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] 3^]ːU(WVb5&?u]v vFVF tHt#HuHuHu)F396F~(D Pv vWd u F;6F|ۋ~F &}t=&u&uvv PbP F &u/ PFP 2vvbP F &u&u8 PFP FLJFĞ&7bPE PP T PP V us5&& tZFLJFbP Ğ&7bPW PP f PP VF u-~ uyP4&X&>&< UFPV FPbPh bPP<  uX9F t!bP4&X&B&@ FDF^FFV ~~ t+v vZ RP4&X&F&D PB >Fuy396F~%D Pv vWd t F;6F|96F/~ u=v vZ RP4&X&J&H~F &}t=&u&uvvi PbP F &uy PFP 2vvbP F &u&u PFP F?t5&6&6bP FPbPh F;6F}rFFFFDFDFF+ƉF~vF^^F^FF F NuFbPB  u$9F ubP4&X&N&L?~ ubP4&X&R&P 5&& uĞ&7P PbP  PbP RP D5&& t-Ğ&7P PbP bPB 3^_]U($ 5^ތF&?u5^ڌF&G& u  t6 6 `  udP   5&bF tP^&w&7 PNFP ^&w&7 PNFP FPNFPXX  uDNFPB ^&74&X&&  5&z^&7]39&RzLxL9&9ptI9&9vt>PP9&6&6`#P9&6&6ZT#P| ] 9&$PP] P u 9&X&N&L 3n9&>ptJ9&>vt>PP9&6&6`#P9&6&6ZT$P| PV39&RzLxL9&9ptH9&9vt=PP9&6&6`&$P9&6&6ZT H$P| :] 9&$PP] 3PN tz9&>ptK9&>vt?PP9&6&6`S$P9&6&6ZTu$P| 3P u4^ːUWV9& & VȋڀFV$PSQ $PvW QPr9&QPZ RP$P 9&QPZ RPvW'3FF9&9~Q~9&9>t,$PvvPVZ RPvv G9&9>~$PvW89^F+&G&9Ft QP: '~uZzL0QP: ~9^&G& t-P&w&7vv< ^&GSvW%$PvW~t)9&>^u9&>`t$6$1$+9&t$PvW9&u$PvW$PvW9&> بt+& ~u:& #Ft&ِFtvt &6 بt$`~t6t$PvWt$PvWƨt3$"t$t$ ƨt$PvW9&t~t9&>zu$PvW$PvW$PvWw$PvWh9&>ju9&X&&$ډFVRP9&69&6$PP%Pvv vvvW%PvW9&6&69&6&6:&6&6#%Pvv vvvWB:&6&6:&6&6:&6&60%Pvv vvvW=%PvWD:&&&(0T|RPE%Pvv vvvW vW" 9&$PP] FpP FVv~vvO%PvV vV" PvVj! FPQ\%QJ] PvV" PvVJ] PvvvJ] F~~;~v^^؋NJ*3QNJ*&3ZF;v|։~v] v_%PvV PvV" PvVJ] FF=vP FVvv`  t 2PP]  :&uvv`  t|] u t 3P( -*ui%PvV vV2 ui6`#6^#vVF  uN6p#6n#vvF  t~9&X&&e%PFPW ƋFv2PP] 9&X&&V\2PP]  :&u9&X&&ˎ9&X&&k%PFPV NjFvW 3^_]U WVFdžPƆ{dž8o%:dždž@~%BdžD%FdžH%J+NL9& & vx~prt89 +&G&n9&9ptH9&9vt=PP9&6&6`%P9&6&6ZT %P| T :&P FVpP FV+FF{{<vv~uZ6`#6^#%P~V P~V" P~VJ] genre: verse (epigram, narrative elegy, satiric iambic, hexameter hymn, epyllion [little epic]) style: learned, allusive diff : 7 works: Epigrams from Greek Anthology, Aetia (Causes), Iambics, Hymns, Hecale fun fact: Hecale, an epyllion, gets its name from the elderly woman who lets Theseus crash at her house while on his way to slay the bull of Marathon. Demosthenes dates: 384-322 genre: political and legal oratory style: varied, avoids hiatus and successions of short syllables diff : 4 works: For Phormio, Olynthiacs, Philippics, On the Crown fun fact: sued his guardians for mismanagement of his inheritance at age 21. Euripides dates: 485-406 BCE genre: drama style: Classical Attic tragedy diff : 7 dialogue 10 choruses works: Medea, Hippolytus, Ion, Bacchae fun fact: We have more of Euripides than of any other Attic tragedian because we have not only ten plays representing "the best of Euripides" but also nine plays which seem to be from the epsilon through kappa volume of the complete works of Euripides. Herodotus dates: 484-420 BCE genre: prose history style: uses Ionian dialect lots of ethnography and anecdotes diff : 5 works: Histories fun fact: first surviving prose history in Greek Hesiod dates: flourished 700 BCE genre: creation-myth in verse, didactic poetry style: epic vocabulary diff : 6 works: Theogony, Works and Days fun fact: Works and Days is ostensibly addressed to his MEGA NHPIE (very foolish) brother Perses and consists of advice on practical skills (farming, sailing, etc). Homer dates: eighth-sixth centuries BCE genre: epic style: brief, striking similes, about half each work is dialogue diff : 5 works: Iliad, Odyssey fun fact: "Homer" is usually considered scholarly shorthand for an oral-formulaic tradition perhaps dating back to the fifteenth century BCE that was written down during the above dates. Lysias dates: 459-380 BCE genre: political and legal oratory style: smooth, moderate diff : It was probably a tonal language (like Chinese, but less so) and both vowel quantity and pitch accent tend to be misrepresented in all modern pronounciation systems. ---------------------------------------- 1.2 What are the best translations of ...? Good question :-) Translations into English of most of the popular classical authors may be found along with great authors of other periods in the Penguin Classics series. ---------------------------------------- 1.3 Who was ... ? See section 2 for references to bibliographical dictionaries or encyclopaediae. ---------------------------------------- 1.4 What are the famous classical authors? While a complete list of even important authors cannot be given here, the ones below commonly appear on reading lists of graduate departments of Classics. The format is: Author's Name dates: (approximate) genre: (quick & dirty encapsulation) style: (some elaboration of the above category, with notes on meter, dialect) diff : (difficulty; of course, highly subjective :)) works: (not necessarily complete; fragmentary works excluded) fun fact: (sometimes not very much fun and often descending to the level of gossip) Greek: Aeschylus dates: 525-456 BCE genre: drama style: Classical Attic tragedy diff : 8 works: Persians, Seven Against Thebes, Agamemnon, Libation-Bearers, Eumenides, Supplices, Prometheus Bound fun fact: Apollonius Rhodius dates: flourished 3rd century BCE genre: epic style: Homeric vocabulary with some bold new similes and anthropological/aetiological touches diff : 6 works: Argonautica fun fact: feuded with his teacher, Callimachus Aristophanes dates: 457-385 BCE genre: drama style: Old Comedy diff : 9 works: Acharnians, Knights, Clouds, Wasps, Peace, Birds, Lysistrata, Thesmophorizeusae (Female Celebrants of the Thesmophoria festival), Frogs, Ecclesiazeusae (Female Legislators), Wealth fun fact: Among his favorite targets for satire included the philosopher Socrates (in Clouds), the Tragic playwright Euripides (in Frogs), and the politician Cleon (in Knights). Aristotle dates: 384-322 BCE genre: treatises on philosophy, ethics, natural science, political science, literary criticism style: Attic prose diff : 7 works: Metaphysics, De Anima, Nichomachean Ethics, History of Animals, Physics, Politics, Rhetoric, Poetics [fragmentary] fun fact: wrote accounts of the constitutions of 158 Greek states. Callimachus dates: 305-240 BCE ly been able to make available some public-domain texts for FTP. ---------------------------------------- 7 Radio Programming Currently there are two major shortwave services that provide Latin programming. They are: Vatican Radio (daily programming, mostly of a religious nature) Radio Finland (weekly world news reports) Times and frequencies are likely to change, so are not included in this FAQ. Schedule information may be obtained from the following: World Radio and Television Handbook (WRTH) (1993 Edition, ISBN #0-8230-5924-3) Billboard Publications 1515 Broadway New York, NY 10036 USA Usenet newsgroup rec.radio.shortwave and the shortwave FTP archives at nic.funet.fi under /pub/dx. ---------------------------------------- Credits Nathan Torkington , Tracy Monaghan , Owen Ewald , ptrourke@acs.bu.edu (Patrick Rourke), kbibb@maui.qualcomm.com (Ken Bibb), b-ogilvie@uchicago.edu (Brian W. Ogilvie), stigh@itk.unit.no (Stig Atle Haugdahl), "Jim Ruebel" , Neil Bernstein , kamorgan@athena.mit.edu (Keith Morgan), Risto Kotalampi (rko@cs.tut.fi), Konrad Schroder , pef@dcs.qmw.ac.uk.