Since 1978, the Ministry of Education has received, actively and cautiously, donations for Chinese education from friendly organizations and individuals abroad and Chinese compatriots in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, to the cumulative tune of hundreds of millions of U.S. dollars. Beginning from 1980, the Ministry of Education has rationally used World Bank loans for educational purposes. In the 1990s, World Bank loans were included in China's investment plans for education. A system for the management of loans and domestic matching funds has been established. Grants from the UN Development Program, the UN Children's Fund and the UN Population Fund have been used effectively. The Teacher Education Center established by the UN Children's Fund has created good conditions for the training of teachers. China also uses development funds from foreign governments, such as grants from Canada's International Development Organization, which are used mainly for providing education on economic management and vocational training.