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T¢ o=o=o=o=o=¢¢ MEMBER E-MAIL ADDRESSES¢¢ We have asked for email addresses. ¢ These are what we have to$IJ} date:¢¢ Alan Sharkis¢ asharkis@erols.com¢ em421840@nassaulibrary.org¢¢ Bob Woolley¢ rwoolley@pacbell.net¢¢ Ch$א}arles A. Cole¢ cacole2@juno.com¢ 110046.3006@compuserve.com¢¢ Dane Stegman¢ cf943@freenet.buffalo.edu¢¢ David $ב}Oldfield¢ d_oldfield_sr@juno.com¢¢ Frank Kuzloski¢ fkuzlosk@suffolk.lib.ny.us¢¢ Harry Tuthill¢ hgtut2@juno.com$ג}¢¢ Jack Gedalius¢ jgedalius@aol.com¢ yoel97@aol.com¢¢ John Hardie¢ jhardie@pipeline.com¢¢ Larry Tischbein (%Dr$ד}. Bob)¢ whiteoak@mail.enter.net¢¢ *Larry White¢ LWhite6497@aol.com¢¢ Mel Levine¢ pv419346@nassaulibrary.org¢¢ *$ה}Patrick Mulvey¢ pulvey@ascent.net¢¢ Robert DeLetter¢ robert.de.letter@skynet.be¢¢ Ron Fetzer¢ el032627@nassaul$ו}ibrary.org¢¢ Thomas S. Wray¢ salthoh@webtv.net¢¢ Thomas Andrews¢ tandrews16@delphi.com¢¢ Wilbur J. Zemlica¢ ze$ז}mliw@msn.fullfeed.com¢¢ * Additions and/or corrections are¢ marked with an asterisk. Please send¢ any further addit$ח}ions and/or¢ corrections to Alan Sharkis. ¢ ¢ Thanks.¢¢ o=o=o=o=o=¢¢k. Please send¢ any further addit$ U The OL' HACKERS Disk Newsletter Help¢ File¢ ②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②¢¢¢ The OL'HACKERS Disk-ba(י}sed Newsletter¢ is very simple for you to use. All¢ you have to do is make the selections¢ you'd like and read them.¢¢ Ma(כ}king a selection from 1 thru 4, you¢ can Exit to Basic or Exit to Dos, or¢ even RUN the other side of the disk.¢¢ Selections(ל} B thru Z are news¢ articles. To read the whole¢ newsletter, use Selection A. To read¢ only part of the (מ}newsletter, select¢ each file in any order by using the¢ letter in front of it on the main¢ menu screen. If you wan(נ}t to change¢ one of your selections, use the¢ BACKSPACE key to remove selections¢ until you reach the one to (ס} be¢ changed, and start from there with¢ your new selections. The other¢ screen editing function keys will not¢ wor(ע}k from the main menu. When you¢ are finished selecting, press RETURN¢ and start reading.¢¢ As you can see, there are p(פ}auses in¢ the text so it's much easier to read.¢ When a selection is made, the article¢ is sent to the screen with page(צ}¢ breaks. To stop reading an article¢ before the end, press [CONTROL]-[C]¢ or the trigger of Joystick #1. To¢ contin(ק}ue to the next page, press any¢ other key, or move the stick down. ¢ At the end of the last article¢ selected, you(ר} are sent back to the¢ Newsletter Main Menu.¢¢ About The Printer¢ ②②②②② ②②② ②②②②②②②¢¢ When you make y(ש}our selection of the¢ file you would like to read you will¢ be presented with the following:¢¢ ףל§enu ףס§rint ףפ§ead:¢(ת}¢ If you choose ףס§ then, and you don't¢ have a printer on line you will come¢ back to these options. Then you¢ should(ן} use the ףפ§ option to read the¢ file online. If however you either¢ made a mistake or don't care to read¢ or print the(ך} file you selected you¢ can go right back to the main menu¢ just by hitting ףל§. If you choose¢ ףס§ and you have not (ם}yet configured¢ your printer, you will do that before¢ printing.¢¢ When the newsletter program is¢ formatting files f(ף}or the printer, or¢ while it is printing, press CONTROL¢ and P to pause printing. To resume,¢ press any key. To cance(ץ}l printing,¢ press CONTROL and C.¢¢ About Configuring Your Printer¢ ②②②②② ②②②②②②②②②②② ②②②② ②②②②②②②¢¢ The printer config(§}uration section is¢ reached the first time you print any¢ file in a session. Explanations of¢ the configuration sectio(∧}n can be¢ accessed from the print menu.¢¢¢you print any¢ file in a session. Explanations of¢ the configuration sectio( - ①②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②❎¢ |áááקΦσáנ∮ºáזβπδσ≥áמσ≈≤áכσ⌠⌠σ≥áááá|¢ |áááááááááב∩ϕ≡∩≤Θ∈τáפ∩∩ϕáááááááááá|¢ ə②②②②②②②②,α}②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②⇨¢¢¢ ףד§pson Fx86e and Epson¢ Compatibles. Panasonic¢ Star. Star Nx1000 Gemini¢ ,β} Sakata Sp100¢¢ ףIJ§tari 1025 Printer¢¢ ףמ§on Epson Compatibles and¢ Daisy Wheel Printers¢¢ ףס§rint Ro,Γ}om Help File¢¢ ף™§ Return To The Main Menu¢ ףמ§on Epson Compatibles and¢ Daisy Wheel Printers¢¢ ףס§rint Ro, / The Composing Room Help File¢ ②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②¢Before you can Print a file you have¢to configure your 0Σ}own Printer.To Do so¢there are 2 selections that will help¢to make it easy as possibile for you.¢If you have one of the pri0σ}nters listed¢in selection ףד§ then your printer¢will be set up for NLQ and DOUBLE¢strike. If you don't have one of0µ} the¢printers that's in Selection ףד§ you¢have to use selection ףמ§. This is to¢ensure that all printers will work¢wit0τ}hout any problems with The WQNR¢Disk Based News Letter. Now once¢your printer has been configured you¢will NOT 0Φ}have to reconfigure your¢printer as long as you are have your¢News letter running. Not only that the¢printer will stay 0Θ}configured to what¢ever configuration you selected as¢long as you have your printers power¢turned on or until you 0Ω}reconfigure¢it. Once you have configured your¢printer all you have to do is hit the¢ף™§ to Return to the Main menu.¢¢ 0 |¢ o=o=o=o=o=¢¢ PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE¢ BY Jack Gedalius¢¢ November-December¢¢ At t4∮}he November meeting, we had a few¢ guests. We had PAT MULVEY's wife¢ DIANE in attendance. Also, we had¢ DAVID OLDFIE4ϕ}LD from Connecticut. We¢ also had FRANK WALTERS from Panama¢ City, Florida. He demonstrated B-¢ Calc, a great spr4∈}eadsheet program.¢ In using this program, he used the¢ Atari CX-85 Numeric Keypad, for which¢ he made a special handler pr4∩}ogram to¢ control the cursor movement and¢ recalculating functions using this¢ keypad. To do this modification, h4≡}e¢ used the Vertical Blank Interrupt of¢ the Atari. He showed many samples of¢ how to use this spreadsheet program.¢ He w4±}as a positive asset to the¢ meeting. David Oldfield talked about¢ putting Antic magazines on the¢ Internet. R4≥}ON FETZER demonstrated¢ the ABBUC disk #54. The disk had a¢ new cover page that was quite¢ impressive. The di4≤}sk also had B¢ Copier, Label Maker, a picture of a¢ Dalmatian dog, a BobTerm driver for¢ 80 columns, and a music prog4⌠}ram. We¢ were very fortunate to have so many¢ out-of-town members present at our¢ meeting.¢¢ At the December meeting,4⌡} we began¢ selling Atari equipment which was¢ given to us by the PIGNATO family.¢ JOHN HARDIE brought down some 4÷}new¢ equipment -- 1020 plotters and 1027¢ printers. We gave away a 1020¢ plotter as a door prize. We¢ dis4≈}cussed our winter dinner which¢ will be held February 12, 1999 at¢ Lambrou's. This will be our¢ Valentine's4°} Day Dinner.¢¢ This is the time to renew your¢ membership! 1999 will be a great¢ year! Membership is only $24.¢¢4∙} ALAN SHARKIS discussed the POOL DISK¢ TOO, recently shipped from Europe,¢ which contains two CD-ROMs with¢ almost 4·}every Atari program ever made!¢ Ron Fetzer demonstrated ABBUC Disk¢ #24 which contains a program called¢ Mike's Slot M4√}achine, which was a¢ German-style slot machine. The disk¢ also had order forms for schematics¢ and manuals for Atari X4ⁿ}L and Atari ST¢ machines. It also had Polish music.¢ It had a game called Snap II, which¢ was a labyrinth. John 4²}Hardie¢ discussed the success of the World of¢ Atari '98 in Las Vegas this past¢ summer. Next year it will be called¢ 4³}the Classic Game Expo 1999 and it¢ will be held at the Plaza Hotel in¢ Las Vegas.¢¢ I wish everybody a happy holi4¯}day¢ season.¢¢ BYE FOR NOW,¢ JACK GEDALIUS¢¢ o=o=o=o=o=¢¢¢ 4 c¢ o=o=o=o=o=¢¢ MINUTES OF OHAUG MEETING 11/28/98¢¢ President JACK GEDALIUS announced¢ thqt the next meeti9⇧}ng will be held¢ December 12, 1998 at 12:45 PM in the¢ library. Questions were raised about¢ the election and a short 9⇩}discussion¢ followed.¢¢ TREASURERS REPORT:¢ We are in the black.¢¢ POTPOURRI:¢ JACK got an email from CHRIS DAVIS¢ which 9⇨}he read to the members raising¢ questions about using a SCSI ZIP¢ drive with a Black Box. A discussion¢ followed.¢¢ LIB9⇦}RARY:¢ HAROLD PEGLER is working on the new¢ library directory disk.¢¢ DEMONSTRATIONS:¢ FRANK WALTERS, our member from Panam9❎}a¢ City, FLA came to our meeting. Frank¢ is a pilot and he flew his own plane¢ up to New York. Frank demoed a¢ sprea9╱}d sheet from Analog magazine¢ called BCALC. This is one of the¢ easiest spread sheets around. Frank¢ uses this spr9◆}ead sheet in conjunction¢ with his BBS. The spread sheet has¢ 64 cells across and 64 cells down for¢ a total of 4096 cells9✓}. In order to¢ make an entry into the spread sheet¢ easier Frank uses a keypad. Frank¢ wrote a keypad driver that9 } enables¢ him to redefine any key on the keypad¢ to whatever he wants it to be. The¢ keypad driver checks the key pad evey9
}¢ 1/60 second during the vertical blank¢ interrupt for a key press. For¢ instance he redefined 4 keys to be¢ cursor9♪} keys to move up or down or¢ left or right. The nice part of the¢ driver is that you can very easily do¢ this to your o9 }wn key pad yourself. ¢ You can incorporate commands that you¢ frequently need on the keypad. The¢ keypad driver reside9
}s in page 6 of¢ the memory and thus does not disturb¢ the program. Frank said you can¢ customize the keypad to any 9}program¢ that you wish provided it does not¢ use the unused area of page 6 (very¢ few programs do!) Frank showed how¢9} he uses BCALC and the keypad with¢ football scores and how he calculates¢ football standings. He prints them¢ out on 9⓪}his BBS. He showed us how he¢ uses BCALC for logging his flying¢ time and how he calculates various¢ other parameter9①}s that are needed when¢ flying. It was quite an elaborate¢ display and yet it is all done by the¢ spread sheet. Finally,9②} Frank showed¢ us how this could be used with credit¢ cards. He had several fictional¢ credit accounts and he showed u9③}s how¢ you could keep track of your balance¢ and payments on each account. This¢ program is also great for tracking¢ 9④}your investments of stocks and bonds¢ and the interest payments of various¢ accounts.¢¢ RON FETZER demod ABBUC disk #54 fr9⑤}om¢ Germany. The introduction screen on¢ this disk is an unbelievable great¢ graphic and sound demo by JIRI¢ BERN9⑥}ARSEK. On this disk the ABBUC¢ Club now writes most information in¢ German and also in English. This is¢ a very good 9⑦}idea because many users¢ do not read German.¢¢ We saw a driver for the XP80 column¢ display. Another demo was a ML9⑧}¢ reader that gives you the beginning¢ and end addresses and other info on¢ ML programs. Very useful when¢ writin9⑨}g assembly language. We also¢ saw the BBK file copier that copies¢ any number of designated files one¢ after the ot9ə}her. This comes from¢ Analog. The copier does not copy¢ DUP.SYS or DOS.SYS. Another program¢ showed how to use you9}r computer to¢ become a DVM (Digital Volt meter).¢ The author, it seems, had always had¢ trouble by getting his Ch9}ristmas¢ light bulbs stolen. He built this¢ DVM and this senses when a bulb is¢ removed and sounds an alarm. The¢9} diagram for this project is in the¢ ABBUC Magazine #54. We also heard a¢ very nice music selection that was¢ not pro9}duced with midi.¢¢ The Floppydoc in ABBUC reports that¢ he is producing a new template to¢ create a new R-TIME-8 chip 9}that will¢ not have the 2YK problem. It will be¢ ready in 1999 and they estimate it¢ will sell for about 30DM. Th9 }e¢ original R-TIME-8 chip is out of¢ production.¢¢ We also saw a shoot-up game. It¢ looked vey interesting.¢¢ Ther9!}e were no door prizes.¢¢ The next meeting is December 12, 1998¢ at 12:45 PM in the Library.¢¢ o=o=o=o=o=¢¢¢¢ 8 z¢ o=o=o=o=o=¢¢ MINUTES OHAUG MEETING 12/12/98¢¢ JACK GEDALIUS opened the meeting.¢¢ TREASURY REPORT:¢ We =#}are in the black. Also, a¢ reminder that all dues must be sent¢ in by members.¢¢ AL SHARKIS read a letter to membe=$}rs¢ about a method of organizing OHAUG¢ newsletter disks and hard copy from¢ them and a letter from JOE HICSWA. He¢ also=%} showed the members the packaging¢ for Pool Disk Too, and spoke about it¢ for a while. RON FETZER got a call¢ from FRANK W=&}ALTERS, seeking hardware.¢ RON also had a letter from JOHN¢ POWELL, who wishes to dispose of some¢ hardware.¢¢ JACK d='}iscussed the Valentine Day¢ dinner and the members considered¢ going to a different place. They¢ decided to retur=(}n to Lambrou's but be¢ seated on the right side. The date¢ was decided as Friday, February 12,¢ 1999 about 7:30 PM.¢¢ DE=)}MONSTRATIONS:¢ RON FETZER demoed an ABBUC yearly¢ 1998 disk. The print magazine that¢ came with this has a 1998 lis=*}t of¢ internatonal vendors and developers.¢ RON went on to Mike's Slot Machine #2¢ on the back side of this disk which¢ i=+}s a very confusing game.(Library¢ #737)¢¢ Then RON demoed SonderMagazin #24¢ disk with the usual ABBUC menu and¢ t=,}ext files on the front and a game¢ called Snap 2 on the back. RON¢ played a music piece from Poland¢ which i=-}s on the front and then¢ another called "Around the World".¢ Then he tried a game called Snap¢ 2.(Library #738)¢=.}¢ DOOR PRIZES:¢ RON FETZER declined the Atari 1020¢ color printer.¢¢ JACK GEDALIUS declined it also.¢¢ HAROLD PEGLER accep=/}ted the Atari 1020¢ color printer.¢¢ JOHN HARDIE chose a prize.¢¢ ALAN SHARKIS chose a prize -- Video¢ Title Shop.¢¢ HARRY =0}TUTHILL declined.¢¢ ALAN ATKINS chose Megaprint II for a¢ prize.¢¢ RON FETZER chose the Supersketch game¢ for a prize.¢¢ Nex=1}t meeting is January 2, 1999, at¢ the library.¢¢ o=o=o=o=o=¢¢¢ < N¢ o=o=o=o=o=¢¢ Y2K Revisited¢¢ It seems as if Y2K, and reactions to¢ it, won't go away. I've A3}seen joke¢ after joke as well as serious comment¢ after serious comment about the Y2K¢ problem in the time between the lasA4}t¢ issue and this writing. Some of what¢ has been written amounts to hysteria.¢ Although my comments to Joe Hicswa¢ werenA5}'t, I believe, hysterical in¢ nature, it seems that I may have been¢ a little too alarmist on some points.¢ Joe sent me aA6} letter in which he said¢ that we're gaining publicity for¢ Atari user groups, and he thanked Tom¢ Andrews and me for thA7}e new newsletter¢ format. He also enclosed a letter¢ from A Mr. Thomas J. Pazel. Mr.¢ Pazel, who might have been A8}a former¢ JACG member, describes himself as a¢ computer professional for the past¢ nineteen years with current mainframeA9}¢ experience. I bow to that¢ experience, since my rather limited¢ mainframe experience goes back many¢ years.A:} Also, some of what I said¢ about mainframes and the Y2K problem¢ stemmed from other writings and¢ comments that A;}I now see as somewhat¢ hysterical.¢¢ Mr. Pazel states that the general¢ case with mainframes is that their OS¢ doesn't A<} cause a Y2K issue. He feels¢ that those mainframes (probably the¢ majority in operation today) that run¢ IBM's MVS OS hA=}ave the ability to¢ handle four digit years and have had¢ it for at least ten years.¢ Mainframes, as Mr. PazeA>}l also points¢ out, can now go through power on¢ reset and initial program load in¢ minutes. Major upgrades can be A?} done¢ in a couple of hours. If such is the¢ case, and I believe Mr. Pazel when he¢ says it is, there is no more¢ iA@}ncentive for organizations to avoid¢ fixing their mainframe's Y2K¢ problems, if any such problems exist.¢ Yes, proAA}grammers might have to be¢ hired for big bucks. But the¢ alternatives can cause major problems¢ for those organizAB}ations.¢¢ Mr. Pazel also criticizes my letter¢ to Joe Hicswa, most justifiably,¢ where I imply that a mainframe inAC}¢ Organization A may give another¢ mainframe in Organization B a report¢ that Organization A is about to go¢ bankruAD}pt as a result of false¢ information generated in Organization¢ A due to a Y2K problem. He states,¢ correctly, thAE}at human intervention¢ should prevent such a situation from¢ happening. Hopefully, responsible¢ people will step in AF}where this is¢ necessary. I'm reminded of a¢ situation many years ago. Our¢ military had built a series ofAG} radar¢ installations (the DEW Line) to¢ provide a distant early warning¢ against missle attacks by the former¢AH} Soviet Union. One day, a blip showed¢ up on the radar, quickly followed by¢ more and still more! It looked as¢ though AI} the Soviets were throwing¢ their entire arsenal at us, and then,¢ MANY TIMES their entire arsenal! ¢ When the ofAJ}ficers watching this¢ phenomenon finally realized that the¢ Soviets couldn't possibly have so¢ many missles and beganAK} to doubt that¢ such an attack was realy taking¢ place, the resulting alert was called¢ off. It was discovered that tAL}he DEW¢ system was responding to the moon¢ coming over the horizon, an event¢ against which it hadn't been¢ AM}programmed! In short, we need¢ responsible people in responsible¢ positions who will intervene when¢ somethinAN}g that appears dire is really¢ the result of a Y2K problem. As Mr.¢ Pazel says, "My point here is that¢ most (if not allAO}) companies are aware¢ of their Y2K exposures and will have¢ steps in place to handle any¢ unforseen problems. ThoAP}se that don't¢ probably don't have much of a future,¢ anyway."¢¢ Mr. Pazel does, however, recognize¢ that there are systemAQ}s out there with¢ Y2K problems. Those problematic¢ systems are not limited to¢ mainframes. They may alsoAR} include¢ PCs and other computers and the¢ software that runs on them. One¢ illustration was brought home to meAS}¢ during a coffee break at our last¢ OHAUG meeting. Some of the guys were¢ discussing Timewise, a time-¢ manageAT}ment program Atari put out some¢ years ago. Timewise has a Y2K¢ problem. However, if the only one¢ dependent on AU} the output of the¢ program is the owner of the program,¢ that owner needs to know that he/she¢ can substitute the yeaAV}r 1972 for 2000¢ and the program will work properly.¢ Problem solved at the one-operator,¢ one-dependent level. Or, taAW}ke the¢ case of electric typewriters (or¢ other appliances, for that matter)¢ with imbedded electronics for¢AX} maintaining time and date. Joe¢ Hicswa had such a typewriter and sent¢ it back to the factory because it had¢ a Y2K AY} problem. Joe didn't make it¢ clear in his post card to me whether¢ the typewriter was recalled by its¢ manufacturer, oAZ}r he discovered the¢ problem and sent it back. In either¢ case, the manufacturer is going to¢ remedy the situation.A[} I wonder how¢ much brand loyalty that manufacturer¢ could muster if it were publicized¢ that they refused to remedy sucA\}h Y2K¢ problems in their equipment!¢¢ You'd have to be living in a cave on¢ a mountaintop (with no radio, no TV¢ and no A]} laptop) to claim that you're¢ not aware of Y2K these days.¢ Everybody has probably heard and seen¢ the same jokes A^}and dire reports that¢ I've seen. Acting responsibly to fix¢ the problem -- or at least¢ maintaining a calm dA_}emeanor when¢ faced with the results of that¢ problem not getting fixed elsewhere -¢ - should be everyA`}one's¢ responsibility. Closer to our Atari¢ 8-bit hearts, for those of us who use¢ SpartaDos and an RTime-8 cartridge,¢ fAa}or example, should be a willingness¢ to upgrade from version 3.2d to¢ 3.2g.¢¢ Thanks, Joe Hicswa, and thanks to¢ TAb}homas Pazel for pointing out what I¢ had overstated. I invite comment, as¢ usual, on this or any other topic¢ raised inAc} this newsletter.¢¢ Alan Sharkis¢ Editor¢¢ o=o=o=o=o=¢¢¢¢ @ G¢ o=o=o=o=o=¢¢ All I Know About Computers¢ I Learned From My Mom¢¢ This article comes from the NEe}ovember¢ 1998 issue of the JACG Newsletter. ¢ It was submitted by DAVE GOODWIN.¢¢ For years I badgered my mother with¢ quEf}estions about whether Santa Claus¢ is a real person or not. Her answer¢ was always, "Well... you asked for¢ the presenEg}ts and they came, didn't¢ they?" I finally understood the full¢ meaning of her reply when I heard the¢ definition of a Eq}⇩≥⇨ B% ⇦ DOS SYSB* ) DUP SYSB> S NEWSLTR BASB◆ æ MAINMENUHLPB✓ Ö WELCOME SCRB╱ í WELCOME BASB① º CWHO TXTB╱ Õ DMEETDATTXTB⇩ ® AUTORUN SYSB
ij KEMAIL TXTB⑤ ט HELP DOCB⇦ ∞ PRESSPRTMNUB✓ π PRESSPRTHLPB⑤ δ EPRESMESTXTB" ⇧GNOVMIN TXTB⓪ "⇧HDECMIN TXTB1 2⇧IY2K02 TXTB d⇧JMOM TXTBe è⇧DARKHORSBASbæ ±⇧DRAW b é⇩RAM b; ï⇩DRAWPOKEARB⇨Q ה⇩CHESS BAS⇨2 ⑧⇨PANZER BAS⇨E J⇨WEBSTER BAS⇨B Å⇨SKULLS BAS⇨- ע⇨FEDMES TXT virtual device: "A¢ software or hardware entity which¢ responds to commands in a manner¢ indistinguishable from Er} the real¢ device." Mother was telling me that¢ Santa Claus is avertual person¢ (simulated by loving parents) Es}who¢ responds to requests from children in¢ a manner indistinguishable from the¢ real saint.¢¢ Mother also taughtEt} the¢ IF...THEN...ELSE structure: "If it's¢ snowing, then put your boots on¢ before you go to school; otherwisEu}e¢ just wear your shoes."¢¢ Mother explained the difference¢ between batch and transaction¢ processing: "We'llEv} wash the white¢ clothes when we get enough of them to¢ make a load, but we'll wash these¢ socks out right now by hanEw}d because¢ you'll need them this afternoon."¢¢ Mother taught me about linked lists.¢ Once, for a birthday party, she laid¢Ex} out a treasure hunt of ten hidden¢ clues, with each clue telling where¢ to find the next one, the last one¢ leadingEy} to the treasure. She then¢ gave us the first clue.¢¢ Mother understood about parity¢ errors. When she counted socEz}ks after¢ doing the laundry, she expected to¢ find an even number and groaned when¢ only one sock of a pair emerged froE{}m¢ the washing machine. Later she¢ applied the principles of redundancy¢ engineering to this problem by buying¢ our sE|}ocks three identical pairs at a¢ time. This greatly increased the¢ odds of being able to come up with at¢ least one matE}}ching pair.¢¢ Mother had all of us children write¢ Christmas thank you notes to¢ Grandmother, one after another, oE~}n a¢ single sheet of paper which was then¢ mailed in a single envelope with a¢ single stamp. This was obviously an¢ inE}stance of blocking records in order¢ to save money by reducing the number¢ of physical I/O operations.¢¢ Mother used flags tEÇ}o help her manage¢ the housework. Whenever she turned¢ on the stove, she put a potholder on¢ top of her purse to remind Eü}herself to¢ turn it off again before leaving the¢ house.¢¢ Mother knew abut devices which raise¢ an interrupt signal to bEé}e serviced¢ when they have completed any¢ operation. She had a whistling¢ teakettle.¢¢ Mother understud abouEâ}t LIFO ordering.¢ In my lunch bag she put the desert on¢ the bottom, the sandwich in the¢ middle, and the napkin on topEä} so that¢ things would come out in the right¢ order at lunchtime.¢¢ There is an old story that God knew¢ He couldn't bEà}e physically present¢ everywhere at once, to show His love¢ for His people, and so He created¢ mothers. That is thEå}e difference¢ between centralized and distributed¢ processing. As any kid who's ever¢ misbehaved at a neighbor's Eç} house¢ finds out, all the mothers in the¢ neighborhood talk to each other. ¢ That's a local area network of¢ Eê}distributed processors that can't be¢ beat.¢¢ Mom, you were the best computer¢ teacher I ever had.¢¢ Eë} o=o=o=o=o=¢¢¢¢ D ① ⇧ב⇧ג⇧<⇦ 353CñN1ŒNœNØNÀCהTתNãN10ãNõCFñNÕN1ÀNŒסN2ãןךNøN1ãיN700ãN30ãגDגWAIקN60ãLñפRפNÃאבSבRGñSכSזXכRקCD¿MD¿MS¿K20ãPIJPERSAPñWלIï}שSñDELוWEEיטSTñK10ãFגTבFבCבDאFאYגעFלFסAñTמTכPצSלUNDבFהADDFUNגRNñN50ãRñIñI¿OסCHIJEVENק Ç ⇧ ⇩ ⇨ ⇦ Iî} ❎ ╱ ◆ ✓ Ç
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