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%TCIDATA{<META NAME="Title" CONTENT="Entering and Editing Mathematics">}
%TCIDATA{Created=Mon Aug 19 14:52:24 1996}
%TCIDATA{LastRevised=Thu Feb 13 21:52:09 1997}
%TCIDATA{Language=American English}
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%H=78,\PARA{038<p type="texpara" tag="Body Text" >\hfill Getting Started with Scientific Notebook}
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\begin{document}


\subsection{Enter and Edit Mathematics\label{Enter and edit math}\hrulefill}

Because \textit{Scientific Notebook} assumes that you're entering text, you
must tell it when you want to start entering mathematics. Then, entering
mathematics is as easy as entering text.

\noindent $\blacktriangleright $\quad \textbf{To start mathematics\label%
{To start mathematics}}

\begin{itemize}
\item  Click\FRAME{itbpF}{18.125pt}{18.125pt}{2pt}{}{}{text.wmf}{\special%
{language "Scientific Word";type "GRAPHIC";display "PICT";valid_file
"F";width 18.125pt;height 18.125pt;depth 2pt;original-width
16.0625pt;original-height 16.0625pt;cropleft "0";croptop "1";cropright
"1";cropbottom "0";filename 'text.wmf';file-properties "XNPEU";}}or, from
the Insert menu, choose Math.

The Math/Text toggle appears as \FRAME{itbpF}{22.4375pt}{21.0625pt}{2pt}{}{}{%
math.wmf}{\special{language "Scientific Word";type "GRAPHIC";display
"PICT";valid_file "F";width 22.4375pt;height 21.0625pt;depth
2pt;original-width 20.3125pt;original-height 18.8125pt;cropleft "0";croptop
"1";cropright "1";cropbottom "0";filename 'math.wmf';file-properties
"XNPEU";}}when mathematics is active.\medskip 
\end{itemize}

\noindent $\blacktriangleright $\quad \textbf{To enter a mathematical
character\label{To enter a mathematical character}}

\begin{itemize}
\item  Click the character you want from the Common Symbols toolbar. \ 
\FRAME{dtbpF}{4.062in}{0.3165in}{0pt}{}{}{common.wmf}{\special{language
"Scientific Word";type "GRAPHIC";maintain-aspect-ratio TRUE;display
"PICT";valid_file "F";width 4.062in;height 0.3165in;depth 0pt;original-width
323.875pt;original-height 23.1875pt;cropleft "0";croptop "1";cropright
"1";cropbottom "0";filename 'common.wmf';file-properties "XNPEU";}}

\textit{or}

\item  Click one of the character buttons on the Symbol toolbar to open a
panel of special characters, and then click the character you want. See the 
\hyperref{mathematical character panels}{}{}{panels} on page 10.
\end{itemize}

Choosing a mathematical character automatically starts mathematics.

\noindent $\blacktriangleright $\quad \textbf{To enter a mathematical object%
\label{To enter a mathematical object}}

\begin{itemize}
\item  Click one of the mathematical objects---such as fractions, radicals,
sub- and superscripts, operators,\ and brackets---available from the Insert
menu or the Math toolbars:
\end{itemize}

\begin{center}
Math 1 toolbar:\quad \FRAME{itbpF}{253.1875pt}{66pt}{30.25pt}{}{}{math1.wmf}{%
\special{language "Scientific Word";type "GRAPHIC";maintain-aspect-ratio
TRUE;display "PICT";valid_file "F";width 253.1875pt;height 66pt;depth
30.25pt;original-width 83.75pt;original-height 21.25pt;cropleft "0";croptop
"1.0031";cropright "0.9994";cropbottom "0";filename
'math1.wmf';file-properties "XNPEU";}}

Math 2 toolbar:\quad \FRAME{itbpF}{234.3125pt}{70.375pt}{30.25pt}{}{}{%
math2bar.wmf}{\special{language "Scientific Word";type
"GRAPHIC";maintain-aspect-ratio TRUE;display "PICT";valid_file "F";width
234.3125pt;height 70.375pt;depth 30.25pt;original-width
77.375pt;original-height 22.8125pt;cropleft "0";croptop "0.9985";cropright
"1.0012";cropbottom "0";filename 'Math2bar.WMF';file-properties "XNPEU";}}
\end{center}

The program starts mathematics and places a template for the object in your
document. You complete the object by filling in the template. Here are
instructions for entering some mathematical objects.\medskip

\noindent $\blacktriangleright $\quad \textbf{To enter a fraction\label%
{To enter a fraction}}

\begin{enumerate}
\item  Click\FRAME{itbpF}{21.125pt}{20.125pt}{2pt}{}{}{fraction.wmf}{\special%
{language "Scientific Word";type "GRAPHIC";maintain-aspect-ratio
TRUE;display "PICT";valid_file "F";width 21.125pt;height 20.125pt;depth
2pt;original-width 17.8125pt;original-height 16.9375pt;cropleft "0";croptop
"1";cropright "1";cropbottom "0";filename 'fraction.wmf';file-properties
"XNPEU";}}or, from the Insert menu, choose Fraction. On the screen, you see 
\FRAME{itbpF}{17.4375pt}{20.3125pt}{6pt}{}{}{fracpic.wmf}{\special{language
"Scientific Word";type "GRAPHIC";display "PICT";valid_file "F";width
17.4375pt;height 20.3125pt;depth 6pt;original-width
15.0625pt;original-height 18.0625pt;cropleft "0";croptop "1";cropright
"1";cropbottom "0";filename 'fracpic.wmf';file-properties "XNPEU";}}, and
the Math/Text toggle changes to \FRAME{itbpF}{22.4375pt}{21.0625pt}{2pt}{}{}{%
math.wmf}{\special{language "Scientific Word";type
"GRAPHIC";maintain-aspect-ratio TRUE;display "PICT";valid_file "F";width
22.4375pt;height 21.0625pt;depth 2pt;original-width
20.3125pt;original-height 18.8125pt;cropleft "0";croptop "1.0079";cropright
"1";cropbottom "0";filename 'math.wmf';file-properties "XNPEU";}}.

\item  Type the numerator; then press Tab.

\item  Type the denominator; then press the spacebar.\medskip \label{panels}
\end{enumerate}

\FRAME{dtbpF}{298.5625pt}{453pt}{0pt}{}{}{mathpanels.wmf}{\special{language
"Scientific Word";type "GRAPHIC";maintain-aspect-ratio TRUE;display
"PICT";valid-file "F";width 298.5625pt;height 453pt;depth 0pt;original-width
423.625pt;original-height 644.25pt;cropleft "0";croptop "1";cropright
"1";cropbottom "0";filename 'mathpanels.wmf';file-properties "XNPEU";}}

\noindent $\blacktriangleright \quad $\textbf{To enter a superscript or
subscript\label{To enter a superscript}}

\begin{enumerate}
\item  Start mathematics.

\item  Enter a variable.

\item  Click\FRAME{itbpF}{20.3125pt}{19.5625pt}{2pt}{}{}{supscrip.wmf}{%
\special{language "Scientific Word";type "GRAPHIC";display "PICT";valid_file
"F";width 20.3125pt;height 19.5625pt;depth 2pt;original-width
17.8125pt;original-height 16.9375pt;cropleft "0";croptop "1";cropright
"1";cropbottom "0";filename 'supscrip.wmf';file-properties "XNPEU";}}for a
superscript or\FRAME{itbpF}{19.5625pt}{18.8125pt}{2pt}{}{}{subscrip.wmf}{%
\special{language "Scientific Word";type "GRAPHIC";display "PICT";valid_file
"F";width 19.5625pt;height 18.8125pt;depth 2pt;original-width
17.8125pt;original-height 16.9375pt;cropleft "0";croptop "1";cropright
"1";cropbottom "0";filename 'Subscrip.wmf';file-properties "XNPEU";}}for a
subscript or, from the Insert menu, choose Subscript or Superscript.

\item  Enter the superscript or subscript, then press the spacebar.$\medskip 
$
\end{enumerate}

\noindent $\blacktriangleright \quad $\textbf{To enter an expression in
parentheses\label{To enter an expression in parentheses}}

\begin{enumerate}
\item  Click\FRAME{itbpF}{20.3125pt}{19.5625pt}{2pt}{}{}{parens.wmf}{\special%
{language "Scientific Word";type "GRAPHIC";display "PICT";valid_file
"F";width 20.3125pt;height 19.5625pt;depth 2pt;original-width
17.8125pt;original-height 16.9375pt;cropleft "0";croptop "1";cropright
"1";cropbottom "0";filename 'parens.wmf';file-properties "XNPEU";}}or, from
the Insert menu, choose Brackets and then choose the parentheses.

\item  Type the expression. Notice that the parentheses are elastic---they
expand horizontally and vertically as far as necessary to enclose the
expression you enter.

\item  Press the spacebar.$\medskip $
\end{enumerate}

\noindent $\blacktriangleright \quad $\textbf{To enter a matrix\label%
{To enter a matrix}}

\begin{enumerate}
\item  Click \FRAME{itbpF}{19.8125pt}{18.9375pt}{2pt}{}{}{matrix.wmf}{%
\special{language "Scientific Word";type "GRAPHIC";display "PICT";valid_file
"F";width 19.8125pt;height 18.9375pt;depth 2pt;original-width
17.8125pt;original-height 16.9375pt;cropleft "0";croptop "1";cropright
"1";cropbottom "0";filename 'Matrix.wmf';file-properties "XNPEU";}}on the
Math2 toolbar or, from the Insert menu, choose Matrix.

\item  Set the number of rows and columns you want.

\item  Choose OK.

\item  Fill your matrix with mathematics, moving from cell to cell with the
Tab key.

You can change the alignment of the matrix, just as you can for a
table.\medskip
\end{enumerate}

\noindent $\blacktriangleright \quad $\textbf{To enter an operator\label%
{To enter an operator}}

\begin{enumerate}
\item  Click\FRAME{itbpF}{20.3125pt}{19.5625pt}{2pt}{}{}{operator.wmf}{%
\special{language "Scientific Word";type "GRAPHIC";display "PICT";valid_file
"F";width 20.3125pt;height 19.5625pt;depth 2pt;original-width
17.8125pt;original-height 16.9375pt;cropleft "0";croptop "1";cropright
"1";cropbottom "0";filename 'Operator.wmf';file-properties "XNPEU";}}on the
Math2 toolbar or, from the Insert menu, choose Operator.

\item  Double-click the operator you want.

\item  Click\FRAME{itbpF}{20.3125pt}{19.5625pt}{2pt}{}{}{subscrip.wmf}{%
\special{language "Scientific Word";type "GRAPHIC";display "PICT";valid_file
"F";width 20.3125pt;height 19.5625pt;depth 2pt;original-width
17.8125pt;original-height 16.9375pt;cropleft "0";croptop "1";cropright
"1";cropbottom "0";filename 'Subscrip.wmf';file-properties "XNPEU";}}, and
then type the lower limit.

\item  Press Tab, and then type the upper limit.

\item  Press the spacebar, and then type the variable.

\item  If the variable carries a subscript, click\FRAME{itbpF}{19.5625pt}{%
18.8125pt}{2pt}{}{}{subscrip.wmf}{\special{language "Scientific Word";type
"GRAPHIC";display "PICT";valid_file "F";width 19.5625pt;height
18.8125pt;depth 2pt;original-width 17.8125pt;original-height
16.9375pt;cropleft "0";croptop "1";cropright "1";cropbottom "0";filename
'Subscrip.wmf';file-properties "XNPEU";}}, type the subscript, and then
press the spacebar.
\end{enumerate}

\noindent If the expression is in a line of text, limits are automatically
placed to the right, like this: $\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{i}$. If the expression is
displayed on a line by itself, limits are automatically placed above and
below the operator: 
\[
\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{i} 
\]
$\medskip $

\noindent $\blacktriangleright \quad $\textbf{To change in-line mathematics
to displayed mathematics\label{Displayed mathematics}}

\begin{enumerate}
\item  Enter an expression; then select it\textbf{.}

\item  Click\FRAME{itbpF}{20.5625pt}{19.625pt}{2pt}{}{}{display.wmf}{\special%
{language "Scientific Word";type "GRAPHIC";display "PICT";valid_file
"F";width 20.5625pt;height 19.625pt;depth 2pt;original-width
17.8125pt;original-height 16.9375pt;cropleft "0";croptop "1";cropright
"1";cropbottom "0";filename 'Display.wmf';file-properties "XNPEU";}}on the
Math2 toolbar or, from the Insert menu, choose Display.$\medskip $
\end{enumerate}

\noindent $\blacktriangleright \quad $\textbf{To change displayed
mathematics to in-line mathematics\label{In-line mathematics}}

\begin{itemize}
\item  Place the insertion point to the right of the display; then press
Backspace.$\medskip $
\end{itemize}

\label{fragment}If you enter a certain expression or equation frequently,
you can save it as a fragment and then enter it in any document with just a
few keystrokes. Fragments are available from the File menu and from the
popup list on the Fragments toolbar:

\FRAME{dtbpF}{5.6092in}{0.7092in}{0pt}{}{}{fragbar.wmf}{\special{language
"Scientific Word";type "GRAPHIC";maintain-aspect-ratio TRUE;display
"PICT";valid_file "F";width 5.6092in;height 0.7092in;depth
0pt;original-width 424.5625pt;original-height 51.9375pt;cropleft "0";croptop
"1";cropright "1";cropbottom "0";filename 'fragbar.wmf';file-properties
"XNPEU";}}

\noindent $\blacktriangleright \quad $\textbf{To save and enter a fragment%
\label{To save and enter a fragment}}

\begin{enumerate}
\item  Enter the expression you want to save as a fragment, then select it.

\item  From the File menu, choose Save Fragment.

\item  Type a name for the fragment; then choose OK.

\item  When you want to enter the expression in your document, click the
Fragments popup to display the list of fragments, and then click the one you
want.

\textit{or}

From the File menu, choose Import Fragment, select the fragment you want,
and choose OK.
\end{enumerate}

\noindent The program inserts your saved expression into your document. You
can save both mathematics and text in a fragment. The only restriction is
that a fragment can be no larger than a paragraph.\medskip

\label{Body Math}You can\ enter a series of mathematical expressions even
faster if you enter them in a Body Math paragraph. The Body Math tag is
available from the Section/Body Tag popup list. Each time you press Enter in
a Body Math paragraph, the program automatically switches to mathematics.
This makes it easy to use \textit{Scientific Notebook} as a mathematics
scratchpad without ever having to leave your document.

\end{document}
