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1990-07-15
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╔════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ Lesson 4 Part 030 F-PC 3.5 Tutorial by Jack Brown ║
╚════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
┌────────────────────────────────┐
│ Memory Organiziation in F-PC │
└────────────────────────────────┘
We continue with our initial investigation of F-PC's memory
organization. We had, if you recall, discovered that every time we make
a colon definition 5 bytes are used in Forths CODE segment. The first 3
bytes consist of a machine language jump to Forths colon definition
execution procedure and the last 2 bytes is a pointer to the lists of
addresses ( in the LIST segment) which make up the word. There is one
address in the list for each word in the colon definition. The Header
segment contains the word definitions name along with some other
information that we won't discuss just yet.
Now don't worry if you haven't followed all this. Just be aware that
every time you make a colon definition it is going to create you new
definition by compiling information in the CODE segment, the HEADER
segment and the LIST segment. All we really want right now is to find
where the next available free space is in the CODE segment. The word
that will do this for us is HERE
If you are using F-PC version 3.50 like we are HERE should return a
value around 74D8 hex or $74D8 (the dollar sign is often used to
indicate a hex number).
In any case we can be fairly certain the we have some free memory
located at $9000 and on upward. At least that is what we will assume
for the following exercises. If you system returns a HERE greater than
$9000 then increase the value for the exercises below to $A000 or
whatever you need to get at least $1000 beyond HERE !!!!
Here are the new words that we are going to investigate and exercise by
using memory available at $9000 and beyond. Warning! If you are not
working with memory beyond HERE your F-PC Forth system could very well
crash and burn!
DUMP ( adr n -- ) Dump n bytes of memory starting at adr.
HEX 9000 20 DUMP <enter>
+---------+-------------------------------------------------+---------
| SEG:OFF | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F |012345678
+---------+-------------------------------------------------+---------
|308B:9000| 2C 00 AD 03 F2 03 C3 02 2E 00 DD 06 FF 02 28 00 |,.-.r.C..
|308B:9010| 64 04 52 05 CE 03 CE 02 1C 03 12 00 EA 04 6B 04 |d.R.N.N..
+---------+-------------------------------------------------+---------
This is a dump of the memory in the code segment starting at $9000.
$308B is the address of the code segment in the PC's 1 megabyte address
space and will be different on most machines. The numbers you get in
the body of the table will also be different because this area of memory
has not been initialized to any particular value.
ERASE ( adr n -- ) Erase n bytes of memory starting at adr
to zeros.
9000 20 ERASE ok
9000 20 DUMP
+---------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------
| SEG:OFF | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F |0123456789A
+---------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------
|308B:9000| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |...........
|308B:9010| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |...........
+---------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------
What we have done is to clear 20 bytes of memory starting at $9000 hex
to zeros. Please be aware that we are using F-PC version 3.5 and that
the graphics above are an approximation of what you will actually see.
The part of the display to the far right is the ASCII representation of
the actual bytes and has been truncated to 72 bytes for the message
base.
FILL ( adr n m -- ) Fill n bytes of memory starting at adr
with low 8 bits of m ( 0 - 255 ).
9000 20 AA FILL 9000 20 DUMP <enter>
+---------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------
| SEG:OFF | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F |0123456789A
+---------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------
|308B:9000| AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA |***********
|308B:9010| AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA |***********
+---------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------
! ( n adr -- ) Store 16b value n at address adr.
@ ( adr n ) Fetch 16b value at adr and leave as n.
1234 9000 ! 5678 9010 ! <enter> ok
9000 @ . <enter> 1234 ok
9010 @ . <enter> 5678 ok
9000 20 DUMP <enter>
+---------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------
| SEG:OFF | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F |0123456789A
+---------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------
|308B:9000| 34 12 AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA |4.*********
|308B:9010| 78 56 AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA |xV*********
+---------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------
16 bit numbers are stored with the low byte at adr and the high byte at
adr+1, this is convention for 6502 and 8086 CPUs, 68000 is reversed.
┌────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Please move to Lesson 4 Part 040 │
└────────────────────────────────────┘