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Version 18.05 TurboDial 2.36 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 151
szb [-options] [PREFIX=p | ONAME=x] pathspec As above, but "falls
back" to YMODEM if the receiver cannot receive files with ZMODEM
protocol. Because of the YMODEM fallback, szb is not as error
resistant as the sz command.
t [-term_options] [capturefile] Invokes the term function for
conversational access to the remote. Normally, ZCOMM will remain in
the termfunction until the user keyboards F1.
If capturefile is specified, any currently opten capture file is
closed and capturefile is opened. A file previously opened by "t
file" is not closed by a t command given without an argument.
EXAMPLE: t file1 Creates file1 to capture data sent by the remote in
interactive conversation.
SEE ALSO: create command
If a file upload begun by an f or open command were in progress, the
upload will resume with the t command subject to the g term option.
In host operation, "t file" begins data capture, and received
characters are not echoed. When the remote sends ETX, EOT, or
Ctrl-Z, file is closed and the term function exits.
EXAMPLE: t comments.txt<ENTER>
jabber ... jabber ... Ctrl-Z
Optional termoptions may be enabled to modify the display, storage,
or transmission of information.
Subcommands available from the term function are explained in
Chapter 21. Characters special to the term function are also
described in Chapter 21.
tcs M N The local display of ASCII characters can be remapped to suit
local requirements with the tcs (Terminal Character Set) command,
where M is the incoming character (1 to 255) and N is the desired
hardware character 1 to 255.
EXAMPLE: tcs 91 146 translates the ASCII [ character to the AE
character.
The command tcs by itself disables these translations but does not
reset the translation table.
The command tcs 0 resets the entries in the translation table.
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ZCOMM User Manual 152
SEE ALSO: display command
timestamp * Iff a capture file is open, write out the circular buffer.
Then write a line containing the remote system name, number of
characters transmitted from disk, the number of characters received
to disk, average characters received per second, [20] the date and
time, and the term function status line information (time, options,
etc.) to the file and to the display.
EXAMPLE: timestamp; echoc "End: %e Errors"
Timestamp: vif 0 127857 97/sec 1342:37 07-09-86
01 24 13:42 21:50 28672 2:1200 7e EhjSt >cis0709.tmp
Allsig Ends: 0 Errors
The character counts are reset when the corresponding files are
opened.
SEE ALSO: restime, ALT-E commands, E test condition, t string
parameter
trs svar string1 string2 String1 and string2 are first processed for
character escapes. Then translate string variable svar from the
character set in string1 into the character set in string2. *
Characters in String1 with no corresponding character in String2 are
deleted. Characters in svar not appearing in String1 are not
modified. The "trs" command may not be used in the body of a
"while" command.
EXAMPLE: trs s0 "\\{}" "/" Changes backslashes to slashes, and
removes "{" and "}" characters.
TYPe pathspec Type the specified file(s). This command closes any
open transmit file. Type pauses/resumes printing with ^S.
Keyboarding ^C or Ctrl-Break cancels, and ^X skips to the next file.
<Ctrl-Home> clears the screen without pausing, avoiding scrolling.
SEE ALSO: browse, list, page commands, Unix b, bro, typ commands
EXAMPLE: type *.txt *.doc
unrestrict Prompts for a password and unrestricts ZCOMM if the
password exactly matches the contents of the unrestrict string
parameter. If unrestrict is empty or the given password does not
__________
20. Since the last call or restime command.
(C) 1993 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Main Commands
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ZCOMM User Manual 153
match in three attempts, the call is immediately terminated.
Unrestrict is used in Host Operation by a caller who wishes
unrestricted access to ZCOMM's computer to view confidential files
or perform maintenance.
EXAMPLE: unrestrict Prompts for a password (to match the unrestrict
parameter), then allows three tries to enter it correctly.
SEE ALSO: Host operation
videobios N Sets the video BIOS mode to N. This command is useful for
accessing the high resolution super EGA display text modes, such as
100 columns by 75 lines corresponding to high resolution 800x600
displays. The $ and # numeric parameters must be separately set to
agree with the new BIOS video mode.
The action of the video ROM BIOS to specific values depends on the
particular EGA/VGA ROM BIOS used. To support boards using an
extended code in the bl register, calculate N = bl + (256 * al).
Some codes produce spectacular unpredictable results. This command
is restricted, and is available on medium model DOS flavors only.
EXAMPLE: videobios 3 Sets BIOS video mode 3 (80x25).
SEE ALSO: V and W numeric parameters
w Writes the contents of the circular buffer to the capture file.
wait [-term_options] Wait activates the term function to search for
each pattern that has been defined with the pattern command. If a
file has been opened with the create or t file commands, buffer
capture continues during the wait command. If a file upload
(inititated by an f file command) was in progress, the upload will
resume with the wait command subject to the g term option.
Script execution resumes when the wait command returns because of a
pattern match, timeout, no carrier detect, or keyboarded F1. The
wait command's pattern search timeout is effective even if no search
patterns have been set with the pattern command.
SEE ALSO: pattern, put, putw commands, fN term option
wc pathspec Counts lines, words, printing characters, and all
characters for the specified files. The totals are then presented.
Characters beginning with CPMEOF (^Z) are excluded.[21] The count of
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ZCOMM User Manual 154
printing characters is useful for estimating laser toner and printer
ribbon usage.
EXAMPLE: wc *.c *.h
SEE ALSO: crc, sum commands
while condition rest-of-line Scripts must often repeat a command or
set of commands while some condition remains true. The while
command executes the command(s) on the rest of the line while
condition is true. Chapter 27 describes testable conditions. An
inadvertently generated while loop may be stopped by keyboarding
NUKE (ALT-N).
N.B.: The rest of the line must not contain an if command or
semicolons separating commands. While commands may not be nested.
EXAMPLE: pat 1 "ogin:"; while !1 put "\r" wait -f1 Repeatedly sends
a carriage return until the remote responds with "Login:".[22]
EXAMPLE: while "!1&&L<5" put "\r" wait -f1 Works as above, but only
tries 5 times.
x (eXit) Writes and closes any open files, releases ownership of the
serial port, then exits to the operating system without
disconnecting the phone line.[23] Exit status is the value of the ?
numeric parameter. This command is not allowed if Restricted.
xpc ... * The ZCOMMXPC flavor of ZCOMM supports the Tymnet(TM) X.PC
link level protocol with the xpc commands. See a following
subchapter of Chapter 19 for a more detailed description of the X.PC
packet driver and the xpc commands that control it.
______________________________________________________________________
21. The line and word counts agree with the Unix word count program,
but the character count will differ because of CR characters not
stored in most Unix text files. The Unix word count program does
not have a count of printing characters.
22. The "L" in "Login" is not searched for on purpose. On Unix
systems, the "l" is not always capitalized.
23. On some Unix systems, the operating system may alter the state of
the serial port after ZCOMM exits.
(C) 1993 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Main Commands
Version 18.05 TurboDial 2.36 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 155
xy [column] row Place the cursor on the local display specified column
and row. The home position corresponds to an xy 1 1 command.
Column and row can be string parameters holding numbers.
zcommandi COMMAND Send COMMAND with ZMODEM protocol, do NOT wait for
command completion.
EXAMPLE: zcommandi "!make whoopie"
zcommandic COMMAND Process COMMAND for string substitutions and
character escapes and send with ZMODEM protocol, do NOT wait for
command completion.
zcommandw COMMAND Send COMMAND to the remote with ZMODEM protocol.
ZMODEM assures an error free command upload. Wait for COMMAND to
complete on the remote. Store the command's exit value in the ?
numeric parameter, available to the ? test condition.
N.B.: With the exception of sz, no command that involves the serial
port may be the argument of zcommand.
EXAMPLE: zcommandw "sz foo.bar" Causes the remote to send a file
with ZMODEM protocol.
EXAMPLE: zcommandw "!ls -l | sz -a -" Causes a remote Unix system to
send a file containing a directory listing to ZCOMM.
As a special case, zcommandw with an empty command fetches the
remote's disk file system free character count. This quantity is
then available to the R test condition.
EXAMPLE: zcommandw ""; if "R>10000" sz hugefile Fetches the free
disk space from the remote, and sends hugefile if the destination's
free space is greater than 10000 kilobytes.
zcommandwc COMMAND Process COMMAND for string substitutions and
character escapes and send with ZMODEM protocol, wait for command
completion.
zmodem Used as a prefix to the p command to select the "zmodem"
parameters, or by itself to select the ZMODEM protocol for commands
which operate in a choice of protocols depending on past history.
EXAMPLE: zmodem
!!sz *.*
Uses ZMODEM to send a command to the remote machine to send all the
files in its current directory.
(C) 1993 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Main Commands
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ZCOMM User Manual 156
_ Enter a diagnostic routine that prints information about each
keystroke entered. Keyboarding LF (Ctrl-Enter) exits the _
(underscore) command. When a key is struck, the scancode, modified
scancode, and the shift state are displayed in decimal. The
modified scancode is either the raw scancode as returned by the BIOS
or 224 added to the ZCOMM internal code iff the raw scancode equals
224. The ZCOMM internal code for the key (usually the ASCII value)
is displayed in octal. This command may be used for exploring
keyboard encoding and preparing alternate keyboard mappings for use
with the mk command.
SEE ALSO: mk command
![%][~]command Invoke the local operating system to execute command
(either a program or a DOS built-in command) as a subprogram. A
leading % (percent sign) processes Command for string parameter
substitutions. See Chapter 19.5 for details on DOS Gateways and
Unix Shell Escapes.
!!host-command Sends the rest of the line (after !!) to a remote
ZMODEM program or Kermit server for execution on the server machine.
host-command is not processed for string parameters. This is a
convenient alternative to remote host host-command-string
particularly if host-command contains spaces.
label: A label begins at the first column and ends with a colon. One
or more commands may appear on the same line separated from the
label by white space. A label may have the same name as a directory
entry provided the directory entry appears first in the script file.
N.B.: a label differs from a directory entry, which doesn't end with
a colon. When ZCOMM encounters the next directory entry in script
processing, an automatic "return" is performed.
EXAMPLE: if 1 goto cond1
echo "Pattern 1 not matched"
cond1: echo "processing continues"
foosys speed 2400 666-1234 t
:comment A colon as first character in a command causes the rest of
the command line to be ignored. This is also useful for "commenting
out" commands in script files.
EXAMPLE: : this line does nothing at all
; Semicolon is a command delimiter which may be used in place of
RETURN to place multiple commands on a line. Since commands such as
echo, set, sb, pattern, list, and type take an indefinite number of
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ZCOMM User Manual 157
operands, the semicolon must be used to string such commands
together.
EXAMPLE: sb *.c; off Batch transmits all *.c files, then puts the
modem on hook and exits to DOS.
Semicolon is not a command delimiter if it is escaped by a backslash
or if it appears within a quoted string.
EXAMPLE: pat 0 ";" Sets pattern 0 to search for a semicolon.
Commands that take a fixed number of arguments may be strung
together without a semicolon unless otherwise noted.
EXAMPLE: port 1 speed 1200
<file Redirects input used by the command prompt and review function.
When reading input from file, certain characters are special:
~ Accept the next character verbatim.
| Sleep for one second.
'' Double quote echoes succeeding characters to the display with
highlighting until the next double quote is encountered.
On end of file, a ^U is returned and input reverts to the keyboard.
The file rev on the demonstration disk is a typical file which might
be used with the < command.
>[>]outfile Redirects output from succeeding utility commands and
debug output (if the v numeric parameter is non zero) to outfile.
Capture from the circular buffer is also enabled, but there is no
automatic writing of the circular buffer to the file on close.
>>outfile appends to outfile. The output redirection is canceled by
the close command or by > without a filename. DOS predefined device
names such as "prn" may be used.
The syntax of ZCOMM's redirection differs from that used by DOS and
UNIX. ZCOMM's output must be redirected before the command(s) are
given, and the redirection stays in effect until explicitly
canceled. ZCOMM's command prompt is not redirected.
EXAMPLE: bdump file0
kill
>file1
dump file0
close
Dumps the contents of the modem input buffer to file0. Output is
then redirected to file1 and contents of file0 are displayed in side
by side hex/ascii format.
(C) 1993 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Main Commands
Version 18.05 TurboDial 2.36 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 158
Note that the create and t filename commands do not redirect utility
command output to the file.
19.1 Function Key Commands
Some function keys are recognized at the command prompt. Function key
commands may not be mixed with any other character. For example,
keyboarding "t PgUp" elicits an error bell.
Some scrips redefine the function keys. The standard assignments may
be restored with a gosub setup command.
F2 From the command prompt, F2 enters term function.
SEE ALSO: t [file] command
Up Select the previous command in the command stack for reentry.
Down Select the next command in the command stack for reentry.
Home,PgUp,End Enter the review function.
F3...F10 Function keys F3 to F10 are programmed by set commands in the
"setup" directory in the distributed telephone directory. The key
definitions in PHODIR.t may be modified or removed at your
discretion.
F3 Receives files with YMODEM protocol, or XMODEM. [24]
F4 Invokes TurboLearn Script Writer(TM) to record keystrokes and
computer dialog, then generates a script using this information.
If ZCOMM is not currently connected to a system, the script called
by F4 prompts the user for telephone number, baud rate, and parity.
When recording is finished, the script prompts for a pathname to
store the completed TruboDial script in.
F5 On Unix systems, begin background operation and issue a sub shell
for the user. ZCOMM operation proceeds with screen output
suppressed. If ZCOMM should require keyboard input before the user
returns, ZCOMM waits for the user to return.
__________
24. ZCOMM generates a file name if the sending program does not
provide one.
(C) 1993 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Function Key Commands
Version 18.05 TurboDial 2.36 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 159
F6 Prompts for a file name, then receives that file with the XMODEM-
CRC protocol. ZCOMM will revert to the basic XMODEM protocol after
a few timeouts if the sender does not support CRC-16.
F7 Prompts for a file name, then transmits that file with XMODEM
protocol. If the file name includes wildcard characters, or if more
than one file name is given, or if a directory name is given, YMODEM
protocol will be used.
F8 Generates and transmits a password based on the called system's
name and the string parameter xpassword. * This command is valid
only when called from the term function.
F9 Calls a script to add a new system entry to the Telephone
Directory. The script prompts for a system name, and checks for
duplications with entries currently in the Phone Directory. The
script prompts for comments which will display when that system is
called. Speed and parity are then prompted for, and the entry is
added to the end of the Phone Directory.
F10 Invokes the "help" command or help processor.
Shift-F1 List the Phone directory.
Shift-F2 Search Phone Directory for system names matching user
supplied string.
Shift-F3 List voice calls in the Phone Directory.
Shift-F4 Disconnect the modem from telephone line (hang it up).
Shift-F5 Prompt for a system name and add a command to call it to the
circular dialing queue. List the queue contents.
Shift-F6 Run (execute) the circular dialing queue.
The following function keys are valid at the main command prompt,
from the term function, and from the review function.
Ctrl-Home Resets display modes and clears the screen.
ALT-1 Prompt for a command to be executed by the operating system,
then execute it.
EXAMPLE: ALT-1
DOS Command: dir/w
ALT-2 Prompt for a ZCOMM command, then execute it.
EXAMPLE: ALT-2
YAM Command: speed 115200
(C) 1993 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Function Key Commands
Version 18.05 TurboDial 2.36 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 160
ALT-C Writes the circular buffer to disk and closes any open send or
receive file(s). ZCOMM complains if no files were open.
SEE ALSO: close command
ALT-D Lists the current directory of the default disk.
SEE ALSO: dirr command
ALT-M Toggles keyboard mapping.
SEE ALSO: display mapkb command, N numeric parameter
ALT-R Enter the review function.
SEE ALSO: review command
ALT-S Displays status on the local screen only, even if ZCOMM is in
host operation.
SEE ALSO: s command
ALT-U Toggles Upper case conversion of keyboard and file characters
sent with the term function ( t, f, F2 commands). The answerback
and programmed strings are not affected. Protocol file transfers
are not affected. The u term option is reset by the call command.
SEE ALSO: u mode
ALT-W Writes the circular buffer to the receive file. Equivalent to
the main w command.
SEE ALSO: w command
F1...FA10 etc. The Soft Keys can be programmed (with "set" commands)
either to send a string of characters to the remote or to invoke a
ZCOMM command sequence. Iff the string begins with "@", the
remainder of the string is treated as a ZCOMM command. No strings
are sent to the remote from the command prompt or from the review
function.
The soft keys can be changed for each remote system or different
application programs, with set commands embedded in the appropriate
telephone directory entry. The ALT-K key displays the strings
assigned to these keys.
There are 48 soft keys, f1 to f12,fs1 to fs12,fc1 to fc12,fa1 to
fa12, plus some of the cursor keys. ( fs1 is obtained by Shift-F1.
fc1 is obtained by Ctrl-F1. fa1 is obtained by Alt-F1.) In
addition, the cursor keys may be reassigned to send strings to the
remote when in the term function. To list them, set the v (verbose)
(C) 1993 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Function Key Commands
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ZCOMM User Manual 161
parameter non zero ("pv1"), then give a "set" command. Most soft
keys have names beginning with f, and are described in Chapter 25.
19.2 Browse Command
BROwse pathspec browses through the specified files. If pathspec is
empty, all files are presented. For each matched pathname, the
filename, date, and length are displayed. The status line displays
some of the possible (one letter) commands.
EXAMPLE: >>>c:bro *.c
CFLOW.C 13:18:10 02-25-86 6072 ?
app, back, copy, Del, mv, next, page, sz, S, quit, {rR}ead, view, !, @
a, A Prompts for a pathname and then appends the current file to it.
Both DOS and CP/M format files are handled correctly. The A choice
then deletes the file.
b Backs up to the previous file. Browse will not back up past a
deleted or renamed file.
c prompts for a target pathname. The resulting DOS command
copy file target is executed by a copy of COMMAND.COM. Target may
include the switches available with the DOS copy command. The
pathnames given must be legal for DOS, with \ separating directories
from filenames.[25]
EXAMPLE: c
Copy to: a:
SEE ALSO: "HINT" below
D Deletes the file.
SP, CR skip to the next file.
r, R The R subcommand first kills the circular buffer. Then read the
file (or as much as will fit) into the circular buffer, then call
the review function. The review function subcommands can be used to
page back and forth through the file, write portions of the buffer
to files, and so on. If review is exited with the file still open,
browse closes it. This subcommand is not available if Restricted.
__________
25. Unless the DOS SWITCHAR has been changed to "/".
(C) 1993 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Browse Command
Version 18.05 TurboDial 2.36 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 162
SEE ALSO: review function
n Sends the file with the ZMODEM n option (send file only if the
source is newer than the destination).
S sends the selected file with XMODEM protocol. The user must start
an XMODEM receive on the other machine.
s sends the selected file with ZMODEM or YMODEM Protocol and 1kb
packets. If the other program has ZMODEM AutoDownload enabled (Z
mode) the file transmission will be automatic. Otherwise, the user
must start a YMODEM or ZMODEM receive on the other machine. The s
and S subcommands are useful when issued by a remote caller browsing
through files in a directory.
t Tail reads the tail of the file into the circular buffer and
displays the last 24 lines.
Q, X Quit ends the file list. X is provided for the convenience of
users accustomed to the wash and sweep programs.
V, Ctrl-V View the file, whether it is a regular or SQueezed file.
! prompts for a DOS command and then attempts to execute it. Some DOS
commands that might be useful are rename, del, print, move, emacs,
mince, edlin, chkdsk, and chmod. When entering the DOS command, a
keyboarded % is replaced by the pathname of the currently selected
file.
Please refer to the ! command for details and caveats.
EXAMPLE: !emacs % calls EMACS to edit the selected file.
@ Prompts for a ZCOMM command, and then executes that command as if it
had been entered at the main command prompt. The @ subcommand
should not be used for any command that involves file names.
EXAMPLE: @display vt100
* Any other letter redisplays the file information and repeats the
prompt.
After the file list is exhausted, ZCOMM prints the free storage
remaining on the default disk.
HINT: Use a directory command to change the order in which the files
are presented for the browse command. For example, assume we have a
directory src on drive c: (hard disk) and a floppy drive F: with a
scratch disk inserted. The command sequence
dirt
(C) 1993 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Browse Command
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ZCOMM User Manual 163
f:
browse c:/src
displays each file in the src directory beginning with the newest.
Typing c tells ZCOMM you want to copy the file. When ZCOMM asks for
the filename, just hit <CR> and the file is copied. (The resulting
command to command.com is "COPY c:/src/file"). This sequence may be
used to "clean up" a directory.
(C) 1993 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Browse Command
Version 18.05 TurboDial 2.36 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 164
19.3 DOS Gateway
A "Shell Escape" or "DOS Gateway" executes a DOS COMMAND (a program or
command) as a subroutine. If the first non white-space character of
the line is !, the entire line, less the !, is executed as a DOS
command, as if it were typed to DOS in the absence of ZCOMM. If the !
command is not the first command on the line, the command string must
conform to ZCOMM's rules pertaining to strings. DOS Gateways are not
allowed if ZCOMM is RESTRICTED.
If the next character is % the rest of the command is processed for
string substitutions.
EXAMPLE: !whereis thebeef.* Uses the public domain WHEREIS.COM program
to find certain files on the hard disk.
EXAMPLE: !dir >foo Generate a directory listing, with output
redirected by DOS to foo.
The command line keys !dir keys displays the soft keys, executes a DOS
"dir" command without arguments, and then displays the soft keys
again, while the command line !dir keys calls DOS to print directory
information for the file keys.
Before executing a ! command, ZCOMM restores the modem port's
Interrupt Service Routine's previous interrupt vector and interrupt
enable bits. ZCOMM also synchronizes the BIOS display driver. After
return from the DOS command, ZCOMM enables DTR, the ISR vector,
interrupts on the modem port, and resumes direct control of the
display.
If the command name begins with "%" (per cent sign) the remainder of
the command string is processed for string substitution (but not
character escapes).
EXAMPLE: set s0 this.txt
!%mv %s0 bakdir
If the command name (after an optional leading "%") begins with ~
(tilde), ZCOMM does NOT restore the modem port's Interrupt Service
Routine's previous interrupt vector and interrupt enable bits. The
called program may then access the modem with the ROM BIOS interrupt
hex 14, which is mapped to ZCOMM's modem service routines during the
execution of the !~ command.
When the modem is accessed this way, incoming characters are buffered
in ZCOMM's interrupt buffer, preventing loss of characters when
scrolling above 300 bits per second. Unlike the ROM BIOS routines
(which are a compromise to allow driving serial printers), the ZCOMM
(C) 1993 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 DOS Gateway
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ZCOMM User Manual 165
int 14h handler does not depend on the state of DSR or CTS.
This interface allows other programs to perform specialized functions,
such as graphic screen operation or special CRT terminal emulation.
One such program is COMSH.EXE available on Compuserve's Programmers'
Special Interest Group (GO PCS-158).[26]
EXAMPLE: !~comsh
The ZCOMM BIOS EMULATOR replacing the int 14h modem service routine
accepts the standard BIOS INT 14h functions encoded in the AH register
as described in the IBM Technical Reference Manual. Since the modem
port is selected by ZCOMM, the DX register is ignored. The character
ready status bit reflects whether ZCOMM's modem interrupt buffer has
one or more characters waiting.
The !~ command uses special logic to allow programs to exit gracefully
when carrier detect is lost.
If the command contains a space but none of the ^ < > or | characters,
DOS ZCOMM attempts to execute the command with the Microsoft C
spawnvp() function, which returns the program's exit status to the ?
test condition. Otherwise, or if the Microsoft C spawnvp() failed, !
commands are interpreted by DOS's COMMAND.COM; This kluge will go away
when Microsoft's rokcet scientests learn how to write a command.com
that executes commands and properly returns the exit status.
Batch files and built-in commands may be invoked as well as programs.
Some useful DOS built-in commands are rename, copy, date, and time.
Caution should be exercised with commands that affect disk files if
ZCOMM has files open at the time. Programs that remain resident in
low memory (such as spoolers) should NOT be invoked from ZCOMM unless
they are already resident, as memory would become fragmented.
Invoking the DOS "print" command (if print isn't already resident) has
caused DOS to crash when ZCOMM exits.
Memory available for !command will be less than when the command is
given directly to DOS without ZCOMM running. The command "!chkdsk"
will display the amount of memory available for subprograms.
NOTE: Some commands under some conditions may cause DOS to crash
immediately, after more commands are given, or when the user attempts
to return to DOS, especially if insufficient memory is available.
__________
26. COMSH supports graphic images transmitted by Compuserve's Weather
Radar service.
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Version 18.05 TurboDial 2.36 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 166
The EXEC functions of nonstandard operating systems are notorious
sources of interesting debugging experiences.
If DOS fails to execute COMMAND.COM, (actually, the program specified
in COMSPEC), the message Shell Escape DOS error return = N is
displayed. The usual DOS error returns are 1002,1005,1008,1010, and
1011, which are the DOS error return values + 1000:
2 File not found (COMMAND.COM)
5 Access Denied
8 Insufficient memory
10 Invalid environment
11 Invalid format
Return values less than 1000 are returned by the application but are
lost by current versions of COMMAND.COM. The return value is saved in
the ? numeric parameter and may be tested with the ? test condition.
(C) 1993 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Protocol File Transfer OPTIONS
Version 18.05 TurboDial 2.36 Universal Line Printer Edition
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20. Protocol File Transfer OPTIONS
Options modify the way the protocol file transfer commands send and
receive files. They are reset before each command line.
The a, b, r and rr options are mutually exclusive. With ZMODEM, a b
option given to the sender or receiver will override any a option.
The +, c, r, rr, N, n, p, and y options are mutually exclusive. The Y
option may be followed by the c, +, r, n, or N option. Specifying
these options to the receiver overrides the ZMODEM sender's
specification of these options.
The DOS append command interferes with some of these options.
+ When receiving to a file already on disk, append the new data to
the file. If the specified file does not exist, it is created.
This option is not allowed if ZCOMM is Restricted.
EXAMPLE: rc -+ evrybody.dat
When sending files with ZMODEM, the + option commands the receiver
to append to a file already on the receiver's disk.
EXAMPLE: sz -+ ONAME=master.log *.log sends all .log files in the
current directory to be appended to master.log on the receiver's
computer.
NOTE: Append (+) is not the same as crash recovery (-r). Append is
used to concatenate (add) new data to an existing file. The
resulting file contains both old and new data.
NOTE: If an append (+) file transfer is interrupted and restarted,
data may be duplicated.
SEE ALSO: r option
7 Strip data to 7 bits for file transfers with the Kermit protocol.
Program executables and other 8 bit binary files cannot be sent
this way. In the absence of the 7 option ZCOMM transfers all 8
bits of each byte. If the communications line is set to 8 bits no
parity, the 8th bit is transmitted, otherwise ZCOMM requests 8th
bit quoting. NOTE: The 7 option is distinct from the 7e and 7o
term options.
a (ASCII) The a option applies to files received with XMODEM, YMODEM,
or ZMODEM protocol. It converts newlines not preceded by CR to
CR/LF pairs. NULL, RUBOUT, and all characters in each packet
beginning with Ctrl-Z are excluded. The a option is useful when
receiving text files without carriage returns directly from Unix
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systems.
When sending with ZMODEM, the a option instructs the receiver to
convert text files to the conventions used in its operating
environment. When sending to VAX/VMS rz this selects CR carriage
control variable length record format.
The a option does not apply to the Kermit, sx, or sb commands.
Files transferred with the a option cannot be processed with the
ZMODEM r (recover/resume) option.
EXAMPLE: rc -a program.c receives program.c and converts end of
lines to CR/LF.
b (Binary) With ZMODEM, inhibits the receiver from translating the
file contents. If either the ZMODEM sender or receiver specifies b
option, any contrary requests will be ignored.
EXAMPLE: sz -b program.exe
c With ZMODEM, change the file name to prevent collision if the
destination file exists. The receiving program must support the
ZMODEM c option or file disposition will be undefined. The form of
the invented (changed) filename is implementation dependent.
Use CRC-16 with the rx, rt, and r7 commands.
e Normally, ZMODEM senders escape XON, XOFF, Ctrl-P, CR-@-CR, and
Ctrl-X, and ZMODEM receivers ignore XON and XOFF. The e option
escape all control characters when sending files with the ZMODEM
protocol. In 7-bit environments, the e option also escapes RUBOUT
(7F).[1] This option is useful when operating with brain damaged
data PBX systems and other types of "front ends".
SEE ALSO: zmtxesc, zmrxesc string parameters
E With ZMODEM-90, force 8th bit encoding even if the transmission
medium appears to support 8 bits.[2]
f Send the full pathname as specified (exclusive of disk identifier)
when using a batch send command. Normally only the file name
__________
1. In 7-bit environments, ZMODEM always escapes FF.
2. Not featured in DSZ.COM.
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portion (without any directory prefix) is transmitted. The f
option applies to batch file transmission with the kermit sb, sb,
send, and sz commands.
EXAMPLE: cd /src; sz -f robot/r2d2.h sends the file with the
pathname robot/r2d2.h.
EXAMPLE: sz -f /src/robot/vox/3tpi0.*
SEE ALSO: PREFIX=p flag for the sb and sz commands.
F Insert a pause after each transmitted data subpacket transmitted
with ZMODEM. This is useful in certain situations when
conventional flow control methods are unavailable, ineffective, or
unreasonably slow (i.e., "broken"). The length of pause is set by
the zmodem F numeric parameter.
EXAMPLE: sz -F honker.dat
SEE ALSO: zmodem F numeric parameter
g Given to the receiving program, the g option to the rb command
allows the sender and receiver to dispense with acknowledging each
transmitted packet when using YMODEM batch transfers. YMODEM-g
increases throughput when the transmitting medium itself (direct
connection, X.PC session, or error correcting modems) provides
error free transmission. The transmitting medium can use XOFF and
XON to enforce flow control.
If the transmitting medium does not enforce flow control,[3] the
user must insure the receiver is not overrun. ZCOMM on a PC or XT
accepts data at 9600 bps without flow control when the file is
being written to a hard disk or ramdisk.[4]
If an error is detected when the g option is used, the transfer is
aborted.
EXAMPLE: rb -g
__________
3. X.PC automatically enforces end to end flow control.
4. Provided no memory resident programs or special drivers hog CPU
cycles.
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The g option may also be used with the rx command to receive files
from Qmodem's G protocol.
i With YMODEM or ZMODEM, instructs the receiver to write file(s) in
stream oriented Image format. When sending to the VAX/VMS version
of rz, the i option selects Stream_LF record format. Stream_LF
preserves the exact contents of binary files read by VMS C
programs. Stream_LF is useful for file servers and archives that
service PCs, as well as C programs on VMS itself. (Without the i
option, the VMS rz default is 512 byte fixed length record format.)
I With YMODEM or ZMODEM, instructs the receiver to write file(s) in
variable length binary record Image format. When sending to the
VAX/VMS version of rz, the i option selects Variable length
(mrs=510) binary record format. Certain programs such as Kermit32
understand this binary record format better than Stream_LF.
k Use 1024 byte (1K) packets with the sb and sx commands. The
default packet length is 128. This increases throughput when the
speed is high relative to the response times of the communications
channel and the computers. The k option is useful with 9600 or
19200 bps transfers with directly connected timesharing systems.
The k option may not work properly uploading to some systems,
particularly heavily loaded or poorly implemented timesharing
systems at high speeds. The k option is valid only when sending to
ZCOMM, Unix rb, or other compatible programs. If the file length
is not a multiple of 1024, the remainder of the file will be sent
with 128 byte blocks. This option does not affect Kermit
transfers.
EXAMPLE: sb -k *.c *.h
With the sz command, the k option forces an initial 1024 byte
subpacket length.
EXAMPLE: sz -k *.c *.h
l Force pathnames that are all uppercase to lower case. This option
is reset by the call command. This option is ignored on DOS and
OS/2 flavors of ZCOMM.
m (ZMODEM-90) Activate MobyTurbo(TM) for maximum throughput on
compressed files sent over completely transparent connections.
MobyTurbo can be used over links that support YMODEM-g. Moby Turbo
can not be used with most forms of software flow control or over
networks that reserve control characters.
M Locks out Moby Turbo even if the other program has given the m
option. This option is useful if the transmission path does not
support complete transparency.
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n (ZMODEM) Each file is transferred if the corresponding destination
file does not exist, or if the source file is newer. The n option
can be given with either the sz or rz commands. This option is not
allowed if the receiver is Restricted.
EXAMPLE: sz -n *.* attempts to send all files in the current
directory. Only those files that do not exist in the destination
directory, and those for which the source is newer will be sent.
N (ZMODEM) Transfer the file if the corresponding destination file
does not exist, or if the source file is newer or longer. The N
option be used with the sz and rz commands. This option is not
allowed if the receiver is Restricted.
EXAMPLE: sz -N *.*
p (ZMODEM) Protect destination file; bypass this file if it already
exists on the destination system.
P (ZMODEM-90) When transferring files over 7 bit paths, pack 4 8-bit
bytes into 5 7-bit bytes for transmission instead of quoting the
8th bit.[5] This increases transmission speed on compressed files.
q (Quiet) suppresses block by block status line update during Kermit
and X/YMODEM file transfers. Also prevents skipped files from
incrementing the e numeric parameter and e test condition.
r (ZMODEM) Resume/Recover an interrupted file transfer with the
ZMODEM protocol. May be given with either the sz or rz commands.
The r option may be used to resume the transmission of a long file
after a disconnect or power loss, without having to start over at
the beginning of the file. The r option may also be used when the
source file grows from time to time and only the incremental
portion needs to be sent. The r option assumes that the contents
of the destination file are identical to the corresponding
beginning portion of the source file. The r option should not be
applied to a file that has been modified by the a option. This
option is not allowed if the receiver is Restricted.
EXAMPLE: sz -r hugefile.lst
__________
5. Not supported in DSZ.COM.
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SEE ALSO: zmodem c numeric parameter
For convenience, the r option can be specified on all files if
desired, even those that have not been interrupted during a
transfer. However, if you do make the r option the default with
adlopts you could inadvertently overwrite valuable data with
unrelated data from a random file with the same file name.
The "ZMODEM Crash Recovery at NNNN" message may not appear when
performing Crash Recovery on very short files.
rr As above, but the files are compared by taking a 32 bit CRC on the
contents before deciding on whether to start a fresh transfer.
EXAMPLE: sz -rr maybenewer.lst
With the -rr option, all of the files are compared or transmitted
by default. The number of bytes used in the comparison may be
restricted by setting the zmodem R numeric parameter to a number
between 2048 and 32000 (1 billion on 32 bit flavors).
EXAMPLE: zmodem pR20000
R Recursively descend directories specified in wild cards when
expanding file names.
EXAMPLE: sz -Rf src
Sends the files in the src directory and its subdirectories (R
option), and transmits the full relative pathname (f option).
SEE ALSO: f option
s SlugBait modifies the logic of ZMODEM sending to detect and report
attempts at evading accountability for receiving files. Such
attempts are flagged with a Q status in the log of sent files.
SlugBait adds a slight delay to file transmission, and a transfer
that is cut off at the very end of file may very infrequently be
reported with Questionable instead of ERROR status.
S When sending file(s) with ZMODEM, interrogate the receiving program
for its serial number. S option terminates when a serial number is
received or when the call command is given. Receiving file(s) with
YMODEM or ZMODEM from programs providing a serial number also
provides the other program's serial number. The serial number
received is listed by the performance log.
t Enter the term function after file transfer(s) complete. The t
option should not be used in commands given from within the term
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function, either directly or with soft key definitions.
u Unlink (remove, delete) the file after it has been sent with the sz
command.
v View the data being transmitted or received. Only correct data is
displayed. Viewing standard ASCII files does not interfere with
correct transmission at high speeds, although throughput may be
degraded.
The output may be redirected to a capture file or DOS device with
the > or >> command. Unless output is redirected, this option must
not be used when ZCOMM is in Host Operation.
When invoking Unix ZCOMM as xyam, rz, sz, rb, sb, rx, or sx,
creates a logging file with information useful for debugging
purposes. More v's create more detailed debugging information.
SEE ALSO: v numeric parameter, LOGFILE environment variable
wN Use a window size of N bytes with the sz command, overriding the
zmodem w numeric parameter. If N is missing, use a ZMODEM window
size of 4096 bytes.
SEE ALSO: Flow Control Chapter 14, zmodem w numeric parameter
WN Request the sending program to use a window size of N bytes,
overriding the sender's window size setting, 4096 bytes if N is
missing.[6]
y Yes it is OK to replace a file already on disk when receiving a
file. If absent, the operator is given a choice of appending to
the current file (a), erasing it (y) or aborting (n). This option
is not allowed if ZCOMM is Restricted. When sending with ZMODEM,
commands the receiver to replace a file on its disk.
Y (ZMODEM) Transfer only those files for which a file with the same
pathname exists at the destination, overwriting the destination
files. The Y option may be followed by other ZMODEM options to
further qualify the selection of files to transfer. This option is
not allowed if ZCOMM is Restricted.
EXAMPLE: sz -Yn *.* If the source directory contains files A, B,
and C, each dated today, and the destination directory contains B
__________
6. The W option is supported when receiving files from ZMODEM-90(TM)
program versions after Jan 21 1990.
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and C, with B a week old and C dated today, only B will be sent.
zT Use T minutes behind GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) as the local
timezone instead of the z parameter value for the file(s)
transferred with this command.
EXAMPLE: sb -k -z300 ESTfile sends ESTfile corrected for creation
in Eastern Standard Time.
Z Transmit files with compression. The ZMODEM receiver must indicate
its ability to decompress received files for this option to take
effect.
When sending between Unix systems, files are compressed with 12 bit
Lempel-Ziv compression. Otherwise, packets are transmitted with
Run Length Encoding.
Over slow channels, compression increases the transmission speed of
compiler listings, screen dumps, etc. by up to 50 per cent. LZW
compression is more effective on more types of data than RLE
compression. Some files, including the Personal Computing Magazine
ASCII Test File, speed up by more than an order of magnitude with
either RLE or LZW compression. Heavily encrypted data and
compressed files, including ARC and ZOO archives, do not benefit
from ZMODEM compression.
The situation with fast compressed modems is more complex. The
benefits of ZMODEM compression will depend on the particular
application; try the transfers with and without ZMODEM compression
to determine the most efficient options.
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21. TERM FUNCTION
Interactive conversation with the remote is controlled by the term
function. The term function provides the conversational link between
the keyboard, display, printer, and the remote computer. ZCOMM's term
function also controls the capture of data from the remote, "non-
protocol" sending of files and commands, and recognition of the
remote's responses (pattern searches).
The term function is entered by the F2, f, put, putw, t and wait
commands, and by the rx and sx commands when the t term option is
used.
The term function receives characters from the remote computer. If 8g
option is not used, the parity bit is stripped. Received characters
are displayed on the screen, printed, searched, or trigger Kermit and
ZMODEM AutoDownloads(TM).
Normally, the term function acts upon keyboarded characters
immediately. If the term function is sending a string with the put or
putw commands, or if the keyboard has been locked with the kbdlock
command, keystrokes are not drained from the keyboard buffer. If ANSI
KAM (Keyboard Action Mode) escape sequence has been received,
keystrokes are discarded with a bleep of the bell.
Normal ASCII printing and control characters are sent to the remote.
Some keys may be redefined with the set command. NUKE (ALT-N) returns
control to the main command prompt. The term function returns to its
caller when an F1 or ALT-X key is struck.
A carrier detect loss during a pattern search or a satisfied search[1]
cause the term function to return. Counting the error count (e
numeric parameter) UP TO 0 makes the term function return. An ETX or
EOT received from the remote when q term option is on also does the
trick. Finally, an EOF on a file uploaded with x term option, or a
match on a file uploaded with X term option makes the term function
return.
21.1 Major Modes of Operation
The term function can operate in several Major Modes affecting
keyboarded characters.[2]
__________
1. Unless the c modifier was used
2. Not all Major Modes are supported on all operating systems.
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Terminal Emulation Normal mode operates according to the terminal
emulation selected. Keyboard mapping with set and mk commands is
effective.
Conference The conference command (described at the end of this
chapter) provides local editing of keyboarded characters before
transmission.
Chat The chat command links two keyboards interactively.
21.2 Major Sub-Modes
Doorway Doorway is activated with the ALT-= key to allow function and
alt keys to be passed to certain BBS systems.
Scancode Scancode passes raw scancodes to VP/ix and similar
applications.
21.3 Command Characters
In the term function, soft key definitions override the keys' normal
functions.
ALT-= Toggles the term function keyboard handling between normal,
doorway, and scancode operation.
In doorway operation, ALT, cursor, and function keys are transmitted
as NULL followed by the raw scan code. This is especially useful
when operating the PC Board ProDoor full screen editor.
In scancode operation, raw scan codes are transmitted for use by
VP/ix and other programs that require raw IBM keyboard scan codes.
Both doorway or scancode operation override all term function key
bindings escept for ALT-= which toggles between these forms of
operation.
Backspace Normally the term function sends backspace to the remote
without any special processing. This is ideal for most systems
where backspace implies deletion of the character immediately to the
left of the cursor. Other systems, including VMS, use RUBOUT for
this function. The GCOS system uses the # character for this
function. The special requirements of these systems can be
optimally accomodated by assigning a string or series of commands to
the BS key. Chapter 99 provides some examples.
F1, ALT-X Return from the term function. ALT-X is an alternate to F1
in case the user has assigned his own string or command to F1.
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F2, PgUp, PgDn, ALT-R Enter the review function displaying data
starting with either the first character received after the last
character keyboarded (except space, Ctrl-Q, or Ctrl-S), or about 48
lines back if less than 400 characters have been received since the
last character keyboarded. This allows the output from the last
command to be conveniently reviewed. Review then awaits the next
command.
F2 followed by "k" is a handy way to clear both the screen and the
circular buffer.
Up Enter remote command recall and select the previous remote command
for editing in the status line. Backspace, and Ctrl-W may be used
for editing the line. Ctrl-U and Ctrl-X clear the line's contents
and restore normal term function operation.
Down Enter remote command recall and select the next remote command
for editing in the status line.
Home Enter review function, displaying text starting at the beginning
of the buffer. ALT-R is an alternate to F2 in case the user has
assigned his own string or command to F2.
F3...F10, FS1...FS4 Chapter 19 describes the functions that the
"setup" entry in the sample PHODIR.t file assigns to these keys.
Ctrl-Break Sends a 200 millisecond (default) break signal to the
remote. The function of this key may be reassigned with a set
command.
NOTE: Some modems do not correctly pass a break signal to the
remote.
Ctrl-Shift-2 Some remote computer systems may require sending the NULL
(000) character. NULL may be keyboarded by Ctrl-Shift-2.
^F Iff q (TWX) term option is in effect, transmit the string parameter
answerback to the remote. This is equivalent to HEREIS on a
Teletype(TM) machine.
Enter Iff n term option is set, send a newline (LF). Otherwise, send
the contents of entstr (default CR) to the remote.
^Q Iff a transmit file is open and its transmission has been stopped
by a XOFF, transmission is resumed. Resumes counting of the
inactivity timeout associated with the wait and pattern commands.
Otherwise no special treatment.
Rubout The ASCII delete (rubout) character (hex 7F, octal 177) is
generated by Ctrl-Backspace (the left arrow above the ENTER key on
the PC keyboard). The "Del" key near the lower right of the
keyboard does not generate delete, but may be programmed to do so
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with a "set fdel \177" command.
^S Iff a transmit file is open, transmission is stopped. Otherwise ^S
is transmitted. ^S also suspends counting of the inactivity timeout
associated with the wait and pattern commands.
ALT-B Sends a 100 millisecond break signal to the remote.
NOTE: Some modems do not correctly pass the break signal to the
remote.
ALT-N The NUKE key exits from the term function with a message and
cancels any scripts or functions that may have been executing.
ALT-1 Prompts for a DOS command, then executes that command as a
subroutine.
EXAMPLE: ALT-1 whereis *.lst
ALT-2 Prompts for a ZCOMM command, then executes that command. A
particularly useful command is "create file" which creates a capture
file without having to return to the main command prompt. Care
should be exercised not to force excessive recursion by issuing a
command (such as t or f) which would invoke the term function
recursively.
EXAMPLE: ALT-2 create capture.fil
EXAMPLE: ALT-2 display vt100
ALT-E Resets the elapsed time indication to zero.
ALT-F Full Duplex resets local echo of keyboarded characters.
ALT-H Toggles Half duplex in the sequence 0 (full duplex), 1 (local
echo), and 2 (local echo CR as CR LF). SEE ALSO: h numeric
parameter
ALT-I Three way toggle of i and I (Image) term option. When toggling
to I (super image) term option, ZCOMM's display emulation is set to
dumb to disable all escape sequences, most importantly those that do
strange things when used in the wrong context. When toggling out of
I term option, dumb terminal emulation is turned off.
ALT-J Toggles j (Jabberwrite) term option (q.v.).*
ALT-K Displays the contents of the soft keys.
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ALT-L Ctrl-PrtSc Toggles the line printer on flag. If the printer is
being turned on, printing commences with the next character received
from the remote.
ALT-M Toggles keyboard mapping.
SEE ALSO: display mapkb command
ALT-O Toggles Overstrike display, and restores the normal CRT
attribute.
ALT-P Toggles the parity the term function uses between 8 bits no
parity, 8 bits graphics, 7 bits plus even parity, 7 bits plus odd
parity, 7 bits marking parity (8th bit set), and 7 bits spacing
parity (8 bit reset).
ALT-V Four way toggles v term option between normal, show control
characters as ^C, denote characters with parity bit (in addition to
the above) set by prepending a tilde (~), and display all characters
in hex.*
21.4 Control Characters
The following characters are recognized by the term function when they
are received from the remote.
ENQ, DLE If c or C (Compuserve) term option and v term option is not
in effect, engage the Compuserve B+ Protocol. This protocol is used
with the FILTRN program and the SIG/ACCESS DOW and UPL commands.
See Compuserve's CP-MIG user group documentation for more
information. Iff enabled, these codes are acted upon when drained
from the interrupt input buffer and are not passed to the circular
buffer.
The following received characters are recognized by the term function,
regardless of parity, when they are fetched from the circular buffer
for the display.
Modem Error Detected modem errors (parity error, framing error, break,
overrun) are counted in the e numeric parameter. The E numeric
parameter may be used to represent modem errors as specific,
searchable characters.
A detected overrun is displayed as a large fuzzy rectangle (hex B2).
ETX EOT Ctrl-Z When receiving a message with the TWX protocol (in Host
Operation) these control characters will terminate the message.
ENQ Iff q (TWX) term option or VT100 emulation ("display vt") is in
effect, transmit the answerback string parameter to the remote.
This is equivalent to HEREIS on a Teletype(TM) machine.
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BELL Generates a tone in the speaker unless visual bell display is
enabled ("display bell=visual"). If the display has fallen behind
the incoming data, ZCOMM suppresses the bell due to the relatively
long time required to perform a bell ring. If a file is being
transmitted with the term function, a bell character will pause
transmission for a short time. (Some computers send bell characters
to indicate their input buffers are becoming overloaded.)
FF If c term option is enabled, erase the screen.
XOFF Suspends file transmission from ZCOMM. XOFF is excluded from
pattern searches and does not display unless v term option is set.
After a timeout determined by the Kermit s numeric parameter
(default 60 seconds), transmission will resume even if no XON
character is received.[3]
XON Resumes file transmission from ZCOMM. XON is excluded from
pattern searches and does not display unless v term option is set.
NULL, Rubout (Hex 7F) and NULL (0) are not displayed unless ZCOMM is
in i (image) or v term option. They are excluded from pattern
searches.
21.5 Buffer Writing
If e (Emacs) term option is set, a buffer dump is performed before
each keyboarded character is sent to the remote, since normal XOFF
based flow control is assumed to be disabled.
When the free space in the circular buffer is nearly exhausted, ZCOMM
sends an XOFF character to the remote[4] and writes the buffer
contents to the receive file[5] (if any). The circular buffer is also
written to the receive file as a result of a "w" command, ALT-W key,
or once per second if j term option is in effect.
When the circular buffer is written to a receive file, several control
characters are treated specially if i (image) term option is not set.
Iff s term option is set, all control characters, except for those
listed below, are excluded from the received file.
__________
3. There is no timeout if the parameter is 0.
4. Assuming e term option is not in effect.
5. An XON is sent to the remote after this automatic buffer write
operation.
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