Movement
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Update: 3/30/02
Copyright© 1996-2002. All rights reserved. See Terms of Usage.
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Top-Level Movement Collections
#$MovementEvent moves (transfers)
A specialization of #$GeneralizedTransfer.
Each instance of #$MovementEvent
is an event in which at least one object translates some
distance, or in which at least one object moves from one
rotational orientation to another rotational orientation.
Each instance of #$MovementEvent
is thus a rotation or translation of some object (an
instance of #$SomethingExisting),
where the movement occurs relative to a frame of reference
which is not part of the rotating or translating object.
Notable specializations of #$MovementEvent
include #$Translocation,
#$Rotation-NonPeriodic,
and #$Movement-Periodic.
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direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$MovementOrShapeChangeEvent #$GeneralizedTransfer
direct generalization of:
#$Translocation
#$Movement-NonPeriodic
#$Movement-Periodic
#$MovementProcess
#$Motion-SolidAgainstSolid #$Movement-Rotation
#$ChemicalInteraction #$DisappearingFromSight
#$MovementProcess movements (moves)
#$MovementProcess
is a subcollection of #$MovementEvent.
Its instances are those #$MovementEvents
which can be considered as continuous motions. That is, (1)
motion happens without interruption throughout a #$MovementProcess,
and thus (2) every time-slice of a #$MovementProcess
is also a #$MovementProcess.
guid: bd5890cd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$MovementEvent
direct generalization of:
#$Movement-TranslationProcess
#$Movement-Rotation rotations
#$Movement-Rotation
is a subcollection of #$MovementEvent.
Instances of #$Movement-Rotation
are those moving events in which the #$primaryObjectMoving
is an #$objectRotating, i.e., it rotates about an axis that
spatially intersects it (or that goes through a hole in it).
For example, the daily rotation of the #$PlanetEarth on its
axis, or the rotation of a clock hand about its fastened
end. A negative example is the orbiting of #$PlanetEarth
around the #$Sun - the axis does not spatially intersect the object.
guid: bd58cb0a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$MovementEvent
direct generalization of:
#$Rotation-Periodic
#$Rotation-NonPeriodic
#$Movement-TranslationEvent movements
from one place to another
A specialization of #$Translocation.
Each instance of #$Movement-TranslationEvent
is an event in which an object (an instance of #$SomethingExisting)
moves some distance (so that at some point in the event, the
object's center of mass changes location with respect to the
relevant frame of reference). The moving object need not
move completely out of its original spatial extent; for
example, a building moving one foot to the left undergoes a
#$Movement-TranslationEvent.
Instances of #$Movement-TranslationEvent
include events in which the movement ends in the same place
it started from (e.g., one lap of a race car around the
Indianapolis race track, or a trip to the grocery store and
back). In such cases (all of which are instances of the
specialization #$Translation-NoLocationChange),
the to and from locations of the movement (see the
predicates #$toLocation and #$fromLocation)
are identical. In other cases of #$Movement-TranslationEvent
(e.g., the movement of the baseball during a home run hit by
Roger Maris), the to and from locations are different; in
these cases, the movement events are also instances of #$Translation-LocationChange (q.v.).
guid: bd588e70-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Translocation
direct generalization of:
#$Movement-TranslationProcess
#$Translation-NonPeriodic
#$TranslationAlongASurface #$Translation-NoLocationChange
#$Translation-Periodic
#$Translation-MultiTrajectory
#$Translation-SingleTrajectory
#$Translation-LocationChange
#$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion #$Translation-Complete
#$Translation-Flow
#$Movement-Periodic movement periodic
A specialization of #$MovementEvent.
Each instance of #$Movement-Periodic
is a movement event in which the moving object (see the
predicate #$objectMoving)
returns repeatedly to a certain location or orientation at
more or less regular time intervals. Examples of #$Movement-Periodic
include the motion of a seesaw one afternoon, the dribbling
of a basketball in place by Magic Johnson, and the motion of
a slinky going down a staircase as it periodically changes
its orientation through a fixed, repetive series of orientations.
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direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$MovementEvent
direct generalization of:
#$Rotation-Periodic
#$Translation-Periodic
#$Movement-NonPeriodic non-periodic movements
A specialization of #$MovementEvent.
Each instance of #$Movement-NonPeriodic
is a movement event in which the moving object (see the
predicate #$objectMoving)
does not return to a previous location or orientation, or
returns to a previous location or orientation only in a
chaotic manner. An example of a #$Movement-NonPeriodic
would be the motion of a basketball being dribbled by a
basketball player as she runs downcourt. For contrast, see
#$Movement-Periodic.
guid: bd5dac56-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$MovementEvent
direct generalization of:
#$Translation-NonPeriodic
#$Rotation-NonPeriodic
Key Movement Collections From The Secondary Level
#$Movement-TranslationEvent movements
from one place to another
A specialization of #$Translocation.
Each instance of #$Movement-TranslationEvent
is an event in which an object (an instance of #$SomethingExisting)
moves some distance (so that at some point in the event, the
object's center of mass changes location with respect to the
relevant frame of reference). The moving object need not
move completely out of its original spatial extent; for
example, a building moving one foot to the left undergoes a
#$Movement-TranslationEvent.
Instances of #$Movement-TranslationEvent
include events in which the movement ends in the same place
it started from (e.g., one lap of a race car around the
Indianapolis race track, or a trip to the grocery store and
back). In such cases (all of which are instances of the
specialization #$Translation-NoLocationChange),
the to and from locations of the movement (see the
predicates #$toLocation and #$fromLocation)
are identical. In other cases of #$Movement-TranslationEvent
(e.g., the movement of the baseball during a home run hit by
Roger Maris), the to and from locations are different; in
these cases, the movement events are also instances of #$Translation-LocationChange (q.v.).
guid: bd588e70-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Translocation
direct generalization of:
#$Movement-TranslationProcess
#$Translation-NonPeriodic
#$TranslationAlongASurface #$Translation-NoLocationChange
#$Translation-Periodic
#$Translation-MultiTrajectory
#$Translation-SingleTrajectory
#$Translation-LocationChange
#$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion #$Translation-Complete
#$Translation-Flow
#$Movement-TranslationProcess movement processes
#$Movement-TranslationProcess
is the subcollection of #$Movement-TranslationEvents
whose insatnces can be pragmatically considered to be
continuous processes. In any instance of #$Movement-TranslationProcess,
all time-slices of that process are also themselves
instances of #$Movement-TranslationProcess.
Note that walking is a type of #$Movement-TranslationProcess,
even though it involves some nonzero accelerations and
jerks. A non-example would be a plot of the various
residences you've lived in (``moved to'') over the course of
your lifetime; another non-example would be Captain Kirk
beaming up to the Enterprise; another would be the
``tunneling'' of an electron in a tunnel diode.
guid: bd588e2f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$MovementProcess #$Movement-TranslationEvent
direct generalization of:
#$LocomotionProcess-Animal
#$Translation-SingleTrajectory translation
(movement from one place to another)
A subcollection of #$Movement-TranslationEvent.
Each instance of #$Translation-SingleTrajectory
is a translational movement which involves exactly one #$trajectory-Complete.
One or more items may have the role of #$objectMoving in
such an event. Note that although there is a single #$trajectory-Complete,
it does not follow that there is a unique #$fromLocation
and a unique #$toLocation
because that depends on our descriptions of locations. (A
single-trajectory movement can be described as from TX to
PA, or from Austin to Pittsburgh, or even from northwest
Austin to south Pittsburgh.) However, the single #$trajectory-Complete
connects one #$fromLocation
and one #$toLocation.
(Similarly, there may be a single existing #$motionPathway-Complete
that the trajectory goes along, or a single #$Traversal
of paths indicated by #$traverses-Complete.)
Note that a translational motion performed by a whole
#$Group is likely to be a #$Translation-SingleTrajectory;
e.g. a flock of birds flying together or a snarl of
rush-hour traffic on the Beltway. Non-examples include an
opening break in a game of billiards and a group of water
droplets coming together into one big drop (cf. #$Translation-MultiTrajectory).
guid: bd5b0dc8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$Movement-TranslationEvent
direct generalization of: #$PassingThroughPortal
#$ProjectileMotion #$Conveying-Generic #$LocomotionEvent
#$Translation-MultiTrajectory multi-path translation
A specialization of #$Movement-TranslationEvent.
In any instance of #$Translation-MultiTrajectory,
motion may occur simultaneously along two or more instances
of #$Trajectory
(which are not related by sub-trajectory relationships.)
Therefore, there must be at least two #$objectMovings
in such an event. There may be more than one #$fromLocation
and/or more than one #$toLocation.
Instances of #$Translation-MultiTrajectory
include scattering, distributing, and collecting things.
E.g., all of the following exhibit multi-trajectory
translation movements: a rainshower or snowfall; an
exploding firework; water being ejected from a sprinkling
system; the surrounding objects being sucked up by a
tornado; participants running a 100K footrace; pool balls
during the opening break. For non-examples of this, see #$Translation-SingleTrajectory.
guid: bd5ef8af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Movement-TranslationEvent
#$Translation-Periodic periodic translation
A specialization of both #$Movement-TranslationEvent
and #$Movement-Periodic.
Each instance of #$Translation-Periodic
is a translational movement in which the moving object
returns to a certain location repeatedly, and at more or
less regular time intervals. Instances of #$Translation-Periodic
include a ball bouncing in place and a planet revolving
around a star. Note that a planet rotating on its axis or a
top spinning in place would not count as an instance of #$Translation-Periodic,
since these movements, although periodic, are rotations
rather than translations.
guid: bd5e1d42-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Movement-TranslationEvent #$Movement-Periodic
#$Translation-NonPeriodic non-periodic translation
The collection of all non-periodic translational
movement events, i.e., the intersection of #$Movement-NonPeriodic
and #$Movement-TranslationEvent.
In each instance of #$Translation-NonPeriodic,
the #$objectMoving is
in translational motion and does not move back the same
position on the regular temporal basis (it can visit the
same location multiple times, just not regularly).
guid: bfbfe759-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Movement-TranslationEvent #$Movement-NonPeriodic
#$Translation-Complete complete translation
A collection of translational motion events; hence
a subcollection of #$Movement-TranslationEvent.
In each instance of #$Translation-Complete,
the entire moving object (see #$objectMoving)
moves from the place of origin (see #$fromLocation)
to the destination (see #$toLocation). That
is, the object completely leaves the origin and relocates to
the destination. The moving object may be either a
#$NonFluidlike object (e.g. a baseball) or a #$FluidTangibleThing
all of which moves from one place to another (e.g. the
gasoline used to fill a gas tank). Another example: a single
molecule of water flowing from point A to point B in a
river. Non-examples: a river flowing from A to B (the river
itself is not relocated); a rubber band stretching. A
borderline case: a spider spins a web, leaving part of
itself, in effect, extended out behind it; in most contexts
that would still be considered a #$Translation-Complete.
Note that #$Translation-Complete
is noncommittal as to whether net movement has occurred, so
round-trip events qualify as complete translations (cf. #$Translation-LocationChange).
guid: bd61f7aa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Movement-TranslationEvent
direct generalization of: #$PassingThroughPortal
#$PuttingSomethingSomewhere #$RemovingSomethingByMovingIt
#$ProjectileMotion #$FluidFlow-Complete #$TransportationEvent
#$LocomotionEvent
#$Translation-Flow flows
(movements from one place to another)
A specialization of both #$FluidFlowEvent and #$Movement-TranslationEvent.
In each instance of #$Translation-Flow,
the moving object (see the predicate #$objectMoving)
is an instance of #$FluidTangibleThing
(i.e., a portion of some fluid, such as a quart of milk)
rather than a discrete solid object. At least some of the
moving object leaves its original position (see the
predicate #$fromLocation)
and some arrives at the destination (see the predicate #$toLocation), but
it is not necessary that all of the moving object go from
the origin to the destination. Instances of #$Translation-Flow
include rivers flowing or winds blowing or air filling one's
lungs when one takes a breath. Other instances of #$Translation-Flow
include flows of ``fluids'' such as sand, drifting snow,
etc., which are composed of multiple solid particles.
guid: bd590484-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$Movement-TranslationEvent #$FluidFlowEvent
direct generalization of: #$FluidFlow-Complete #$WindProcess
#$Translation-LocationChange changes
of location
A collection of translational motion events; thus a
subcollection of #$Movement-TranslationEvent.
In each instance of #$Translation-LocationChange,
the moving object (see #$objectMoving)
ends up in a different place than it started from: the
destination (see #$toLocation) is
not the same as the origin (see #$fromLocation).
Thus, a round-trip travel event (see
#$Translation-RoundTrip) is _not_ an instance of this
collection. Cf. #$Translation-NoLocationChange.
guid: bd5f8117-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$Movement-TranslationEvent
direct generalization of: #$DescendingEvent
#$LeavingAPlace #$PassingThroughPortal #$ProjectileMotion
#$EmittingAnObject #$GoingSomewhere
#$Translation-NoLocationChange translations
without location change
A collection of translational motion events; hence
a subcollection of #$Movement-TranslationEvent.
In any instance of #$Translation-NoLocationChange,
the #$objectMoving
undergoes translational motion but ends up where it started
--- i.e., there is no NET movement; i.e., its #$fromLocation
and #$toLocation
are the same. Between the beginning and the end of a #$Translation-NoLocationChange,
the #$objectMoving
may visit the #$toLocation and
the #$fromLocation
any number of times. E.g., consider the motion of a person
who is born in, and 80 years later dies in, the very same
hospital, and has been there a few times in between for
operations, visiting patients, etc. A less dramatic example
is the motion of your car on a particular day, as it gets
moved around, crosses its own path a few times, etc., but
ends the day in the same place it started. Instances of #$Translation-NoLocationChange
may be periodic or nonperiodic movements. An important
subcollection of #$Translation-NoLocationChange
is #$Translation-RoundTrip.
guid: bd5e4464-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Movement-TranslationEvent
direct generalization of: #$Translation-RoundTrip
#$Path-Generic generic paths
A collection of things that are paths or can be
considered paths. Each #$Path-Generic
is either a a non-self-crossing path (see #$Path-Simple)
or a cycle (see #$Path-Cyclic).
A #$Path-Generic
may be spatio-temporally abstract (e.g. links in Graph
Theory; see #$Multigraph),
spatially-located but intangible (e.g. a #$LatitudeLine
might be used as a path in some system; see #$Path-Spatial
and its specializations), or fully concrete (such as a road,
railroad, sea-lane, cowpath, pipe, blood vessel, fiber, or
wire; see #$Path-Customary
and #$PathArtifact).
#$Path-Generic
includes anything that is used as a path in some #$PathSystem
(q.v.). If a #$Path-Generic
is a #$Path-Customary,
then it might or might not have a specified #$PathSystem
in which it is a path; if the #$Path-Generic
is not a #$Path-Customary,
then it can only be a path in some given #$PathSystem.
For example, an orange is not a customary path, but it can
be a path for ants in a specified ant path system. For any
#$Path-Generic,
there can be a #$Traversal
(q.v.) of something moving along the entirety of that path
(and a single #$Traversal
can cross itself, double back along itself, or go back and
forth along some part of a #$Path-Generic
any number of times.) Note that #$Path-Generic
is _not_ a subcollection of #$Individual,
because there is nothing in principle to prevent a
mathematical set or a collection from being used as a path
in some path system. For similar reasons, few if any
(non-empty) collections or sets can definitively be
considered disjoint with #$Path-Generic.
guid: c110820b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$Collection
direct specialization of:
#$Thing
direct generalization of:
#$Path-Cyclic
#$SimpleSegmentOfPath #$Path-Simple
#$Path-Spatial
Some Important Subsets Of #$Movement-Rotation
#$Movement-Rotation rotations
#$Movement-Rotation
is a subcollection of #$MovementEvent.
Instances of #$Movement-Rotation
are those moving events in which the #$primaryObjectMoving
is an #$objectRotating, i.e., it rotates about an axis that
spatially intersects it (or that goes through a hole in it).
For example, the daily rotation of the #$PlanetEarth on its
axis, or the rotation of a clock hand about its fastened
end. A negative example is the orbiting of #$PlanetEarth
around the #$Sun - the axis does not spatially intersect the object.
guid: bd58cb0a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$MovementEvent
direct generalization of:
#$Rotation-Periodic
#$Rotation-NonPeriodic
#$Rotation-Periodic periodic rotations
A collection of rotational movements; a
subcollection of #$Movement-Rotation.
In any instance of #$Rotation-Periodic,
either partial rotation (e.g., rocking) or full rotation
(e.g., spinning) occurs periodically. Examples include the
swinging of a clock pendulum and the rotation of the Earth
on its axis. Note that the accuracy and duration of the
periodic rotation is context-dependent. E.g., in a context
spanning a long enough period of time, and/or if measured
sufficiently accurately, the Earth's rotation does not have
a fixed period. In a context short enough, and `approximate'
enough, a spinning Olympic ice skater is performing a #$Rotation-Periodic
event, even though a few seconds later they slow down and
stop rotating.
guid: bf9bb920-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Movement-Rotation #$Movement-Periodic
#$Rotation-NonPeriodic rotation
non periodic
The set of all rotational movements in which
rotation occurs in a nonperiodic fashion; e.g., the turning
of a knob on a kitchen appliance or a radio dial, or
movements of a trackball. See also #$Rotation-Periodic
for the context-sensitive nature of this dichotomy.
guid: c0962af5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Movement-Rotation #$Movement-NonPeriodic
Copyright© 1996-2002. All rights reserved. See Terms of Usage.