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%TCIDATA{<META NAME="Title" CONTENT="Ch 5: Creating Questions for an Exam">}
%TCIDATA{Created=Mon Aug 19 14:52:24 1996}
%TCIDATA{LastRevised=Thu Feb 13 20:45:31 1997}
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\subsection{\textit{Chapter 5 \hrulefill }}

\quad

\section{Creating Questions for an Exam\label%
{Creating Exam Builder Questions}}

For each question you include in an Exam Builder source file, you can
provide a little information or a lot. Each question begins with a section
heading containing the keyword \textsf{Question,} followed by sections in
which you state the question and present a multiple-choice list of possible
answers or a free-form response area. You can also include sections
containing setup information for the question, the correct answer to the
question, short and long explanations of the solution, and comments. Like
the front section, Question sections can include comments that don't appear
in the generated exam.

You can state questions using algorithms and introduce random variations so
that the question statement and even the questions themselves differ
slightly each time you generate an exam. Additionally, you can include
several \emph{variants }of the same question in the source file and have the
Exam Builder randomly select the variant or variants to include in the
generated exam. This ability to vary content algorithmically represents the
real power of the \textit{Scientific Notebook }Exam Builder. If you don't
use algorithms to state questions, however, Exam Builder questions don't
vary from instance to instance; each time the Exam Builder generates an
instance of the exam, the questions are the same.

\subsection{S\textbf{tarting a Question section\label%
{Starting a question section}}}

Each question on an exam has its own section. Follow these instructions to
create a question section.

\subparagraph{\noindent $\blacktriangleright $\quad To start a question
section}

\begin{enumerate}
\item  Start a new paragraph and apply a heading tag.

\item  Type the keyword \textsf{Question}.\medskip
\end{enumerate}

Now you're ready to create the question itself.

\subsection{Setting up a question\label{Setting up a question}}

You set specifications for questions in a Setup section. Much of the
information that can appear in the Setup section for a question can also
appear in the Setup section at the front of the exam. Because the
information is local, any setup information in the Question section
overrides setup information in the front section of the exam. In the Setup
section for the question you can specify

\begin{itemize}
\item  Local variables and random selection of numbers for the question.

See \hyperref{Chapter 2}{}{}{EBvariations.tex} for information about using
definitions, random number functions,\ conditions, and formulas.

\item  The type, appearance, and order of multiple-choice answers for the
question.

See \hyperref{Chapter 4}{}{}{EBfrontsection.tex} for additional information
about setting up multiple choice answers.

\item  The number of question variants to include on the generated
exam.\medskip
\end{itemize}

\subparagraph{$\blacktriangleright $\quad \textbf{To add a Setup section%
\label{Adding a Setup section}}}

\begin{enumerate}
\item  Press Enter to start a new paragraph and \hyperref{apply a heading tag%
}{}{}{Apply.tex}.

\item  Type the keyword \textsf{Setup} and press Enter.

Until it encounters a new section heading, the Exam Builder includes all
subsequent information in the Setup section.\medskip
\end{enumerate}

\subparagraph{$\blacktriangleright $\quad \textbf{To specify the number of
variants\label{Specifying variants}}}

\begin{enumerate}
\item  Press Enter to start a new paragraph.

\item  Type the keyword \textsf{Select:} and then type the number of
variants you want to include in the generated exam.

When the Exam Builder generates an instance of the exam, it selects as many
variants as you specify from among the question variants you provide.\vspace{%
1pt} If you do not specify this option then the Exam Builder will choose
exactly one variant.
\end{enumerate}

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The following Setup section specifies that $x$ and $y$, which are used later
in the statement of the question, are random numbers and that the answers to
the question should appear in multiple-choice lists. The order of the items
in the list will vary each time a new instance of the exam is generated.

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"XNPEUR";}}

\subsection{Stating\textbf{\ }a question\label{Stating a question}}

Each Exam Builder question begins with a \textsf{Statement }heading and
continues with a paragraph containing the text of the question itself. In
addition to using algorithms in stating the question, as described in 
\hyperref{Chapter 2}{}{}{EBvariations.tex}, you can take advantage of all
the mathematics and computational features of \textit{Scientific Notebook. }%
For example, if you need to create a plot to illustrate your question, use
the Plot 2D or Plot 3D commands on the \hyperref{Maple menu}{}{}{DM0-0.tex}.
From the \hyperref{Help Contents}{}{}{Contents.tex}, you can access detailed
information about entering mathematics and performing computations.

If you have several similar questions, you may want your students to answer
only one of them. You can create these similar questions as variants within
a Question section. When the Exam Builder generates the exam, it selects a
variant at random and generates it in place of the question. If you want to
include variants for your question, create a Question section, then create
several Variant sections, each with its own question statement and
corresponding answer list. You can also include local definitions for each
variant.

\subparagraph{\noindent $\blacktriangleright $\quad To state a question}

\begin{enumerate}
\item  Start a new paragraph after the Question heading and apply a heading
tag.

\item  Type the keyword \textsf{Statement} and press Enter.

\item  Type the question. Refer to \hyperref{Chapter 2}{}{}{EBvariations.tex}
for information about using algorithms in question statements.\medskip
\end{enumerate}

\noindent \FRAME{itbpF}{42.875pt}{18.125pt}{4pt}{}{}{ex3.wmf}{\special%
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}This Question section sets up a single question statement:

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\subparagraph{\noindent $\blacktriangleright $\quad To create a question
variant\label{Creating a question variant}}

\begin{enumerate}
\item  Start a new paragraph after the Question heading and apply a heading
tag.

\item  Type the keyword \textsf{Variant} and press Enter.

\item  If the variant requires local setup information, create a Setup
section, include the information, and press Enter.

\item  Apply a heading tag, type the keyword \textsf{Statement,} and press
Enter.

\item  Type the question variant.\medskip
\end{enumerate}

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}This Question section sets up several variants for a question:

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"XNPEUR";}}

\subsection{The student's response\label{Presenting an answer}}

There are four ways in which a question may be set up to accept answers from
the student:\ as a multiple-choice question, as a multiple-selection
question, as a free-form short answer question, or as an image question. All
but the free-form answers can be graded automatically online.

Multiple-choice items are represented by radio buttons. The student selects
exactly one of these and earns full credit by selecting the one correct
choice.

Multiple-select items are represented by check boxes. The student may select
all, none, or some of the boxes. Each box has an associated point value
(which may be negative). If you select a box you get the points associated
with that box added to or subtracted from your score.

An image question is like a multiple-choice question except that the radio
buttons are replaced by images (usually .bmp files), and clicking on any
image causes the exam to be graded immediately. These are only useful for
single question quizzes.

\paragraph{Creating multiple-choice answers\label%
{Creating multiple-choice answers}}

Creating multiple-choice answers involves several steps. First, in the Setup
section for the exam or for the question, you must specify, format, and
order a multiple-choice list. Second, you must create the list itself.
Finally, if you want the question to be graded automatically, you must
indicate the correct answer.

\subparagraph{\noindent $\blacktriangleright $\quad To set up
multiple-choice answers}

If you haven't specified multiple-choice answers in the Setup section for
the exam, you can do so in the Question section. You can place
multiple-choice answers horizontally or vertically on the page of the
generated exam and you can specify the amount of horizontal space between
list items.

\begin{enumerate}
\item  Start a new paragraph after the Question or Variant section and apply
a heading tag.

\item  Type the keyword \textsf{Setup}\ and press Enter.

\item  Type the keyword \textsf{Choices:}\textbf{\ }followed by the keyword 
\textsf{Radio buttons}

\item  Specify the layout of the choices with these keywords:

\begin{tabular}{ll}
\textbf{Choice} & \textbf{Effect} \\ 
\textsf{Break} & Displays the multiple-choice list vertically \\ 
\textsf{No Break} & Displays the multiple-choice list horizontally \\ 
\textsf{Permute} & Randomly order the choices \\ 
\textsf{No Permute} & Leave choices in given order
\end{tabular}

\item  If you want to specify the horizontal spacing between multiple-choice
items, press Enter to start a new paragraph.

\item  Type the keyword \textsf{Choice Space: }followed by a spacing factor.

The spacing factor is relative. The larger the number, the greater the
space. In general, a factor between 5 and 10 results in adequate separation
between list items.\medskip
\end{enumerate}

\subparagraph{\noindent $\blacktriangleright $\quad To create the
multiple-choice list\label{Creating a multiple-choice list}}

Each answer to a multiple-choice question must appear in the source file as
a first-level item in a bulleted, numbered, or description list.

\begin{enumerate}
\item  Place the insertion point at the end of the Question statement.

\item  Start a new paragraph and apply a heading tag.

\item  Type the keyword \textsf{Choices} and press Enter.

\item  From the Item Tag list, choose Numbered List Item, Bullet List Item,
or Description List Item.

Alternatively, you can apply either tag using the associated function key or
using the Apply command on the Tag menu.

\item  Type a possible answer.

Just as the question can be stated using formulas, so can the answer.
Remember that just as when you enter a question, all the mathematics and
computational features of \textit{Scientific Notebook }are available to you,
including plotting.

\item  Press Enter.

\item  Repeat steps 5 and 6 for each answer and then click\FRAME{itbpF}{%
21.0625pt}{18.8125pt}{2pt}{}{}{poptag.wmf}{\special{language "Scientific
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the list.

In the source file, the list appears without formatting. When the Exam
Builder generates the exam, it formats the list according to your
specifications.\medskip \vspace{1pt}
\end{enumerate}

Bulleted items can be permuted, but the items in numbered or description
lists always stay in the same place within the list. You can combine
bulleted, numbered, and description items in a list so that some answers
permute and some do not. This is useful if you want a list to contain an
answer that is the same for all instances of the exam.

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}

\noindent Each time the exam is generated, the values in the first three
items\ in the list change randomly and the items are presented in a
different order. The last item doesn't change and always stays in the same
place.

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"1";cropright "1";cropbottom "0";filename 'EB32.wmf';file-properties
"XNPEUR";}}

\subparagraph{\noindent $\blacktriangleright $\quad To indicate the correct
answer\label{Indicating the correct answer}}

If you want the question to be graded automatically, you must indicate which
answer in the list is the correct one. If your list is defined with check
boxes instead of radio buttons, you must indicate all correct answers.

\begin{enumerate}
\item  Position the insertion point to the right of the correct answer in
the list.

\item  From the Fragments popup list, choose \textbf{Correct Choice}\textsf{%
. }You can see the result in the previous example.

\item  If you've created more than one correct answer, repeat steps 1--2 for
each correct answer.

When the exam is graded, the student's choice is compared to the correct
choice.
\end{enumerate}

\subsection{Creating multiple-select answers}

This is similar to the procedure for multiple-choice except that you use the
keyword \textsf{Chec}k in place of \textsf{Radio buttons}, and you must
specify a point value for each possible selection.

\subparagraph{$\blacktriangleright $\quad To set up multiple-select answers}

Follow the procedure for setting up multiple-choice answers given above but
use the keyword \textsf{Check} in place of \textsf{Radio buttons}.

\subparagraph{$\blacktriangleright $\quad To create the multiple-choice list}

\begin{enumerate}
\item  Follow the procedure for setting up a multiple-choice list.

\item  Double click on the leadin of the first item of the list (\hyperref{%
more about leadins}{}{}{Changing_leadin_specs.tex}). This brings up a dialog
box that looks like this:\FRAME{dtbpF}{148.5pt}{118.9375pt}{0pt}{}{}{Figure 
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"1";cropright "1";cropbottom "0";filename 'EB33.bmp';file-properties
"XNPEUR";}}Click on the Custom button. An input area appears. Enter the number
of points this answer is worth. The number should be positive is the
selection is correct and negative otherwise.

\item  Repeat step 2 for each entry in the list.
\end{enumerate}

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"XNPEUR";}}

\paragraph{\textbf{C}reating an image selection question}

These are like multiple choice questions where arbitrary images (.bmp files)
replace the radio buttons. When you use images rather than radio buttons you
need to be aware that clicking on one causes the question to be graded
immediately. Therefore they are only useful for single question quizzes. To
get this kind of question follow the instructions for multiple choice
questions but use the keyword \textsf{Images} in place of \textsf{Radio
buttons}, and then add a line to the exam setup section like this: \medskip

Images: firstimg.bmp, nextbmp.img, \UNICODE{0x2026}\medskip

\noindent In other words, list the images in the order you want them to
appear after the \textsf{Images} keyword. The images are file names with
paths that are either 1) relative to the directory in which the source
lives, or 2) relative to the HTTP base given in the exam setup section, or
3) absolute paths. It is probably easiest to put the bmp files in the same
directory as the source document and then just put the names in the list.

\noindent \FRAME{itbpF}{42.875pt}{18.125pt}{4pt}{}{}{ex3.wmf}{\special%
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\FRAME{dtbpF}{319.5pt}{168.5pt}{0pt}{}{}{Figure }{\special{language
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"XNPEUR";}}

\paragraph{\textbf{C}reating a free-form response area\label%
{Creating a free-form response area}}

Instead of presenting the student with a multiple-choice list, you can
create a free-form response area in which the student enters an answer to
the question. Free-form responses\ can't be graded online.

\subparagraph{\noindent $\blacktriangleright $\quad \textbf{To set up a
free-form response area}}

\begin{enumerate}
\item  Move the insertion point to the end of the Question statement.

\item  Start a new paragraph and apply a heading tag.

\item  Type the keyword \textsf{Response} and press Enter.

\item  Type the keyword \textsf{Text Area (}\textbf{x,y}\textsf{) }where 
\textbf{x }is the length of the response area in characters and \textbf{y}\
is the number of lines in the response area.

If you deliver the exam online, the response area is limited to one line and
the number of lines (\textbf{y }value) is disregarded. If you print the
exam, the number of lines you specified is converted to vertical space on
the page and the length in characters (\textbf{x }value) is disregarded.

When the Exam Builder generates the exam, it creates a rectangular area into
which the student types an answer.\medskip
\end{enumerate}

\subsection{Including a solution\label{Including a solution}}

You can provide the solution to a question for inclusion in the solutions
file or answer key associated with the exam. If students take the exam
online and submit their answers for online grading, they can compare their
answers with your solutions immediately after the exam has been graded. If
students take the exam on paper, you can print the answer key when you
generate and print the exam, then distribute the key after the exam has been
completed.

\vspace{1pt}Usually, brief solutions appear in Answer sections. Longer
solutions, which usually include tutorial material that explains in detail
the process of obtaining the correct answer, appear in Solution sections. If
you include an Answer section and a Solution section for a question, both
appear in the solutions file.

\subparagraph{\noindent $\blacktriangleright $\quad \textbf{To include a
solution in a question }}

\begin{enumerate}
\item  Start a new paragraph after the Choices or Response section and apply
a heading tag.\textbf{\ }

\item  Type the keyword \textsf{Answer }or the keyword \textsf{Solution} and
press Enter.

\item  Type the solution. Use as many paragraphs as necessary.

Just as when you state a question or provide a multiple-choice answer, you
can use all available mathematics and computational features of \textit{%
Scientific Notebook }\ to present your solution.\textit{\ }

\item  Press Enter.
\end{enumerate}

\subsection{Building Question sections\label{Building question sections}}

These examples show how to structure Question sections, both with and
without algorithmic elements.

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\noindent Not all questions statements need to be complex. This question
requires little in the way of setup and doesn't use algorithms.

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\noindent This is what the student sees:

\FRAME{dtbpF}{412.25pt}{58pt}{0pt}{}{}{Figure }{\special{language
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"PICT";valid_file "F";width 412.25pt;height 58pt;depth 0pt;original-width
408pt;original-height 55.6875pt;cropleft "0";croptop "1";cropright
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\noindent \FRAME{itbpF}{42.875pt}{18.125pt}{4pt}{}{}{ex3.wmf}{\special%
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}

\noindent This question includes many algorithmic elements that are
evaluated when the exam is generated.The student might see something like
this:

\FRAME{dtbpF}{331.625pt}{184.8125pt}{0pt}{}{}{Figure }{\special{language
"Scientific Word";type "GRAPHIC";maintain-aspect-ratio TRUE;display
"PICT";valid_file "F";width 331.625pt;height 184.8125pt;depth
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"1";cropright "1";cropbottom "0";filename 'EB36.wmf';file-properties
"XNPEUR";}}

\noindent \FRAME{itbpF}{42.875pt}{18.125pt}{4pt}{}{}{ex3.wmf}{\special%
{language "Scientific Word";type "GRAPHIC";maintain-aspect-ratio
TRUE;display "PICT";valid_file "F";width 42.875pt;height 18.125pt;depth
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"1";cropright "1";cropbottom "0";filename 'Ex3.wmf';file-properties "XNPEU";}%
}

\noindent Questions can contain algorithmically generated plots. In this
example, $f$ is the function being plotted.

\FRAME{dtbpF}{333.125pt}{220pt}{0pt}{}{}{Figure }{\special{language
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"PICT";valid_file "F";width 333.125pt;height 220pt;depth
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"1";cropright "1";cropbottom "0";filename 'EB37.wmf';file-properties
"XNPEUR";}}

\noindent This plot was created by placing $f$ in the source statement and
creating a 2D Rectangular plot of $f$. The the $f$ was deleted leaving just
the plot. Since $f$ does not get defined until an instance of the exam is
generated, the source file shows a straight line. \noindent The student sees
a graph of a randomly generated instance of $f$.

\end{document}
