OpenCyc HomepageCyc Merged Ontology

E-Mail Comments to: opencyc-doc@cyc.com
Last Update: 3/30/02
Copyright© 1996-2002. All rights reserved. See Terms of Usage.

Return to Documentation Contents
Return to Vocabulary Contents


#$NoteOnCycMergedOntologyConstants   note on cyc merged ontology constants
This constant represents an important concept in the SENSUS Ontology developed by ISI, and has been mapped into the CYC Merged Ontology for the DARPA HPKB Project.
guid: c02ee79d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$Individual
#$SENSUS-Information1997   SENSUS-Information1997
SENSUS is a #$KnowledgeBase, created by the Information Sciences Institute at USC. An earlier version of it was known as Pangloss, and it was developed primarily in order to support machine translation.--OKeefe, Oct 15, 1997
guid: c02822fc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$KnowledgeBase #$Individual
#$RSTRelation   Rhetorical Structure Theory relations
A set of predicates describing possible relations between text constituents. These predicates are roughly adopted from work in Rhetorical Structure Theory (Mann & Thompson) and the SENSUS ontology (Hovy). Typically, these relations serve as necessary coherence links between segments of a text.
guid: c0d508e8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$PredicateCategory
direct specialization of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate  
#$background-RST   background rst
The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which makes it easier to understand the content of or motivation for ARG1.
guid: bf1b6759-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$concessive-RST   concessive rst
The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when the speaker presents ARG1, and then ARG2 is a seemingly inconguous statement, but where the speaker wants ARG1 and ARG2 to be accepted as compatible. Example: 'You're a good typist, but we've offered the job to someone else.'.
guid: be3abdeb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$elaboration-RST   elaboration rst
The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which is an elaboration of the information described in ARG1.
guid: bfd88463-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$elaborationProcessStep-RST   elaboration process step rst
The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which is an elaboration of the information described in ARG1 in the sense that it is seen as a step in the process of doing ARG1.
guid: bf4ddebe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$elaborationGeneralSpecific-RST   elaboration general specific rst
The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which is an elaboration of the information described in ARG1 in the sense that is gives more specific information about ARG1.
guid: c0257e5a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$elaborationAttribute-RST   elaboration attribute rst
The relation of elaboration attribute as used in Rhetorical Structure Theory.
guid: bdbfb7ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$enablement-RST   enablement rst
The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which could enable the listener to carry out the actions described in ARG1.
guid: bd91eb29-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$logicalCondition-RST   logical condition rst
The relation known as logical condition in Rhetorical Structure Theory.
guid: bfe8cc79-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$means-RST   means rst
The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG2 specifies a means of carrying out ARG1.
guid: bd63bbe6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$motivation-RST   motivation rst
The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which could motivate the listener to carry out the actions described in ARG1.
guid: be8c8f57-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$volitionalCause-RST   volitional cause rst
The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which could be a cause of the volitional action described in ARG1.
guid: be9d9952-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate #$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$volitionalResult-RST   volitional result rst
The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG1 specifies something which could be a volitional cause of ARG2.
guid: bdeec6cc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$nonVolitionalCause-RST   non volitional cause rst
The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which could be a cause of the nonvolitional action described in ARG1.
guid: c08d2a4f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$nonVolitionalResult-RST   non volitional result rst
The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG1 specifies something which could be a nonvolitional cause of ARG2.
guid: c1029a4e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$purpose-RST   purpose rst
The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG1 specifies something which is initiated with the purpose of achieving ARG2. #$purpose-RST is agnostic as to volition; see also #$volitionalCause-RST.
guid: bf68331b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$contrastive-RST   contrastive rst
The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG1 and ARG2 are presented as being similar in many ways but contrasting in ways the speaker wants to point out.
guid: bea0d091-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$SymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$succession-RST   succession rst
The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when they describe events which are related to one another by succession.
guid: c08e2032-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$TransitiveBinaryPredicate #$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$InanimateThing-Natural   natural inanimate things
An instance of #$ExistingStuffType, and a specialization of #$InanimateThing. Each instance of #$InanimateThing-Natural is an #$InanimateThing that was not created by an #$Agent in a #$PurposefulAction. Thus, the #$MoonOfEarth, human #$Sweat staining a shirt, and most footprints left by people in the snow belong to this collection, but wood chips left around a tree being chopped down, tailings left from a mine, and the #$ArcDeTriomphe do not.
guid: bda91555-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ExistingStuffType
direct specialization of: #$InanimateThing  #$NaturalTangibleStuff  
direct generalization of: #$InanimateObject-Natural #$Stream #$Sea #$EarthStuff #$Mineral #$PrecipitationParticle #$PrecipitationCloud
#$InanimateObject-Natural   natural inanimate objects (naturally occurring tangible things)
A collection of natural (i.e. not man-made) objects. It is a subclass of #$InanimateThing-Natural, distinguished from it mainly by only having subclasses which are existing object-types. Thus, #$CelestialObject would be a subclass of this collection, but #$Dirt would not.
guid: bea9777b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of: #$InanimateThing-Natural  
direct generalization of: #$AstronomicalObject #$SubAtomicParticle
#$SpacePoint-Empirical   points in space (geometric forms)
A subcollection of #$SpaceRegion-Empirical. Each instance of #$SpacePoint-Empirical is a zero-dimensional object that belongs to the embedding space of the empirical universe of the context. Examples include the location of the center of mass of the universe at the beginning of the twentieth century. Note that instances of this collection are embedded in time. If time is not a significant parameter (if in an atemporal or temporally agnostic context) consider using #$SpacePoint.
guid: c07d5038-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$GenericShapeType #$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of: #$SpacePoint  #$SpaceRegion-Empirical  
#$TextString   texts (AIT)
A subcollection of #$CharacterString. Each instance of #$TextString is a #$CharacterString that constitutes a meaningful unit (with respect to some actual language or other #$CommunicationConvention), at or above the level of a word or multi-character symbol (such as might be defined in a formal language or #$ComputerProgram-CW). Thus, `er#q2' is a #$CharacterString but not (as far as I know) a #$TextString, whereas the sentence you are now reading is a #$TextString, as is a paragraph, etc. Note that, as with all #$CharacterStrings, a #$TextString is a sequence of abstract symbols, not a tangible instantiation of it.
guid: bfae4fb7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ObjectType
direct specialization of: #$CharacterString  
direct generalization of: #$SharedNote #$NLSentence
#$IndexicalConcept   indexicals
#$IndexicalConcepts are those whose referent essentially depends on the occasion of use and the user, e.g., #$Now, I, Here. When I use the word 'I,' I am referring to myself (#$OKeefe), but 'I' does not mean #$OKeefe, but refers to whomever the user is. Similarly, #$Now denotes the moment in which it is used.
guid: bf400028-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$Collection
direct specialization of: #$Thing  
#$Number-General   numbers (mathematical concepts)
A collection of mathematical objects. This is the most general class of numbers, including #$RealNumbers, #$ComplexNumbers, various values of infinity such as Aleph Null, and whatever else might count as a number in mathematics.
guid: bf1c02f9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ObjectType
direct specialization of: #$MathematicalObject  
direct generalization of: #$ComplexNumber #$PositiveNumber
#$PolarAttributeType   polar attribute type
A collection of collections, and a specialization of #$PrimitiveAttributeType. Each instance of #$PolarAttributeType is a collection of attributes which can be possessed either to a positive or to a negative degree. Thus, #$ElectricalCharge would be an instance of this collection, whereas #$Wetness and #$BedSize would not be.
guid: bf55f890-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$SecondOrderCollection
direct specialization of: #$PrimitiveAttributeType  
#$above-Generally   above
(#$above-Generally OBJ1 OBJ2) means that OBJ1 is more or less above OBJ2. To be more precise: if OBJ1 would be within a cone-shaped set of vectors within about 45 degrees of #$Up-Directly pointing up from OBJ2 (see #$Up-Generally), then (#$above-Generally OBJ1 OBJ2). This is a wider predicate than #$above-Directly, but narrower than #$above-Higher. It probably most closely conforms to the English word 'above.'
guid: be69c623-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate #$SpatialPredicate
direct specialization of: #$above-Higher
#$ConventionalClassificationSystem   conventional classification systems
The collection of all agreed-upon or conventional classification systems, each consisting of #$ConventionalClassificationTypes. In such systems, a change or reclassification is possible by a decision of an authority, or by a changed social agreement, without changing the intrinsic facts about the actual objects in the category. (This applies only to named or known classification systems or schemas, and not to everything under the sun as might be urged by some 1990's-era postmodernist deconstructionist literary criticism theorists.) #$ConventionalClassificationSystems would include biological taxonomies, standard classifications, data dictionaries, thesauri, cultural taboo systems, military doctrinal systems, calendar systems, etc.
guid: c0d808c9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ObjectType
direct specialization of: #$AbstractInformationalThing  #$Artifact-Intangible  
direct generalization of: #$KnowledgeBase
#$ConventionalClassificationType   conventional classification types
The collection of all those collections that each correspond to a category in some agreed-upon or conventional classification system (a #$ConventionalClassificationSystem) used by people. In such systems, a change or reclassification is possible by a decision of an authority, or by a changed social agreement or custom, without changing the intrinsic facts about the actual objects in the category. (This applies only to named, known classification systems or schemas, and not to everything under the sun as might be urged by some 1990's-era postmodernist deconstructionist literary criticism theorists.) #$ConventionalClassificationType would include categories in biological taxonomy, standard classifications, data dictionaries, thesauri, cultural taboo classes, military doctrinal classes, named calendar intervals, etc.
guid: bee6da31-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$VariableOrderCollection #$CollectionType
direct specialization of: #$Collection  
direct generalization of: #$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured #$UnitOfMeasureTypeBySystem #$OrganismClassificationType #$ConventionallyClassifiedDisjointTimeIntervalType #$TimeOfDayType #$PersonTypeByCulture #$FoodGroupType
#$Perceiving-Voluntary   voluntary perception
A specialization of both #$Perceiving and #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$Perceiving-Voluntary is a perceptual event in which the perceiving agent does not merely passively receive sensory information, but actively filters or directs how it is perceiving. Thus, searching for a set of lost keys would be an instance of #$Perceiving-Voluntary, as would straining to hear something, but merely hearing a balloon pop next to one would _not_.
guid: be7798b4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of: #$PurposefulPhysicalAction  #$Perceiving  
direct generalization of: #$Reading #$ListeningDeliberately #$WatchingSomething #$LookingForSomething
#$Perceiving-Involuntary   involuntary perception
A collection of mental events, a subcollection of #$Perceiving. Each instance of this collection is a perceptual event in which the agent involuntarily receives senory information. Thus, if I am in a room, and a light is turned on, I would see the light reflected off of the walls, but without any effort on my part. On the other hand, actively searching for something with my eyes would not be an instance of this collection.
guid: bfc2df3a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of: #$Perceiving  
#$differentInAttribute   different in attribute
(#$differentInAttribute THING1 THING2 ATTRIBUTE) means that the two things THING1 and THING2 do not have the same values of the #$AttributeType ATTRIBUTE. Here 'the same' could mean complete identity or close resemblance -- what this 'different' means, and what the standard of closeness or identity is, depends on the context, but #$differentInAttribute and #$identicalInAttribute cannot both be correctly asserted of the same two things. See also #$resemblesInAttribute, and #$identicalInAttribute.
guid: bda14357-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ComparisonWRTPredicate #$IndividualLevelPredicate #$PartiallyCommutativeRelation #$TernaryPredicate
#$resemblesInAttribute   resembles in attribute
(#$resemblesInAttribute THING1 THING2 ATTRIBUTE) means that the two things THING1 and THING2 resemble each other in their values of the #$AttributeType ATTRIBUTE. Here 'resembles' means has a 'close' or similar value in that attribute -- what this means, and what the standard of closeness or similarity is, depends on the context. See also #$identicalInAttribute and #$differentInAttribute.
guid: bfbb8404-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ComparisonWRTPredicate #$PartiallyCommutativeRelation #$TernaryPredicate
#$identicalInAttribute   identical in attribute
(#$identicalInAttribute THING1 THING2 ATTRIBUTE) means that the two things THING1 and THING2 have the same values of the #$AttributeType ATTRIBUTE. Here 'the same' means complete identity or very close resemblance -- what this means, and what the standard of closeness or identity is, depends on the context, but #$identicalInAttribute and #$differentInAttribute cannot both be correctly asserted of the same two things. See also #$resemblesInAttribute, and #$differentInAttribute.
guid: c13b28fa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ComparisonWRTPredicate #$PartiallyCommutativeRelation #$TernaryPredicate


Copyright© 1996-2002. All rights reserved. See Terms of Usage.