***›              DOS WIZARD›                 by Gary C. Crider› For XL/XE-use TRANSLATOR progam before› running DOSWIZ.OBJ on this OHAUG disk!› PART A of DOCS! › › DANGER!   IT  IS  IMPORTANT  THAT  YOU› UNDERSTAND WHAT YOU  ARE  DOING BEFORE› YOU  USE  DOS  WIZARD. › DOSWIZ   was  written  to   accomplish› several   tasks  that  no  other  disk› utility seemed  to  address.  Some  of› these    are   listed   below.    Some› knowledge of DOS  file  structures  is› assumed. There are many good tutorials› on DOS available .  It  may become one› of your handiest utilities,  but  also› most  potentially  dangerous  if   you› don't understand what you are doing!››    PLEASE  READ   THIS   DOCUMENTATION› THOROUGHLY!›› VANISHING SECTORS?›    1. RECOVERING THE SECTORS THAT JUST› SEEM TO VANISH FROM DOS DISKS. When  a› directory listing is produced, the sum› of all file sectors plus the remaining› free  sectors  should  total 707.  You› have probably noticed that this is not› always  true.   The  primary cause for› this is pressing SYSTEM RESET while  a› file  is open for output.  This leaves› the directory entry  marked  open  and› the  file  and  its associated sectors› are forever lost to DOS.›    Prior to DOS WIZ the  only  way  to› reclaim  the  sectors  was to copy all› good files to another  disk,  reformat› the bad disk and selectively copy each› good  file  back  to  the  reformatted› diskette.›    DOS WIZ will read all  files  while› noting  the sectors used by the files.› Any sector not referenced  by  a  file› entry will be freed into the available› sectors   pool   and   all  open  file› directory entries will be released for› reuse.›› ERROR's 144, OR 164?›    2.  You  probably have received the› notorious ERROR 164 or  ERROR  144  at› one  time  or  another  when trying to› read a disk file. Sometimes you  can't› even delete a file because DOS wants a› valid   file   chain  before  it  will› delete. ›    All sectors used by a DOS file  are› chained together, that is, a sector of› data has a pointer to the next  sector› belonging  to  that file. Also on each› sector is  a  reference  to  the  file› which  owns  it.  ERROR  164 indicates› that a sector  was  pointed  to  by  a› prior  sector,  but the two sectors do› not reference  the  same  file.   This› means that somehow another file used a› sector   belonging   to  the  file  in› question.›    ERROR 144 generally indicates  that› a  sector  has  for some reason become› unreadable.   This  can  also  be  the› indicated by some other error codes.   › In  either  case, the integrity of the› file chain is lost and DOS will not be› able  to  read the file. Usually there› is nothing that can be done because  a› binary  load file or a tokenized BASIC› file that is not complete will not  be› usable in any fashion. ›› FILE RECOVERY?›    However,  recovering a portion of a› data file can be very useful at times.› It  can  prevent  a lot of re-entry of› data.  DOS WIZ allows recovery of  any› file  up  to the point where the chain› is broken.  This then becomes a  valid› DOS  file  and  can  once   again   be› accessed.    › BAD SECTOR?›   3.   A bad sector on a disk is often› a big headache even when your file  is› backed  up.   It  means  that all good› files must  be  copied  and  the  disk› reformatted  and the good files copied› back. Only then can you  restore  your› file from the backup.›› ANOTHER WAY?›    DOS  WIZ  allows  another  approach› that  is  very  often successful.  You› can   analyze  the  disk  to  get  the› location of the bad  sector  and  it's› associated  file  name.   You can then› write zeros to  that  sector  and  the› odds  are very good that you will then› be able to read it again. If you can't› you  haven't  lost  anything since the› sector was unreadable.  You  may  then› recover  the  file  up to the point of› the zero sector and  then  delete  the› file.  Now you can recover the sectors› used by the file and then rewrite your› backup  file  to  the  disk. It sounds› complicated,   but   is  really  quite› simple   and   much  easier  than  the› alternative discussed earlier. ›› COME BACK LITTLE FILE!›    4. Occasionally a file gets deleted› by mistake.  If the  sectors  used  by› that  file  have not been overwritten,› DOS WIZ will allow  easy  recovery  of› the file.›› TOO MANY NAMES?›   5.  Sometimes you end up with two or› more files of the same name.   If  you› delete  or  rename  one  with DOS, all› files with that name  are  deleted  or› renamed.  DOS  WIZ  lets you delete or› rename  by  file  number.   There  are› never duplicate file numbers.›› HANDLING ALLOCATED SECTORS!›     6.   DOS   WIZARD    provides    a› translation of the sector bit map from› the VTOC that is easily readable.   It› allows  you to "hide" sectors from use› by DOS by marking them as  allocated. › You can also free allocated sectors.›› FULL DIRECTORY LISTING!›    7.  DOS  WIZARD's directory listing› lists ALL  entries  including  deleted› and  open  files.   It  allows  you to› perform many DOS  functions  on  those› files  by  simply referencing the file› number.  This does  however  eliminate› the  use of wild cards.  The directory› listing also tells  you  at  a  glance› whether  any  sectors  are unaccounted› for.›› FLAGGING SECTORS!›    8. DOS WIZARD  will  allow  you  to› flag    sectors   as   allocated   and› effectively hide them from DOS so that› they will be reserved for your use.›› SPEEDUP!›    9.  DOS WIZARD can be used to clear› unused  sectors  of  data.  This  will› speed up the disk duplication  process› when  FASTDUP  (Copyright 1982 by Gary› C. Crider) is used.›› HEX OR ATASCII?›    10. DOS WIZARD will display sectors› in  hex  and ASCII on the same screen.› It   also    gives    much    valuable› information  about that sector such as› the file to which it belongs.›› LISTING CONTIGUOUS SECTORS!›     11.   DOS  WIZARD  will  list  all› extents  by  sector  range  which  are› occupied by a given file.   An  extent› is a set of contiguous sectors.  ›› PRINTING THE DOSWIZ DOCUMENTATION!›    Running  the   DOSWIZ.PRT   program› using  BASIC will print the DOSWIZ.DOC› file in 1.75 width letters on  a  STAR› (tm)  GEMINI  series  printer.  It may› work on other printers as well.›    Another way to print it would be to› use  the  COPY  feature of your DOS or› DUP.SYS utility, specifying P: as  the› output  file  name.   It  can  also be› printed  from  most  word  processors.› This should work  okay  on  the  EPSON› (tm) printers. ›› A DISKETTE ANALYSIS››    This  MENU  option  performs a two-› stage analysis of the  contents  of  a› DOS  format diskette. Either stage may› be interrupted  by  pressing  the  ESC› key,  but  any statistics will only be› valid   up  to  the  point  where  the› interrupt occurred.›    Stage 1 reads all DOS  files  which› are  not marked as deleted or open and› verifies that the chain is intact. All› chain  errors  are  reported  with the› sector   number  where  the  violation› occurred and the  file  name  for  the› chain  being  validated. A chain error› is reported if:›       a) The file number in the sector› does  not  reflect  the   file   being› validated;›       b)  The next sector pointer does› not point to a valid sector number;›       c) The sector is not  marked  as› allocated in the VTOC;›       d)  A  read  error  occurs while› trying to read the sector;›       e) The byte count in the  sector› is less than 1 or greater than 125.››    Stage  1  reports   the   following› counts:›       1.  VALID  FILES - the number of› files which are accessible by DOS  and› contain no chain errors.›       2. DELETED FILES - the number of› directory entries flagged as deleted.›       3. OPEN FILES -  the  number  of› directory entries flagged as open.›       4.  BAD  CHAINS  - the number of› files which were found to have invalid› chains.›       5.  SECTORS  ALLOCATED   -   the› number  of sectors which are marked as› allocated   in  the  Volume  Table  Of› Contents (VTOC).›       6. FREE SECTORS - the number  of› sectors marked as not allocated in the› VTOC.›       7. DEAD SECTORS - the number  of› sectors  allocated  less the number of› sectors   validated   while  verifying› chains.    These   sectors  cannot  be› referenced by DOS.››    Stage 2 reads every sector  on  the› diskette  and  reports  the  count  of› sectors  containing  no   data   (ZERO› SECTORS)  and  the  count  of  sectors› which   could   not   be   read   (BAD› SECTORS).›    Stage 2 will list by sector  number› the first 64 bad sectors encountered. › If there are more than 64 and you need› to know where they are, consider using› FASTDUP.›› "C" CHANGE DISKETTES›    This  function  must  be  performed› before processing a different diskette› since the VTOC and directory are  read› into core only once by DOS WIZARD.› "D" DISPLAY DIRECTORY›    This  MENU   function   lists   all› directory  entries currently in use or› formerly used on  this  diskette.   It› also  gives  access  to many functions› which may be performed on a file.     › The  directory  listing  provides  the› following for each file:›    a) FILE#- This is the number of the› directory entry.   They  are  numbered› from 0-63;›    b)  NAME-  This  is  the  file name› contained in  this  directory  entry  › Files  which  are   recognizable   and› accessible  by  DOS  are  in   REVERSE› VIDEO.  These  would  appear  in a DOS› directory listing;›     c)   START-  The  starting  sector› number for this file;›    d) COUNT-  The  number  of  sectors› used by this file;›    e)  STATUS- Will contain "D" if the› file has been marked deleted,  "O"  if› it  is  marked as open, and "L" if the› file is locked.›› DEAD SECTORS?›    The display  trailer  contains  the› number  of free sectors and the number› of sectors accounted for which  should› equal  707.  If  this  number is other› than 707, there are  dead  sectors  on› the disk. However there could still be› dead sectors even  if  there  are  707› sectors    accounted   for.   DISKETTE› ANALYSIS can be used  to  reveal  this› condition.›› DISPLAY DIRECTORY allows the following› functions to be performed:›     a)   UNLOCK   -   unlock  file  by› specifying file number.›    b) LOCK - lock file  by  specifying› file number. ›    c)  DELETE  -  delete  file by file› number.  This will  delete  the  entry› and    free    all   sectors   up   to› encountering any  chain  error.   This› can  be  used when DOS delete will not› work due to errors.  If  a  file  will› not  delete with DOS WIZ, do a RECOVER› FILE (R) against  the  file  and  then› delete it.›    d)  RENAME  -  rename  a  file   by› specifying a name for a file number.   › e) LIST FILE EXTENTS - obtain  a  list› of  all  areas  of  contiguous sectors› occupied by a file.›    f) RECOVER FILE - recover a deleted› file  or  a  portion  of a file with a› broken chain.  If the file is an  open› file,  an extender will be used of Xnn› where nn  is  the  file  number.  This› prevents  duplicate  file names due to› having recreated a file that was  open› and  thought to be lost. File recovery› makes a valid file out of the  portion› of the file that can be read up to the› point of an error  being  encountered,› thus  to DOS it is now a good file but› it may still be useless to  you.   You› can  salvage  portions of a data (LIST› format)   file  but  BINARY  LOAD  AND› CSAVEd  FILES  CANNOT  BE  USED  AFTER› RECOVERY except by the DELETE function› of DOS WIZ or DOS.›    M)  SECTOR MAP - This MENU function› displays a translation of  the  sector› bit  map  from  the VTOC.  Each sector› from 0-719 is represented by either  a› period  (free  sector)  or an asterisk› (allocated  sector).  Since  sector  0› does not exist, it is always shown  as› allocated.     Sector   720   is   not› recognized by DOS and is not shown  on› the map.›    To  obtain  the  sector number of a› position on the map, add  the  numbers› from the scales on the left and top of› the screen.›    There are three functions available› from this screen:›    a)  ALLOCATE  SECTOR(S)  -  specify› starting  and  ending  sector  numbers› (inclusive).   These  sectors  will be› marked   as   allocated  and  will  be› unavailable to  DOS.   If  the  ending› sector  is  not  specified,  it   will› default to the starting sector so only› one sector will be allocated.›    b) FREE SECTOR(S) - same  as  above› except  sectors  are  marked as free. › These sectors become available for use› by DOS when new sectors are needed.›    c)  RECLAIM  LOST SECTORS - This is› the    powerful    recovery    utility› discussed  in  the  INTRODUCTION.   It› chases all  non-deleted  and  unopened› file  chains  and  remembers  the good› sectors.   Any   sectors   that    are› allocated but not on a valid chain are› zeroed and released for use  by  DOS. › If  a  chain  error  is encountered, a› message is  displayed  indicating  the› sector  and  file.  A  file   recovery› should  be  done  on  that  file  (see› DISPLAY  DIRECTORY)  and then redo the› reclaim function.  It  is  not  always› necessary, but can't hurt anything.›    S)  DISPLAY  SECTOR(S)   This  MENU› function  is  used  to  read  a  given› sector  and  display  it.   The   left› portion  of  the  screen  displays hex› representation   of  the  sector  data› while the right portion displays  most› of  the  pertinent  ASCII   characters› represented  by  the sector data.  The› bottom  of  the  screen  has  valuable› information   about    the    sector. › Information  is  displayed  only  when› pertinent    to   the   sector   being› displayed.›     › Read "CDOSWIZB.TXT" for rest of the› DOSWIZ DOCS!›