 Six
normal universities operate directly under the Ministry
of Education. They are: Beijing Normal University, Northeast
China Teachers University (located in Changchun, Jilin
province), East China Teachers University (in Shanghai),
Central China Teachers University (in Wuhan, Hubei province),
Southwest China Teachers University (in Chongqing) and
Shaanxi Teachers University (in Xi'an). These schools
enroll graduates of senior middle schools of the same
year either from around the country or from the regions
of their location and train them into secondary school
teachers. At the same time, they have the task of cultivating
and training teachers for normal schools and colleges.
Every province (autonomous region, centrally-administered
municipality) has a number of normal universities and
colleges, whose job is to cultivate primary and secondary
school teachers. Generally speaking, a county has a teachers
continuation school providing on-the-job training to primary
school teachers. Every normal school and
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teachers continuation school, which has a fairly
fixed service area, is a training base for teachers.
Normal schools
at different levels in China are all run by the government.
Secondary normal schools mainly enroll graduates of
junior middle schools with the length of schooling
being 3 or 4 years; and they train students into elementary
education and kindergarten teachers. There are also
five-year  classes
for cultivating teachers of a higher caliber as well
as two-year classes enrolling mainly community-hired
teachers. Normal colleges and universities have four-year
(undergraduate) classes devoted to the cultivation
of secondary school teachers and two-year classes
devoted to the cultivation of elementary school teachers.
Some normal colleges and universities have graduate
schools, which cultivate college teachers and do education-related
researches. Normal colleges and universities also
provide training for secondary school teachers by
running correspondence programs, evening
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