GEOS Support Document c1993 Geoworks PLEASE NOTE: Information in this document is accurate to the best of our knowledge at the time of writing. If you find errors or have comments or suggestions for improvement, please let us know by faxing (510) 549-0538. Please use this material with care; GeoWorks shall not be responsible for damages resulting from the furnishing of the information in this document. The SDK can only be used to develop applications for Ensemble 2.0. The SDK is not meant for use with any other GeoWorks product. TITLE: Additional ISV Information NO. PAGES: DOC NO: 1002 DESCRIPTION: Contains addtional information useful to prospective ISVs. This is the second part of theinformation packet sent out to prospective Independent Software Vendors (ISVs) who request information from Geoworks. This contains additional information and press releases regarding the SDK and developer programs. Other related documents are: 1001 Basic developer information and product order form 1003 Information about the upcoming Geoworks developer conference on October 25 & 26 Opportunities in the Consumer Computer Device Market BACKGROUND: MATURING OF THE SOFTWARE MARKET In 1991, a total of seven software developers - Microsoft, Lotus, Novell, WordPerfect, Borland, Autodesk, and Adobe - earned 70 percent of the revenues among the U.S. personal computer industry's top 100 earners.* Microsoft alone accounted for 30 percent, growing 25 percent from the year before and 21 percent in 1988. The rest of the group must fight for some share of the remaining 30 percent of the market; developers not among the top 100 share in even less of the pie. Analysts believe that this domination by a handful of developer companies, coupled with slower growth and a low return on investment, signals the maturation of the desktop market. The explosive growth of the 1980s is over. In this climate of limited growth, developers must look to new technologies, and new markets, for opportunities. * Source: 1992 Soft - Letter 100 CONSUMER COMPUTING DEVICES: A NEW MARKET Software advances are driven by, and dependent upon, advances in hardware. Ever since the earliest computers emerged, the trend in hardware has been toward smaller, more affordable machines. Huge mainframes that filled entire rooms gave way to minicomputers and then to personal computers. Now, a single chip can include the microprocessor, logic, video, memory management, timers, I/O, etc., that previously required an entire board, or more. With single-chip computers, it is possible to build hand-held devices with as much functionality as early desktop personal computers. Hand-held devices are not simply replicating personal computer functionality in a smaller package. Because of their size and mobility, these new devices are expected to create an entirely new device category, one that combines computer, telephone, television, consumer electronics and other capabilities in new ways. The new market is being called the consumer computing device (CCD) market. The consumer computing device market is a natural outgrowth of a number of important recent trends. For example, computers are becoming more mobile, with notebooks, palmtop and pen-based products already hitting the market. Cellular telephones will soon incorporate single-chip computers, and will be joined by smart phones and phones with video as well as sound capabilities. In addition, interactive television and realistic video games are expected to tap the enormous and ever-growing consumer electronics market. Business people are already relying more on products such as electronic daytimers (e.g., the Sharp Wizard and Casio B.O.S.S.). Major hardware, software and communications technology companies, including H-P, AT&T, Apple Computer, Microsoft, Tandy, and Sharp have spent dollars and resources to develop prototypes of products for this market. Analysts, attempting to quantify the potential size of the market, have stated variously that it will grow to $700 million by 1999 (BIS Strategic Decisions), $1.8 billion by 1996 (International Data Corp) and $3 billion by 1996 (InfoCorp). GeoWorks, however, believes that these are conservative projections and that the consumer computing device market will meet and eventually exceed the PC market. Despite its anticipated popularity, however, the new generation of hand-held devices is unlikely to displace desktop computers. Instead, the two types of machines will coexist, which means that software will need to span both worlds - that is, enable people to use the same or related software on their mobile and their desktop systems. THE IMPORTANCE OF SOFTWARE IN THE NEW MARKET For the consumer computing device market to meet early projections, much of the development work is still focused on the hardware side: solving issues such as chip density, device size and weight, power source (including battery capacity and longevity), data storage requirements, price (i.e., less than $500), and connectivity with existing devices. Soon, however, the emphasis will shift to software. For instance, early prototypes of hand-held consumer computing devices run on AA batteries that have about 50 to 100 hours of uninterrupted power, but have only minimal amounts of storage and RAM. As a result, software running on these small machines must be compact, requiring little RAM or ROM. Conditioned by their experiences with desktop devices, however, users expect the devices to be responsive under any condition - even when receiving an incoming call from a pager or an incoming fax, for example. At this point, performance improvements move from hardware concerns into the hands of the software developers. To be useful, the new mobile devices must be able to display high-quality text and graphics, so that on-screen documents and images reflect the print quality we are used to seeing in glossy magazines. They must have an easy-to-use graphical user interface (GUI). A GUI must be able to adapt to different devices and must be able to adjust to any user's skill level. For example, a real estate agent should be able to use a real estate-specific application as easily as a mass marketed scheduling application. Ideally, from the ISV's point of view, these applications must run on an underlying system software that can migrate across devices. This will allow ISVs to create applications for many kinds of hardware, ranging from palmtops to smart telephones and even desktop computers, without having to recode or recompile their applications for each new machine. System software for these devices must conform to very specific architectural requirements. To fit within the confines of small amounts of storage and RAM, the operating system, as well as the applications that run on it, must be compact and efficient. In addition to being compact, the operating system must have true multitasking to provide the responsiveness that users will demand. Compared to personal computer software, software for consumer computing devices, with their strong consumer electronics orientation, will have a fast product development cycle for software. Software that is easy to use will be imperative, as will low price: Developers cannot expect to sell $500 software for a $200 device. Yet because of the enormous volume of this market, producing innovative, high-performance software will continue to be a profitable business. As with the hardware manufacturers, software developers have been quick to jump on the new market bandwagon, at least conceptually. Most, however, are market players in future terms only, having merely announced intentions toward the consumer computing device market. Currently, most operating systems are too big for the new small devices, or their designs are inherently tied to desktop or notebook systems. GEOS: FULFILLING CURRENT AND FUTURE MARKET NEEDS GeoWorks has been working to develop software for the desktop PC market, as well as developing products for the emerging consumer computing device market. GeoWorks' object-oriented operating system, GEOS_ provides the efficient and flexible software foundation needed to bring the new class of devices to the marketplace. The GEOS operating system architecture mirrors the technology requirements of the emerging Consumer Computing Device market, bridging the needs of both desktop and new hand-held devices. Many of its benefits are derived from a fundamentally object-oriented and component-based system architecture. Object orientation makes GEOS very compact - it takes up only 512K of RAM and 1MB of ROM - and provides developers with a much faster development environment than system software based on traditional procedural coding. Both size and this speed of development will be crucial to the new device market. In addition, GEOS has true preemptive multitasking, runs a single-imaging model, and is device and user-interface independent. The operating system's single imaging model, similar to PostScript_, includes a complete set of graphical capabilities such as outline fonts, providing users with a true WYSIWYG (what-see-is-what-you-get) environment. Its flexible graphical user interface (GUI) technology means that applications written for GEOS are completely scalable, with no recoding or compiling necessary, from desktop to hand-held machines, and can adapt to any GUI a developer chooses. THE GEOS ARCHITECTURE GEOS was built as an object-oriented operating system from the ground up, making it both user-friendly and developer-friendly. It is efficient in every way: in size of code, in execution time and in use of hardware resources. The operating system comes with a large number of built-in objects, so that ISVs begin with much of the programming already done. For example, document control objects provide all the user interfaces for opening, closing and saving a file in any application that creates and manages data files (e.g., spreadsheets, word processors). Similarly, GEOS includes a text object that supports rich text editing (e.g., formatted WYSIWYG text; multiple typefaces, styles and colors; embedded graphics), a spreadsheet object, a flat-file database object, and a graphics object. Any application that needs to display or manipulate these data types can take advantage of these embedded objects. An important feature of GEOS is its multithreaded, multitasking capabilities. Each object is run by a thread of execution, where a thread is a single entity that runs a certain set of code and maintains a certain set of data. The term "multithreading" refers to the ability of many threads to use a system's processor at any given time. Objects can send messages to each other even if they are in different threads of execution, which is important in multithreaded, multitasking systems. In addition to multithreaded, multitasking, the GEOS kernel provides dynamic memory management, process management, file system access, and interprocess communication. It also supports basic object-oriented functionality such as messaging and inheritance. Despite all this functionality, the GEOS kernel uses only 60K of fixed memory and 120K of library routines that are loaded only as they are needed by GEOS applications. As a result, GEOS is ideally suited in both compact design and functionality, for the demands of the new hand- held devices. The operating system's dynamic library layer provides the commonly used libraries that are shared among applications. These libraries provide the user interface code for many generic and specific user interfaces including desktop and pen user interfaces. Developers can also create their own interface or other types of objects and make them available to any application running under GEOS, regardless of whether the application runs on a desktop PC or a small CCD. OPPORTUNITIES FOR SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS: IT'S 1982 AGAIN Despite all the headlines being written about the new consumer computing device market, most developers believe it will be a number of years before they can begin making money in the new market. In fact, practical devices will appear in 1993, representing a real start to the market. GeoWorks, by virtue of its GEOS operating system, will be an active participant. The enabling hardware technologies for the new market are already in place, including the single-chip PC, flash memory, wireless communications and PCMCIA storage cards. GeoWorks is among the trailblazers of software developers providing the system software foundation needed to create applications for this new generation of devices. And so as the market for desktop productivity applications reaches maturity, the newly emerging consumer computer device market puts all developers on equal footing at the starting line. In terms of opportunities for software developers, it's 1982 all over again. Technical Background Information NEW MARKET REQUIRES NEW TECHNOLOGY The market for these emerging product categories is expected to significantly outstrip the current PC market in both revenues and units shipped. GeoWorks, which develops system software for this new market, refers to the emerging breed of products as consumer computing devices (CCDs). Evolving hardware technologies such as single-chip PCs and silicon storage cards will enable the production of small, lightweight CCDs with low power consumption requirements. These requirements will place enormous pressure on system and application software to be extremely efficient. GeoWorks believes that simply stripping down existing software platforms and applications, and squeezing them to fit the CCDs' limited RAM and storage capacities, will not be the solution. At the same time, however, these devices will need to be compatible with the traditional desktop so that people can maximize the information available to them. Five years ago, GeoWorks committed to designing an operating system that would fulfill the following demands: deliver high-performance computing features to desktop PCs while remaining flexible and compact enough to excel on CCD products that were in the early stages of development at the time. GeoWorks' solution is GEOS_ system software. GeoWorks believes there are two primary characteristics necessary for a successful OS in this new market: Software must deliver high performance without sacrificing efficiency. The Operating System, rather than the application, must contain the application's basic functionality SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MARKET GeoWorks is convinced that system software and applications will be as important to the success of CCDs as advances in hardware technology. All of these devices, whether a pen-based palmtop or a smart telephone, will have common software requirements: Compact CCDs such as handhelds and smart phones will have limited amounts of storage. Object-oriented programming (OOP) is perhaps the best way to ensure that common functionality across applications is shared, eliminating the need for extraneous code that consumes valuable storage space. Responsive Consumers will expect their devices to respond instantly no matter what is occurring. For example, while a user is updating an appointment calendar, the device must be able to receive a fax in the background. This simultaneous operation must be transparent to the user. High-Quality Text and Graphics Consumers are accustomed to the high-quality graphics of magazines. A device that is being sold as a useful consumer product must be able to deliver similar resolution and text. Reduced Time-To-Market for Applications Industry analysts believe that consumers will have more than one type of CCD. As a result, system software must be able to migrate across devices, so that developers can create applications that are compatible with many different devices despite the different user interface requirements. In addition to these requirements, GEOS offers a unique capability: a flexible graphical user interface (GUI) also called a generic-to- specific user interface that can adjust to different devices and to different users' skill levels. This patent-pending user interface technology allows developers unprecedented flexibility in the design of custom user interfaces. GEOS applications can run on multiple platforms, including CCDs and desktop computers, with multiple user interfaces without recoding or recompiling. GEOS OVERVIEW AND OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING The genesis of GEOS system software was a realization by GeoWorks that traditional software development practices did not emphasize efficiency, resulting in bloated code that squandered hardware resources. The design goal for GEOS was to create an environment that combined high performance with compact size, in other words, a full-featured and efficient system. By adhering to that goal, GEOS excels in CCDs with limited RAM and disk storage. It also enables the OS to provide advanced computing features, usually reserved for expensive workstations, in modest desktop PCs with as little as 512K of RAM. GEOS runs on devices powered by Intel x86 architecture semiconductor chips. GEOS: COMPACT AND EFFICIENT GEOS is a real-time, multithreaded, multitasking graphical operating environment built from the ground up on object-oriented programming (OOP) technology. Simply put, OOP provides a structure for making code more reusable and for isolating individual coding elements, or objects, of large systems. An object is simply a bundle of data and routines that act upon that data. OOP makes efficient use of system memory because only one copy of an object's code is necessary, no matter how many copies of that object are used. It also reduces the amount of code required for individual tasks, which leads to smaller applications. And because the objects used to build applications have already been tested and debugged, applications can be developed quickly. GeoWorks took the power and sophistication provided by OOP one step further by coding the methods (procedures that act on object data) for all system objects in Intel assembly language to achieve maximum efficiency. The result is that the GEOS kernel is feature-rich but requires only 60K of fixed memory and 120K of library routines, which are loaded only when required by GEOS applications. RESPONSIVE: ADVANTAGES OF PREEMPTIVE MULTITASKING AND MULTITHREADING Each object is run by a thread of execution, where a thread is a single task within an application that runs a certain set of code and maintains a certain set of data. The term "multithreading" refers to the ability of many threads to use a system's processor at any given time. In essence, an application is able to break its tasks into separate pieces that are processed concurrently. Objects can send messages to each other even if they are in different threads of execution, which is important in multithreaded systems such as GEOS. Multithreading contrasts with preemptive multitasking, another GEOS attribute. With multitasking, the end user can use more than one application simultaneously on a single device. An example would be a user's ability to continue working on one document, while the device receives faxes and prints other documents. Multitasking computers with a single processor actually process only one task at a time, but do so quickly enough for the impression to be that different tasks occur simultaneously. With GEOS, the combination of multithreading and multitasking capabilities greatly accelerates the response time of applications. As a result, users can work not only more productively, but also with fewer frustrations and delays. SHORTENING APPLICATIONS TIME-TO-MARKET: UI TECHNOLOGY AND RESUSABLE OBJECTS One of the most powerful features of the GEOS environment, and the feature that separates it from all other environments, is the patent-pending Generic-to-Specific User Interface technology, which isolates application development from specific user-interface implementations. This flexible GUI technology means that applications written for GEOS are completely scalable, with no recoding or recompiling necessary when they are moved from desktop to hand-held machines. The Generic-to-Specific UI technology allows systems incorporating GEOS to have different specific user interfaces while maintaining compatibility with any GEOS application. For example, a calendar application running on a subnotebook with a desktop metaphor can be plugged into a pen-based palmtop computer, where the application will take on the appropriate look and feel while adopting pen-specific behavior. New specific user-interface libraries can be written to support unique devices or to offer product differentiation to hardware manufacturers. Like the OS itself, the GEOS user interface technology is based on object- oriented technology. In GEOS, an application's user interface is constructed using objects that generically describe the interactions the application needs from the user. For example, a word processor application needs a UI element that allows users to change the current text style to bold. In GEOS, a "GenTrigger" object is used to describe this element in the application. The application does not know (or care) whether the bold GenTrigger is implemented as a menu item, a tool bar icon, or a gesture with a pen. GEOS achieves its flexibility because its programs describe interface components and requirements using a generic interface object library. At run time, the generic objects are superclassed by a specific user interface library that adds the proper appearance and behavior to the generic object. To change the user interface, only the specific user interface library needs to be changed. The whole application need not be recompiled to run on a different system. For developers hoping to take advantage of the CC market, GeoWorks' generic UI technology enables UI design to evolve and change to match different devices. The Generic User Interface Object library provides a series of geometry hints analogous to templates that allow developers to provide information to the specific user interface library about how they would like to see elements arranged. Developers do not specifically place user-interface elements on screen. Rather, the specific user interface will use the geometry hints to arrange the elements. Built into the GEOS operating system is a geometry manager that automatically arranges elements based on their size-hints parameters passed (e.g., orient vertically, orient horizontally, left justify, right justify, center). In addition to providing maximum flexibility for future user-interface designs, the geometry manager approach makes it much easier to localize applications for other (human) languages. Since the system dynamically arranges user interface elements based on size and geometry hints, there is no need to change any application code for different languages. RESUSABLE OBJECTS In a quest for increasingly efficient software, GeoWorks built its object model directly into the GEOS operating system instead of using an object- oriented language, such as C++. This approach allows higher performance and better support for object-oriented programming and provides the foundation for the powerful component-based software architecture of GEOS. The GEOS component architecture scheme best exemplifies GeoWorks' view that system software, not applications, should carry most of an application's functionality. In other environments, the application itself must do most of the work. GeoWorks believes that this traditional design paradigm contributes to diminished performance and accounts for the larger disk and system memory requirements of many of today's applications. With the advent of CCDs, such dependence on large amounts of disk space or memory becomes prohibitive. In GEOS, much of an application's functionality lies in the standard operating system itself, in the form of built-in components that are based on the object model. These components aid rapid application development and lead to small overall system requirements, because normally redundant code is shared across several applications. Component architecture also encourages a consistent interface across multiple applications and allows for greater cross functionality. An application that is centered around one activity can still use objects that may have been created for another type of activity. For example, word processing is a very different task from drawing or designing, but both activities share the same need to enter or edit text or edit images or pictures. GEOS accommodates this by allowing applications to be built around tasks, not technology, yet use the shared objects to maintain consistency. Like other graphical computer environments, GEOS provides system libraries for a number of useful functions: opening files, drawing graphics, managing windows, producing sounds, etc. In addition, several GEOS libraries provide object classes, from which application developers can choose specific instances of objects to incorporate into their documents or user interfaces. The major component objects in GEOS consist of the following: Text Object Text objects are used for all levels of text handling, from basic input and editing to full word processing and desktop publishing. All editing and mouse interactions in GEOS applications are supported directly by the text object. Using the GEOS outline font technology, which is analogous to the standard PostScript_ imaging model, the text object allows text in any font to be scaled from 4 to 792 points, with options for styles, colors and patterns. Desktop publishing support includes paragraph attributes, word wrapping and hyphenation, style sheets, embedded graphics in text, multiple column layouts, wrapping text around graphics and rippling text automatically between columns and pages. Spreadsheet Object The GEOS spreadsheet object contains all the functionality needed for a complete spreadsheet application. This object is built upon the Cell and Parse libraries and provides a higher-level interface to those libraries. The spreadsheet object supports up to 16,384 rows by 256 columns. Graphic Object Applications that display and manipulate graphics use the graphics object library. Objects in this library include lines, polylines, filled and unfilled polygons, regular and rounded rectangles, circles and ellipses, splines, arcs and wedges. In addition, a bitmap object is stored in its own library because of its extensive features. The bitmap object allows programs to create bitmap edit areas; provides painting tools to do brush, line, rectangle and ellipse drawing and area fills; adds capabilities for area coloring, cut, copy, paste; and includes a magnified fat-bits editing mode. LAYERED ARCHITECTURE Isolating applications from explicit hardware support is a key benefit of the GEOS layered component system. This architectural approach provides an enormous array of services to application developers and frees them from writing lines of basic functionality code for an application. The GEOS architecture allows developers to focus on creating true differentiation in their applications. It also permits future expansion of the system when new or improved components become available, and it allows developers to create objects, libraries and drivers to support their specific applications or special hardware. The top-most layer contains applications that users will interact with. Applications rely heavily on the dynamic libraries of the next layer. The dynamic library layer provides the commonly used libraries that are shared among many applications. These libraries provide the user interface code for many generic and specific user interfaces, including Presentation Manager, Open Look and Motif, as well as pen-based interfaces. Both the libraries and applications use the kernel, the heart of the operating system. The GEOS kernel provides preemptive, multithreaded multitasking; dynamic memory management; process management; file system access; and interprocess communication. It also supports basic object-oriented functionality, such as instantiation, messaging and inheritance. The kernel communicates with device drivers that function as the final GEOS interface to physical input and output devices and additional software, such as file systems. It is the driver layer that makes GEOS applications hardware-independent, enabling them to work with many devices, including video displays, printers, mice, pens and keyboards. 1993: THE YEAR OF THE CCD GeoWorks believes that 1993 will be the year that practical, working CCDs will begin to appear in the marketplace. GEOS represents new technology designed specifically to enable the development of this new CCD market. The GeoWorks approach contrasts sharply with other software platforms, such as Modular Windows_, which is essentially trying to force-fit technology created for desktops or high-end portable PCs into radically new and different devices. The emerging CCD market will require fresh thinking and fresh technology, focused on the distinctive needs of the new devices. The GEOS environment, with its object-oriented foundation and its unique Generic-to-Specific User Interface technology, is well-positioned to play a dominant role in this new market place. CONTACT: Deborah Dawson FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE GeoWorks (510)204-8550 GEOWORKS PROVIDES GEOS SYSTEM SOFTWARE ON CASIO/TANDY'S ZOOMER PRODUCT ANNOUNCED FOR FALL AVAILABILITY Chicago, June 3, 1993 - GeoWorks, the Berkeley, CA, developer of sophisticated system software, today joined Casio, Inc., Tandy_ Corporation, Palm Computing, Intuit and America Online to announce the availability of the Zoomer Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)_ at the Summer Consumer Electronics Show being held here through June 6. At the announcement, the companies provided specifics on their joint project: a handheld, pen-based device scheduled to be available in October. GeoWorks is providing the underlying system software, GEOS_ , which provides rich functionality while delivering "unconscious" battery life of up to 100 hours so consumers won't need to remember to recharge their devices every day to have access to their important information. Zoomer is the first device enabled by the GEOS technology in the emerging class of low cost hardware that combines sophisticated consumer electronics, computer, and communications capabilities. GEOS is a leading edge, object oriented, graphical operating system designed to meet the stringent resource requirements of these new compact, lightweight, yet powerful devices. "A graphical environment running on inexpensive, single chip processors is unheard of to date in this emerging market," said Brian Dougherty, CEO of GeoWorks. "We have been working for the past five years to develop an operating system that will provide high quality graphics without demanding expensive system resources. This is a very exciting day to see the first product to prove our vision a reality shown to the public." John V. Roach, chairman and chief executive officer of Tandy Corporation, said "GeoWorks was able to deliver the system software required to meet the design restrictions of Zoomer. It has 100 plus hours of battery life, the simplicity of pen and paper, the logical power of a computer and the ability to connect to a world of information in a pocket-sized device weighing less than one pound." "We believe Zoomer will be a tremendous success by combining a compelling form factor along with sophisticated applications. But at its core is GEOS, the only system software available on the market today that can deliver robust functionality with very limited hardware resources. This will enable Zoomer to be a truly open system that will benefit customers through a wide range of after market applications, extending the functionality of Zoomer," said Bruce Mendel, director of marketing at Casio's PCD (Personal Communications Division). GeoWorks' vision for the past ten years has been to enable mass market computing. Founded with the belief that this market holds tremendous potential, GeoWorks has been developing system software to meet the needs of a wide range of consumer computing devices from PDAs to TVs. Zoomer is the first device that delivers the right functionality at the right price point to make this market explode. "GeoWorks is thrilled to be a part of such an exciting product and looks forward to continuing to innovate with our partners Casio and Tandy," said Brian Dougherty. GeoWorks, located in Berkeley, California, is the developer and publisher of the acclaimed GEOS graphical operating system and of Ensemble_ application software. The company provides sophisticated and highly efficient system software and markets targeted applications for an emerging class of devices designed to communicate, entertain and manage information for mass market consumers. GeoWorks products are available worldwide through OEM, dealer channels and republishers. GEOS, GeoWorks and Ensemble are registered trademarks of GeoWorks in the United States and other countries. Tandy is a registered trademark and Zoomer and Zoomer PDA are trademarks of Tandy Corporation and Casio Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders. CONTACT: Holly Zmetrovich/Karl Fields FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE The Bohle Company (310) 785-0515 Deborah Dawson GeoWorks (510) 204-8550 GEOWORKS THIRD MAJOR OEM ANNOUNCED SHARP ELECTRONICS CORPORATION SUPPORTS GEOS PLATFORM BERKELEY, Calif. -- GeoWorks announced today that Sharp Electronics Corp. is the second major consumer electronics company to select the GEOS_ operating system platform for its soon-to-be-announced Sharp PT-9000. This is a major milestone in GeoWorks' mission to be a leading edge operating system for this emerging computing market. The two companies have been working for the past year to develop a new class of device that combines the best of a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and a notebook computer in a single product called a Personal Information Assistant. This first product, the Sharp PT-9000, has been designed for the traveling professional who needs the benefit of a full featured set of applications as well as immediate access to their personal information. "GeoWorks is extremely excited to have Sharp endorsing our operating system platform," said Brian Dougherty, chairman and CEO of GeoWorks. "Sharp has a clear track record in bringing new consumer electronics products to market. We believe with partners like Sharp we will create a new class of products that will truly meet the needs of a wide range of audiences." GeoWorks has been working for the past six years to develop GEOS, an advanced operating system that requires limited hardware resources. This allows hardware manufacturers to deliver products that are low cost and deliver long battery life without sacrificing rich functionality. The efficiency allows GeoWorks' OEMs to enjoy weeks and months of battery life. Analysts feel that long battery life is a standard requirement for the consumer electronics market. "GeoWorks provided Sharp with a unique solution that will enable us to bring a truly compelling product to market," said Gary Schwartz, vice president, Information Systems Group, Sharp Electronics Company in Mahwah, New Jersey. "With its extremely efficient operating system, GEOS, we can deliver a device that provides customers with a product with rich functionality, a graphical, easy to use environment and weeks of battery life." The Sharp PT-9000 has both pen input and a detachable keyboard. This unique design takes advantage of GeoWorks' patented user interface technology that eliminates input device dependence. Sharp's product is the first to deliver this type of flexibility. In addition to the system software, GeoWorks will provide several key applications including GeoWrite_, a full-featured word processor, GeoFile_, a forms based database and GeoCalc_ , a graphical WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) spreadsheet. GeoWorks is also providing file management, graphical user interface (GUI) and user preferences and desktop file compatibility. GeoWorks and Sharp will work together to encourage independent software vendors (ISVs) to develop third party applications to support this new Personal Information Assistant. GEOS delivers an open system that encourages software companies to be a part of this new computing mass market. Palm Computing, Los Altos, Calif., will provide GEOS-based Personal Information Management applications (PIMs) and America Online, Vienna, Va., will deliver native GEOS communications capabilities. Both companies are early developers of GEOS-based applications software that, in addition to the applications provided by GeoWorks, will deliver a complete set of functionality to Sharp's customers. Sharp now joins a short list of leading hardware manufacturers that have adopted the GEOS technology. GeoWorks will be holding its first Developer Conference at the Hyatt Regency in Burlingame, Calif. on October 25 and 26 where attendees will receive the new GEOS Software Development Kit (SDK) free. Call 1-800-524-1857 ext. 1214 for more information. Located in Berkeley, Calif., GeoWorks is the developer and publisher of the GEOS graphical operating system and application software. The company provides sophisticated and highly efficient system software with rich functionality that will enable hardware manufacturers to market low-cost devices with extended battery life. GeoWorks also develops applications in the communications, entertainment and information management markets. GeoWorks products are available worldwide through OEMs, dealer channels an republishers. As a recognized leader in consumer, office and industrial electronics products, Sharp Electronic Corp. has sales of over $2.4 billion, markets some 1,200 products in over 40 product categories and employs more than 2,200 people nationwide. Founded in 1962, Sharp Electronics is the U.S. sales and marketing subsidiary of Japan's Sharp Corp., and is a leading seller of many electronics product lines, including LCD products, camcorders, microwave ovens, electronic organizers, copiers, facsimile machines and calculators. GeoWorks, GEOS and GeoFile are registered trademarks and GeoWrite and GeoCalc are trademarks of GeoWorks. All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders. CONTACT: Holly Zmetrovich/Karl Fields FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE The Bohle Company (310) 785-0515, ext. 227/233 Deborah Dawson GeoWorks (510) 204-8550 GEOWORKS ANNOUNCES FIRST SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS CONFERENCE: "GEOS: THE NEW PROFIT PLATFORM" BERKELEY, Calif. -- GeoWorks, creator of the GEOS_ operating system, will host its first software developers conference Monday - Tuesday, Oct. 25 - 26, at the Hyatt Regency, Burlingame, Calif. The two-day conference, "GEOS: The New Profit Platform," will highlight the opportunities available to independent software vendors (ISVs) in the emerging market for low-cost, high-volume consumer computing devices (CCDs). GeoWorks provides the underlying system software for the Zoomer_ Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a handheld, pen-based device developed jointly with Tandy, Casio, Palm Computing, Intuit and America Online. GEOS is also the system software for several soon-to-be-announced CCDs that will be low-cost and have long battery life. The market for these types of mobile devices is poised for explosive growth and will eventually exceed that of the personal computer industry, according to industry analysts. During the conference, attendees will receive, free, GeoWorks' new Software Development Kit (SDK) and senior executives from hardware manufacturers will be discussing their marketing plans for new devices utilizing GEOS system software. GeoWorks OEM partners participating in the conference include Tandy, Casio and other major, worldwide consumer electronics companies. Other speakers include Brian Dougherty, chairman and CEO, GeoWorks, who will provide his vision of the long-range opportunity for mass- market consumer computing devices. Jeff Hawkins, chairman of Palm Computing, will address the benefits of GEOS' rapid product development cycle. Analysts Bruce Stephen, director of PC hardware research, International Data Corp.; William Ablondie, vice president, BIS Strategic Decisions; and Kenneth Dulaney, vice president Mobile Business Strategies, Gartner Group; will discuss their perspectives on the opportunities this new market will create. "Companies looking to develop for PDAs and other GEOS-based mobile devices will hear firsthand which markets have the most potential and learn about specific opportunities for developing vertical market applications," said Dougherty. "Attendees will have access to fellow developers, our hardware partners and key industry analysts who will provide technical comparisons of existing operating systems, overviews of support that's available in the market today and feedback on 'killer applications.'" Marketing track sessions will include an analysis of how selecting the right operating systems could impact the profit potential for ISVs and a review of why this market holds tremendous opportunity for high-volume horizontal or vertical applications that meet users' needs. The technical track lineup includes a GEOS system software overview, a detailed session on GeoWorks' new toolkit for developers, an engineering overview of Zoomer and a look at how to work with PIM Data. The Hyatt Regency is located at 1333 Bayshore Hwy., Burlingame, Calif. To register, call GeoWorks at 1 (800) 524-1857, ext. 1214. The cost for attending is $445 for early-bird registrants and $595 after Oct. 6. GEOS and GeoWorks are registered trademarks of GeoWorks in the U.S. and other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders. CONTACT: Holly Zmetrovich/Karl Fields FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE The Bohle Company (310) 785-0515 Deborah Dawson GeoWorks (510) 204-8550 Debra Young CompuServe (614) 538-4553 GEOWORKS AND COMPUSERVE TO BOOST MOBILE COMPUTING; WORLDWIDE ON-LINE SERVICE COMPANY COMMITS TO GEOS PLATFORM BERKELEY, Calif. -- GeoWorks has garnered support from CompuServe Inc., bringing the world's leading on-line information service and its Host Micro InterfaceSM (HMISM) toolbox to the software company's GEOS_ operating system platform. GEOS will be the first operating system for mobile devices to include CompuServe. In addition, GEOS developers will be able to obtain support via a forum on the CompuServe Information Service. GEOS is the leading, object-oriented, graphical operating system designed for the emerging class of personal digital assistants (PDAs) and other mobile devices. GeoWorks licenses its technology to OEMs for a wide range of products. As developers and CompuServe create new software on GEOS, traveling professionals will have immediate access to CompuServe's array of information sources, including news, stock quotes and weather briefs. More than 1.4 million members will also be able to send and receive electronic mail messages as they travel around the world, using CompuServe's GEOS-based interface on their PDAs. "The ability to communicate anytime, anywhere is critical to the success of consumer computing devices," Brian Dougherty, chief executive officer, GeoWorks said. "By partnering with CompuServe, we allow our hardware partners to bring the most extensive worldwide on-line services available today directly to their customers." Under the agreement, CompuServe will bring its HMI toolbox to GEOS to facilitate development of a broad range of services for CompuServe users. Certified independent software developers can now create new software that runs on the GEOS platform to provide access to additional CompuServe services. "GeoWorks has an established reputation as a leading player in the palmtop/PDA market and has strong support from major hardware manufacturers," said Jim Hogan, director of product marketing, CompuServe. "We are excited about our partnership and commitment to the GEOS platform and believe it will drive mobile computing forward." GeoWorks and CompuServe are establishing a special service and support forum for all GEOS independent software vendors (ISVs) on CompuServe who are registered for GeoWorks developer support services. Members can post messages or communicate with other developers, upload and download files, obtain the latest GEOS information and submit technical questions to GeoWorks. The forum will be on-line Sept. 15, 1993. ISVs looking for in-depth information on developing applications for the GEOS platform can attend the GeoWorks Developer's Conference, Monday - Tuesday, Oct. 25 - Oct. 26, 1993. The two-day session will focus on markets which have the most potential and specific opportunities for developing vertical market applications. Jim Hogan from CompuServe will serve as a panelist at the conference. The conference will be held at the Hyatt Regency Hotel, 1333 Bayshore Hwy., Burlingame, Calif. To register, ISVs call 1-800-524-1857. For other information, ISVs can call GeoWorks direct at 510-644-0883 ext. 749. Located in Berkeley, Calif., GeoWorks is the developer and publisher of the GEOS graphical operating system and application software. The company provides sophisticated and highly efficient system software and markets targeted applications for an emerging class of consumer computing devices designed to communicate, entertain and manage information for mass market consumers. GeoWorks products are available worldwide through OEMs, dealer channels and republishers. Established in 1979, the CompuServe Information Service provides its worldwide membership of 1.4 million with more than 1,700 databases and services to meet both business and personal interests. CompuServe can be accessed by any modem-equipped personal computer utilizing the CompuServe Information Manager graphical interfaces for DOS, Mac and Windows environments or the many third party user interfaces that take advantage of CompuServe's open architecture. CompuServe is an H&R Block Company. GEOS and GeoWorks are registered trademarks of GeoWorksin the U.S. and other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders.