: c10c2ab2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of: #$Evaluating  
#$DrugTherapy   drug therapies
A collection of medical care events in which drugs accomplish a medical purpose. An instance of #$DrugTherapy is the result of an instance of #$AdministeringADrug (q.v.). An instance of #$DrugTherapy is the event of the patient's body undergoing the physiological effects of the drug it was given. Note: #$DrugTherapy events do not include the administration of the drug; rather, they are the results of such administrations. Cf. #$AdministeringADrug.
guid: c0fd5e28-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$Collection
direct specialization of: #$MedicalTreatmentEvent  
direct generalization of: #$Anesthesia
#$DrugTherapyUseFn   drug therapy use fn
The collection of events in which instances of ARG1 are used to achieve a medical purpose. These events do not include the administration of the drug - they are the scripts which result from that administration.
guid: c0fd5a29-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$CollectionDenotingFunction #$ReifiableFunction #$UnaryFunction #$Individual
#$DrugModeOfActionType   drug mode of action type
guid: c0fdf4d6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$SecondOrderCollection
direct specialization of: #$ExistingStuffType  
#$SelfInjectableFn   self injectable fn
guid: c0fdecd4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$SubcollectionDenotingFunction #$ReifiableFunction #$UnaryFunction #$Individual
#$DosageFormType   dosage form type
Drug products organized according to their form when they are given as doses.
guid: c10ae97e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$SecondOrderCollection
direct specialization of: #$TemporalStuffType  
#$PharmacyProductType   pharmacy products
The collection of pharmaceutical product types, including drugs and pharmaceutical devices.
guid: c0fdf171-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$SecondOrderCollection
direct specialization of: #$ProductType  
#$PPTExplanation   p p t explanation
PPT stands for ''#$PharmacyProductType''. A certain set of collections under #$PharmacyProductType exist chiefly to enforce the order of nesting of the functions that generate new #$PharmacyProductType instances by constraining their dosage form, administration route, package size, strength etc. These collection are: #$PPTByPackageType #$PPTByStrengthType #$PPTByAdministrationRouteType #$PPTByDosageFormType #$PharmacyProductType-Level3 #$PharmacyProductType-Level2 #$PharmacyProductType-Level1 #$PharmacyProductType-NameOnly. Also related are #$TherapeuticClassType and GlaxoProductGroupType-TopLevel. The hierarchy looks like this: #$PharmacyProductType | | | #$PPTByPackageType #$PharmacyProductType-Level3 | | | #$PPTByStrengthType #$PharmacyProductType-Level2 | | | #$PPTByAdministrationRouteType #$PharmacyProductType-Level1 | | | #$PPTByDosageFormType #$PharmacyProductType-NameOnly | | | #$TherapeuticClassType GlaxoProductGroupType-TopLevel The function #$PPTPackageFn, for example, results in an instance of #$PPTByPackageType, but it can take as arguments only #$PharmacyProductType-Level3 instances. #$PPTStrengthFn results in instances of #$PPTByStrengthType, but can take as arguments only instances of #$PharmacyProductType-Level2, and so on. This arrangement prevents an infinite recursion of NATs, e.g., (#$PPTPackageFn (#$PPTPackageFn (#$PPTPackageFn ... ))).
guid: bd5ac563-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$Individual
#$PPTByPackageType   ppt by package type
The collection of types of drug products which are specified as to packaging, and may be specified as to strength, administration route, dosage form, and type of preparation (the drug compounds(s) contained).
guid: bd60ff75-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$SecondOrderCollection
direct specialization of: #$PharmacyProductType  
#$PPTByStrengthType   p p t by strength type
The collection of types of drug products which are specified as to strength, and may be specified as to administration route, dosage form, and type of preparation (the drug compounds(s) contained).
guid: bd685a43-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$CollectionType
direct specialization of: #$PharmacyProductType  
#$PPTByDosageFormType   ppt by dosage form type
The collection of types of drug products that are specified as to dosage form, and may be specified as to type of preparation (the drug compounds(s) contained).
guid: bd62098e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$SecondOrderCollection
direct specialization of: #$ProductByGenericType  
#$PharmacyProductType-Level0   pharmacy product type level 0
The collection of types of #$DrugProducts that may be specified as to their brand or generic name (which indicates what type or types of compounds are contained in their instances), in which case they would be instances of #$PharmacyProductType-NameOnly, but are not specified as to dosage form, administration route, strength or packaging. For example, #$ZoloftProduct and #$AntiDepressant are instances of #$PharmacyProductType-Level0, but 'Zoloft tablets' would not be.
guid: bd60e21c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$CollectionType
direct specialization of: #$PharmacyProductType  
#$PharmacyProductType-Level1   pharmacy product type level 1
The collection of types of drug products that may be specified as to dosage form and type of preparation (the drug product(s) contained), but are not specified as to administration route, strength or packaging.
guid: bd64af19-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$CollectionType
direct specialization of: #$PharmacyProductType  
#$PharmacyProductType-Level2   pharmacy product type level 2
The collection of types of drug products that may be specified as to administration route, dosage form, and type of preparation (the drug product(s) contained), but are not specified as to strength or packaging.
guid: bd59720f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$SecondOrderCollection
direct specialization of: #$PharmacyProductType  
#$PharmacyProductType-Level3   pharmacy product type level 3
The collection of types of drug products that may be specified as to strength, administration route, dosage form, and type of preparation (the drug compounds(s) contained), but are not specified as to packaging.
guid: bd5da099-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$SecondOrderCollection
direct specialization of: #$PharmacyProductType  
#$TherapeuticClassType   therapeutic class type
Instances are classes of drugs grouped by mode of action and diseases they are commonly used to treat.
guid: c10adf7f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$SecondOrderCollection
direct specialization of: #$ExistingStuffType  
#$MedicalSpecialtyType   medical specialty type
An instance of #$SiblingDisjointCollection, and a specialization of #$PersonTypeByOccupation. Each instance of #$MedicalSpecialtyType is a type of profession in the field of health care. Instances include #$Doctor-Medical, #$Dentist, and #$Nurse.
guid: c10ae933-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$SiblingDisjointCollection #$SecondOrderCollection
direct specialization of: #$PersonTypeByOccupation  
#$MedicalCareProvider   health care provider
The collection of agents who provide medical care in a professional capacity.
guid: c0fd5c00-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of: #$SocialBeing  
direct generalization of: #$MedicalCareProfessional #$MedicalCareOrganization
#$MedicalCareProfessional   medical practitioners
A specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$MedicalCareProfessional is a person whose occupation principally involves medical care of patients, including surgery, psychological care, physical therapy, practical nursing, and dispensing drugs. Notable specializations of #$MedicalCareProfessional include #$Doctor-Medical, #$Dentist, and #$Pharmacist.
guid: c10c316e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$PersonTypeByOccupation
direct specialization of: #$MedicalCareProvider  #$HealthProfessional  
direct generalization of: #$Dentist #$Pharmacist #$Prescriber
#$HealthProfessional   health professionals
An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation, and a specialization of #$Professional-Adult. Each instance of #$HealthProfessional is a person employed in some health-related field. Specializations of #$HealthProfessional include #$MedicalCareProfessional and #$HealthInspector
guid: bd58a4d2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$PersonTypeByOccupation
direct specialization of: #$HumanAdult  
direct generalization of: #$MedicalCareProfessional
#$Pharmacist   pharmacists
The collection of professionals who are trained and licensed to prepare and distribute legal drugs.
guid: bd58ddbb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$MedicalSpecialtyType
direct specialization of: #$MedicalCareProfessional  
#$Doctor-Medical   doctors
An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation, and a specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$Doctor-Medical is a person with a certain type of education in the field of medicine (usually such a person has obtained an MD degree) who is professionally licensed to practice medicine.
guid: bd58eb55-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$MedicalSpecialtyType
direct specialization of: #$Scientist  #$Prescriber  
#$Dentist   dental practitioners
The collection of doctors that are trained with diagnosing and treating diseases of the gums and teeth.
guid: bd58df82-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$MedicalSpecialtyType
direct specialization of: #$MedicalCareProfessional  
#$Nurse   nurses (adults)
The class of health professionals who provide various aspects of hands-on health care to patients. Nurses do not usually diagnose or decide on treatments, but they administer medicines and treatments, perform medical tests, give regular care to hospitalized patients, etc.
guid: bd5895de-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$MedicalSpecialtyType
direct specialization of: #$MedicalCareProfessional  
#$MedicalCareEvent   medical care
A collection of events. Each instance of #$MedicalCareEvent is an event in which a medical care professional provides a medical service to some human or animal patient(s). Notable specializations of #$MedicalCareEvent include #$MedicalTesting, #$HospitalCareEvent, and #$Surgery.
guid: bd638fc1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ProductByGenericType #$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of: #$ServiceEvent  #$TakingCareOfSomething  
direct generalization of: #$DentalCareEvent #$BirthEvent #$MedicalTreatmentEvent #$MedicalTesting #$HospitalCareEvent #$Surgery
#$EmergencyMedicalTreatment   emergency medical treatments
guid: bd58ca20-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of: #$MedicalTreatmentEvent  
#$HealthMaintenanceOrganization   HMOs (medical care organizations)
A business which provides health-care for a fixed, regular fee rather than on a per-use basis. This organization typically has a network of doctors, hospitals, pharmacies which participate. Other health-care-providers' fees are not included in the premiums.
guid: c0fd5684-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of: #$HealthcareOrganization  
#$MedicalGroupPractice   group practices
A business partnership among 2 or more physicians. Doctors in a group practice pool resources, share staff and equipment, just as any other business partnership.
guid: c10c14f6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of: #$Partnership  
#$participatingProvider   participating provider
ARG2 is a participating or `in-network' health care provider in ARG1.
guid: c10c18e9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
direct specialization of: #$affiliatedWith
#$hasPhysiologicalAttributes   has physiological attributes
(#$hasPhysiologicalAttributes BLO ATT) means that the #$BiologicalLivingObject BLO has the #$PhysiologicalAttribute ATT. Note that many, perhaps most, assertions made with #$hasPhysiologicalAttributes will be time-dependent; for example, an individual person is not #$SexuallyMature throughout his or her life, but only during a portion of it. For this reason, many assertions made with #$hasPhysiologicalAttributes will need to be temporally qualified. One way to do so is by using #$holdsIn; for instance, (#$holdsIn (#$YearFn 1820) (#$hasPhysiologicalAttributes #$LudwigVanBeethoven #$Deaf).
guid: bd58892e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$BinaryAttributePredicate
direct specialization of: #$hasAttributes
#$feelsSensation   feel
(#$feelsSensation BLO SENSTYPE DEGREE) means that the #$BiologicalLivingObject BLO feels a sensation of type SENSTYPE with the intensity DEGREE. #$feelsSensation may be used to describe an organism's feeling during a particular time period or activity (see #$holdsIn); for example, we might say of a particular person who is doing yoga: (#$holdsIn `TodaysYoga' (#$feelsSensation Prakriti #$LevelOfRelaxationFeeling #$VeryHigh). Note that the first argument of #$feelsSensation could also be filled by a part of an organism, e.g., `John F. Kennedy's head'; however, by using the more specialized predicate #$feelsSensationInRegionAtLevel, we can express localized feelings without reifying each such region.
guid: bd588025-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$FunctionalPredicate #$TernaryPredicate
#$LevelOfPain   pains (physiological attributes)
An #$AttributeType whose elements represent the qualitative levels of pain that may be felt by a perceptual agent. Although the agent is often a living entity, this is not required. The source of the pain could be either external or internal; in either case, the subjective feeling is generally `sharper' and hopefully shorter-lived than just `a feeling of discomfort' (see: #$LevelOfDiscomfort.)
guid: bd58ae66-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$SensoryReactionType
direct specialization of: #$LevelOfDiscomfort  
#$BodyPartCollectionFn   body part collection fn
#$BodyPartCollectionFn is a #$CollectionDenotingFunction, that is, it is a Cyc function which `returns' (i.e., `has') a collection as its value. Here is an example of what it does. The expression (#$BodyPartCollectionFn #$AbrahamLincoln #$Fingernail) returns, as its value, a collection of ten elements, each of which represents one of the fingernails of Abraham Lincoln. In cases where an animal is likely to only have one part of that type (e.g., head, heart, nose, nervous system), it makes more sense to use the function #$BodyPartFn (qv), rather than using this one, getting a singleton set back, and extracting its lone element.
guid: c0fd6605-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$SubcollectionDenotingFunction #$BinaryFunction #$ReifiableFunction #$Individual
#$BodyPartFn   body part fn
An instance of both #$IndividualDenotingFunction and #$ReifiableFunction. When applied to an instance ANIMAL of #$Animal and an instance UNIQUE-PART-TYPE of both #$AnimalBodyPartType and #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType, #$BodyPartFn returns the instance of UNIQUE-PART-TYPE belonging to ANIMAL. For example, (#$BodyPartFn Person001 #$Heart) is Person001's heart.
guid: c0fd5d63-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ReifiableFunction #$BinaryFunction #$IndividualDenotingFunction #$Individual


Copyright© 1996-2002. All rights reserved. See Terms of Usage.