The science education reform plan of "Learning by doing" is proposed by the Ministry of Education and the Science Association of China on the base of concluding the achievements, experiences, analyzing the problems existing in the science education of children, primary school and high school students, and absorbing and referring to the advanced international education theories and education methods. This Action Plan is participated, promoted and exerted by the mutual endeavors of scientists, education researchers and teachers who are engaged in the enhancement of fundamental education level, science education research and reform. The goal of "Learning by doing" science education is to provide opportunities for children in preschool and primary school education to discover the mysteries of the nature by themselves; teach them fundamental science knowledge and initial science discovering ability during their experience of science discovery activities like observing, raising questions, imagination, experimenting, expressing and communicating; promote the all-around development of children; and set necessary foundation for the cultivation of future civilians with excellent science quality. The "Learning by doing" is not an elite education, but its aim is the enhancement of whole civilian science quality.