› _____________________________________›   TEXTPRO:  CONTINUOUS UNDERLINE #8›           By Frank Walters› _____________________________________›› SYMBOLS:›› The following symbols will be used in› the text to describe how to type non-› ASCII  characters  in  TextPRO editor› for macros:››        < > = SELECT <inverse>›         ^  = ESC CONTROL›         ^K = ESC CONTROL+K(ey)›        <^K>= ESC SELECT+CONTROL+K(ey)›› When  TYPING a CONTROL (^) key in the› editor, you must type  ESCape  first.› When  using TextPRO CONTROL commands,› the term CTRL_ will be used  in  this› article.› _____________________________________› DISCUSSION OF THE PROBLEM:›› TextPRO has a generic  <u>  underline› format which simply sends a backspace› character to  the  printer  and  then› overtypes  the  understroke character› (_). It is  unsatisfactory  for  most› underlining  since  it  prints  as  a› dashed    line   instead   of   solid› underlining.›› Most   printers   have  a  continuous› underline feature.  By  defining  the› inverse  upper  case  <U>  for   your› printer  command,  we  can  embed  it› anywhere  in   the   text   to   turn› continuous  underline  on  and off. A› problem   occurs  when  a  series  of› underlined words breaks at the end of› a  line.  TextPRO  substitutes spaces› for left margin formatting, so  these› spaces will be underlined in the left› margin when printed on the paper. The› only  practical  solution   to   this› problem  is to turn off the underline› at the end of a printed line and turn› it  back  on  again  after  the  left› margin spaces are printed. To do this› manually by using CTRL_P  to  the  E:› device  is  almost too complicated to› bother using continuous underline  at› all.  Limit  it to only brief phrases› or titles that do not exceed one line› in length.›› However,  I  have developed a utility› macro  to  help  format  a  paragraph› containing     lengthly    underlined› passages to automatically insert  the› underline  off/on  commands  at   the› proper places in your text. I call it› ULINE.MAX. To use it you will have to› enter    your   printer   codes   for› underline on/off  into  your  TextPRO› editor  and  save  the  codes  in the› configuration  file  TEXTPRO.ENV  (or› TEXTPRO.CNF for v.5.0 and earlier).›› DEFINING PRINTER UNDERLINE COMMANDS:›› In the case of many printers, 3 bytes› are required for underline on or off.› For   Epson   or   compatibles,   the› continuous  underline  commands   are› usually:››      Underline    ON:   27,45,49   or›      27,45,1›      Underline   OFF:   27,45,48   or›      27,45,0›› I  prefer  the ASCII 48 and 49 rather› than ASCII 0 and  1  since  they  are› easier  to recognize when printing to› the   E:  device  for  checking  line› breaks. Either set will work.›› With TextPRO we can take care of  the› 27  (Esc)  by  configuring it to send› ESC  prior  to  sending  any  inverse› upper case letter code. With TP  5.20› you  must  load  OPTIONS.ADN into the› macro buffer to do this. Press CTRL_;› and  reply  No  to  "ASCII  CR"   and› "Linefeeds"  and  Yes to "Add ESCape"› prompts. The 27 will be sent any time› an  inverse  <U>  or  any other upper› case  inverse  letter  is  used.  Use› (SELECT_CTRL_S)    to    save    this› configuration to TEXTPRO.ENV.›› Therefore we can't use a  letter  for› the  3rd  character  ("1"   or   "0")› because  another  ESC  would  be sent› prior to  the  "1"  or  "0".  We  can› either  simply type the underline as:› <U>1 for on and  <U>0  for  off.  But› TextPRO does not know the 1 and 0 are› printer commands so it will mis-count› them  when  figuring  the  number  of› characters    per   line,   sometimes› causing a line  break  at  the  wrong› place.  TP  does  not  count  inverse› characters   in   the   byte-per-line› count. It  does  count  inverse  when› using <c>enter or <e>dge formats.›› We will define inverse numbers, since› TextPRO does NOT add an ESC to those.› Here  is what I type in the editor to› set my Panasonic equates:›› <I>=52<J>=53<U>=45<0>=48<1>=49›› <I> <J> <U> <0> <1>›› NOTE:   <I>  and  <J>  are  used  for› Italics ON and OFF. If  you  redefine› <1>=49  then  you   might   want   to› redefine  <9>=27  also,   since   the› default  TP  had  <1>  defined  as 27› before you changed it. The  underline› command  would  look like <U1>this in› the   middle   of  a  paragraph.  The› brackets indicate inverse<U0> and are› not actually typed in the editor.›› You  can  save  your  new  equates to› TEXTPRO.CNF  by  installing  them  in› memory first. Just type  the  equates› in  a  blank  editor,  as  above, but› pressing SELECT for  the  <bracketed>› items.  I usually add the second line› with just the  inverse  printer  keys› (as  above)  so you can see what gets› printed to the Editor.›› Print to E: so  it  puts  the  equate› values  in  the configuration portion› of memory before saving it to disk as› TEXTPRO.ENV  using SELECT_CTRL_S. The› editor will show the five  characters› below  the   equates,   with   spaces› between  each.  (If  you used inverse› spaces you might see little  "hearts"› instead  of  spaces  between  printer› commands.) You should also see an ESC› character printed  in  front  of  the› first      three       Letter-defined› characters,  but  not  preceeding the› two  numeric-defined  characters.  If› NOT, use the CTRL_; command again  as› explained above, before you save your› configuration. The ESC characters are› essential  for  the  commands to work› with the printer.›› UIP.MAX -- WHAT IS IT?›› A better way to type underline ON/OFF› commands  in the middle of text would› be to use a macro key  to  avoid  all› the  fingers  and  thumbs finding the› SELECT, SHIFT, and U keys, etc.  Then› we sometimes turn it on for a line or› two and forget to turn it  off.  Ever› happen  to  you?  What  a  mess.  UIP› stands  for Underline, Italics, Print› to>E:. It defines  the  OPTION+  U,u,› I,i,  and  CTRL_P keys as macro keys.› Type the macros  as  described  below› and   save   to   disk.   Then   load› TEXTPRO.MAX   into   the  editor  and› CTRL_E to end of text. CTRL_L to load› the  macros from disk and append them› to the end of your TEXTPRO.MAX. Check› CTRL_U  to  insure  your  TEXTPRO.MAX› does  not  exceed  2000  bytes before› saving it back to disk. This  assumes› your  macros do not include the above› keys already  defined  for  something› else.  If  so,  change  either key to› another one. I always  define  letter› key  macros  for both upper and lower› case so they work regardless of  case› set  on   keyboard.   Here   is   the› breakdown of the three macros.›› OPTION_U›› U<=><^G>uu<=U1><^Y><UNDERLINE mode ON› until RETURN>(Ret.)› <^I><U0><^Y><UNDERLINE OFF>(Ret.)›› This defines the Underline portion of› the  macro.   Yes,   it   is   mostly› <inverse>  so  you  need to hold down› SELECT a lot.  (Ret.)  means  a  hard› carriage return entered only at those› points   in   the   macros.  Pressing› OPTION_u (or  U)  will  type  inverse› <U1> at the cursor position and print› the   UNDERLINE  ON  message  to  the› status line. You are in "Input  Mode"› in  the  macro.  You  continue typing› your text until reaching the  end  of› the  underlined  part.  However,  you› cannot  use  most control keys so you› can only make corrections  with  Back› Space. But it won't let you forget to› turn underline off. As  soon  as  you› hit  Return,  the macro types inverse› <U0> and ends both the Input Mode and› the  macro,  with  the  UNDERLINE OFF› message up at top.›› OPTION_I›› I<=><^G>ii<=I><^Y><ITALICS   mode  ON› until RETURN>(Ret.)› <^I><J><^Y><ITALICS OFF>(Ret.)›› This is virtually identical to the  U› macro,  except  only  single  inverse› characters  are  used  for   italics:› <I>is on, and off is<J>. I threw this› in as a freebie as it has none of the› problems  associated  with continuous› underlining   except  the  one  about› forgetting to turn it off.›› You must define the <I> and <J>  keys› in  equates  for  the  printer. Epson› uses <I>=52<J>=53 and you  save  them› as  explained in the previous section› about the underline equates.›› OPTION_CTRL_P›› ^P<=>^P(Esc BkSp 2-times)E:(Return 3-› times)›› Remember, use ESC CTRL with ^ symbol.› Press ESC and then  Back  Space  key,› without  pressing  CTRL for the above› "Esc BkSp" character, a funny looking› triangle pointing left.›› This     simple     macro     defines› OPTION_CTRL_P   so   it   prints  the› current buffer to Editor immediately.› You  need  to use this to insure your› underlined words do not break between› two  or  more  lines,   after   using› ULINE.MAX to set the correct codes.›› ULINE.MAX -- HOW TO CREATE IT:›› The  DATA  listing for ULINE.MAX will› allow you  to  create  the  macro  by› using  ANALOG  Magazine's  MLEDIT.BAS› program.  Another  way  to create the› macro   is  by  using  TextPRO's  own› editor   in   Atascii  mode  and  the› SHIFT_TAB   function   to   type  the› decimal   numbers   from   the   DATA› statements.  Using  this  method  you› must  first  insert  enough spaces to› accept the macro.  SHIFT_INSERT  will› insert  255 spaces, more than the 207› required.›› With cursor at top of  editor,  press› Atari  Logo  key to get Atascii mode.› Then press  SHIFT_TAB  and  type  the› first  decimal   number   and   press› Return.  <i>  will be printed on your› screen. Move cursor to next  position› and repeat SHIFT_TAB step, etc.›› CAUTION WHEN USING SHIFT_TAB METHOD:›› Do not type SHIFT_TAB for number 155.› Instead press the RETURN key and move› to  next  decimal  input. Do this for› each of the ten 155 items in the DATA› lines.  Do not type the number 30 the› four times it occurs  in  lines  1070› and  1100.  Type  155  instead of 30.› TextPRO reverses the 155 and 30  when› saving them to disk. Do not type last› decimal number in each line. They are› CHECKSUM  numbers  for MLEDIT.BAS and› not part of the macro itself.  Ignore› the  last zero at the end of the last› DATA  line,  it  is  just  filler  to› complete   the   16    items-per-line› required by MLEDIT.›› When  finished  typing  the DATA into› your editor, the cursor  will  be  on› the  line  below the last byte in the› file,   a   RETURN  character.  Press› CTRL_D and P to delete the  remaining› spaces.  Press  CTRL_U and the status› line   should   show   "207    Used."› CTRL_S(ave)  the file as ULINE.MAX to› disk.›› ULINE.MAX -- HOW TO USE IT:›› It is rather too complex to  describe› key  by  key,  but here is how to use› it.›› Four macro keys are defined  to  exit› the  macro  and   load   TEXTPRO.MAX:› OPTION_Esc,  OPTION_?,  OPTION_/,  or› HELP.  Esc  or  / are more convenient› for  800  users  with  no  HELP  key.› Insert Mode is turned off  and  <^P>@› sets  the  @  (autorun)  macro to run› from TEXTPRO.MAX when loaded. Or  you› can  substitute <i> for @ if you have› TEXTPRO.MAX set up to print the macro› identification to the Status line.›› Now  that  we  know how to get out of› it, here's what you  see  and  do  to› find the line breaks with ULINE:›› Before  using  ULINE.MAX on your text› file,   proof-read  the  paragraph(s)› containing underlined  phrases.  Edit› as  necessary.  Once  you  insert the› line breaks with ULINE,  any  changes› you  make  in  the  paragraph   might› change  the  line breaks. Editing the› rest of the document will not  affect› the  line breaks containing underline› characters   as  long  as  there  are› Return characters  at  the  beginning› and end of the underline paragraph.›› Press  START,  type  ULINE  and press› RETURN to load the macro.›› It will automatically set  Text  Mode› and  Insert  Mode  on.  Status   line› prompt after loading tells you:›› START>line  #   OPT_SPACE>New   Line › pause›› Press  any  key and the screen should› blank and the cursor appears  on  the› first  <U1>  in  the   file.   CTRL_W› automatically  has   been   sent   to› display  "Page n, Line n of n" on the› status line.›› Press START to move  cursor  to  next› word.  It  should  display an updated› status line. You are only  interested› in  the  Line  number  to  see  if it› changes   to  the  next  higher  Line› number. How fast the  macro  operates› depends  on how high the Page number.› Lower   numbered  pages  mean  faster› computation of  the  CTRL_W  command.› Near  the top of file you may have to› tap the START key or  it  might  jump› too  fast  and  you miss a word. When› the line number changes to  the  next› line, check to make sure you have not› passed the underline-OFF command  and› are  still  in  the  middle  of   the› underlined  phrase.  If you are ready› to make a break in the underline  for› the next line, see below.›› OPTION + (left cursor) is a quick way› to jump three words to the  left,  in› case you went too fast with the START› key or  want  to  re-check  the  line› break  point  again.  Or just use the› CTRL + Cursor keys to move the cursor› left or right.›› OPTION_SPACE  is  used  to insert the› underline-OFF and  ON  codes  between› lines.  With  the cursor on the first› letter of the first word of the  next› line  number,  press OPTION_SPACE and› it will insert the underline OFF  and› ON  codes in the space to the left of› the cursor.  The  cursor  will  check› Line  #  of  current  word, then jump› left to the last word of the previous› line  and  check  the  Line # to make› sure it is 1 less. This is to  insure› you  did  not  break the underline at› the  wrong  place  or  the  underline› codes did not shift  the  end-of-line› break position.›› Let  me  explain  further. TextPRO is› not supposed to count  inverse  print› keys to determine bytes per line. But› sometimes  when  you  insert  the<U0>› <U1>codes in a line, the end of  line› and  may shift to the previous space.› If this happens, remove the <U0> <U1>› characters  with  CTRL_BackSpace  and› insert  them  between  the   previous› space. Test to see if the line breaks› at that point and if not  insert  one› or  two  more spaces between the<U0> › <U1>codes to force the line break.›› Continue using  START  and  OPT_SPACE› until  you  reach the <U0> that shuts› off   the   last   underline  in  the› paragraph. Then press CTRL_F to  Find› the  beginning  of  another underline› phrase, if there is one. If  you  get› "Not  Found"  then go on to check the› format by printing to Editor, below.›› Use OPTION_CTRL_P to print  the  text› to  the  Editor (E:) and see the line› breaks yourself.  In  the  underlined› section  of  the document, you should› see the ESC character followed by the› two codes for your printer up against› the left margin for each line that is› within the underline portion of text.› If it breaks in the wrong place,  hit› CTRL_W  during scroll to break out of› Print mode  and  re-check  your  line› breaks  again;  you  made  a mistake.› Remember, during Print to E: you  can› use  CTRL_S  to  skip to next page of› document   without  waiting  for  the› whole file to print to E:.›› Press HELP or OPTION_ESC to quit  the› macro when you are done using ULINE.›› That's  all  there is to it. You have› to practice a few times  to  get  the› hang  of  it but it is easier than it› seems. At least it is a better way to› insure  you don't get those unsightly› underlined margins  on  your  printed› document.› _____________________________________›             Frank Walters›           T.A.C.O. Bell BBS›               08/28/96›››