Cyc Merged
Ontology
E-Mail Comments to: opencyc-doc@cyc.com
Last
Update: 3/30/02
Copyright© 1996-2002. All rights reserved. See Terms of Usage.
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#$NoteOnCycMergedOntologyConstants note
on cyc merged ontology constants
This constant represents an important concept in
the SENSUS Ontology developed by ISI, and has been mapped
into the CYC Merged Ontology for the DARPA HPKB Project.
guid: c02ee79d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$Individual
#$SENSUS-Information1997 SENSUS-Information1997
SENSUS is a #$KnowledgeBase,
created by the Information Sciences Institute at USC. An
earlier version of it was known as Pangloss, and it was
developed primarily in order to support machine
translation.--OKeefe, Oct 15, 1997
guid: c02822fc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$KnowledgeBase
#$Individual
#$RSTRelation Rhetorical
Structure Theory relations
A set of predicates describing possible relations
between text constituents. These predicates are roughly
adopted from work in Rhetorical Structure Theory (Mann &
Thompson) and the SENSUS ontology (Hovy). Typically, these
relations serve as necessary coherence links between
segments of a text.
guid: c0d508e8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$PredicateCategory
direct specialization of:
#$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$background-RST background rst
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which makes
it easier to understand the content of or motivation for ARG1.
guid: bf1b6759-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$concessive-RST concessive rst
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when the speaker presents ARG1, and then
ARG2 is a seemingly inconguous statement, but where the
speaker wants ARG1 and ARG2 to be accepted as compatible.
Example: 'You're a good typist, but we've offered the job to
someone else.'.
guid: be3abdeb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$elaboration-RST elaboration rst
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which is an
elaboration of the information described in ARG1.
guid: bfd88463-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$elaborationProcessStep-RST elaboration
process step rst
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which is an
elaboration of the information described in ARG1 in the
sense that it is seen as a step in the process of doing ARG1.
guid: bf4ddebe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$elaborationGeneralSpecific-RST elaboration
general specific rst
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which is an
elaboration of the information described in ARG1 in the
sense that is gives more specific information about ARG1.
guid: c0257e5a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$elaborationAttribute-RST elaboration
attribute rst
The relation of elaboration attribute as used in
Rhetorical Structure Theory.
guid: bdbfb7ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$enablement-RST enablement rst
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which could
enable the listener to carry out the actions described in ARG1.
guid: bd91eb29-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$logicalCondition-RST logical
condition rst
The relation known as logical condition in
Rhetorical Structure Theory.
guid: bfe8cc79-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$means-RST means rst
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when ARG2 specifies a means of carrying out ARG1.
guid: bd63bbe6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$motivation-RST motivation rst
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which could
motivate the listener to carry out the actions described in ARG1.
guid: be8c8f57-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$volitionalCause-RST volitional
cause rst
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which could
be a cause of the volitional action described in ARG1.
guid: be9d9952-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate #$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$volitionalResult-RST volitional
result rst
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when ARG1 specifies something which could
be a volitional cause of ARG2.
guid: bdeec6cc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$nonVolitionalCause-RST non
volitional cause rst
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which could
be a cause of the nonvolitional action described in ARG1.
guid: c08d2a4f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$nonVolitionalResult-RST non
volitional result rst
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when ARG1 specifies something which could
be a nonvolitional cause of ARG2.
guid: c1029a4e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$purpose-RST purpose rst
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when ARG1 specifies something which is
initiated with the purpose of achieving ARG2. #$purpose-RST
is agnostic as to volition; see also #$volitionalCause-RST.
guid: bf68331b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$contrastive-RST contrastive rst
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when ARG1 and ARG2 are presented as being
similar in many ways but contrasting in ways the speaker
wants to point out.
guid: bea0d091-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$SymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$succession-RST succession rst
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when they describe events which are related
to one another by succession.
guid: c08e2032-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$TransitiveBinaryPredicate #$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$InanimateThing-Natural natural
inanimate things
An instance of #$ExistingStuffType,
and a specialization of #$InanimateThing.
Each instance of #$InanimateThing-Natural
is an #$InanimateThing
that was not created by an #$Agent in a #$PurposefulAction.
Thus, the #$MoonOfEarth, human #$Sweat staining a shirt, and
most footprints left by people in the snow belong to this
collection, but wood chips left around a tree being chopped
down, tailings left from a mine, and the #$ArcDeTriomphe do not.
guid: bda91555-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ExistingStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$InanimateThing #$NaturalTangibleStuff
direct generalization of:
#$InanimateObject-Natural
#$Stream #$Sea #$EarthStuff
#$Mineral #$PrecipitationParticle
#$PrecipitationCloud
#$InanimateObject-Natural natural
inanimate objects (naturally occurring tangible things)
A collection of natural (i.e. not man-made)
objects. It is a subclass of #$InanimateThing-Natural,
distinguished from it mainly by only having subclasses which
are existing object-types. Thus, #$CelestialObject would be
a subclass of this collection, but #$Dirt would not.
guid: bea9777b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$InanimateThing-Natural
direct generalization of:
#$AstronomicalObject
#$SubAtomicParticle
#$SpacePoint-Empirical points
in space (geometric forms)
A subcollection of #$SpaceRegion-Empirical.
Each instance of #$SpacePoint-Empirical
is a zero-dimensional object that belongs to the embedding
space of the empirical universe of the context. Examples
include the location of the center of mass of the universe
at the beginning of the twentieth century. Note that
instances of this collection are embedded in time. If time
is not a significant parameter (if in an atemporal or
temporally agnostic context) consider using #$SpacePoint.
guid: c07d5038-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$GenericShapeType #$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of: #$SpacePoint #$SpaceRegion-Empirical
#$TextString texts (AIT)
A subcollection of #$CharacterString.
Each instance of #$TextString
is a #$CharacterString
that constitutes a meaningful unit (with respect to some
actual language or other #$CommunicationConvention),
at or above the level of a word or multi-character symbol
(such as might be defined in a formal language or #$ComputerProgram-CW).
Thus, `er#q2' is a #$CharacterString
but not (as far as I know) a #$TextString,
whereas the sentence you are now reading is a #$TextString,
as is a paragraph, etc. Note that, as with all #$CharacterStrings,
a #$TextString
is a sequence of abstract symbols, not a tangible
instantiation of it.
guid: bfae4fb7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$CharacterString
direct generalization of:
#$SharedNote
#$NLSentence
#$IndexicalConcept indexicals
#$IndexicalConcepts
are those whose referent essentially depends on the occasion
of use and the user, e.g., #$Now, I, Here. When I use
the word 'I,' I am referring to myself (#$OKeefe), but 'I'
does not mean #$OKeefe, but refers to whomever the user is.
Similarly, #$Now denotes
the moment in which it is used.
guid: bf400028-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$Collection
direct specialization of:
#$Thing
#$Number-General numbers
(mathematical concepts)
A collection of mathematical objects. This is the
most general class of numbers, including #$RealNumbers, #$ComplexNumbers,
various values of infinity such as Aleph Null, and whatever
else might count as a number in mathematics.
guid: bf1c02f9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$MathematicalObject
direct generalization of:
#$ComplexNumber
#$PositiveNumber
#$PolarAttributeType polar
attribute type
A collection of collections, and a specialization
of #$PrimitiveAttributeType.
Each instance of #$PolarAttributeType
is a collection of attributes which can be possessed either
to a positive or to a negative degree. Thus, #$ElectricalCharge
would be an instance of this collection, whereas #$Wetness
and #$BedSize would not be.
guid: bf55f890-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$SecondOrderCollection
direct specialization of:
#$PrimitiveAttributeType
#$above-Generally above
(#$above-Generally
OBJ1 OBJ2) means that OBJ1 is more or less above OBJ2. To be
more precise: if OBJ1 would be within a cone-shaped set of
vectors within about 45 degrees of #$Up-Directly
pointing up from OBJ2 (see #$Up-Generally),
then (#$above-Generally
OBJ1 OBJ2). This is a wider predicate than #$above-Directly,
but narrower than #$above-Higher.
It probably most closely conforms to the English word 'above.'
guid: be69c623-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate #$SpatialPredicate
direct specialization of:
#$above-Higher
#$ConventionalClassificationSystem conventional
classification systems
The collection of all agreed-upon or conventional
classification systems, each consisting of #$ConventionalClassificationTypes.
In such systems, a change or reclassification is possible by
a decision of an authority, or by a changed social
agreement, without changing the intrinsic facts about the
actual objects in the category. (This applies only to named
or known classification systems or schemas, and not to
everything under the sun as might be urged by some
1990's-era postmodernist deconstructionist literary
criticism theorists.) #$ConventionalClassificationSystems
would include biological taxonomies, standard
classifications, data dictionaries, thesauri, cultural taboo
systems, military doctrinal systems, calendar systems, etc.
guid: c0d808c9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$AbstractInformationalThing #$Artifact-Intangible
direct generalization of:
#$KnowledgeBase
#$ConventionalClassificationType conventional
classification types
The collection of all those collections that each
correspond to a category in some agreed-upon or conventional
classification system (a #$ConventionalClassificationSystem)
used by people. In such systems, a change or
reclassification is possible by a decision of an authority,
or by a changed social agreement or custom, without changing
the intrinsic facts about the actual objects in the
category. (This applies only to named, known classification
systems or schemas, and not to everything under the sun as
might be urged by some 1990's-era postmodernist
deconstructionist literary criticism theorists.) #$ConventionalClassificationType
would include categories in biological taxonomy, standard
classifications, data dictionaries, thesauri, cultural taboo
classes, military doctrinal classes, named calendar
intervals, etc.
guid: bee6da31-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$VariableOrderCollection
#$CollectionType
direct specialization of:
#$Collection
direct generalization of:
#$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured
#$UnitOfMeasureTypeBySystem #$OrganismClassificationType
#$ConventionallyClassifiedDisjointTimeIntervalType #$TimeOfDayType
#$PersonTypeByCulture
#$FoodGroupType
#$Perceiving-Voluntary voluntary perception
A specialization of both #$Perceiving
and #$PurposefulAction.
Each instance of #$Perceiving-Voluntary
is a perceptual event in which the perceiving agent does not
merely passively receive sensory information, but actively
filters or directs how it is perceiving. Thus, searching for
a set of lost keys would be an instance of #$Perceiving-Voluntary,
as would straining to hear something, but merely hearing a
balloon pop next to one would _not_.
guid: be7798b4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$PurposefulPhysicalAction #$Perceiving
direct generalization of:
#$Reading #$ListeningDeliberately
#$WatchingSomething
#$LookingForSomething
#$Perceiving-Involuntary involuntary perception
A collection of mental events, a subcollection of
#$Perceiving.
Each instance of this collection is a perceptual event in
which the agent involuntarily receives senory information.
Thus, if I am in a room, and a light is turned on, I would
see the light reflected off of the walls, but without any
effort on my part. On the other hand, actively searching for
something with my eyes would not be an instance of this collection.
guid: bfc2df3a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$Perceiving
#$differentInAttribute different
in attribute
(#$differentInAttribute
THING1 THING2 ATTRIBUTE) means that the two things THING1
and THING2 do not have the same values of the #$AttributeType
ATTRIBUTE. Here 'the same' could mean complete identity or
close resemblance -- what this 'different' means, and what
the standard of closeness or identity is, depends on the
context, but #$differentInAttribute
and #$identicalInAttribute
cannot both be correctly asserted of the same two things.
See also #$resemblesInAttribute,
and #$identicalInAttribute.
guid: bda14357-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ComparisonWRTPredicate
#$IndividualLevelPredicate #$PartiallyCommutativeRelation
#$TernaryPredicate
#$resemblesInAttribute resembles
in attribute
(#$resemblesInAttribute
THING1 THING2 ATTRIBUTE) means that the two things THING1
and THING2 resemble each other in their values of the #$AttributeType
ATTRIBUTE. Here 'resembles' means has a 'close' or similar
value in that attribute -- what this means, and what the
standard of closeness or similarity is, depends on the
context. See also #$identicalInAttribute
and #$differentInAttribute.
guid: bfbb8404-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ComparisonWRTPredicate
#$PartiallyCommutativeRelation #$TernaryPredicate
#$identicalInAttribute identical
in attribute
(#$identicalInAttribute
THING1 THING2 ATTRIBUTE) means that the two things THING1
and THING2 have the same values of the #$AttributeType
ATTRIBUTE. Here 'the same' means complete identity or very
close resemblance -- what this means, and what the standard
of closeness or identity is, depends on the context, but #$identicalInAttribute
and #$differentInAttribute
cannot both be correctly asserted of the same two things.
See also #$resemblesInAttribute,
and #$differentInAttribute.
guid: c13b28fa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ComparisonWRTPredicate
#$PartiallyCommutativeRelation #$TernaryPredicate
Copyright© 1996-2002. All rights reserved. See Terms of Usage.