LS

NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

OPTIONS

-a, --all

List all files in directories, including all files that start with `.'.

-b, --escape

Quote nongraphic characters in file names using alphabetic and octal backslash sequences like those used in C.

-c, --time=ctime, --time=status

Sort directory contents according to the files' status change time instead of the modification time. If the long listing format is being used, print the status change time instead of the modification time.

-d, --directory

List directories like other files, rather than listing their contents.

-f

Do not sort directory contents; list them in whatever order they are stored on the disk. The same as enabling -a and -U and disabling -l, -s, and -t.

--full-time

List times in full, rather than using the standard abbreviation heuristics.

-g

Ignored; for Unix compatibility.

-i, --inode

Print the index number of each file to the left of the file name.

-k, --kilobytes

If file sizes are being listed, print them in kilobytes. This overrides the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT.

-l, --format=long, --format=verbose

In addition to the name of each file, print the file type, permissions, number of hard links, owner name, group name, size in bytes, and timestamp (the modification time unless other times are selected). For files with a time that is more than 6 months old or more than 1 hour into the future, the timestamp contains the year instead of the time of day.

-m, --format=commas

List files horizontally, with as many as will fit on each line, separated by commas.

-n, --numeric-uid-gid

List the numeric UID and GID instead of the names.

-p

Append a character to each file name indicating the file type.

-q, --hide-control-chars

Print question marks instead of nongraphic characters in file names.

-r, --reverse

Sort directory contents in reverse order.

-s, --size

Print the size of each file in 1K blocks to the left of the file name. If the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT is set, 512-byte blocks are used instead.

-t, --sort=time

Sort directory contents by timestamp instead of alphabetically, with the newest files listed first.

-u, --time=atime, --time=access, --time=use

Sort directory contents according to the files' last access time instead of the modification time. If the long listing format is being used, print the last access time instead of the modification time.

-x, --format=across, --format=horizontal

List the files in columns, sorted horizontally.

-A, --almost-all

List all files in directories, except for `.' and `..'.

-B, --ignore-backups

Do not list files that end with `~', unless they are given on the command line.

-C, --format=vertical

List files in columns, sorted vertically.

-F, --classify

Append a character to each file name indicating the file type. For regular files that are executable, append a `*'. The file type indicators are `/' for directories, `@' for symbolic links, `|' for FIFOs, `=' for sockets, and nothing for regular files.

-G, --no-group

Inhibit display of group information in a long format directory listing.

-L, --dereference

List the files linked to by symbolic links instead of listing the contents of the links.

-N, --literal

Do not quote file names.

-Q, --quote-name

Enclose file names in double quotes and quote nongraphic characters as in C.

-R, --recursive

List the contents of all directories recursively.

-S, --sort=size

Sort directory contents by file size instead of alphabetically, with the largest files listed first.

-U, --sort=none

Do not sort directory contents; list them in whatever order they are stored on the disk. This option is not called -f because the Unix ls -f option also enables -a and disables -l, -s, and -t. It seems useless and ugly to group those unrelated things together in one option. Since this option doesn't do that, it has a different name.

-X, --sort=extension

Sort directory contents alphabetically by file extension (characters after the last `.'); files with no extension are sorted first.

-1, --format=single-column

List one file per line.

-w, --width cols

Assume the screen is cols columns wide. The default is taken from the terminal driver if possible; otherwise the environment variable COLUMNS is used if it is set; otherwise the default is 80.

-T, --tabsize cols

Assume that each tabstop is cols columns wide. The default is 8.

-I, --ignore pattern

Do not list files whose names match the shell pattern pattern unless they are given on the command line. As in the shell, an initial `.' in a filename does not match a wildcard at the start of pattern.

--help

Print a usage message on standard output and exit successfully.

--version

Print version information on standard output then exit successfully.

BUGS

Index

NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

OPTIONS

BUGS