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Understanding Printers

General post-installation troubleshooting

Image created in an application cannot be printed correctly

Certain colors cannot be printed

Even after changing the ink cassette, the message "Please change the ink cassette" appears on the screen

The page margin is slanted

After changing the printer, the size of the printed image changed

After the printer was changed, the same color could not be reproduced

After changing the paper, the color changed too

Dirty printout

Blurry printout

Printout is blotchy

Letters embedded in an image have jagged edges

Objects in the center of a photograph have jagged edges

Enlarged printouts look coarse

Cleaning up coarse enlargements

Captured screen images look coarse when printed

Perimeters of objects lose definition in reduced printouts

Discrepancies in color

The printed colors are completely different from those of the original photograph

Image looks good when printed, but poor on the monitor

Image looks good on the monitor, but poor when printed

Colors on the printout do not match the colors on the monitor

Every time the data is printed, the color changes

Images copied and pasted between applications change colors

Photograph shading and color cast

Photograph is too dark

Photograph is too bright

The edge of the subject is blurred in a bright photograph

Correcting a red color cast

Correcting a blue color cast

Whites are washed out

Shadow detail is obscured

Adjusting the color balance and contrast

The colors are unappealing

The image was ruined when I tried to soften a color

What can be done about foggy old photographs?

The original data lacks continuous gradation

The edges of the principal subjects are unclear

The photograph favors a certain color

The contrast is too high

The contrast is too low

Making necessary adjustments

Smoothing the printout's gradation

Adjusting dissolved edges of the subject

Adjusting the skin color

Removing unwanted items from the picture

Reducing the printing time

Making the background image visible

Fitting an image to the paper

Problems that occur with special data

CMYK image is smudged when printed

Colors fade when compressed data is printed

Synthesized images look unnatural

Image data created on Windows has different colors on the Macintosh

The message "Cannot print RGB data" is displayed

I used ColorSync, but the colors from the printing shop don't match my original (Macintosh)

Understanding Scanners

Original copy and flatbed

The scanned image is scratched or stained

Fixing scratches on the original image

Part of the image scanned from books and magazines is blurred

When scanned, one edge of the original is always missing from the printout

The weight of the original is so light that its position on the flatbed easily shifts

Color image

The screen image and printed output do not match the original image

The full-color scanned image is smeared and not faithfully reproduced

Only 256 colors can be displayed on the notebook PC

Resolution and image size

How to verify the resolution of a stored file

The dots on the printout of a scanned photo appear grainy

The printed image does not fit neatly onto the output paper

The scanned image is small and must be enlarged

When an image from the Web was printed, the letters appeared squashed

The printout turns out to be the same size as the original, though its size on the monitor is different

The screen size of the image size and the file size are the same; however, their respective printout sizes differ

Size and variety of stored files

When scanning an image, a "Not enough virtual memory space" error message appears on the screen

Importing high-resolution images is slow

he size of the image is too large for use on the Web

File format suitable for creating graphics

File format suited for the photo image

The file size of images stored in the BMP format increased

Image quality

Distant scenery of a photo is blurred and needs editing

Choosing between the film scanner or the flatbed scanner

Scanning photos from magazines and leaflets results in unwanted moiré patterns

Scanning and enhancing poor quality photos

The scanned image is blurred and needs to be improved

The scanned image is too clear

Overall appearance of the scanned image is too dark

The scanned image is too bright

Choosing between a brightness or contrast adjustment

Tone

The image of the scanned photo is dim and lacks clarity

The image of the scanned photo is too vivid and needs to be subdued

The image of the scanned illustration is dull and needs clarity

The image of the scanned illustration is too vivid and needs to be subdued

Normalizing an image wholly saturated with red

Normalizing an image wholly saturated with yellow

Normalizing an image wholly saturated with blue

Normalizing an image wholly saturated with green

Monochrome images and Optical Character Recognition (OCR)

Some parts of a scanned black-and-white image turned out colored

Images imported in color cannot be reproduced neatly with facsimiles or monochrome printers

The letters of a scanned copy are not clear

When text printed against a colored background is scanned, it is not printed out clearly

OCR generates noise around text

Text appears dim when using OCR

Film scanner and transparency unit

Colors after scanning negative film are reversed

Colors after scanning slide film are reversed

The scanned image is out of focus

Although the film is properly set in the carrier, a part of the image is missing

When the film is scanned with the flatbed scanner, the image turns black

When the transparency unit is set on the flatbed scanner and a normal copy is scanned, the color is distorted

The scanned image appears upside down or inside out

When a 35-mm film is scanned with the transparency unit, its periphery is out of focus

When the image's dpi setting is lowered, the imported image becomes smaller

Although the size is designated before scanning, the actual display is smaller than the designated size

Understanding Digital Cameras

Taking pictures

Shaking the camera because of unstable posture

Shaking the camera because of improper pressure on the shutter button

Moving subjects that come out blurred

Shaded subjects that come out blurred

The difficulties of panning

The time lag inherent in digital cameras

Time needed for digital cameras to store images

Differences between the image in the finder and the image that is actually saved

Using the self-timer

Focus

How does something go out of focus?

Framing a shot with focus lock

Close-ups

Differences in sharpness due to variable light conditions (contrast)

Photographing a subject through a window

Exposure

Exposure on digital cameras

Influences of subject and background brightness

Front-lit and back-lit scenes (extremes of contrast)

The influence of subject reflectivity on the exposure

The influence of subject's luminance on the exposure

Overexposure when using the built-in flash

Underexposure when using the built-in flash

Red eyes caused by the flash

Blurry nighttime illumination

Adjusting exposure time

White balance

The auto-white balance function

Color changes with the time of day

Fluorescent light, incandescent light, and mercury lamps

Indoor photography with and without flash

Mixing light sources

The effect of color correction filters designed for conventional cameras

Image quality selection

The difference between high, medium, and standard quality

Photographing in the monochrome mode

Making good use of the macro mode of the camera

Using digital zoom effectively

Panorama effect

The position of the light source

Adding light to back-lit subjects

Ghosts in back-lit photographs

Flares caused by back-lighting

Details that must be sacrificed under conditions of high contrast

Slight overcast offers ideal conditions

Photographing transparent subjects

Photographing dark scenes

When a bright window is in the background, use the flash

The position of light changes according to the hour and the season

Maintenance

Proper storage

What to do if it rains

Keeping your camera clean

Fogged lens

Handling your camara properly

Servicing your camera

Understanding Color

Light and Color

What is color?

The color spectrum

Self-luminous color and object color

The three primary colors of light

The three primary colors

Properties of color and color matching

Attributes of color

The color wheel and complementary colors

Color temperature

Measuring color and colorimetrics

Calibration and characterization

Setting the color balance on your computer monitor (gamma correction)

Apple ColorSync

Color models

What is a color model?

The Munsell color system and the Ostwald color system

CIE color models

HSL color model

RGB color model

CMYK color model

PhotoYCC (Photo CD)

Effect of colors and color schemes

Adaptation

Human color perception apparatus (optic nerve and brain)

Hue contrast and complementary color contrast

Luminous contrast and chroma contrast

Hue color schemes

Tone color schemes

The color scheme theory of Johannes Itten

Color reproduction

The range of color reproduction

How are colors reproduced in printing?

Process color and spot color

Process color and color separation

Covering the underlayer, superimposing layers, and trapping

Halftone (halftone screen), dot gain, Moiré effect

UCR (undercolor removal) and GCR (gray component replacement)

Reproducing color with monitors, printers, and scanners

Color management systems and gamut mapping

RGB monitor

Liquid crystal display

Color reproduction and printers

Color reproduction in color film

Color reproduction in computer systems

Paper and color

Digital imaging systems and characteristics

Images that can be manipulated by the computer

Sampling and quantization

Resolution and lines per inch

Color images, gray-scale images, and binary images (line-drawing images)

High-key images, low-key images, reflected images

Color casts, overexposure, underexposure

Ideas

For businesses

POP displays

Printing banners

Creating a restaurant menu

Creating posters

Creating guide maps

Printing real estate information

Simulating hairstyles

For the office

Creating new pages for your personal organizer

Printing address labels

Creating a letterhead

Creating business cards

Creating overhead projector transparencies

Creating business reports

Making leaflets

Making booklets and brochures

For factory

Product design

Designing packaging

Making bottle labels

Apparel design simulation

Making color samples

Simulating automobile body colors

Simulating architecture and scenery

For school

Preparing tests

Creating a school newspaper

Creating announcements of school events

Creating an illustrated book

Creating an original calendar

Using your system as a color copier

For the home

Printing labels

Recording your child's life

Family photo albums

Making postcards

Making photo stickers

Making iron-on transfers for T-shirts

Creating an illustrated diary

Printing recipe cards

For the hobbiest

Printing video images

Printing images from video games

Paper craft

Putting images in your homepage

Printing photographs from your digital camera

Making book covers

For working with digital data

Taking portraits

Photographing animals

Photographing scenery

Still life

Photographing buildings

Using the camera for business

The differing functions of the flatbed and film scanners

Glossary

AAS (Auto Area Segmentation)

ADF (Auto Document Feeder)

API (Application Program Interface)

Bit (Binary digit)

BMP

Brightness

CMY

CMYK

Color management

Color separation

ColorSync

Contrast

Display resolution

Dithering

DPI (Dots Per Inch)

DTP (Desktop Publishing)

DTP software

Error diffusion

Filter

Gamma

Gap adjustment

Gradation

Gray scale

Halftoning

Head cleaning

Highlight/midtones/shadow

Hue fidelity

ICM (Image Color Matching)

Image editing software

Image resolution

JPEG

Microweave

Moiré

Newton ring

OCR (Optical Character Recognition)

Photo Enhance

PICT

Pixel

Postscript

Printing resolution

Resolution

Rendering

RGB

Screen calibration

Screen line number

Software RIP

sRGB

TET (Text Enhanced Technology)

Threshold value

Tone correction

Tone curve

Transparency copying unit

TWAIN

VRAM