%% This document created by Scientific Notebook (R) Version 3.0


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%TCIDATA{<META NAME="ViewSettings" CONTENT="31">}
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%TCIDATA{<META NAME="Title" CONTENT="Technical Information">}
%TCIDATA{Created=Mon Aug 19 14:52:24 1996}
%TCIDATA{LastRevised=Mon Mar 24 12:14:31 1997}
%TCIDATA{Language=American English}
%TCIDATA{CSTFile=Help.cst}

\input{tcilatex}
\begin{document}


\section{Technical Information}

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\subsection{\ New Features in Scientific Notebook}

\textsl{Scientific Notebook }adds to the capabilities of version 2.5 of
Scientific WorkPlace and Scientific Word with these new and enhanced
features:

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{lll}
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\hspace{0.3in}links, and navigation & \hyperref{\FRAME{itbpF}{16.6875pt}{%
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'NBlogo.wmf';file-properties "NPEU";}}Direct printing}{}{}{Direct} & 
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\end{tabular}
\medskip
\end{center}

\subsection{\ Internet Access, Document Links, and Navigation\label{Internet}
}

\textsl{Scientific Notebook }can open its own .tex files over the web in two
ways. You can

\begin{itemize}
\item  Use File Open Location to type a Uniform Resource Locator (URL).

\item  Use Insert Field to enter a \hyperref{hypertext link}{}{}{%
Hypertext_links.tex} with an URL target.
\end{itemize}

The File Open Location dialog box has a drop-down list that remembers
recently opened URLs. The .tex files at URL locations are read-only files.
If you save the files locally, you can use the information they contain in
your own documents. You can also perform computations on the mathematics
they contain.

Two web-related items appear on the Help menu:

\begin{itemize}
\item  Click \textbf{Resource Center} to open the \textsl{Scientific
Notebook }Resource Center document

\item  Click \textbf{Web Site} to open the \textsl{Scientific Notebook }Web
site using an external Web browser.
\end{itemize}

\subsubsection{Cross-Document Hypertext Links}

\hyperref{Hypertext links}{}{}{Hypertext_links.tex} can have URL targets as
well as local file targets outside the current document. You can also
specify a marker within a document using the standard HTML syntax. The 
\hyperref{History list}{}{}{history.tex} retains\ link information across
documents. You can access the list with \hyperref{Go History}{}{}{%
Go_menu_commands.tex}.

The combination of \hyperref{Internet access}{}{}{Internet.tex} and
cross-document hypertext links means that \textsl{Scientific Notebook }%
follows the model of standard web browsers, using TeX documents in place of
HTML documents.

\subsubsection{Document Links}

\hyperref{Document links}{}{}{links.tex} are a special form of hypertext
links that provide the mechanism for uniform navigation of ``chunked''
documents. Online documents should be constructed as a series of small
documents that, for the most part, can fit on a single screen. You use
document links to connect the documents together in a logical structure
without having to include hypertext links in the actual text of your
documents.

You establish document links using the File Document Info Links dialog box.
You access linked documents from the \hyperref{Go Links menu}{}{}{%
Go_menu_commands.tex} or from the \hyperref{Link toolbar}{}{}{%
Links_toolbar.tex}:

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81.9375pt;cropleft "0";croptop "1";cropright "1";cropbottom "0";filename
'linksbar2.WMF';file-properties "NPEU";}} The Link toolbar serves as an
external navigation tool; it speeds moving from document to document.

\subsubsection{Internal Navigation}

The \hyperref{Navigate toolbar}{}{}{Navigate_toolbar.tex} serves as an
internal navigation tool; it speeds moving around within your document:

\FRAME{dtbpF}{4.8352in}{0.4151in}{0pt}{}{}{navigate.wmf}{\special{language
"Scientific Word";type "GRAPHIC";display "PICT";valid_file "F";width
4.8352in;height 0.4151in;depth 0pt;original-width 345.5625pt;original-height
27.875pt;cropleft "0";croptop "1";cropright "1";cropbottom "0";filename
'Navigate.wmf';file-properties "NPEU";}}

The navigate toolbar shows the \hyperref{structure of a document}{}{}{%
structure.tex}.

Both external and internal jumps appear on the \hyperref{History list}{}{}{%
history.tex}.

\subsubsection{Icons for Hypertext Links and External Program Calls}

You can use icons in place of text as the visible anchors for \hyperref{%
hypertext links}{}{}{Hypertext_links.tex} and \hyperref{external program
calls}{}{}{External.tex}. When the mouse moves over icons that are serving
as anchors, the \hyperref{mouse pointer}{}{}{Mouse_pointers.tex} appears as
a pointing hand.

For example, this icon \hyperref{\TCIIcon{BITMAPSETAction}{0.4514in}{0.4765in%
}{0in}}{}{}{Direct} is a link to the Direct Printing section below. Click
the icon to jump to that section.

\subsubsection{Recycling Read-only Windows}

In the Tools User Setup Files page, you can set a limit for the number of
read-only windows open at one time. When you reach this number, opening a
new read-only window closes the least recently used window. \textsl{%
Scientific Notebook }is a multiple document interface (MDI) application,
while the standard browsers are single document interface (SDI)
applications. In an MDI application, you want to control read/write windows
yourself. At the same time, you may want several read-only windows open at
one time.

\subsection{\ Direct Printing\label{Direct}}

The File Preview and File Print commands provide direct printing using the
same output routines that are used to display documents on the main \textsl{%
Scientific Notebook }screen. (We plan to add this feature to the next
release of Scientific Word and Scientific WorkPlace. Those products will
have a separate Typeset menu for compiling, previewing, and printing
documents with TeX.)

Although direct \hyperref{printing}{}{}{Printing_documents.tex} and 
\hyperref{previewing}{}{}{preview.tex} are generally much faster than their
TeX equivalents, significant tradeoffs are involved. The direct print
capabilities are simpler than those available with TeX. Direct printing does
not offer hyphenation, kerning, ligatures, footnotes, margin notes,
automatic table of contents or index generation. TeX's mathematical
typesetting is superior.

The new File \hyperref{Page Setup}{}{}{page_setup.tex} dialog box provides
settings for page \hyperref{margins}{}{}{margins.tex} and for \hyperref{%
headers and footers}{}{}{headers_footers.tex}. \hyperref{Page numbers}{}{}{%
page_numbering.tex} are the only automatically supplied objects available
for headers and footers.

\subsection{\ Help Files\label{Help}}

All Help files are in \textsl{Scientific Notebook}'s native document form,
as a series of hyperlinked documents. The online Help has been expanded and
modified for \textsl{Scientific Notebook}.

The content of \textit{\hyperref{\textit{Doing Mathematics with Scientific
Notebook}}{}{}{dm0-0.tex} }has been modified for the new online format and
is available through Help Contents and Help Index Computing Techniques.

The text of \textit{\hyperref{\textit{Getting Started with Scientific
Notebook}}{}{}{GSContents.tex} }is also online.

Reference materials are provided for mathematics and physics. Other
materials will be added as they become available. This material is available
through \hyperref{Help Index Reference Library}{}{}{RefContents.tex}.

\subsection{\ Mathematics\label{Computations}}

\subsubsection{Maple Release 4}

The Maple Release 4 kernel has been integrated with \textsl{Scientific
Notebook}. Features that use this new kernel are

\begin{itemize}
\item  Improved \hyperref{piecewise functions}{}{}{%
DM3-2.tex#Piecewise-defined function}.

\item  \hyperref{Partial differential equations}{}{}{DM10-4.tex#PDE}.
\end{itemize}

\subsubsection{Separate Computation Spaces}

Each document now maintains an independent set of Maple \hyperref{definitions%
}{}{}{DM5-2.tex}. The Maple Settings Definition Options dialog box now
applies to individual documents, and is no longer global. There is no need
for the option to clear existing definitions when a document is loaded. We
have set the defaults to always save and to always \hyperref{restore
definitions}{}{}{DM5-3.tex#Saving definitions}.

Each \hyperref{view of a document}{}{}{Open_mult_views.tex} shows the same
set of definitions.

\subsubsection{Units}

\textsl{Scientific Notebook} provides for computations with \hyperref{named
physical units}{}{}{DM2-6.tex#Units}. You enter various units for physical
quantities using the Insert Unit Name dialog box. For example, if you enter
the expression $10\unit{m}+12\unit{ft}$ and choose Maple, Evaluate, the
result is $10\unit{m}+12\unit{ft}=\allowbreak 13.\,\allowbreak 658\unit{m}$.
Conversions are achieved using Maple Solve Exact:

\[
10\unit{m}=x\unit{ft},\text{Solution is}:\left\{ x=32.\,\allowbreak
808\right\} 
\]

\hyperref{Auto-recognize strings}{}{}{Auto_sub.tex} are supplied for most
units. In most cases, these strings are the unit name preceded with the
letter u. For example, if you are in mathematics and type \textsf{uft}, the
result is $\unit{ft}.$ An exception is the string \textsf{ume}, for meters---%
\textsf{um} alone would disallow the use of the string \textsf{umi}, for
miles.

You can set the color used for units in the \hyperref{Tag Appearance}{}{}{%
Tag_appearance.tex} dialog box.

\subsubsection{Points from Plots}

You can see the coordinates of the mouse pointer on a plot, and you can
click to record the current position. To start the process, double-click a
two-dimensional plot and then choose the new (x,y) tool. A \hyperref{special
dialog box}{}{}{DM6-3.tex#Plot coordinates dialog bar} appears with a
readout of the current point. Each time you click the plot, a point is
recorded.

You can select points in the dialog box for removal, or for pasting into
your document. For example, if you record points this way and then paste
while the plot is still selected, the points are plotted on the graph.

\subsubsection{Plot Labels and Tick Marks}

You can provide your own plain (ASCII) text for axis labels, and you can
control the axis tick marks using the \hyperref{Plot Properties}{}{}{%
DM6-3.tex#Plot components} dialog box.

\subsubsection{Random Matrices}

The Maple Matrices \hyperref{Random Matrix}{}{}{DM8-1.tex#Random matrix}
dialog box has been expanded so that you can specify the dimension, number
range, and matrix type (Unrestricted, Symmetric, Antisymmetric, or
Triangular).

\subsubsection{Choice of Maple Menus}

Two Maple menus are available---a simple version and the full version. There
are two schools of thought here---one is that the full menu might stimulate
further exploration; the other is that the full menu might intimidate and
demotivate high school students who are having difficulty with mathematics
anyway. Teachers can experiment with either approach and use the menu that
works best for their students.

\subsubsection{\noindent $\blacktriangleright $\quad \textbf{To }see the
full menu}

\begin{itemize}
\item  Check the Display Full Maple Menu box on the General page of the
Maple Settings dialog box.
\end{itemize}

\subsubsection{Stopping Computations}

The \hyperref{Stop button}{}{}{DM1-3.tex#Stopping a computation} interrupts
a computation. We've added a small arrow to the Maple leaf pointer to help
you use this button correctly. When you want to stop a Maple computation,
move the tip of the arrow so that it's on top of the Stop button, then click
the mouse.

\subsubsection{Formulas}

The new simple \hyperref{formula object}{}{}{DM5-4.tex#Formulas} provides a
way to enter a mathematical expression together with a Maple operation. What
appears on your screen is the result of the operation. For example, if you
enter $4a+7b-\left( 2a+b\right) $ in the Formula area and choose Simplify
from the Maple menu, on your screen you'll see $2a+6b$. The expression is
not displayed on the screen.

\subsubsection{Math Names}

Single-character \hyperref{math names}{}{}{DM5-1.tex#Function name} are
supported. Math name operators and functions/variables are properly
preserved during computations.

\subsection{\ Graphics Filters\label{Graphics}}

\textsl{Scientific Notebook} uses its own WMF file filter. All other filters
are \hyperref{bitmap filters}{}{}{Graphics.tex} supplied by Accusoft. The
program supports the web standard JPEG and GIF files, but not PostScript
graphics files.

\subsection{\ Tags\label{Tags}}

\subsubsection{Tags in Supplied .cst Files}

Information about the appearance of your document is contained in a .cst
file, which can be thought of as a style file.\vspace{1pt}Tags in supplied
.cst files have been restricted to a small set that is the intersection of
Standard LaTeX Article tag set and the HTML tag set.

\subsubsection{Tag Appearance}

The \hyperref{Tag Appearance}{}{}{Tag_appearance.tex} dialog box provides
access to a full range of .cst file features so that you can change the
appearance of document elements directly. The changes you make in the dialog
box directly affect the appearance of direct printing and previewing.

New features include:

\begin{itemize}
\item  colored backgrounds for \hyperref{paragraphs}{}{}{%
Changing_paragraph_specs.tex} and \hyperref{lead-ins}{}{}{%
Changing_leadin_specs.tex}; Transparent is a color choice

\item  \hyperref{line spacing}{}{}{Line_spacing.tex}

\item  the ability to \hyperref{hide tags}{}{}{Changing_tag_behavior.tex} so
that they don't appear on the \hyperref{tag bar popup list}{}{}{%
Popup_lists.tex}.

\item  \hyperref{left, right, center, and full justification of paragraphs}{%
}{}{Changing_paragraph_specs.tex}

\item  \hyperref{font size}{}{}{Changing_font_specs.tex} for text tags
\end{itemize}

If you don't want to change the appearance of all documents that use a given
style (.cst file), you should choose Save As when you make the first change.
This way, you can create a new style that is used by just the current
document. If you \ would like to create documents which use your new .cst
file, you can create a \hyperref{shell document}{}{}{shell_documents.tex}
which uses it.

\subsubsection{User-defined Popup Notes}

You can create your own classes of \hyperref{popup notes}{}{}{notes.tex} by
making entries in the appropriate .cst files from an ASCII editor. The icons
for these notes must use predefined icon names.

Tags for several different note types have been added to all .cst files
supplied\ with the system:

\begin{itemize}
\item  Margin Hint

\item  Solution Note

\item  Solution

\item  Problem Solving Hint

\item  Note

\item  Answer Note
\end{itemize}

These special tags activate choices in the Field Insert Note dialog box. \
When you click one of these notes in a read-only file, a special form of the
note dialog box appears---this form shows only the text window with no
additional controls. You can see this form of the dialog box by
Ctrl-clicking a note in a read/write document.

\subsubsection{Body Math}

The \hyperref{Body Math tag}{}{}{body_math.tex} has been added to each of
the supplied cst files. This tag is the default (starting) tag for the
document shell named Math Scratchpad---with instructions. If you apply this
paragraph tag, pressing the Enter key switches you to mathematics. This
makes a very useful environment for performing scratchpad computations
anywhere within a document.

\subsection{\ Fonts\label{Fonts}}

\subsubsection{Use of Unicode Internally}

\textsl{Scientific Notebook }incorporates a completely new implementation of
internal text storage. The new version uses Unicode and associated extended
Unicode TrueType fonts, and allows the program to support Unicode-based
fonts in documents.

\subsubsection{Fonts Supplied}

We supply our own font for mathematics, called tciuni. In the Control Panel
Fonts dialog box, you see four files: tciuni, tciuni Bold, tciuni Italic,
and tciuni Bold Italic.

We are supplying only the new Unicode font with \textsl{Scientific Notebook}%
. Additional fonts, such as those to support calligraphic, blackboard bold,
and fraktur, are not supplied. These tags are still recognized
correctly---they appear on the screen using a substitute font. The tags
themselves aren't be available directly in the .cst files released with 
\textsl{Scientific Notebook}. You'll see the tags in the Tag Appearance
dialog box, but they have been set so that they don't appear on the popups.

\subsection{\ New File Features\label{File features}}

\subsubsection{File New and File Style}

The File New and File Style dialog boxes are new. Unlike its counterpart in
Scientific WorkPlace and Scientific Word, the File New dialog box is
unrelated to File Style in any way---it simply provides a way of creating a
new document from a predefined shell.

In Scientific Notebook, creating new categories and entries in the File New
dialog box is easy. To create a new category, you create a new subdirectory
of the Scinotebook\TEXTsymbol{\backslash}Shells directory. The subdirectory
name appears as a new category in the File New dialog box as soon as you add
at least one \hyperref{shell file}{}{}{Shell_documents.tex} to it.

\subsubsection{\noindent $\blacktriangleright $\quad \textbf{To }create a
new shell entry for any category}

\begin{itemize}
\item  Save a file to the corresponding subdirectory of the Shells
directory, making sure to give it the .shl extension. The file name (without
the .shl extension) appears as a new entry in the category corresponding to
the subdirectory.
\end{itemize}

\subsubsection{\noindent $\blacktriangleright $\quad \textbf{To }change an
existing shell file}

\begin{itemize}
\item  Use File Open to open the shell (remember to list *.shl files), make
your changes, and choose File Save.
\end{itemize}

\subsubsection{View Settings and View Percent Retained in Document}

You can use the \hyperref{File Document Info Save Options}{}{}{%
Save_options.tex} dialog box to save View settings or View percentage with
your document. If you choose to save the settings, the values are updated
and saved with the document whenever you change the View settings and
subsequently save the document. Use this feature to force the View settings
for documents that you will be changing to read-only, or for shells that you
want to have appear with specified settings.

\subsubsection{New Save Options Page in Document Info Dialog Box}

The options to save additional document information with the document now
appear on a separate \hyperref{Save Options}{}{}{Save_options.tex} page of
the Document Info dialog box.

\subsubsection{Tools User Setup Settings for State Restoration}

The General panel of the Tools User Setup dialog box has a group entitled 
\hyperref{State Restoration}{}{}{State_restoration.tex}. This group has
checkboxes for

\begin{itemize}
\item  Save State Information

\item  Save Document Information

\item  Save View Information\smallskip
\end{itemize}

These settings apply to read-only documents, not to read/write documents.
When you have state saving enabled, the next time you start \textsl{%
Scientific Notebook}, the settings will take effect and the program will
return to the position in the last read-only document that you had open.

\subsubsection{New Database Engine}

We have upgraded to the latest version of CIndex II for our document
database management. In particular, loading \hyperref{quick load}{}{}{%
Save_quick.tex} documents over a network is significantly faster.

\subsubsection{Read-only .tex Documents}

When a document is read-only (that is, it is opened in browse mode), you
cannot make changes, and hypertext links and popup notes operate with a
single mouse click.

In version 2.5 of Scientific WorkPlace and Scientific Word, a document is
read-only if the \hyperref{quick load}{}{}{Save_quick.tex} file is
read-only. In \textsl{Scientific Notebook} and future versions of all of our
products, this read-only behavior has been extended to .tex files that have
the read-only attribute set. This means that you don't have to create a
quick load file to get the desired behavior. We made this change because
small .tex files load quickly, so if you're creating a large collection of
small documents, there is no need to create quick load files for each of
them. If some of the documents are large, you can selectively create quick
load files to reduce the amout of time \textsl{Scientific Notebook} takes to
load the document.

\subsubsection{Find in Read-only Documents}

You can use the \hyperref{Find}{}{}{Find_and_replace.tex} feature to locate
information in read-only documents.

\subsubsection{Find Descends into Hypertext Links}

You can use the \hyperref{Find}{}{}{Find_and_replace.tex} feature to locate
items in the on-screen text of hypertext links. This feature is essential
for creating searchable indexes, such as the \hyperref{Index to General
Information}{}{}{Index.tex} or the \hyperref{Index to Computing Techniques}{%
}{}{DMIndex.tex}, in which the items are all hypertext links to the main
text.

\subsubsection{Calculator Filters}

\textsl{Scientific Notebook} includes import filters for Casio, Hewlett
Packard, and Texas Instruments \hyperref{graphing calculators}{}{}{%
calculators.tex}. The filters import .txt files. Use File Import Contents
and select the appropriate filter.

\subsubsection{Wrap (*.rap) Option for File Save As and File Open}

The document manager, a separate program provided with Scientific WorkPlace
and Scientific Word, is included with \textsl{Scientific Notebook}. It
creates self sufficient \hyperref{wrap files}{}{}{Wrapped_files.tex}
containing not only the document but also any associated files, such as
graphics, that are required. It is called directly from the File Open and
File Save As dialog boxes. In each case, you choose the Wrap (*.rap) file
type.

\subsection{\ Use of the Operating System Registry\label{Registry}}

\textsl{Scientific Notebook} uses the system registry instead of an .ini
file. When you first start the program after installation, the registry
entries are constructed in a default state. If you have problems starting
the program at some later time, you can delete the entire registry entry for
the program, then try starting again.

\subsubsection{\noindent $\blacktriangleright $\quad \textbf{To }delete the
Scientific Notebook registry entries:}

\begin{enumerate}
\item  Make sure that \textsl{Scientific Notebook} is not running.

\item  Start the registry editor.

\item  Choose the HKEY\_CURRENT\_USER window.

\item  Choose Software

\item  Choose TCI Software Research

\item  Select the entry for \textsl{Scientific Notebook} (e.g.
C//SciNotebook/SCINOTEB.ini)

\item  Press the Delete key and OK the warning message.\medskip
\end{enumerate}

\subsection{\ Performance Improvements\label{Performance}}

Document loading, display, and scrolling are all faster in \textsl{%
Scientific Notebook.}

\subsection{\ Editing and the Interface\label{Edit}}

\subsubsection{Reduced Field Toolbar}

The Field toolbar for \textsl{Scientific Notebook} matches the Insert Field
menu and contains five buttons:

\FRAME{dtbpF}{1.1796in}{0.384in}{0pt}{}{}{field.wmf}{\special{language
"Scientific Word";type "GRAPHIC";display "PICT";valid-file "F";width
1.1796in;height 0.384in;depth 0pt;original-width 82.8125pt;original-height
25.625pt;cropleft "0";croptop "1";cropright "1";cropbottom "0";filename
'field.wmf';file-properties "NPEU";}}

\begin{itemize}
\item  \hyperref{Note}{}{}{Notes.tex}

\item  \hyperref{Marker}{}{}{markers.tex}

\item  \hyperref{Hypertext\ Link}{}{}{hypertext_links.tex}

\item  \hyperref{External Program Call}{}{}{External.tex}

\item  \hyperref{Formula}{}{}{Formula.tex}
\end{itemize}

\subsubsection{Default Action for Spacebar, Enter, and Tab keys}

The default action for the \hyperref{spacebar}{}{}{spacebar.tex}, Enter, and 
\hyperref{Tab}{}{}{tabs.tex} keys has been set to enter additional space
instead of opening a dialog box. This means that pressing the spacebar
repeatedly enters a series of spaces, pressing Enter repeatedly inserts a
series of blank lines, and pressing the Tab key enters an Em-space.

\subsubsection{``Empty'' Brackets}

The \hyperref{empty bracket}{}{}{Empty.tex}, which appears as a gray dotted
line in Scientific WorkPlace and Scientific Word, appears as a red dotted
line in \textsl{Scientific Notebook.} This line does not display if you have
the View Helper Lines setting off. This makes \hyperref{piecewise defined
functions}{}{}{DM3-2.tex#Piecewise-defined function} and other case
statements appear correctly on the screen and in print.

\subsubsection{Automatic list numbering}

\hyperref{Numbered lists}{}{}{Numbered_lists.tex} are automatically numbered
on the screen. Although not required in our earlier products in which TeX
does the printing, this feature is essential for direct printing. You can
set the numbering style for each level, and the bullet type, but only by
using an ASCII\ editor to change the .cst file.

\subsubsection{Mouse Pointer Status}

When the \hyperref{mouse pointer}{}{}{Mouse_pointers.tex} passes over a 
\hyperref{hypertext link}{}{}{Hypertext_links.tex}, an \hyperref{external
program call}{}{}{External.tex}, or a \hyperref{graphic}{}{}{%
Import_graphics.tex}, the \hyperref{Status area}{}{}{Status_bar.tex} gives
information about the object.

\subsection{\ Resources and Supplied Documents\label{Resources}}

\subsubsection{Online Resources at Our Web Site}

The \textsl{Scientific Notebook} \hyperref{Resource Center}{}{}{%
Resource_center.tex} contains a growing collection of additional
information, samples, suggestions and user-contributed materials. We're
eager to add to this collection. Please consider providing samples for
others to use.

\subsubsection{Samples and Examples}

We want to supply as many samples and examples as possible to illustrate the
many uses of \textsl{Scientific Notebook} in teaching and other settings.
The Examples directory provided with the system contains a small collection
of samples.

\subsection{\ Online Tests\label{Exams}}

\subsubsection{Input Objects}

\textsl{Scientific Notebook} provides equivalents of these HTML input
objects: radio buttons, check boxes, images, submit and hidden. Later
versions will include text and password.

Using these items, you can construct online multiple-choice tests.

\subsubsection{Exam Builder}

A new version of the \hyperref{Exam Builder}{}{}{EBContents.tex}, called
exambld2.exe, is installed in the same directory as \textsl{Scientific
Notebook}. The installation program does not provide an icon for this
program. You can create your own icon for developing tests, or you can start
the program directly from a DOS prompt.

The source file format for exambld2 is significantly different from that
used in the Exam\ Builder provided with version 2.5 of Scientific WorkPlace
and Scientific Word. The new format uses headings as much as possible to
keep the format as close to standard LaTeX as possible.

The software includes several special commands for generating random
numbers. The command $\func{rand}(a)$, where $a$ is a positive integer,
picks a random number in the range $[0,a-1]$. The command $\func{rand}(a,b)$%
, where $a$ and $b$ are integers, picks a number at random in the range $%
[a,b]$. The command $\func{rand}(\{set\})$, where $\{set\}$ is a set of
integers, picks a number at random from the set. The selection and
substitution are done by Maple when the generated exam is loaded. For
example, mathematical statements such as $a=\func{rand}(3,5)$ placed in
Setup sections are converted to Maple definitions that are made
automatically when the test is loaded, and are invisible to the user.

You can use this facility to generate plots for questions. For example, if
you enter $p=\func{rand}(3,5)x^{2}-\func{rand}(5,7)x+\func{rand}(2,4)$ in a
Setup section and then plot $p$ in the Statement section, you can set the
range and other plot parameters (the plot will appear as a straight line in
the source document), and the generated test will display the appropriate
plot. Once you have plotted $p$, you can delete the symbol $p$ from the
statement.\ In the Statement section of the question, you can enter 
\hyperref{formula objects}{}{}{Formula.tex}. For example, if the Setup
section contains the definition $a=\func{rand}(5,7)$ then you provide a
formula object that evaluates $a$ in the question Statement section to
display the number chosen for $a$. Insert formulas with the Insert Field
Formula dialog box.\vspace{1pt}

These features provide a way to program algorithmically generated tests. Our
goal is to make the programming of these tests very straightforward. The
full power of \textsl{Scientific Notebook}'s Maple Definition facility can
be used in the Setup sections.

The test generation system relies heavily on the fact that each document now
has a separate Maple environment, the new formula objects, and the new
default automatic loading of definitions when documents are opened.

You can develop quizzes conveniently as follows.

\begin{enumerate}
\item  Create the source document and leave it open.

\item  Start Exam Builder and compile a test from the source document. Leave
Exam Builder open.

\item  Open the generated test.

\item  Make changes to the source document, save it, click Compile in Exam
Builder, then click on the open result document in \textsl{Scientific
Notebook}. You'll be prompted to reload the document. When the document
reloads, you see the newly generated version. Repeat as often as necessary.
\end{enumerate}

The concept of multiple question variants has been carried over from the
previous exam builder, so that you can have question variants selected at
random as before.

Exambld2 also provides a choice for generating printed versions of tests.

\subsubsection{Architecture}

To take a test, you open a file with the extension .qiz. \textsl{Scientific
Notebook} assumes that this is a source file and runs exambld2 with this
file as input, generating a temporary read-only .tex file containing the
resulting test and opening the .tex file. The correct answers to the
problems are provided in encrypted form in a hidden input field. When the
student clicks the button to grade the quiz, a set of name-value pairs is
generated from the input objects. This data is passed to a dynamic link
library called tcicgi.dll. This acts like an Internet server, passing the
data on to a cgi (Common Gateway Interface) program and retrieving the
result from that program. You specify the cgi program name in the source
file for your test. This program is the grading program. It receives the
name-value pairs and constructs a document that is displayed as the result.
It uses the encrypted hidden field value to grade the test.

The grading program could also be used to store or transmit the test
responses. Since the architecture models that of cgi, it is very flexible.

We have taken ``real'' cgi programs and modified them to work with this
system. The only change that is needed is to generate a LaTeX document as
the result, in place of an HTML document.

You're free to replace either the Exam Builder, or the cgi grading program,
with your own creations. For example, you could use text input fields for
free form responses and then develop your own program for grading those
responses. You could develop a much richer language for generating the Maple
definitions and for the problem statements.

\subsection{\ Differences in Documents\label{Differences in Documents}}

When you load a \textsl{Scientific Notebook} document with Scientific
WorkPlace, these elements are lost:

\begin{itemize}
\item  The input objects (radio buttons, check boxes, images, submit
buttons, text fields and hidden fields

\item  The new independent setting of .cst files\vspace{1pt}
\end{itemize}

\textsl{Scientific Notebook} has additional \hyperref{note}{}{}{Notes.tex}
types beyond footnote and margin note. These notes are not recognized by
Scientific WorkPlace. They are written to the file as \TEXTsymbol{\backslash}%
customnote. You can provide a definition of \TEXTsymbol{\backslash}%
customnote in tcilatex.tex if you want these to print as either footnotes or
margin notes. For example, you could use the definition \TEXTsymbol{%
\backslash}def\TEXTsymbol{\backslash}customenote\#1\#2\{\TEXTsymbol{%
\backslash}footnote\{\#2\}\}.

Units are written to \textsl{Scientific Notebook} files using the 
\TEXTsymbol{\backslash}unit macro. This is not recognized by Scientific
WorkPlace. If you want to print documents containing units using TeX, you
should provide a definition of \TEXTsymbol{\backslash}unit. For example, you
could define unit with \TEXTsymbol{\backslash}def\TEXTsymbol{\backslash}%
unit\#1\{\TEXTsymbol{\backslash}mathrm\{\#1\}\}.

\end{document}
