2.2.2 SCREEN DEFINITION When you are editing a file in PC-Type II, keep the following diagram in mind. The dots in the figure below represent the text of a file being edited. The top of the file will always display a "Start" line and the bottom of the file an "End" line. These lines are not actually in the text of the file, but serve as a reference. 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 냉컴훁tart컴캑 � �...................................� �........ Text .....................� �...................................� �....旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴�..........� �....� Position one �..........� �....� �..........� �....� �..........� �....� 旼컴컴컴컴탠컴컴컴컴엿 �....� � 납 �....읕컴컴컴컴탠 � � � 켸 납 �..............� 납 �..............� Position two 납 �..............� 납 �..............읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴冒 �...................................� 냉컴� End 컴캑 � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Next consider the PC-Type II screen (your monitor), superimposed upon the file. The screen will always remain within the bounds of the file. As you browse through your file, it is often easier to consider the screen as moving over the file (e.g. from position one to position two) rather than the file moving inside your screen. Pressing the PgDn key can be viewed as moving one screen down the file. As you can see from this diagram, the file can be larger than the screen. As you move the cursor to the right, the screen will be dragged to the right over the file until it reaches the right boundary of the file (or the right margin). Moving the cursor to the left behaves just the opposite. 15 Once inside PC-Type II, a screen like that shown below will appear. It is important to know the names of the various areas of your PC-Type II screen. On the top line of the screen, the filespec of the file currently being edited is displayed. The Status area (described below), is also located on the top line of your screen. The area immediately below this top line is called the "Text Area", and it is here that the text of the current filespec is displayed. � current filespec 컴� � � � status area � � � � �   旼> 걸袴1W 袴袴袴袴袴袴孤栢栢팠袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴敲 � 갰쳐컴Start컴캑 <컴 top of file � � 갰 � � 갰 � � � 갰 � text area갰 � � 갰 � � 갰쳐컴 End 컴캑 <컴 bottom of file � � 갰 � � 갰 left margin right margin� 읕> 갰 � indent margin Tab stop � � 갰     � Tab line->건.L..^I...^..�.T....^....T....^....^....^R.� command line->갰栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢� message line->겆F1=Help F2=Menu F4=Quit...F9=Save F10=Exec� Below the Text Area is the "Tab Line". This line displays the active margin settings and Tab stops. (The column numbers are also displayed on this line but have been omitted in the diagram). The position of the cursor in the text area is also displayed on this line (about column 13 in the diagram). The "Command Line" is located beneath the Tab Line. Pressing the Esc key will move you back and forth from the Text Area to the Command Line. From the Command Line, numerous PC-Type II commands, e.g. "CALCulate" or "GOTO", can be issued. Finally, at the bottom of your screen is the "Message Line". Normally this line will display Function key assignments as shown, but numerous other messages are displayed here as well. 16 There are numerous toggles which can be set within PC-Type II. Their states are displayed in the "Status Area" on the top line of the screen. The diagram below describes the different toggle settings which you might see in the Status area. 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � Line spacing 컴컴커旼컴컴 Word wrapping � � Tab insert 컴컴엿넬컴컴 Fill character � � Ins/Ovwrte 컴커납납旼컴 Highlight type � � Macro user 컴엿납납넬컴 Drag toggle � � Macro flag 커납납납납旼 Enter key mode � � 납납납납납 � � 납납납납납 � � �袴袴�1�?袴袴袴袴袴� � � � YKIT2W LDX � � � M 3 ^B x � � |S \ � � | � � fill character � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 Each of these status indicators are meant as reminders and are described below. Macro flag: The keystroke macro status is displayed as: (�) when no macros are being defined or running. (Y) when a new keystroke macro is being defined. (M) when a keystroke macro is running. Macro user: The keystroke macro user status is displayed as: (�) when no macros are running or when a macro is getting its keystrokes from the macro buffer. (K) when macro is running and user is supplying the keystrokes. (See Ctrl K). Ins/Overwrite: The text area insert/overwrite status is displayed as: (�) when in Overwrite mode. (I) when in Insert mode. Tab insert: The result of pressing the Tab key is shown as: (�) when pressing the Tab key will merely move the cursor to the next Tab stop or margin. (T) when pressing the Tab key will insert a Tab character into the text and move all text to the right to the next Tab stop. 17 Spacing: The status of the print spacing is shown as: (1) if active Tab Line is defined as single spaced. (2) if active Tab Line is defined as double spaced. (3) if active Tab Line is defined as triple spaced. Wrapping: Text wrapping status is displayed as: (�) when Tab Line "wrap paragraph" toggle is turned off. In this situation, when text is moved beyond the right margin, the lines below in the paragraph are not adjusted. (W) when Tab Line "wrap paragraph" toggle is turned on. In this case, the entire paragraph will automatically be adjusted as characters are inserted or deleted. Fill character: There is always a default fill character. It is shown as: (?) if the current "Fill character" is the question mark. Highlight type: Text area highlighting status is displayed as: (�) no area is highlighted in any file. NOTE:땓f any of the letters below appear blinking, 땓t implies that only one extremity of the 땒ighlight area has been marked. (L) line (or paragraph) highlighting is in effect. (B) block highlighting is in effect. (S) sentence (or word) highlighting is in effect. Drag toggle: The drag toggle status is shown as: (�) when the drag toggle is turned OFF. (D) when the drag toggle is turned on. (The 'D' will always be blinking to insure that you know this toggle is turned on.) When this toggle is on, the "fill character" will be placed in the text at the location vacated by the cursor whenever an arrow key is pressed. Enter key mode: The current Enter key mode is shown as: (�) when the Enter key merely causes the cursor to move to the left margin of the next line. (X) when the Enter key inserts a line below the current line before moving to the left margin of the new line. (x) when the Enter key inserts a line below the current line and then moves to a position on the new line below the leftmost character of the current line. (\) when the Enter key splits the line at the cursor. The cursor then moves to the left margin where the text previously to the right of the cursor was moved. 18 2.2.3 MULTIPLE SCREENS / FILES PC-Type II allows you to split your screen into multiple windows from which you can view different parts of the same file or different files. (See Section 5.17 in Part II for details). Coupled with the EGA toggle which allows you to change the number of rows on your screen (up to 50 for VGA or 43 for EGA), this capability proves to be quite powerful. Splitting the screen vertically would result in the following configuration. �袴袴袴孤栢栢팠袴袴袴金袴袴袴孤栢栢팠袴袴袴� � 납 � � 납 � � 납 � � 납 � � A 납 B � � 납 � � 납 � �....^....^....^....^좋....^....^....^....^� 붜栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢舫 � Message line � When the screen is split, the cursor can be moved from window to window with a single keystroke. The bar dividing the windows can be moved as well. You can split your screen into two, three, or four sections. If the screen was split into four parts and the dividing bars were moved to the right and down, the result would look like: �袴袴袴孤栢栢팠袴袴袴袴錮佶袴袴뒨栢培袴袴袴� � 납 � � 납 � � 납 � � 납 � �....^....^....^....^...늘....^....^....^..� 勁袴袴袴뒨栢培袴袴袴袴袴됐袴袴孤栢栢팠袴袴攷 � 납 � � 납 � �....^....^....^....^...좋....^....^....^..� 붜栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢舫 � Message line � If multiple files are already loaded into PC-Type II, you can move the cursor to a particular window and select a different file to view in that window, or you can edit a new file which will be loaded into that window. The windows are independent. You can just as easily look at four different portions of the same file. 19 2.2.4 MENUS Most of the menus in PC-Type II will have the form of the menu shown below. The menu will normally appear in the lower left-hand corner of your screen. The left and right arrow keys will move the menu to the left and right on your screen. You will thus be able to move the menu out of the way in case it should be covering any text you might want to see. The up and down arrow keys will move the menu option selection bar up and down. Home and End will move the selection bar to the first and last option displayed in the window. PgUp and PgDn scroll the list up or down if there are more options than can be displayed, and Ctrl PgUp and Ctrl PgDn move the selection bar to the absolute first and last options. Most of the menus will have the first letter of each option enclosed in parentheses. To select an option in the menu you can either move the selection bar with the arrow keys to the appropriate choice and then press the Enter key, or you can press the letter enclosed in parentheses. 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴� In most instances, pressing 'X' will 쿘enu Name: � return you to the previous menu, 팠袴袴袴袴袴袴� whereas pressing the Esc key will �(A)bc option � return you directly to the Edit mode. �(B)cd option � �(C)de�option枋 Most of the menus contain a more �(E)fg option � detailed explanation of each option. �... � This is displayed on the Command Line �... � below the menu and refers to the �(Z)zz option � option on which the selection bar is 쿮(X)it � currently placed. 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴� 栢explanation�for �(C)栢栢栢栢栢栢栢栢� A special menu type is displayed containing filenames. This menu type will appear when you want to GET or EDIT a new file and place wildcards, e.g. file*.abc, in the filename and/or file extension. With this menu type, if you press the D key (for example), the selection bar will move to the first file in the menu whose filename starts with the letter 'D'. 20 2.2.5 KEYSTROKES PC-Type II contains numerous special keystrokes. Most of the functions these keystrokes perform can also be accomplished through the menus. However, as you grow accustomed to PC-Type II, you will find it faster to use a keystroke to perform a function than to go through the menu system. Keystrokes Alt-A through Alt-Z are used for keystroke macros. F1 is used for Help, while F2, F7 and F8 are used for special menus. F4 and F9 are used for quitting and saving files. The cursor keys work as expected. Most of the cursor keys also have Ctrl counterparts - Ctrl right arrow moves to the beginning of the next word to the right, Ctrl up arrow moves to the beginning of the previous paragraph, etc. Most of the Ctrl-A through Ctrl-Z combinations are used for special functions, and tend to use the letter that matches the function. For example, Ctrl C is used to (c)opy and Ctrl M is used to (m)ove. For a detailed keystroke summary, see section 3.0 in Part II. It is useful to note that the following keystrokes cannot be reached through the menus: Ctrl W - Whoops key which restores a deleted line. Alt + - Cross Hairs which highlight the row and column of the current cursor position. (This is useful for lining up columns of information.) Ctrl � - Hard Space is interpreted as a space when the file is printed. It is used to force two words to be kept together on the same line of text. Ctrl . - Soft period is interpreted as a period when the file is printed but not when a paragraph is reformatted. Ctrl K - Special pause keystroke only used in keystroke macros. Ctrl Y - Execute the keystroke macro currently in the temporary buffer. The available keystrokes in PC-Type II are briefly described in the HELP screens when F1 is pressed and the cursor is in the Text Area. 21 2.2.6 DOCUMENT FILES PC-Type II can read and save any normal ASCII file. (A normal ASCII file is a file containing lines of text followed by carriage returns and line feeds.) In addition, PC-Type II has its own "document" file format. A PC-Type II document file always has the file extension, ".PCT". For example, SAMPLE.DOC is treated as a normal ASCII file while SAMPLE.PCT is treated as a PC-Type II document file. The major difference between a PC-Type II document file and a normal ASCII file is that the document file contains the following special information in addition to the text: (1) Tabs, margins, and spacing (single, double, triple). There can be multiple definitions within a single document file. (2) Page breaks. Page breaks can specify an absolute page number, or a page number relative to the current page. Conditional page breaks (insuring that a block of text is not split between pages) are also supported. (3) Special Lines. Special Lines are markers within the file which keep blocks of text from being reformatted, or provide specific printer controls such as turning headers and footers on or off, marking areas of text which should not be printed, and defining Mail-Merge parameters. (4) Headers and footers. These markers in a document file allow you to redefine headers and footers at different locations within your file. (5) Print markers. Print markers are stored in a document file to define where printer functions such as BOLD and ITALICS should be turned on and turned off. (6) File reminders. There is a one line reminder which can be defined for a document file so that you can see what information is within the file. The DESC.EXE program will create a report from these reminder lines. If a document file is saved as a normal ASCII file, all of the above markers are stripped from the file before saving it to disk. 22 2.3 SYSTEM OVERVIEW When you use the INSTALL.EXE program, the details of "where to copy which files" are taken care of for you. However, it is a good idea to have an understanding of how the different parts of the system work together. PCT.EXE is the PC-Type II program. When you begin a PC-Type II session, the program tries to find two files: (1) PCT.HLP - this file contains all the text for the help windows and screens. If PC-Type II cannot find this file, then no help other than the standard prompts, messages and warnings will be available. (2) PCTYPE.PRO - this file contains all the configuration information that PC-Type II must know so that the settings you wish to use can be remembered from session to session (e.g., screen colors, default tabs and margins, etc.) If this file cannot be found, then the defaults stored in PCT.EXE itself will be used. Inside the PCTYPE.PRO file are references to one or more other files as well: (1) PCTYPE.DIC - this file contains the dictionary PC-Type II uses to check your spelling and to supply alternative suggestions. PCTYPE.PRO should contain the path and filename for this file so it can be found and used. (2) xxx.PRN - this type of file contains the printer codes needed to support special printer functions such as BOLDing and ITALICS. (3) xxx.MAC - this type of file contains up to 25 keystroke macros which you can define as needed. (4) xxx.IMP - this type of file contains the necessary information for importing data from a data source, e.g., PC-File, PC-Calc, etc. If PCTYPE.PRO contains the file specification for any files of type 2 through 4, they will be loaded when you begin PC-Type II. ("XXX" means you supply your own filenames for these files.) The "Configuration Overview" in section 5.4 of Part II of this manual contains more information. Except for PCT.HLP, any of the files mentioned above can be created and saved, or loaded from within PC-Type II. 23 3.0 USING PC-Type II This section is a tutorial to walk you through the PC-Type II options you should get to know. A number of files with the filenames "SAMPLE" have been included on your distribution diskettes and should be in your PCTYPE directory (or the directory you designated when you ran the INSTALL program). This tutorial should take about 15 minutes and we recommend that you run through it. Obviously, not all the capabilities of PC-Type II will be investigated, but you should be able to use the program quite well when you are done. To begin, make sure you are in the directory \PCTYPE. 3.1 Starting PC-Type II To get a quick look, just type PCT after the DOS prompt and press the Enter key as: C>pct Once inside PC-Type II, press F4. That got you into (and out of) an empty file with no name assigned. Now try it again, but this time name a file which doesn't exist. After the DOS prompt type PCT JUNKFILE and press the Enter key as: C>pct junkfile You can now see the filename "JUNKFILE" at the top of your screen. "JUNKFILE" is also an empty file. Now press F4 again to exit PC-Type II. Of course, you could have named the file in the first example or renamed this file from within PC-Type II or during a save operation. We are now ready to look at a file with text. To do this we will try one more wrinkle on loading files. After the DOS prompt, type PCT SAMPLE.* and press the Enter key as: C>pct sample.* You should now see a menu of files which begin with the filename "SAMPLE". With the down arrow key, move the highlight selection bar to the file named SAMPLE.ESC and press Enter. This will load the file SAMPLE.ESC into PC-Type II. Now follow the instructions in 3.2. 24 3.2 Escape Key and Help Assuming you got here from 3.1 above, you should be looking at the file SAMPLE.ESC within PC-Type II. This file gives you a quick look at how the Esc key works and how to bring up your HELP windows. As with all of these tutorial files, always exit them by pressing F4 ("Quit") unless otherwise informed. This way you will not change their contents and you can use them again. If you have modified the file in any way, PC-Type II will ask you if you really want to quit without saving your changes. Press Y in these cases and the quit operation will be completed. After following the instructions in the file SAMPLE.ESC, press F4 and continue to the next section. 3.3 Cursor Movement You should now be back at DOS and ready to try the cursor movement keystrokes. After the DOS prompt type PCT SAMPLE.CRS and then press the Enter key, as: C>pct sample.crs Follow the instructions in this file - it jumps all over the place. Then exit the file with F4 as before. NOTE:땓f you get lost in the file, hold down the Ctrl 땖ey and press the PgUp key. This will get you 땈ack to the beginning of the file and its 땓nstructions. Now you should be back at the DOS prompt, and ready to investigate the Command Line and Menus by continuing on to the next section. 25 3.4 Command Line and Menus Again back in DOS, now load the file SAMPLE.CMD by typing: C>pct sample.cmd This file will instruct you on how to execute commands from the Command Line and how to navigate through the menus. You will also see how to load multiple files into PC-Type II and how to move from one active file to another. 3.5 Editing You now know enough about PC-Type II to begin entering text. Load the file SAMPLE.TXT with the command: C>pct sample.txt The first portion of this file describes how to enter text, delete and insert characters, split and join lines, and reformat a paragraph. Next, erasing, deleting lines, and the Whoops key are investigated, followed by the simplest highlighting method and copying and moving. PC-Type II provides many move, copy and other operations which can be performed on highlighted areas. For details of these operations, please refer to Part II of this manual. 3.6 Printing Printing is discussed in SAMPLE.TXT. The file instructs you how to print to a disk file called JUNK. This entails displaying the PRINT OPTIONS window and changing some of the printing parameters. 3.7 Quitting / Saving Finally, SAMPLE.TXT investigates quitting and saving files. The file SAMPLE.TXT is saved to a file with a different name and then you will return to DOS. If you are editing a file and want to periodically save it to disk (a good practice), you use Shift F9 (or the "(S)ave File" option available in the menu reached by selecting "(Q)uit/Save" from the Main Menu). 26 3.8 Tabs, Spelling, Macros The Tab options add a lot of versatility to your word-processing toolkit, and the spelling checker, "Fault Finder", is invaluable. Also macros provide you with great power. For some examples of these capabilities load the file SAMPLE.MSC by typing: C>pct sample.msc 27 3.9 Mail-Merge As the final portion of the Tutorial, a sample mail merge has been included since this is such a useful feature of a word processor. No instructions will be given inside the file, so you must follow the directions from this section of the manual. Load the mail-merge file from DOS as: C>pct sample.pct /I=sample.imp You are now in a "mail-merge" file which has been set up to read address data from a comma-delimited file named SAMPLE.WS. This information is included in the "import" file, SAMPLE.IMP, referenced in the mail merge definition section at the beginning of the SAMPLE.PCT file. Look around the file a bit, and then go to the PRINT OPTIONS menu by pressing F2, then P. If you want to print the letters to your printer, set the target file to LPT1 by pressing the Enter key, typing LPT1, and then pressing Enter again. If you just want to see mail-merge operate without printing, type NUL instead of LPT1 for the target file. Finally, you can send it to a disk file as before by entering JUNK as the target file. Next, make sure that the "Amount to print" line in the window is set to "ALL". Do this by moving the highlight bar to this line using the arrow keys, and keep pressing the Enter key until "ALL" is displayed. Now move to the "Mail-Merge" line and turn it ON by pressing the Enter key until ON appears. Temporary space is needed on a disk during Mail-Merge, so go to the last field, "Disk with workspace", press Enter, type the letter of the disk containing space, and press Enter again. All is now set. Press F10 to begin the process. The first record found in SAMPLE.WS which agrees with the search request defined in SAMPLE.IMP will be displayed. Press X so that all records which match the search request will be mail-merged. There is an operator KEYIN buried in a file which will be included with two records. When mail-merge stops, and presents a field, type in whatever you want, e.g., "My-oh-my!!!" in the field provided and press Enter. The process will then continue. When the mail-merge is completed, press F4 and exit to DOS. 28 4.0 DEMO A short DEMO has been installed in your PCTYPE directory to show you some advanced capabilities of PC-Type II. This DEMO is run from keystroke macros. Start the DEMO at the DOS prompt as: C>demo NOTE: You must be in the PCTYPE directory for this demo to work. As the DEMO proceeds, it will frequently stop so you can see what is happening. Press the Enter key to let it proceed. Do not press any other keys or the DEMO will not run properly. 29 PART II DETAILED REFERENCE SECTION 0.0 GENERAL Part II of this manual contains the details of all the PC-Type II capabilities. Section 1: Summarizes all the menus and windows you will encounter within PC-Type II. It is meant to be a quick reference for finding how to get from point A to point B within the menu system. Section 2: Describes all the parameters which can be specified on the DOS command line when starting PC-Type II. Most of these parameters are useful if you begin PC-Type II from .BAT files to specify alternative profiles, macros, etc. Section 3: Summarizes the keystrokes which are active within PC-Type II. Most of these keystrokes are described in greater detail later in Part II. A few, as noted, are only described here. Section 4: Describes the use of all commands (issued from the PC-Type II Command Line) which are currently available within PC-Type II. Section 5: Contains the majority of information about PC-Type II. This section is outlined in the same format as the menus which they describe. Major menus contain page numbers where their options are described. Section 6: Describes the full functionality of PC-Type II's Mail Merge. Section 7: Describes the operation of the numerous utility programs included with PC-Type II on your distribution disks. 30