Occupations
Vocabulary
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Last
Update: 3/30/02
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This page describes the Cyc constants used to represent
occupations, employment status, and the positions of persons
within organizations. The basic vocabulary is given below, with
samples of the more specialized collections and predicates.
Workers are grouped according to occupation types along several
dimensions, based on tasks, skills, institutional affiliations,
and other characteristics of their jobs. Predicates relate
organizations and workers. Specialized #$Agreements describe the
explicit relationships existing between employers and employees.
General Profession Constants
#$PersonWithOccupation professionals (people)
The collection of persons who have a (skilled or
unskilled) occupation. Most (but not all) instances of #$PersonWithOccupation
spend a significant part of their waking hours doing
activities that are characteristic of their occupations.
Typically their actions are performed for pay (but not
always: consider a starving artist who is unable to sell any
of her works). Note that a #$PersonWithOccupation
need not be working over the entire duration of when s/he
has an occupation; e.g. college professors on summer break
and the temporarily unemployed still have occupations. Most
reified specializations of #$PersonWithOccupation
classify workers according to their job titles, the kinds of
work they perform, or the skills involved; while a few
exploit other (usually quite broad) features of their
working lives (e.g. #$SelfEmployedWorker
and #$DeskWorker).
But note that many collections corresponding to what are
colloquially considered professions or occupations (e.g.
#$Lifeguard, #$StockBroker, #$Housekeeper, and many others)
are _not_ specializations of #$PersonWithOccupation,
as those collections include people for whom the work in
question is not their occupation.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Person
direct generalization of:
#$OrganizationRepresentative #$SalesPerson
#$Farmer
#$FoodProfessional
#$Consultant
#$Executive
#$Researcher
#$MedicalCareProfessional
#$BusinessPerson
#$LawEnforcementOfficer
#$President-HeadOfGovernmentOrHeadOfState
#$SelfEmployedWorker
#$EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional
#$Scientist
#$DeskWorker
#$LegalProfessional
#$PrivateSectorEmployee
#$Engineer #$AcademicProfessional
#$BlueCollarWorker
#$Employee
#$PersonTypeByOccupation types
of profession
A collection of collections and a specialization of
#$PersonTypeByActivity
(q.v.). Each instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation
is a collection of workers (see #$PersonWithOccupation)
and is defined in terms of the kind of work done. The
various instances of #$PersonTypeByOccupation
correspond to jobs of all kinds, and not just to those
colloquially called professions . Examples include
#$ComputerProgrammerProfessional, #$FoodServiceEmployee, #$MedicalCareProfessional,
#$SalesRepresentative, #$Brewer, and many others. See also
#$PersonTypeByPositionInOrg.
guid: bd58a2d9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$SecondOrderCollection
direct specialization of:
#$PersonTypeByActivity
direct generalization of:
#$MedicalSpecialtyType
#$PersonTypeByPositionInOrg types
of postition
A collection of collections. A #$PersonTypeByPositionInOrg
is a collection representing a type of position in an
organization. More precisely, each instance of #$PersonTypeByPositionInOrg
is the collection of instances of #$PersonWithOccupation
who hold a position of a particular given type within some
#$Organization
or other. For example, #$VicePresident-CorporateOfficer is
the collection of all persons who are vice presidents of a
corporation, regardless of which corporation it might be.
Some other instances of #$PersonTypeByPositionInOrg
are #$Mayor, #$CampaignManager, #$Director-Movie,
#$Chairman, and #$Resident-Medical. Obviously, which
position-types are filled in a given organization partly
depends on the type of organization it is; thus cities have
mayors while business firms do not. Note that #$PersonTypeByPositionInOrg
is _not_ a specialization of #$PersonTypeByOccupation
(q.v.); the latter categorizes workers according to the
kinds of activities they perform at work rather than the
positions they hold in their respective organizations, and
the typical activities of a vice president of a toy
manufacturer (e.g.) are likely to be very unlike those of a
bank vice president. Note also that, since all instances of
instances of #$PersonTypeByPositionInOrg
are #$PersonWithOccupations,
not everyone who would colloquially be said to hold a
position in an organization necessarily qualifies; consider
the life-long homemaker who is also a volunteer Candy
Striper at a local hospital, or the international jet-setter
with a conscience who hasn't worked a day in his life but
serves as the honorary chairperson of a charitable organization.
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direct instance of: #$SecondOrderCollection
direct specialization of:
#$ExistingObjectType
#$PersonTypeByActivity types
of person classified by activity
A collection of collections. Each instance of #$PersonTypeByActivity
is a collection of #$Persons that
classifies people by some kind of activity that they do on a
regular basis. Examples include #$Student,
#$Tourist, and #$HornPlayer. If the differentiating activity
is one that is normally done as a career or job, it is
preferable to make the collection an instance of the more
specific #$PersonTypeByOccupation (q.v.).
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direct instance of: #$SecondOrderCollection
direct specialization of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct generalization of:
#$PersonTypeByOccupation
Occupations By Type Of Activity
#$BusinessPerson businesspeople
A subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation.
Each instance of #$BusinessPerson
is someone whose occupation primarily consists in the
ownership or operation of a business.
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByOccupation
direct specialization of:
#$PersonWithOccupation
direct generalization of:
#$SalesPerson
#$Consultant
#$SalesPerson salespeople
A specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation.
Each instance of #$SalesPerson
is someone whose principal job activity is negotiating with
potential buyers, finding out what they want, describing
what is available, taking orders, etc. This collection
includes door-to-door salespeople, Avon reprentatives, new
and used car salespeople, sales representatives for the
product lines of large industrial companies, and store
clerks working on a sales commission.
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByOccupation
direct specialization of:
#$OrganizationRepresentative #$BusinessPerson #$Vendor
#$Researcher researcher
A subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation
each instance of which is a person who performs research as
his or her main occupation. This collection includes
academicians, clinical investigators, experimental
physicists, market researchers, industrial researchers, etc.
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByOccupation
direct specialization of:
#$PersonWithOccupation
direct generalization of:
#$Scientist
#$LegalProfessional legal professionals
An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation,
and a specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation.
Each instance of #$LegalProfessional
is a person working in the field of law. Notable
specializations of #$LegalProfessional
include #$Lawyer, #$Judge, and #$Paralegal.
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByOccupation
direct specialization of:
#$PersonWithOccupation
#$LawEnforcementOfficer policemen
An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation,
and a specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation.
Each instance of #$LawEnforcementOfficer
is a person whose job is to detect, stop, and/or punish
people engaged in illegal activities. The collection #$LawEnforcementOfficer
includes members of local, state, and special police (e.g.,
transit police) forces, as well as federal agents (e.g.,
members of border patrols, national security agents).
Consequently, a given instance of #$LawEnforcementOfficer
typically also belongs to one of the following collections:
#$StateEmployee,
#$LocalGovernmentEmployee,
or #$NationalGovernmentEmployee
(see #$PublicSectorEmployee).
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByOccupation
direct specialization of:
#$PublicSectorEmployee
#$MedicalCareProfessional medical practitioners
A specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation.
Each instance of #$MedicalCareProfessional
is a person whose occupation principally involves medical
care of patients, including surgery, psychological care,
physical therapy, practical nursing, and dispensing drugs.
Notable specializations of #$MedicalCareProfessional
include #$Doctor-Medical,
#$Dentist,
and #$Pharmacist.
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByOccupation
direct specialization of:
#$MedicalCareProvider #$HealthProfessional
direct generalization of:
#$Dentist #$Pharmacist
#$Prescriber
#$Counselor-Psychological counselor
A collection of persons; a subset of
#$Professional. Each element of #$Counselor-Psychological
is a professional whose job is to counsel others on
psychological, emotional or behavioral, issues. Elements
include members of the subsets #$Psychoanalyst,
#$SocialWorker, #$CounselingPsychologist, etc. This
collection does NOT include other types of counselors or advisers.
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByOccupation
direct specialization of:
#$HealthProfessional
#$Engineer engineers (professionals)
A specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation.
Each instance of #$Engineer is
a professional who works in some branch of engineering.
Notable specializations of #$Engineer
include #$ElectricalEngineer, #$ChemicalEngineer,
#$CivilEngineer, and #$MechanicalEngineer.
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByOccupation
direct specialization of:
#$PersonWithOccupation
#$FoodProfessional food professionals
A specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation.
Each instance of #$FoodProfessional
is a worker whose occupation is to prepare or serve food or
drink. Notable specializations of #$FoodProfessional
include #$Butcher, #$Brewer, #$Bartender, and #$WaitPerson.
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByOccupation
direct specialization of:
#$PersonWithOccupation
#$Farmer farmer (blue
collar worker)
A specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation.
Each instance of #$Farmer is a
person who makes (or significantly supplements) his or her
income by farming, where farming includes such activities as
growing vegetables, grain, or fruit crops, dairy farming, or
raising livestock (e.g., cattle, pigs, sheep, fish) for
their meat or other animal products (e.g., wool).
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByOccupation
direct specialization of:
#$BlueCollarWorker
#$EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional entertainment
or arts professional
The collection of persons who use some sort of
creative or artistic abilities in carrying out the main
function of their jobs. #$EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional
includes both performing artists and producers of tangible
artworks, either creative or commercial. This collection
does _not_ include people working on the business side of
those professions, such as producers or art dealers, whose
#$jobAttributes
are more similar to those of other business professionals
(e.g. managers, marketers, sales representatives) than to
the artists'; cf. #$EntertainmentOrArtsAdministrator.
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByOccupation
direct specialization of:
#$PersonWithOccupation
direct generalization of: #$Entertainer
#$MediaProfessional media professionals
A collection of persons; a subset of #$PersonWithOccupation.
Each element of #$MediaProfessional
is a person whose job is gathering, organizing, or
disseminating information or entertainment for distribution
through TV, radio, or newspaper. This collection includes
journalists, sports announcers, news anchors,
weathercasters, and all technical support staff such as
camera operators, editors, etc.
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByOccupation
direct specialization of:
#$PersonWithOccupation
#$Scientist scientists
An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation,
and a specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation.
Each instance of #$Scientist
is a person who is educated and employed in one (or more) of
the natural, social, or abstract sciences. Specializations
of #$Scientist
include the collections #$Astronomer, #$Chemist, #$Linguist,
#$Mathematician, #$Geneticist, and #$CulturalAnthropologist.
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByOccupation
direct specialization of:
#$Researcher
direct generalization of:
#$Doctor-Medical
#$AcademicProfessional academics
A subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation.
Each instance of #$AcademicProfessional
is a person whose job is to educate and/or perform research
as an affiliate of an academic institution. This includes
members of the teaching and/or research staffs of schools,
colleges, universities, and research institutes.
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByOccupation
direct specialization of:
#$PersonWithOccupation
#$Student students
An instance of #$PersonTypeByActivity.
Each instance of #$Student is a
person who studies at some educational institution. This
collection includes students at all levels of study in all
types of educational institutions. Notable specializations
of #$Student
include #$UniversityStudent, #$GraduateStudent, and #$HighSchoolStudent.
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByActivity
direct specialization of:
#$Person
#$Athlete athletes
A collection of persons. Each instance of #$Athlete is a
person who trains to compete in contests involving physical
agility, stamina, or strength. Note that in the #$JobMt, #$Athlete is a
subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation
(q.v.), and hence in that microtheory represents the
collection of professional athletes.
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByOccupation
direct specialization of: #$Entertainer
#$BlueCollarWorker workmen
A subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation
and an instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation.
Each instance of #$BlueCollarWorker
is a person whose occupation is manual-labor intensive,
sometimes demanding physical strength and, in some jobs,
considerable skill, practical judgment, and work experience.
Types of blue-collar workers include miners, truck drivers,
steelworkers, construction workers, agricultural workers,
laborers, mechanics, garbage collectors, assembly line
workers, janitorial workers, etc. Their jobs may require
some specialized training or apprenticeship but don't
require a college degree.
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByOccupation
direct specialization of:
#$PersonWithOccupation
direct generalization of:
#$Farmer
#$MilitaryPerson military personnel
A specialization of #$MilitaryAgent. Each instance
of #$MilitaryPerson
is a person belonging to one of the national military
services (see the collection #$BranchOfMilitaryService) of
some instance of #$Country.
Notable specializations of #$MilitaryPerson
include #$ArmyPersonnel,
#$NavyPersonnel,
and #$MarinePersonnel.
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByOccupation
direct specialization of:
#$NationalGovernmentEmployee
direct generalization of:
#$Soldier
#$NavyPersonnel
#$MilitaryOfficer
#$MarinePersonnel
#$AirForcePersonnel
#$EnlistedPerson
#$Administrator administrator
A specialization of #$AdministrativeStaffPerson.
Each instance of #$Administrator
is an employee of an organization who is responsible for
managing its organizational affairs. Instances of #$Administrator
may or may not also be required to manage people. If so,
then they are also #$Managers (q.v.).
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByOccupation
direct specialization of: #$AdministrativeStaffPerson
direct generalization of: #$Minister-Governmental #$CorporateOfficer
#$DeskWorker office clerks
A subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation.
#$DeskWorker
is a very broad category, consisting of those people who do
a significant amount of their work sitting at desks (as
opposed, e.g., to those who do physically demanding or
outdoor work). While the sorts of work performed at desks
make up too heterogeneous a class for #$DeskWorker
itself to be considered an #$PersonTypeByOccupation
(q.v.), some of its subcollections do correspond to types of
occupations, e.g. #$Administrator,
#$ComputerOperator, and #$Secretary.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$PersonWithOccupation
direct generalization of: #$AdministrativeStaffPerson
#$Consultant consultant
A specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation.
Each instance of #$Consultant
is a person who works with some business in a consulting
capacity. Consultants can be self employed, or they can work
for a consulting company.
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByOccupation
direct specialization of:
#$BusinessPerson
#$Politician politicos
An instance of #$PersonTypeByActivity.
Each instance of #$Politician is
a person who is involved in politics. Specializations of #$Politician
include #$HeadOfState,
#$ElectoralCandidate, and #$HeadOfPoliticalParty.
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByActivity
direct specialization of:
#$HumanAdult
direct generalization of:
#$HeadOfGovernment
#$HeadOfState
#$Technician technicians
A collection of persons; a subset of #$PersonWithOccupation.
Each element of #$Technician
is a worker whose occupation involves the execution of
detailed procedures, typically using some kind of laboratory
equipment or mechanical instruments. Special training and
sometimes certification is required of members of these
occupations. Elements of the collection #$Technician
include members of its subsets #$MedicalLabTechnician,
#$EmergencyMedicalTechnician, #$DentalHygienist,
#$MediaTechnician, and others.
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByOccupation
direct specialization of:
#$PersonWithOccupation
#$TradeWorker tradespeople
A collection of persons; a subset of #$BlueCollarWorker.
Each element of #$TradeWorker
is a worker who performs a skilled trade. Such skills are
typically acquired through practical training and do not
require an academic or higher education, though some
individuals working in a trade may have college degrees. A
large portion of #$TradeWorker
includes various types of workers in the building trades,
such as the members of its subsets #$Carpenter,
#$Electrician, #$Plumber, #$Painter-Tradesperson, #$Roofer,
etc. Other subsets include workers who maintain or repair
things, e.g., those included in #$Gardener, #$ShoeCobbler,
#$ApplianceRepairPerson, #$CarMechanic, #$MaintenancePerson, etc.
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByOccupation
direct specialization of:
#$BlueCollarWorker
#$CraftWorker craftsmen
The collection of persons who practice some craft,
which typically involves producing some kind of hand-made
goods. Professional craft worker earn money from practicing
their crafts, usually by selling the goods they produces.
Craft workers have specialized skills, often gained through
some sort of practical training or apprenticeship. Craft
work frequently involves some artistry. Craft occupations
may be considered archaic or quaint, in cultures where the
kinds of products once made only by skilled handwork are
currently mass-produced by machines or assembly lines.
Examples of #$CraftWorkers
include potters, florists, blacksmiths, watchmakers, and goldsmiths.
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByOccupation
direct specialization of:
#$PersonWithOccupation
Occupations By Type Of Employing Organization
#$PublicSectorEmployee public
sector employees
A specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation.
Each instance of #$PublicSectorEmployee
is a person employed by a local, state (or provincial), or
national government. This collection includes those who are
employed directly in government administration (for example,
elected and appointed officials, tax officers, and police
and military personnel) as well as those who are employed in
support services wholly funded by the government (for
example, postal employees, public school teachers,
firefighters, and unionized government workers). Although
numerous subcollections of #$PublicSectorEmployee
constitute instances of #$PersonTypeByOccupation
(q.v.), work in the public sector displays too much
variation for #$PublicSectorEmployee
to be considered an occupation-type in its own right.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Employee
direct generalization of:
#$PublicOfficial
#$GovernmentEmployee #$LawEnforcementOfficer
#$NationalGovernmentEmployee national
government employees
A specialization of #$GovernmentEmployee. Each
instance of #$NationalGovernmentEmployee
is a person who is employed by the national government of
some instance of #$Country.
Instances of #$NationalGovernmentEmployee
would include, among others, heads of national governments,
diplomats, and members of a nation's armed forces.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of: #$GovernmentEmployee
direct generalization of:
#$MilitaryPerson
#$StateEmployee state employees
A collection of persons; a subset of
#$GovernmentEmployee. Each element of #$StateEmployee
is a worker who is on the payroll of a state government
organization. Note: In Cyc, `state' refers generically to a
major geographical subdivision of a country; see #$State-Geopolitical.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of: #$GovernmentEmployee
#$LocalGovernmentEmployee local
government employees
A collection of persons; a subset of #$PublicSectorEmployee.
Each element of #$LocalGovernmentEmployee
is a worker who is employed by a local government. Examples
include (for the United States) local tax collectors,
sheriffs or local police, aldermen, firefighters, and public
school teachers.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of: #$GovernmentEmployee
#$PublicOfficial public officials
A subcollection of #$PublicSectorEmployee
and an instance of #$PersonTypeByPositionInOrg.
Each instance of #$PublicOfficial
is a person who holds a position that is directly involved
with some aspect of governing a country (or subregion of a
country). Many public offices in democratically governed
countries are filled by election; some are filled by
appointment. In other countries, public offices are
sometimes filled by succession or by military decree. Note
that public offices are represented in Cyc in terms of the
collections of officials who hold those offices (e.g.
#$Mayor and #$UnitedStatesPresident)
together with axioms describing the responsibilities those
offices entail.
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByPositionInOrg
direct specialization of:
#$PublicSectorEmployee
direct generalization of: #$Minister-Governmental #$UnitedStatesPresident
#$PrivateSectorEmployee private
sector employees
A specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation.
Each instance of #$PrivateSectorEmployee
is a worker who is not paid a salary or wage by any
governmental organization. For example, employees of
publicly traded corporations are instances of #$PrivateSectorEmployee.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$PersonWithOccupation
#$NonProfitEmployee non-profit worker
The collection of all instances of #$PersonWithOccupation
(q.v.) who are employed by some non-profit organization,
such as a college, museum, or charity foundation.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Employee
#$SelfEmployedWorker self-employed people
A subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation.
Each instance of #$SelfEmployedWorker
is a worker who earns a living from funds paid directly to
him/her by customers, or who is paid by a company s/he owns.
Self-employed workers have no boss or supervisor.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$PersonWithOccupation
#$UnemployedPerson unemployed people
A collection of persons. Each instance of #$UnemployedPerson
is a worker who is unemployed. An unemployed worker is
someone who either has worked previously and could still do
so (if s/he had a job), or someone who is qualified to work
(e.g., a recent graduate) but has not yet worked.
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direct instance of:
#$PersonTypeByActivity
direct specialization of:
#$Person
#$UnskilledWorker unskilled worker
A subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation.
Each instance of #$UnskilledWorker
is a person who holds a job that requires little skill or
training. Although such jobs are too various in kind for
this collection to constitute an instance of OccupationType
(q.v.) in its own right, certain specializations of #$UnskilledWorker
are occupation-types.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$PersonWithOccupation
Relations Between Employers And Employees
#$hasPositionIn has
position in
The predicate #$hasPositionIn
is used to relate a particular person to his or her position
in a particular organization. (#$hasPositionIn
PER ORG POS-TYPE) means that the #$Person PER works in
the #$Organization
ORG, in a position of type POS-TYPE. POS-TYPE may or may not
specifically indicate PER's occupational field or training;
that is, one individual occupying a position of #$Manager may
be a #$MarketingPerson, while another is an
#$ElectricalEngineer. In addition, POS-TYPE may or may not
correspond to an official `Job Title' (cf. #$hasTitle) or
be the primary occupation of PER. Contrast, e.g., (#$hasPositionIn
JerryLewis MarchOfDimes #$Spokesman) with (#$hasPositionIn
DellaStreet PerryMasonsLawOffice #$Secretary). Note that
assertions using #$hasPositionIn
should be properly time-constrained, for example with #$holdsIn.
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direct instance of:
#$FunctionalPredicate
#$TernaryPredicate
#$hasWorkers employing
The predicate #$hasWorkers
relates two instances of #$Agent. (#$hasWorkers
AGENT1 AGENT2) means that AGENT2 regularly works for AGENT1.
This predicate can be used to relate a business to its
employees, a master craftsman to his apprentices, or an
organization to its subcontractors. Note that (#$hasWorkers
AGENT1 AGENT2) does not necessarily imply that AGENT2 is an
employee of AGENT1, since AGENT2 may be working voluntarily
for AGENT1. Note also that assertions using #$hasWorkers
should usually be temporally qualified, since when one agent
regularly works for another, that agent usually does so only
for a portion of his, her, or its life, rather than for all
of it.
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direct instance of:
#$CotemporalObjectsSlot
#$IrreflexiveBinaryPredicate
direct specialization of: #$hasAgents #$worksWith
#$receivesServicesFrom
#$employees employee
(human relationship)
This predicate relates employers to their paid
employees. (#$employees
EMPLOYER WORKER) means WORKER regularly performs work for
EMPLOYER, and EMPLOYER pays WORKER for that work (often by
paycheck). EMPLOYER directs the manner in which WORKER
performs the work and may provide the workplace, tools,
capital, and other assistance for the work. EMPLOYER is
commonly an organization but may be a person. E.g., (#$employees
PerryMason PaulDrake). Uses of this predicate require proper
temporal qualification; e.g. (#$holdsIn (#$YearFn 1999) (#$employees
#$NBC-TVNetwork #$KatieCouric).
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direct instance of:
#$CotemporalObjectsSlot
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate #$InterPersonalRelationSlot
direct specialization of:
#$affiliatedWith
#$hasWorkers
#$contractorFor contractor for
The predicate #$contractorFor
relates a particular contractor to one of its clients. (#$contractorFor
CONTR CLIENT) means that CONTR has a contract with CLIENT to
supply some service to CLIENT. This relationship holds from
the inception to the completion of their contractual #$Agreement.
Either CONTR or CLIENT may be a person or an organization.
For example, a real estate agency may be a #$contractorFor
an individual whose house they are selling; an individual
graphic artist may be a #$contractorFor
a company whose Web pages she designs; an aircraft
manufacturer may be a #$contractorFor
the U.S. Department of Defense, to supply jet fighters.
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direct instance of:
#$CotemporalPredicate
#$IrreflexiveBinaryPredicate
direct specialization of:
#$doesBusinessWith
#$affiliatedWith
#$hasTitle has title
The predicate #$hasTitle
relates a person to a title that s/he holds in an
organization. (#$hasTitle
PER TITLE ORG) means that the #$Person PER has the
#$Title TITLE in
the #$Organization
ORG. Elements of #$Title are linguistic
objects usually related to positions or other qualifications
that a person has. A person generally has a title only while
actually holding the related position. A noteworthy class of
exceptions is #$CourtesyTitle
(q.v.), which include forms of address such as `Mr.' and
`Ms.', plus some titles which by courtesy the holders retain
for life, such as (in the U.S.) `President' and military
rank designations (e.g., officers retired from the armed
services). Note: Elements of #$Title belong to the
set #$LinguisticObject,
while positions themselves are represented by persons (cf.
#$PersonTypeByPositionInOrg).
Cf. #$hasPositionIn.
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direct instance of: #$TernaryPredicate
#$insIsJobOf occupation
(type predicate)
The predicate #$insIsJobOf
indicates a type of work done by a particular individual. (#$insIsJobOf
EVENT-TYPE PER) means that the person PER performs instances
of EVENT-TYPE as part of his or her job. E.g.,
#$KeithRichards performs instances of #$WritingMusic as part
of his work, and a #$SecurityGuard performs instances of
#$ProtectingSomething. Note that assertions using #$insIsJobOf
are true for some specific period of time, which may be
indicated with #$holdsIn. In practice
this predicate is usually used in tandem with
#$relationInstanceAll to make assertions about the type of
work done by a type of professional. For e.g.
(#$relationInstanceAll #$insIsJobOf
#$BaseballGame #$BaseballPlayer) means that it is the job of
a baseball player to play baseball games.
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direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate #$TypePredicate
#$actsInCapacity acts
in capacity
The predicate #$actsInCapacity
indicates the capacity in which an agent participates in
certain kinds of actions. (#$actsInCapacity
AGENT ROLE SCRIPT-TYPE CAP) means that the agent AGENT plays
the role ROLE in instances of SCRIPT-TYPE, and s/he does
that role in the capacity CAP. CAP is a #$CapacityAttribute
(q.v.) which describes the AGENT's mode of
participation--e.g., as a job, hobby, main function, support
function, etc. Contrast three cases of acts of
#$GreetingSomeone, when #$performedBy: (1)
instances of #$Receptionist, in their #$JobCapacity and
as their #$MainFunction;
(2) instances of #$FlightAttendant, in their #$JobCapacity but
as a #$SupportFunction; and (3) instances of
#$TrainEngineer, in a #$HobbyCapacity (though they do it
while working, it's not part of their job).
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direct instance of: #$QuaternaryPredicate
#$JobCapacity job capacity
the attribute of performing something as a job
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direct instance of:
#$AttributeValue
#$Individual
#$EmployeeTypeByWorkStatus employee
type by work status
A collection of collections of instances of #$Employee.
Each instance of #$EmployeeTypeByWorkStatus
is a classification commonly used by human resources
departments to describe the status of workers on the company
payroll. Note that these collections classify a person's
status in a job, rather than the position itself. Examples
of #$EmployeeTypeByWorkStatus
include #$Commissioned,
#$HourlyWorker,
#$FullTimeWorker,
#$PartTimeWorker,
#$TemporaryWorker.
Also see #$employeeStatus.
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direct instance of: #$CollectionType
direct specialization of:
#$Collection
#$SalariedWorker salaried
An instance of #$EmployeeTypeByWorkStatus
and a specialization of #$Employee.
Each #$SalariedWorker
is paid a salary for work by some agent.
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direct instance of:
#$EmployeeTypeByWorkStatus
direct specialization of:
#$Employee
#$FullTimeWorker full time
An instance of #$EmployeeTypeByWorkStatus
and specialization of #$Employee.
Each #$FullTimeWorker
is employeed full time by some agent.
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direct instance of:
#$EmployeeTypeByWorkStatus
direct specialization of:
#$Employee
#$PartTimeWorker part-time
An instance of #$EmployeeTypeByWorkStatus
and specialization of #$Employee.
Each #$PartTimeWorker
is employeed part time by some agent.
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direct instance of:
#$EmployeeTypeByWorkStatus
direct specialization of:
#$Employee
#$Commissioned commissioned
An instance of #$EmployeeTypeByWorkStatus
and specialization of #$Employee.
The collection of all instances of #$Employee
that are paid on a commission basis for work done.
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direct instance of:
#$EmployeeTypeByWorkStatus
direct specialization of:
#$Employee
#$HourlyWorker hourly work
An instance of #$EmployeeTypeByWorkStatus
and specialization of #$Employee.
Each #$HourlyWorker
is paid an hourly rate for work done.
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direct instance of:
#$EmployeeTypeByWorkStatus
direct specialization of:
#$Employee
#$TemporaryWorker temporary work
An instance of #$EmployeeTypeByWorkStatus
and a specialization of #$Employee.
Each #$TemporaryWorker
is a employeed with the expectation, by his employer, that
his employment will be temporary.
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direct instance of:
#$EmployeeTypeByWorkStatus
direct specialization of:
#$Employee
#$employeeStatus employee status
#$employeeStatus
relates a person to an instance of #$EmployeeTypeByWorkStatus.
For example (#$employeeStatus
WORKER #$FullTimeWorker)
means that WORKER has a full time job.
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direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate
direct specialization of:
#$isa
#$Employee employees (professionals)
A subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation.
Each instance of #$Employee
works directly for some business or other organization. This
collection is disjoint with #$SelfEmployedWorker.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$PersonWithOccupation
direct generalization of:
#$PartTimeWorker
#$NonProfitEmployee
#$PublicSectorEmployee
#$Commissioned
#$HourlyWorker
#$TemporaryWorker
#$SalariedWorker
#$FullTimeWorker
#$JobAttribute job attribute
A specialization of #$AttributeValue.
Each instance of #$JobAttribute
is a general property of a job or type of job. Instances of
#$JobAttribute
include #$BlueCollar,
#$WhiteCollar,
and #$FlexibleWorkingHours.
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direct instance of:
#$UnorderedAttributeType
direct specialization of:
#$AttributeValue
#$BlueCollar working class
An instance of #$JobAttribute.
#$BlueCollar
is an attribute of jobs that require a relatively high
proportion of manual/physical labor.
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direct instance of:
#$AttributeValue
#$Individual
#$WhiteCollar white collar
An instance of #$JobAttribute.
Jobs having this attribute generally require little or no
manual/physical labor, and usually are indoor jobs.
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direct instance of:
#$AttributeValue
#$Individual
#$jobAttributes job attributes
The predicate #$jobAttributes
describes a type of job as #$BlueCollar,
#$WhiteCollar,
#$Unionized, etc. (#$jobAttributes
JOBTYPE ATTRIBUTE) means that ATTRIBUTE describes a general
property of JOBTYPE. Note that this predicate applies to
instances of #$PersonTypeByOccupation
(kinds of occupations, as represented by the collections of
persons in those occupations), not to a particular job held
by some individual person.
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direct instance of: #$BinaryAttributePredicate
#$WorkAgreement jobs (agreements)
A specialization of both #$Agreement and
#$Obligation.
Each instance of #$WorkAgreement
is an agreement between an employer and an employee,
regarding the duties and remuneration which pertain to that
employee's job for that employer. Instances of #$WorkAgreement
consist of various #$subAgreements,
typically including instances of #$JobDescription,
#$CompensationPackage, and some #$CodeOfConduct.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Obligation #$Agreement
#$employingAgent employing agent
The predicate #$employingAgent
identifies the employer in a particular work agreement. (#$employingAgent
AGREE EMPLOYER) means that the #$Agent EMPLOYER has
entered into the #$WorkAgreement
AGREE with some employee, and AGREE obligates EMPLOYER to
compensate that employee for specified work. See also #$Agreement, #$obligatedAgent.
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direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate
direct specialization of:
#$agreeingAgents
#$obligatedAgent
#$employedAgent employed agent
The predicate #$employedAgent
identifies the particular employee who is covered by a
particular work agreement. (#$employedAgent
AGREE WORKER) means that AGREE is an instance of #$WorkAgreement
covering the employee WORKER.
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direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate
direct specialization of:
#$agreeingAgents
#$obligatedAgent
#$EmployeeHiring employee-hiring events
A specialization of both #$MakingAnAgreement
and #$OrganizationalTransferIn.
Each instance of #$EmployeeHiring
is an event in which some agent--either an organization or
an individual--hires a person to work as its employee. See
also #$employees,
#$WorkAgreement.
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direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$MakingAnAgreement #$OrganizationalTransferIn
#$EmploymentTermination termination
of employment
A specialization of both #$EndingAnAgreement and #$OrganizationalTransferOut.
Each instance of #$EmploymentTermination
is an event in which some employee ceases to work for his or
her employer. The termination may be initiated by either
party, or it may have been specified in the original #$WorkAgreement
(q.v.). Specializations of #$EmploymentTermination
include #$Resigning, #$EmployeeLayoff, and #$RetirementEvent.
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direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$EndingAnAgreement #$OrganizationalTransferOut
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