# First Line

First Line:
A cappella is a term describing choral singing without instrumental accompaniment.


First Line:
A 1 is a term used to describe anything unusually good.


First Line:
Aachen, (pop. 238,587), is an industrial city in Germany.


First Line:
Aalto, Alvar (1898-1976), was a Finnish architect, town planner, and furniture designer.


First Line:
Aardvark, is an African mammal that eats ants and termites.


First Line:
Aardwolf, is an unusual type of hyena that lives on the plains of southern and eastern Africa.


First Line:
Aaron, in the Bible, was the brother of Moses and Miriam.


First Line:
Aaron, Henry (1934-...), hit 755 regular-season home runs, more than any other baseball player in major league history.


First Line:
Abaca, is a plant grown in Borneo, the Philippines, and Sumatra for its fiber.


First Line:
Abacus, is an ancient device used in China and other countries to perform arithmetic problems.


First Line:
Abadan, (pop. 206,073), is a refining center for Iran's oil industry.


First Line:
Abalone, is a marine snail found in most mild and tropical seas.


First Line:
Abandonment is a legal term that has two chief meanings.


First Line:
Abbot is the religious superior of a monastery of an early religious order, such as the Benedictines and Cistercians.


First Line:
Abbott was the name of two sisters who were American social-work pioneers.


First Line:
Abbott, Sir John Joseph Caldwell (1821-1893), served as prime minister of Canada from June 1891 to November 1892.


First Line:
Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1868-1940), was an African American journalist.


First Line:
Abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or a phrase.


First Line:
Abdomen is a large body cavity between the thorax (chest) and the pelvic cavity.


First Line:
Abdul-Jabbar, Kareem (1947-...), became one of the greatest centers in basketball history.


First Line:
Abdullah II, (1962-...), became king of Jordan in 1999, following the death of his father, Hussein.


First Line:
Abel, the second son of Adam and Eve, was a shepherd (Genesis 4).


First Line:
Abelard, Peter (1079-1142), was one of the leading philosophers and theologians of the Middle Ages.


First Line:
Aberdeen, (pop. 201,099), is the third largest city in Scotland.


First Line:
Aberdeen and Temair, Marquess of (1847-1934), a British politician, served as governor general of Canada from 1893 to 1898.


First Line:
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, is the United States Army's center for ordnance activities.


First Line:
Abernathy, Ralph David (1926-1990), was an American civil rights leader.


First Line:
Aberration, in optics, is the failure of a lens or mirror to produce an image that is sharply focused and has the same proportions as the object being viewed.


First Line:
Abidjan, (pop. 1,930,000), is the largest city of Cote d'Ivoire and one of the busiest seaports in western Africa.


First Line:
Abilene, Kansas (pop. 6,543), a city in east-central Kansas, is a railroad shipping center for crops raised in the east-central part of the state.


First Line:
Abnormal psychology is the scientific study of psychological disorders.


First Line:
Abolition movement was activity that took place in the 1800's to end slavery.


First Line:
Abominable Snowman, also called Yeti pronounced YEH tee, is a creature said to live on Mount Everest and other mountains of the Himalaya range of Asia.


First Line:
Aborigines, are Australians whose ancestors were the first people to live in Australia.


First Line:
Abortion is the ending of a pregnancy before birth.


First Line:
Abraham was the founder of Judaism and the ancestor of both the Arabs and the Jews.


First Line:
Abraham, William (1842-1922), was a Welsh politician and trade (labor) union leader.


First Line:
Abrasive is a substance used to grind, smoothen, sharpen, and polish various materials.


First Line:
Abscess, is a collection of pus within an infected part of the body.


First Line:
Absolute zero is the theoretical temperature at which the atoms and molecules of a substance have the least possible energy.


First Line:
Absolutism, is a form of government in which one or more persons rule with power unlimited by law.


First Line:
Absorption and adsorption, are processes by which substances take in matter or energy, or both.


First Line:
Abstract art is a style of art of the 1900's that discards identifiable subject matter.


First Line:
Abstract expressionism was a movement in American painting that flourished from the mid-1940's to the mid-1950's.


First Line:
Abu Dhabi, (pop. 242,975), also called Abu Zaby, is the capital of the United Arab Emirates, a confederation of seven Arab states.


First Line:
Abu Simbel, Temples of, are two ancient Egyptian temples that were carved in a mountainside beside the Nile River in southern Egypt.


First Line:
Abuja, (pop. 378,671), is the capital of Nigeria.


First Line:
Abzug, Bella Savitzky (1920-1998), a Democrat from New York, served in the United States House of Representatives from 1971 to 1977.


First Line:
Acacia, is the name of about 1,200 species of trees and shrubs in the pea family.


First Line:
Academic freedom is a term that refers primarily to certain rights claimed by professors at universities and colleges.


First Line:
Academy is the general name for a group of people or an organization that promotes art, literature, science, or some other field of knowledge.


First Line:
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences is an honorary nonprofit organization.


First Line:
Acadia, was a region in eastern Canada that became the site of the first permanent French colony in North America.


First Line:
Acadia National Park, was the first national park established in the United States east of the Mississippi River.


First Line:
Acanthus, is a group of shrubs or herbs that are found chiefly in Asia, Africa, and southern Europe.


First Line:
Acapulco, (pop. 721,011), officially known as Acapulco de Juarez pronounced day HWAH rehz, is a Mexican port and resort city.


First Line:
Accent, in language, is an emphasis placed on a syllable in a word and is often called stress.


First Line:
Accentor is any of a group of birds that looks like a bunting with a thin bill.


First Line:
Accomplice, in law, is a person who participates with someone else in a crime, whether by planning it, carrying out the criminal act itself, or otherwise helping the offender.


First Line:
Accordion is any of a family of portable reed instruments with bellows suspended in front of the player by shoulder straps.


First Line:
Accounting is a system of gathering, summarizing, and communicating financial information for a business firm, government, or other organization.


First Line:
Accra, (pop. 964,879; met. area pop. 1,420,065), is the capital and largest city of Ghana.


First Line:
Ace is a pilot who shot down at least five enemy aircraft during a war.


First Line:
Acerola, is the fruit of a bushy tree that grows 10 to 15 feet (3.0 to 4.6 meters) tall.


First Line:
Acetaminophen, is a commonly used drug that relieves pain and reduces fever.


First Line:
Acetate, is a manufactured fiber produced from wood.


First Line:
Acetic acid, is an important organic acid and industrial chemical.


First Line:
Acetone, is an important industrial chemical.


First Line:
Acetylene, is a colorless, flammable gas used for welding and for preparing other chemical compounds.


First Line:
Achaeans, were people of ancient Greece who lived in the Peloponnesus (Greece's southern peninsula), in east-central Greece, and on the islands of Crete, Rhodes, Cephalonia, and Ithaca.


First Line:
Achebe, Chinua (1930-...), is a leading Nigerian author best known for novels that explore the psychological and social impact of Western colonialism on traditional African societies.


First Line:
Acheson, Dean Gooderham (1893-1971), was United States secretary of state under President Harry S. Truman from 1949 to 1953.


First Line:
Achilles, in Greek mythology, was the best Greek warrior in the Trojan War.


First Line:
Achilles tendon, is the tendon at the back of the ankle.


First Line:
Acid is any of a group of chemical compounds with certain similar properties.


First Line:
Acid rain is a term for rain, snow, sleet, or other wet precipitation that is polluted by such acids as sulfuric acid and nitric acid.


First Line:
Acidosis, is a condition in which the body fluids tend to have a higher acid content than normal.


First Line:
Acne is a skin disorder that occurs most commonly among teen-agers.


First Line:
Aconcagua, is an extinct volcano and the highest mountain in the Western Hemisphere.


First Line:
Aconite, is the name of a group of plants that thrive in cool, northern regions.


First Line:
Acorn is the nut produced by any of the various kinds of oak trees.


First Line:
Acoustics, is the study of how sounds are created, transmitted, and received.


First Line:
Acre is a unit of land area in the inch-pound system of measurement.


First Line:
Acropolis, was the religious and military center of a city-state in ancient Greece.


First Line:
Acrylic, is any one of a group of synthetic products made primarily from petroleum.


First Line:
ACTH is an abbreviation of the chemical substance adrenocorticotropic hormone.


First Line:
Actinium, a chemical element, is an extremely rare, silvery-white, radioactive metal that glows in the dark.


First Line:
Actinomycosis, is a rare, infectious disease that affects human beings.


First Line:
ACTION was a federal agency that directed the domestic volunteer programs of the United States government from 1971 to 1993.


First Line:
Actium, Battle of, was a naval battle that settled the struggle for control of ancient Rome between co-rulers Gaius Octavian and Mark Antony.


First Line:
Acton, Lord (1834-1902), is considered one of the greatest historians of the 1800's.


First Line:
Acts of the Apostles is the fifth book of the New Testament.


First Line:
Acuff, Roy (1903-1992), was an American country music singer and fiddler.


First Line:
Acupuncture, is an ancient Chinese method of relieving pain and treating a variety of diseases by inserting needles into specific places on the body.


First Line:
A.D. is the abbreviation for anno Domini, which is Latin for in the year of our Lord. In 532, the monk Dionysius Exiguus introduced a system of dating events, beginning with the year he believed Jesus Christ was born.


First Line:
Adam was the family name of two brothers--Robert Adam (1728-1792) and James Adam (1730-1794)--who were famous Scottish architects.


First Line:
Adam and Eve, according to the Bible, were the first man and woman created by God.


First Line:
Adams, Ansel (1902-1984), was an American photographer known for his dramatic photographs of the West.


First Line:
Adams, Brooks (1848-1927), was an American historian and a critic of capitalism.


First Line:
Adams, Charles Francis (1807-1886), was one of the most successful diplomats in United States history.


First Line:
Adams, Gerry (1948-...), became the president of Sinn Fein pronounced shihn fayn, an Irish nationalist political party, in 1983.


First Line:
Adams, Henry Brooks (1838-1918), was an important American historian.


First Line:
Adams, John (1735-1826), guided the young United States through some of its most serious troubles.


First Line:
Adams, John Quincy (1767-1848), was the first son of a president of the United States to also become president.


First Line:
Adams, Samuel (1722-1803), was an American patriot and politician who stirred opposition to British rule in the American Colonies.


First Line:
Adams, Samuel Hopkins (1871-1958), was an American journalist and author.


First Line:
Adams, Scott (1957-...), an American cartoonist, created the comic strip "Dilbert."


First Line:
Adams, Sherman (1899-1986), served as chief of staff to United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1958.


First Line:
Adamson, Joy (1910-1980), was a wildlife conservationist and author who won wide recognition for her observations on animal behavior in Africa.


First Line:
Adaptation is a characteristic of an organism that makes it better able to survive and reproduce in its environment.


First Line:
Addams, Charles (1912-1988), an American cartoonist, became famous for the morbid humor of his drawings.


First Line:
Addams, Jane (1860-1935), was an American social worker and humanitarian.


First Line:
Addax, is an antelope that lives in the deserts of northern Africa.


First Line:
Adder is the name given to several species of snakes in various parts of the world.


First Line:
Addis Ababa, (pop. 2,084,588), is the capital and largest city of Ethiopia.


First Line:
Addison, Joseph (1672-1719), was an English author and politician.


First Line:
Addison, Thomas (1793-1860), was a British doctor famous for his description of Addison's disease (see Addison's disease).


First Line:
Addison's disease is a disorder that gradually destroys the adrenal glands, causing them to produce insufficient amounts of certain hormones.


First Line:
Addition is a way of putting together two or more things to find out how many there are all together.


First Line:
Address, Forms of, are courteous, formal ways to introduce, speak to, write to, or send e-mail to other people.


First Line:
Ade, George (1866-1944), was an American humorist, playwright, and journalist.


First Line:
Adelaide, (pop. 1,045,854), is the capital, largest city, economic center, and chief port of the state of South Australia.


First Line:
Aden, (pop. 318,000), is the second largest city of Yemen.


First Line:
Adenauer, Konrad (1876-1967), served as chancellor of the West German Republic from its formation in 1949 until he retired in 1963.


First Line:
Adenoids, also known as pharyngeal tonsils, are a mass of glandlike tissue normally present in the upper part of the throat, directly behind the nasal passages.


First Line:
Adhesion, is the property of two unlike substances that causes them to stick together.


First Line:
Adhesion, in the body, is a name for new tissue that sometimes binds together internal organs that are normally separate.


First Line:
Adhesive is a substance that bonds surfaces together.


First Line:
Adirondack Mountains, are a group of mountains that cover about 12,000 square miles (31,000 square kilometers) in northeastern New York.


First Line:
Adityavarman (?-1375?) was the first king of Melayu in central Sumatra in what is now Indonesia.


First Line:
Adjective is a part of speech that describes, qualifies, or places limits on a noun or pronoun.


First Line:
Adjutant, is the name of two species of large birds in the stork family.


First Line:
Adler, Alfred (1870-1937), an Austrian psychiatrist, developed important theories concerning the motivation of human behavior.


First Line:
Adler, Dankmar (1844-1900), was an American architect noted primarily for his association with architect Louis H. Sullivan.


First Line:
Administrator is a person who takes charge of the property of a person who has died.


First Line:
Admiral is the highest rank in the navy of the United States and of many other countries.


First Line:
Admiralty, is a department of a nation's government that directs naval affairs.


First Line:
Admiralty Islands, a group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, are part of the nation of Papua New Guinea.


First Line:
Adobe, is the Spanish name for sun-dried bricks, or for a house built with such bricks.


First Line:
Adolescent refers to a person who is experiencing the period of development between childhood and adulthood.


First Line:
Adonis, was a handsome youth in Greek mythology.


First Line:
Adonis, is the name of a group of 20 species of plants that grow wild in Europe and Asia.


First Line:
Adoption is a legal process by which people take as their own son or daughter a person not born to them.


First Line:
Adrenal gland, is a small, pyramid-shaped organ that secretes many important hormones.


First Line:
Adrian IV (about 1110-1159) was the only English pope.


First Line:
Adrianople, Battle of, was a famous land battle that took place in A.D. 378 at Adrianople (now Edirne in Turkey), a city founded by the Roman Emperor Hadrian.


First Line:
Adriatic Sea, is an extension of the Mediterranean Sea.


First Line:
Adult education is instruction for men and women who no longer go to school full time.


First Line:
Advent, is the season that marks the beginning of the Christian church year.


First Line:
Adventists, are members of religious groups that stress the doctrine of the Second Coming.


First Line:
Adverb is a part of speech that adds meaning to a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.


First Line:
Advertising is a message designed to promote a product, a service, or an idea.


First Line:
A.E.F. stands for the American Expeditionary Forces sent to Europe during World War I. See Pershing, John Joseph; World War I; American Legion.


First Line:
Aegean civilization, consisted of four cultures that flourished on the islands and shores of the Aegean Sea between 3000 and 1200 B.C.


First Line:
Aegean Sea, is a gulf or arm of the Mediterranean Sea.


First Line:
Aegis, was the name of the shield or breastplate made for Jupiter by Vulcan.


First Line:
Aeneas, was a Trojan hero in Greek and Roman mythology.


First Line:
Aeneid, the national epic of ancient Rome, is one of the world's greatest poems of heroic adventure.


First Line:
Aeolian harp, is an unusual ancient musical instrument.


First Line:
Aeolians, were a group of ancient Greeks.


First Line:
Aeolus, was the keeper of the winds in Greek mythology.


First Line:
Aerobics, is a system of exercises designed to promote the supply and use of oxygen in the body.


First Line:
Aerodynamics, is the study of forces that act on an object as it moves through air or some other fluid.


First Line:
Aerosol, is a mixture of extremely small particles and gas.


First Line:
Aerospace medicine is the field of medical science concerned with the effects of flight on human health.


First Line:
Aeschylus, (525-456 B.C.) was the earliest writer of Greek tragedy whose plays exist in complete form.


First Line:
Aesop's fables, are a collection of stories attributed to a Greek slave named Aesop, who died about 565 B.C.


First Line:
Aesthetics, also spelled esthetics, is the study of theories that apply to the arts in a broad and fundamental way.


First Line:
Affenpinscher, is a small, shaggy, black dog.


First Line:
Affidavit, in law, is a written or printed statement of facts sworn to, or affirmed, before a court bailiff, a notary public, or any other person qualified to administer an oath.


First Line:
Affirmative action refers to policies aimed at increasing the numbers of people from certain social groups in employment, education, business, government, and other areas.


First Line:
Afghan, hound is a dog known for its speed and agility.


First Line:
Afghanistan is a nation in southwestern Asia.


First Line:
Africa is the second largest continent in area and in population.


First Line:
African American literature is literature written by black Americans of African descent.


First Line:
African Americans are Americans mostly or partly of African descent.


First Line:
African hunting dog is a wild dog known for its large, round ears and sparse, tricolored coat.


First Line:
African Methodist Episcopal Church (A.M.E.) is one of the largest Methodist denominations in the United States. It was founded by a group of black Methodists who withdrew in 1787 from the St. George Methodist Episcopal Church in Philadelphia, protesting s


First Line:
African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (A.M.E. Zion) is a large Methodist denomination in the United States. It was formed in 1796 by a group of blacks who withdrew from the John Street Methodist Episcopal Church in New York City.


First Line:
African National Congress is a political party in South Africa.


First Line:
African violet, also called Saintpaulia, is a tropical plant with beautiful flowers and heart-shaped, fuzzy leaves.


First Line:
Afrikaans language, is one of 11 official languages of South Africa.


First Line:
AFS Intercultural Programs is a nonprofit organization that promotes worldwide learning and living experiences for secondary school students, young adults, and families.


First Line:
Agamemnon, in Greek mythology, led the Greek army that conquered Troy in the Trojan War.


First Line:
Agassi, Andre (1970-...), became one of the dominant American tennis players of the late 1900's.


First Line:
Agassiz, Louis (1807-1873), was a Swiss-born naturalist who studied many kinds of animals in Europe and America.


First Line:
Agate, is a banded form of chalcedony, a fine-grained, porous type of quartz.


First Line:
Agate Fossil Beds National Monument is in northwestern Nebraska.


First Line:
Age of Reason was a period in history when philosophers emphasized the use of reason as the best method of learning truth.


First Line:
Agee, James (1909-1955), was an American writer.


First Line:
Agency for International Development is an independent agency of the United States government that administers most of the nation's economic, technical, and humanitarian foreign aid programs.


First Line:
Agent is a person who represents someone else in legal, business, or other matters.


First Line:
Agent Orange is the military code name for a weedkiller used by the United States during the Vietnam War (1957-1975).


First Line:
Ageratum, is a popular, low-growing, annual plant of flower gardens.


First Line:
Aggression is a term psychologists use to refer to behavior intended to hurt others.


First Line:
Agincourt, Battle of, took place between English and French armies near the village of Agincourt, in northern France, in 1415.


First Line:
Agnew, Spiro Theodore (1918-1996), became the only vice president of the United States to resign his office while under criminal investigation.


First Line:
Agnon, Shmuel Yosef (1888-1970), was an Israeli author.


First Line:
Agnosticism, is the belief that ultimate questions, especially those about the existence of God, cannot be answered.


First Line:
Agouti, is a rodent that lives in dense forests from southern Mexico to northern Argentina, and in the West Indies.


First Line:
Agra, (pop. 891,790 city), is one of the largest cities in Uttar Pradesh, a state in northern India.


First Line:
Agribusiness, is the group of industries involved in producing, transporting, processing, distributing, and selling farm products.


First Line:
Agricola, Gnaeus Julius, (A.D. 37-93), was an able Roman general.


First Line:
Agricultural education is instruction about crop production, livestock management, soil and water conservation, and various other aspects of agriculture.


First Line:
Agricultural experiment station is a research center that conducts scientific investigations to solve problems and suggest improvements in the food and agriculture industry.


First Line:
Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (ASCS) was an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture from 1961 to 1994.


First Line:
Agriculture is the world's most important industry.


First Line:
Agriculture, Department of, is an executive department of the United States government.


First Line:
Agrimony, is the common name for a group of about 18 species of woodland plants that grow in North America, Europe, Asia, and the Andes Mountains of South America.


First Line:
Agrippa, Marcus (63-12 B.C.), was a Roman general who was the chief adviser and military leader of Augustus, the first emperor of Rome.


First Line:
Agrippina the Younger, (A.D. 15-59), was one of the most powerful women in ancient Rome.


First Line:
Agronomy, is a branch of agricultural science that deals with the study of crops and the soils in which they grow.


First Line:
Aguinaldo, Emilio (1869-1964), was a leader in the fight for Philippine independence.


First Line:
Ahmadabad, (pop. 2,876,710; met. area pop. 3,312,216), is the largest city in Gujarat, a state in western India.


First Line:
AIDS is the final, life-threatening stage of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).


First Line:
Aiken, Conrad Potter (1889-1973), was an American poet, novelist, and critic.


First Line:
Ailanthus, is a hardy tree that thrives in cities and places where other trees fail to grow.


First Line:
Ailey, Alvin (1931-1989), was an American choreographer (creator of dances) and director of the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater.


First Line:
Ainu, are a group of people who may have been the first inhabitants of what is now Japan.


First Line:
Air is the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth.


First Line:
Air bag is an inflatable automobile safety device that helps protect a driver or passenger in a collision.


First Line:
Air cleaner is a device that removes contaminants (impurities) from a stream of gas or air.


First Line:
Air compressor is any device used to compress air.


First Line:
Air conditioning controls the temperature, moisture, cleanliness, and movement of indoor air.


First Line:
Air cushion vehicle (ACV) is a craft that travels on a layer of compressed air just above any kind of surface--land or water.


First Line:
Air force is the branch of a nation's armed forces responsible for military operations in the air.


First Line:
Air Force, Department of the, is one of the three military departments within the Department of Defense of the United States government.


First Line:
Air Force, United States, is the branch of the U.S. armed forces responsible for most military operations in the air and in space.


First Line:
Air Line Pilots Association is the largest labor union and professional organization of airline pilots in the United States.


First Line:
Air lock is a device that permits people or materials to pass in or out of a structure called a pneumatic caisson.


First Line:
Air pollution occurs when wastes dirty the air.


First Line:
Air rights are the rights to use the space above a piece of real estate.


First Line:
Air Transport Association of America (ATA) is an organization of scheduled airlines of the United States.


First Line:
Airborne troops are soldiers trained for assault by air.


First Line:
Airbrush is a tool used by photographers and commercial artists to apply color or shading to drawings, prints, and photographs.


First Line:
Aircraft, Military. Military aircraft are airplanes, helicopters, and other flying machines used for military purposes.


First Line:
Aircraft carrier is a ship used as a mobile base for airplanes.


First Line:
Airedale, terrier is the name of a breed of large terriers.


First Line:
Airplane is an engine-driven machine that can fly through the air supported by the flow of air around its wings.


First Line:
Airplane, Model, is a miniature airplane.


First Line:
Airport is a place where airplanes and other aircraft take off and land, and load and unload passengers and cargo.


First Line:
Airship is a lighter-than-air aircraft with an engine that moves it through the air.


First Line:
Aisne  River, is a river in northeastern France.


First Line:
Aix-la-Chapelle, Congress of, met in Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle), Germany, in 1818.


First Line:
Ajax the Greater, in Greek mythology, was one of the bravest Greek heroes who fought in the Trojan War.


First Line:
Ajax the Lesser, in Greek mythology, was a great Greek hero during the Trojan War.


First Line:
Akbar, (1542-1605), was the greatest ruler of the Mughal Empire of India.


First Line:
Akihito, (1933-...), became emperor of Japan in 1989 upon the death of his father, Hirohito (see Hirohito).


First Line:
Akita is a breed of dog that originated in northern Japan.


First Line:
Akiva ben Joseph, (A.D. 50?-135?), was a rabbi who profoundly influenced the development of Jewish law.


First Line:
Akron (pop. 217,074; met. area pop. 694,960), is a city in northeastern Ohio.


First Line:
Aksum, also spelled Axum, was a powerful ancient kingdom in East Africa.


First Line:
Alabama was the most famous of the 20 Confederate cruisers that preyed on Union merchant ships and whalers during the American Civil War (1861-1865).


First Line:
Alabama, one of the Southern States of the United States, is known as the Heart of Dixie.


First Line:
Alabama, University of, is a coeducational state-supported educational system.


First Line:
Alabama River flows through the East Gulf Coastal Plain of Alabama.


First Line:
Alabaster, is the name of two types of fine-grained white rocks that look similar but have different chemical compositions.


First Line:
Aladdin, is the hero of one of the most famous tales of the Thousand and One Nights, also known as the Arabian Nights.


First Line:
Alamo, is a historic structure in the center of San Antonio.


First Line:
Alanbrooke, Lord (1883-1963), was one of Britain's military leaders during World War II (1939-1945).


First Line:
Al-Anon, is a worldwide fellowship of the families and friends of alcoholics.


First Line:
Alarcon, Pedro Antonio de (1833-1891), was a Spanish author.


First Line:
Alaric, (A.D. 370?-410), was a king of the Visigoths.


First Line:
Alaska is the largest state of the United States in area.


First Line:
Alaska, University of, is a state-supported system of higher education.


First Line:
Alaska Highway is a 1,397-mile (2,248-kilometer) road that runs between Dawson Creek, British Columbia, and Delta Junction, Alaska.


First Line:
Alaskan malamute is a strong, rugged sled dog that came originally from Alaska.


First Line:
Al-Azhar University is one of the oldest universities in the world.


First Line:
Alba, Duke of (1508?-1582?), also called the Duke of Alva, was a Spanish general and diplomat who served Kings Charles I and Philip II of Spain.


First Line:
Albania is a small, mountainous nation in the Balkan Peninsula of southeastern Europe.


First Line:
Albany (pop. 95,658) is the capital of New York and a leading transportation center of the state.


First Line:
Albany Congress was a meeting that adopted the first formal proposal for a political union of the American Colonies.


First Line:
Al Basrah, (pop. 678,000), also called Basra, is one of the largest cities in Iraq.


First Line:
Albatross, is the name for any one of several kinds of large sea birds.


First Line:
Albee, Edward (1928-...), is a major American playwright who uses a wide variety of styles ranging from realism to fantasy.


First Line:
Albeniz, Isaac (1860-1909), a Spanish composer and pianist, was one of the creators of a national style for Spanish music.


First Line:
Albers, Josef (1888-1976), was a German-born painter and teacher.


First Line:
Albert I (1875-1934), king of the Belgians from 1909 to 1934, was a heroic military leader during World War I (1914-1918).


First Line:
Albert, Carl Bert (1908-2000), an Oklahoma Democrat, was speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1971 until he retired in 1977.


First Line:
Albert, Prince (1819-1861), married his first cousin, Queen Victoria of Britain, in 1840.


First Line:
Alberta, the westernmost Prairie Province of Canada, is one of the greatest oil-producing regions in North America.


First Line:
Alberta, University of, is a government-supported, coeducational university in Edmonton, Canada.


First Line:
Alberti, Leon Battista (1404-1472), was an Italian Renaissance architect, painter, and scholar.


First Line:
Albertus Magnus, Saint (1206?-1280), was a German-born Christian theologian, philosopher, and scientist.


First Line:
Albigenses, were a group named for Albi, a city in southern France.


First Line:
Albino, is an animal or plant that is unable to produce pigment (coloring substance) in some or all of its organs.


First Line:
Albright, Madeleine Korbel (1937-...), served as secretary of state of the United States from 1997 to 2001.


First Line:
Albumin, also spelled albumen, is a sticky, gelatinlike substance.


First Line:
Albuquerque, (pop. 448,607; met. area pop. 712,738), is the largest city in New Mexico.


First Line:
Alcan Aluminium Limited is one of the world's largest producers of aluminum and a manufacturer of aluminum products.


First Line:
Alcatraz, was a famous federal prison on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay.


First Line:
Alcazar, is the name usually given to palaces built by the Moorish rulers in Spanish cities.


First Line:
Alchemy, is a blend of pseudoscience, magic, and mystical philosophy.


First Line:
Alcibiades, (450?-404 B.C.), was an Athenian general.


First Line:
Alcock and Brown, were pioneer British aviators who made the first nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean.


First Line:
Alcohol refers to a class of chemical compounds, all of which consist of chemically bonded atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.


First Line:
Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, Bureau of, is an agency in the United States Department of the Treasury.


First Line:
Alcoholic beverage is a drink that contains ethyl alcohol.


First Line:
Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) is a worldwide organization of men and women who help each other solve their common problem of alcoholism. They also offer to share their recovery experiences with others who have a drinking problem and want to do something abo


First Line:
Alcoholism is a serious disease in which people have an overwhelming desire for the mental and physical effects of drinking alcoholic beverages.


First Line:
Alcott, Bronson (1799-1888), was an American social reformer and a leader of a philosophical movement called transcendentalism.


First Line:
Alcott, Louisa May (1832-1888), was an American author.


First Line:
Aldehyde is a class of organic chemical compounds.


First Line:
Alden, John and Priscilla, came to America on the Mayflower in 1620.


First Line:
Alder, is the name of a group of about 30 shrubs and small trees that grow in moist ground.


First Line:
Alderney is the northernmost island of the Channel Islands, a group of islands in the English Channel that lie near the French coast.


First Line:
Aldridge, Ira (1807?-1867), was the first African American actor to win fame in the Western world.


First Line:
Aleatory  music, is a type of music in which the specific shape of a composition is not determined by the composer.


First Line:
Aleixandre, Vicente (1898-1984), a Spanish poet, won the 1977 Nobel Prize for literature.


First Line:
Aleppo, (pop. 1,583,000), is one of the largest and most important cities in Syria.


First Line:
Aleutian Islands, are a volcanic island chain that extends 1,100 miles (1,800 kilometers) west from the tip of the Alaska Peninsula.


First Line:
Aleuts, are people who have traditionally lived on the harsh, windswept Aleutian Islands, which lie off the mainland of Alaska.


First Line:
Alewife is a fish that lives mainly in the Great Lakes and along the Atlantic coast of North America.


First Line:
Alexander I (1777-1825) was czar of Russia from 1801 to 1825.


First Line:
Alexander I (1888-1934) became king in 1921 of the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, later called Yugoslavia.


First Line:
Alexander II (1818-1881) was czar of Russia from 1855 to 1881 and a member of Romanov line of rulers.


First Line:
Alexander III (1105-1181) was elected pope in 1159.


First Line:
Alexander III (1845-1894) was czar of Russia from 1881 to 1894.


First Line:
Alexander VI (1431-1503) was the most worldly of the Renaissance popes.


First Line:
Alexander, Grover Cleveland (1887-1950), was one of baseball's greatest pitchers.


First Line:
Alexander, Lloyd (1924-...), an American author, won the 1969 Newbery Medal for his story The High King (1968).


First Line:
Alexander of Tunis, Earl (1891-1969), was a British military leader and statesman and the last British-born governor general of Canada.


First Line:
Alexander the Great (356-323 B.C.) was king of the Macedonians and one of the greatest generals in history.


First Line:
Alexandria (pop. 3,380,000) is Egypt's busiest seaport and second largest city.


First Line:
Alexandria, Virginia (pop. 128,283), is a historic city on the west bank of the Potomac River, across from Washington, D.C. During the 1730's, a warehouse was established on the site of Alexandria for the export of tobacco, Virginia's chief cash crop.


First Line:
Alexandrite, is a rare gem that has a high luster.


First Line:
Alfalfa is a valuable crop that is grown mainly for forage (livestock feed).


First Line:
Alfieri, Vittorio (1749-1803), was an Italian playwright and poet.


First Line:
Alfonso XIII, (1886-1941), served as king of Spain from 1902 until 1931, when Spain became a republic.


First Line:
Alfred the Great (849-899) was king of the West Saxons in southwestern England.


First Line:
Alfven, Hannes Olof Gosta (1908-1995), a Swedish physicist, won a share of the Nobel Prize for physics in 1970 for his research in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and plasma physics.


First Line:
Algae, are simple organisms that live in oceans, lakes, rivers, ponds, and moist soil.


First Line:
Algebra is one of the chief branches of mathematics.


First Line:
Alger, Horatio (1832-1899), was an American author of novels for boys.


First Line:
Algeria, is a large country in northern Africa.


First Line:
Algiers, (pop. 1,886,000), is the capital and largest city of Algeria.


First Line:
Algol, also called Beta Persei, is the second brightest star in the constellation Perseus.


First Line:
Algonquin Indians, once fished and hunted in the Ottawa River region of Canada, in what is now Ontario and Quebec.


First Line:
Algorithm, is a step-by-step procedure for solving a mathematical problem in a limited number of steps.


First Line:
Algren, Nelson (1909-1981), an American author, is best known for fiction describing the brutal life of the Chicago slums of the 1930's and 1940's.


First Line:
Alhambra, was a famous palace and fortress in Granada, Spain.


First Line:
Ali, Muhammad, (1942-...), was an American heavyweight boxing champion.


First Line:
Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument, is in Potter County in northwestern Texas.


First Line:
Alien, is a person who is not a citizen or national of the country in which he or she is living.


First Line:
Alien and Sedition  Acts, were a series of laws passed by Congress in 1798 to silence opposition to an expected war with France.


First Line:
Alienation is the feeling of being isolated from certain aspects of one's environment.


First Line:
Alienation of affections is the act of a third person who turns the affection of one family member away from another.


First Line:
Alimentary canal is a long tube through which food is taken into the body and digested.


First Line:
Alimony, is support money paid by one spouse (husband or wife) to the other during a legal separation or after a divorce.


First Line:
Alinsky, Saul David (1909-1972), won fame for his efforts to help poor people help themselves.


First Line:
Alkali, in chemistry, refers to six chemical elements that are known as the alkali metals: lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium.


First Line:
Alkaloid, is any of a group of organic bases found in plants.


First Line:
Alkalosis, is a condition in which a person's body fluids become too alkaline.


First Line:
All Saints' Day is a Christian holy day observed by Western Christians on November 1 and by Eastern Christians on the first Sunday of Pentecost (see Pentecost).


First Line:
Allah, is the Arabic name for the Supreme Being of the religion of Islam.


First Line:
Allahabad, (pop. 792,858; met. area pop. 844,546), is a holy city of India.


First Line:
Allegheny Mountains, form part of the Appalachian Mountain system of the Eastern United States.


First Line:
Allegheny River, is a major stream of western Pennsylvania and a principal headwater of the Ohio River.


First Line:
Allegory, is a story with more than one meaning.


First Line:
Allen, Barbara, is the central character in an old British ballad.


First Line:
Allen, Ethan (1738-1789), a fiery patriot and soldier, led the Green Mountain Boys in the capture of Fort Ticonderoga from the British in 1775.


First Line:
Allen, Hervey (1889-1949), was an American author best known for his historical romance Anthony Adverse (1933).


First Line:
Allen, Richard (1760-1831), founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church (A.M.E.), the first African American denomination in the United States.


First Line:
Allen, William (1803-1879), served as an Ohio Democrat in the United States House of Representatives from 1833 to 1835 and in the U.S. Senate from 1837 to 1849.


First Line:
Allen, William Cardinal (1532-1594), a prominent English clergyman, defended Roman Catholic beliefs after the Protestant Queen Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558.


First Line:
Allen, Woody (1935-...), is an American actor, motion-picture director, author, and comedian.


First Line:
Allenby, Lord (1861-1936), was a British military leader.


First Line:
Allende Gossens, Salvador (1908-1973), served as president of Chile from 1970 to 1973, when military leaders overthrew his government.


First Line:
Allentown (pop. 106,632) is a center of manufacturing and high technology in eastern Pennsylvania.


First Line:
Allergy is a body reaction that occurs in persons who are sensitive to certain substances.


First Line:
Alliance for Progress, or, in Spanish, Alianza para el Progreso, was a cooperative program that promoted economic and social development in Latin America.


First Line:
Alligator is the name of two kinds of reptiles related to crocodiles.


First Line:
Alliteration, occurs when the same sound starts succeeding accented syllables.


First Line:
Allopathy, is a method in medical practice that tries to cure a disease by producing effects on the body that differ from the effects of the disease.


First Line:
Allosaurus, was a large, meat-eating dinosaur that lived about 150 million years ago.


First Line:
Allotropy, in chemistry, is the ability of an element to exist in more than one form.


First Line:
Alloy is a material made up of a metal and at least one other element.


First Line:
Allport, Gordon W. (1897-1967), was an American psychologist known for his research in human personality. In a series of books and articles published during a period of 30 years, Allport opposed the idea that an individual's personality is a bundle of phy


First Line:
Allspice is a spice with a flavor similar to that of a combination of cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg.


First Line:
Allston, Washington (1779-1843), was one of the first American artists to paint in a romantic style.


First Line:
Alluvial fan, is a fan-shaped deposit of layered gravels, sands, silts, and other materials.


First Line:
Alluvium, is clay, silt, sand, gravel, or other material deposited by rivers or streams during periods of flood.


First Line:
Alma mater, is an expression used by students or graduates to refer to their university or college.


First Line:
Almanac, is a book or pamphlet, usually published once a year, that contains many kinds of information.


First Line:
Almaty, (pop. 1,147,000), also spelled Alma-Ata, is the largest city and the economic and cultural center of Kazakhstan.


First Line:
Aloe, is the name of a group of over 200 fleshy-leaved plants native to the Middle East, Madagascar, and southern Africa.


First Line:
Alpaca, is a grazing animal of South America that is related to the camel.


First Line:
Alpha Centauri, is a multiple star system in the constellation Centaurus.


First Line:
Alpha particle is an atomic nucleus that consists of two protons and two neutrons.


First Line:
Alphabet is the series of letters used in writing a language.


First Line:
Alphonsus Liguori, Saint (1696-1787), an Italian religious teacher, founded in 1732 the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (the Redemptorist Order) for religious work among poor people in rural areas.


First Line:
Alphorn, also called alpenhorn, is a long tube-shaped instrument used chiefly by herders to call cattle in mountain regions of Switzerland.


First Line:
Alps are the largest mountain system in Europe.


First Line:
Alsace-Lorraine, is a region in northeastern France, on the French-German border.


First Line:
Alsatian  dog is the term used in Britain and Commonwealth countries for a German shepherd dog.


First Line:
Altai  Mountains, form a lofty range that runs about 1,200 miles (1,900 kilometers) northwest across the borders of western Mongolia and Kazakhstan.


First Line:
Altar is a raised place or object that serves as the central point of religious worship.


First Line:
Alternation of generations is a term that describes the life cycle of most plants and some algae.


First Line:
Alternative medicine refers to a wide range of healing practices that generally are not considered part of conventional medicine.


First Line:
Alternative school is any public or private school that differs from traditional schools in curriculum, purpose, or teaching methods.


First Line:
Altgeld, John Peter (1847-1902), was a reformer who served as governor of Illinois from 1893 to 1897.


First Line:
Altimeter, is an instrument that measures altitude.


First Line:
Altitude is the height of an object above the earth's surface, sea level, or some other given level.


First Line:
Altman, Robert (1925-...), is an American motion-picture director known for his unusual, offbeat films.


First Line:
Altrusa International is a volunteer organization of business and professional leaders who work to improve their communities through personal service.


First Line:
Alum, is the name of a particular group of double salts.


First Line:
Alumina, also called aluminum oxide, is a compound composed of aluminum and oxygen.


First Line:
Aluminum, is a lightweight, silver-colored metal that can be formed into almost any shape.


First Line:
Alvarado, Pedro de (1485?-1541), helped Hernando Cortes subdue the Aztec in Mexico and conquered Guatemala himself.


First Line:
Alzheimer's disease, often abbreviated as AD, is a brain disease that causes increasing loss of memory and other mental abilities.


First Line:
A.M. stands for the Latin words ante meridiem, which mean before noon. See Hour.


First Line:
Amadis of Gaul, is a famous Spanish romance of chivalry.


First Line:
Amado, Jorge, (1912-2001), was a Brazilian novelist.


First Line:
Amalekites, were a desert people who lived south of Canaan (later called Palestine) in Old Testament times.


First Line:
Amalgam is an alloy of mercury with some other metal.


First Line:
Amanites, are members of a religious group called the Amana Church Society.


First Line:
Amaranth, is the common name of a genus (group) of plants that includes weeds, garden flowers, and crops.


First Line:
Amarillo, (pop. 173,627; met. area pop. 217,858), is the largest city and commercial center of the Panhandle of northern Texas.


First Line:
Amaryllis, is a family of more than 1,200 species of flowers.


First Line:
Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) is an organization that promotes and develops amateur sports and physical fitness programs in the United States.


First Line:
Amati family, was a family of violin makers who worked in Cremona, Italy, from the 1500's to the 1700's.


First Line:
Amazon rain forest is the world's largest tropical rain forest.


First Line:
Amazon River, is the world's second longest river and the chief river of South America.


First Line:
Amazons, were a tribe of warrior women in Greek mythology.


First Line:
Ambassador is the personal representative of a country's head of state at the capital of another country.


First Line:
Amber is a hard, yellowish-brown fossilized resin.


First Line:
Ambergris, is a waxy substance found in the intestines of some sperm whales.


First Line:
Amberjack is a large, fast-swimming game fish found in warm and tropical oceans.


First Line:
Ambler, Eric (1909-1998), an English author, won fame for his well-constructed novels of intrigue and international adventure.


First Line:
Ambrose, Saint (340?-397), was a bishop of Milan and one of the most influential people of his time.


First Line:
Ambrosia, was a magical substance eaten by the gods of Greek and Roman mythology.


First Line:
Ambrozic, Aloysius Cardinal (1930-...), was appointed a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church by Pope John Paul II in 1998.


First Line:
Ambulance is a vehicle designed to transport sick or injured people.


First Line:
Ameba, also spelled amoeba, is a tiny, one-celled organism that usually can only be seen under a microscope.


First Line:
Amendment, in legislation, is a change in a law, or in a bill before it becomes a law.


First Line:
America is the great land mass of the Western Hemisphere.


First Line:
America is one of the national hymns of the United States.


First Line:
America First Committee, founded in September 1940, was the most powerful isolationist group in America before the United States entered World War II.


First Line:
America the Beautiful, also called O Beautiful for Spacious Skies, is one of the most familiar and popular American patriotic songs.


First Line:
American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters is an organization that promotes literature and the fine arts in the United States.


First Line:
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is the world's largest federation of scientific organizations.


First Line:
American Association of University Women (AAUW) is a national organization of men and women who have a bachelor's or higher degree.


First Line:
American Baptist Association was organized in 1924 through the merger of three church groups--the General Association of Baptist Churches, the Baptist Missionary Association of Texas, and a Baptist convention in Oklahoma.


First Line:
American Baptist Churches in the U.S.A. is an organization of Baptist churches, associations, and religious bodies. It is a member of the National Council of Churches, the World Council of Churches, and the Baptist World Alliance.


First Line:
American Bar Association is a voluntary organization of lawyers, judges, law students, and law teachers of the United States and its possessions.


First Line:
American Bowling Congress (ABC) is a legislative and judicial body that governs about 3 million male bowlers in almost 120,000 sanctioned leagues in the Western Hemisphere.


First Line:
American Chemical Society is an organization of chemists and chemical engineers.


First Line:
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is a nonpartisan organization devoted to defending the rights and freedoms of people in the United States.


First Line:
American Council on Alcohol Problems (ACAP) is a nonprofit organization that warns the public of the dangers of alcohol.


First Line:
American Council on Education is an alliance of nearly 1,800 institutions and organizations of higher education.


First Line:
American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research sponsors research on government policy, the United States economy, and American and world politics.


First Line:
American Eskimo dog is a small dog known for its fluffy, white coat.


First Line:
American Farm Bureau Federation is the largest general farm organization in the United States.


First Line:
American Federation of Government Employees (AFGE) is a union of civilian employees of the United States government and the District of Columbia.


First Line:
American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) is a federation of labor unions.


First Line:
American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees is one of the largest unions in the United States.


First Line:
American Federation of Teachers is a union affiliated with the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO).


First Line:
American foxhound is a medium-sized hunting dog.


First Line:
American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) is a Quaker organization committed to nonviolence and social equality.


First Line:
American GI Forum of the United States is a civil rights organization for Mexican American military veterans and their families.


First Line:
American Indian Movement (AIM) is a civil rights organization in the United States and Canada.


First Line:
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics is a professional society for engineers and scientists who are engaged in aviation and space work in the United States.


First Line:
American Kennel Club (AKC) is the world's largest registry for purebred dogs.


First Line:
American Legion ranks as the largest veterans' organization in the United States.


First Line:
American Legion Auxiliary is the largest women's patriotic organization in the United States.


First Line:
American Library Association (ALA) is an organization founded in 1876 for libraries, librarians, library trustees, and other people interested in libraries.


First Line:
American literature cannot be captured in a simple definition.


First Line:
American Lung Association is the oldest nationwide voluntary public health agency in the United States.


First Line:
American Medical Association (AMA) is a professional society of physicians.


First Line:
American Museum of Natural History, in New York City, was incorporated in 1869 for the purpose of developing the study of natural science.


First Line:
American Party is a conservative political party in the United States.


First Line:
American Printing House for the Blind is one of the world's major publishers for the blind.


First Line:
American Samoa is a United States territory, about 2,300 miles (3,700 kilometers) southwest of Hawaii.


First Line:
American Samoa, National Park of, lies in the United States territory of American Samoa in the South Pacific Ocean.


First Line:
American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) is an association of over 100,000 writers and publishers of music.


First Line:
American Staffordshire terrier is a breed of dog that originated in the United States.


First Line:
American water spaniel is a hunting dog that was developed in the United States.


First Line:
American's Creed won a nationwide contest for William Tyler Page of Maryland in 1917 as "the best summary of the political faith of America." It follows


First Line:
Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) is an independent political organization that urges government action to promote and maintain liberal policies.


First Line:
America's Cup is the oldest trophy in international sports.


First Line:
Americium, is an artificially created radioactive element.


First Line:
Ames, Adelbert, Jr. (1880-1955), was an American scientist known for his research in optics and visual perception. His views on visual perception are known as the transactional approach.


First Line:
Amethyst, is a gemstone of a purple or bluish-violet color.


First Line:
Amherst, Lord Jeffery (1717-1797), a British general, helped Britain win Canada from France.


First Line:
Amiens, or in French pronounced ah MYAN (pop. 136,234; met. area pop. 156,120), is a city in northern France.


First Line:
Amin Dada, Idi (1925?-...), was the ruler of Uganda from 1971 to 1979.


First Line:
Amino acid, is the name for the type of organic acids that make up all the proteins in living things.


First Line:
Amish, belong to a Protestant group that originated in Switzerland but is now centered in the United States and Canada.


First Line:
Amistad Rebellion was a revolt in 1839 by black slaves against Spaniards who had bought them.


First Line:
Amman, (pop. 969,598), is the capital and largest city of Jordan.


First Line:
Ammonia, is a colorless alkaline gas made up of one part nitrogen and three parts hydrogen.


First Line:
Ammons, A. R. (1926-2001), was an American poet whose verse explores natural processes, from the cosmic to the microscopic. Trained in science, Ammons brought to his poetry a subtle understanding of how organisms and events interact in nature to produce e


First Line:
Ammunition is any object fired or launched from a gun or some other weapon.


First Line:
Amnesia, is a partial or, in rare cases, a complete loss of memory.


First Line:
Amnesty, is forgiveness by a government for crimes against it.


First Line:
Amnesty International, is an independent, worldwide human-rights organization.


First Line:
Amniocentesis, is a medical procedure performed during pregnancy to help determine the health and maturity of an unborn baby.


First Line:
Amon, became the most important god in ancient Egyptian mythology.


First Line:
Amos, Book of, is a book of the Old Testament, or Hebrew Bible, named for an Israelite prophet.


First Line:
Ampere, is the unit used to measure the rate of flow of an electric current.


First Line:
Ampere, Andre Marie, (1775-1836), a French mathematician and physicist, discovered the laws of electromagnetism in the 1820's.


First Line:
Amphetamine, is one of several drugs that increase physical and mental activity, prevent sleep, and decrease appetite.


First Line:
Amphibian, is an animal with scaleless skin that--with a few exceptions--lives part of its life in water and part on land.


First Line:
Amphibious ship, is a warship that lands troops, weapons, and vehicles on beaches during amphibious assaults.


First Line:
Amphibious warfare, is the conduct of military operations by naval, air, and land forces for the purpose of seizing a beach or coastal area.


First Line:
Amphibole, is any one of a large group of relatively hard minerals found in many igneous and metamorphic rocks (see Rock).


First Line:
Amphioxus, also called lancelet, pronounced LANS liht, is a small sea animal that lives in shallow water.


First Line:
Ampicillin, is a drug used to treat infections caused by certain bacteria.


First Line:
Amputation, is the process of cutting off a limb, part of a limb, or another part of the body.


First Line:
Amritsar, (pop. 708,835), is a manufacturing center in Punjab, a state in northern India.


First Line:
Amsterdam (pop. 724,096; met. area pop. 1,100,120) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands.


First Line:
Amtrak is a semipublic corporation that operates intercity passenger trains in the United States.


First Line:
Amulet, is a charm that supposedly has magic power.


First Line:
Amundsen, Roald, (1872-1928), a Norwegian explorer, led the first expedition to reach the South Pole.


First Line:
Amur River, is a huge river in eastern Siberia, formed by the joining of the Argun and Shilka rivers.


First Line:
Amusement park is a permanent outdoor entertainment complex that typically offers games, rides, and shows.


First Line:
AMVETS is an organization of veterans who have served honorably in the United States military.


First Line:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also called ALS, is a rare, incurable disease of the nervous system.


First Line:
Anabaptists were one form of what has been called the radical wing of the Reformation of the 1500's.


First Line:
Anableps, also called four-eyed fish, is a small fish that lives in freshwater streams of tropical America.


First Line:
Anaconda, is the name of two kinds of large snakes found in tropical South America.


First Line:
Anacreon, (572?-487 B.C.), a Greek lyric poet, made wine and love his main themes.


First Line:
Anaheim, California (pop. 328,014), is a residential and light-industrial city and tourist center in southern California.


First Line:
Analgesic, is any drug that relieves pain without causing unconsciousness.


First Line:
Analog computer is a device that solves problems by measuring a continuously varying quantity, such as weight, speed, or voltage.


First Line:
Analytical chemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the development and use of techniques for chemical measurement.


First Line:
Anaphylactic shock, also called anaphylaxis, is a rare, life-threatening allergic reaction that affects the whole body.


First Line:
Anarchism, is a belief that every form of regulation or government is immoral, and that restraint of one person by another is an evil which must be destroyed.


First Line:
Anatomy is the study of the biological structure of living things.


First Line:
Anaxagoras, (500?-428 B.C.), was an early Greek philosopher.


First Line:
Anaximander, (611?-547? B.C.), was an early Greek philosopher.


First Line:
Anaximenes, was an early Greek philosopher who lived in Miletus in Asia Minor (now Turkey) during the 500's B.C.


First Line:
Ancestor worship refers to certain beliefs and practices of families with regard to ancestors who have been dead for many years.


First Line:
Anchor is a heavy weight used to hold a ship or boat in place.


First Line:
Anchorage (pop. 260,283) is Alaska's largest city in population and the state's main center of commerce and transportation.


First Line:
Anchovy is a popular food fish related to the herring.


First Line:
Ancient civilization refers to civilizations that flourished long ago.


First Line:
Andersen, Hans Christian (1805-1875), was Denmark's most famous author.


First Line:
Anderson, Carl David (1905-1991), an American physicist, discovered two subatomic particles--the positron and the muon.


First Line:
Anderson, Marian (1897-1993), was an African American contralto.


First Line:
Anderson, Maxwell (1888-1959), an American playwright, brought seriousness and idealism to the theater.


First Line:
Anderson, Sherwood (1876-1941), was an American short-story writer and novelist.


First Line:
Andes  Mountains, are the world's longest chain of mountains above sea level.


First Line:
Andorra, one of the smallest countries in the world, lies high in the Pyrenees mountains between France and Spain.


First Line:
Andrada e Silva, Jose Bonifacio de, (1763-1838), was a Brazilian statesman known as the "architect of Brazilian independence."


First Line:
Andre, John (1751-1780), a British officer, was hanged as a spy by the American Revolutionary Army.


First Line:
Andretti, Mario (1940-...), became one of America's finest automobile racing drivers.


First Line:
Andrew, Saint, was the first of the 12 apostles of Jesus Christ.


First Line:
Andrews, John Miller (1871-1956), was prime minister of Northern Ireland from 1940 to 1943.


First Line:
Andrews, Roy Chapman (1884-1960), was well known as an author and explorer, and as a leader of expeditions for the American Museum of Natural History.


First Line:
Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland, is the headquarters of the Air Force Systems Command.


First Line:
Andreyev, Leonid, (1871-1919), was a Russian prose writer and dramatist.


First Line:
Androcles, also called Androclus, was a Roman slave who ran away from his master and hid in a cave.


First Line:
Andromeda, is a constellation of the northern celestial hemisphere.


First Line:
Andromeda, in Greek mythology, was the daughter of Cassiopeia and Cepheus, rulers of Ethiopia.


First Line:
Andropov, Vladimirovich, Yuri (1914-1984), served as general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from November 1982 until his death in February 1984.


First Line:
Andros, Sir Edmund (1637-1714), an English administrator, served as governor of New York colony from 1674 to 1681.


First Line:
Anemia, is a condition in which the number of healthy red blood cells falls below normal.


First Line:
Anemometer, is an instrument that measures wind speed.


First Line:
Anemone, is any of more than 150 species of spring flowers that grow in woodlands and prairies in the United States and Canada.


First Line:
Anesthesia, is the loss of sensation--particularly that of pain--in all or part of the body.


First Line:
Anesthesiology, is a branch of medicine that deals with the administration of drugs for the relief of pain and anxiety during surgery and childbirth.


First Line:
Aneurysm, is a balloonlike bulge that forms in a weakened area of the wall of an artery or vein.


First Line:
Angel, according to many religions, is a spiritual being created by God.


First Line:
Angel Falls is the highest waterfall in the world.


First Line:
Angelfish is the name of a type of fish that has a thin, oval body and long, pointed fins.


First Line:
Angelico, Fra (1400?-1455), was an Italian painter.


First Line:
Angelou, Maya, (1928-...), is an American author, poet, playwright, editor, actress, director, and teacher.


First Line:
Angina pectoris, is chest pain that occurs if the heart does not receive enough oxygen.


First Line:
Angiography, is a technique that makes blood vessels visible using X rays.


First Line:
Angioplasty, is a technique used to open arteries that have become blocked by deposits of cholesterol, calcium, and other substances.


First Line:
Angiosperm, is the name given to flowering plants.


First Line:
Angkor, was an early civilization that flourished in northwestern Cambodia from the early 800's to the 1400's.


First Line:
Angle, in plane geometry, is a figure formed by two rays with the same end point.


First Line:
Angles made up one of the Germanic peoples who invaded Britain during the A.D. 400's and 500's.


First Line:
Anglicans, are Christians who belong to churches that are part of the Anglican Communion.


First Line:
Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle, is the first great work of English prose and the most important source for English history from about 800 to 1066.


First Line:
Anglo-Saxons, were members of the Germanic tribes that settled in what is now England in the A.D. 400's and 500's.


First Line:
Angola is a country on the southwest coast of Africa.


First Line:
Angora, is a hair fiber made from the fur of the Angora rabbit.


First Line:
Angstrom, is a unit of length used to measure very small distances.


First Line:
Anguilla is a coral island in the Caribbean Sea.


First Line:
Anhinga, also called American darter, is a large bird that lives in swamps, ponds, and rivers in warm regions of the Western Hemisphere.


First Line:
Anhydride, is a chemical substance that forms acids or bases when combined with water.


First Line:
Anhydrous ammonia, is the liquid form of pure ammonia gas.


First Line:
Ani, is the name of three species of birds in the cuckoo family.


First Line:
Aniline, is a chemical best known for its use in making dyes.


First Line:
Animal. Animals come in many shapes and sizes.


First Line:
Animal experimentation is the use of animals in biological, medical, and psychological studies.


First Line:
Animal rights movement is a term that refers to organized efforts opposing the use of animals for research, food, and clothing.


First Line:
Animal worship is the practice of worshiping or honoring animals.


First Line:
Animation is a visual technique that creates the illusion of motion, rather than recording motion through live action.


First Line:
Animism, is a term used to describe certain religious beliefs based upon the concept of a soul that departs the body after death.


First Line:
Anise, is an annual herb related to caraway and dill.


First Line:
Ankara, (pop. 2,559,500), is the capital of Turkey.


First Line:
Ankle is the joint where the leg and the foot meet.


First Line:
Ankylosaurus, was a large, armored dinosaur that lived between 68 million years and 65 million years ago in what is now western North America.


First Line:
Ankylosis, means a stiffening or a fusion of a joint, preventing motion.


First Line:
Ann Arbor, Michigan (pop. 114,024; met. area pop. 578,736), is the home of the University of Michigan.


First Line:
Annan, Kofi Atta, (1938-...), is a diplomat from Ghana who in 1997 became the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations (UN).


First Line:
Annapolis, (pop. 35,838), is the capital of Maryland and the home of the United States Naval Academy.


First Line:
Annapolis  Convention, was a meeting held in Annapolis, Maryland, in 1786 to discuss changes in the Articles of Confederation, which had served as the basic law of the United States since 1781.


First Line:
Annapolis  Royal, Nova Scotia (pop. 583), is one of the oldest communities in North America.


First Line:
Annapurna, a small range of mountains within the Himalaya, includes some of the highest peaks in the world.


First Line:
Anne (1665-1714) was the first queen of Britain, which was formed when the Kingdom of Scotland united with the Kingdom of England and Wales in 1707.


First Line:
Anne, Saint, is traditionally regarded as the wife of Joachim and mother of the Virgin Mary.


First Line:
Anne of Austria (1601-1666) was the wife of King Louis XIII of France and the mother of King Louis XIV. After her husband's death in 1643, she ruled France as queen regent (temporary ruler) for her young son.


First Line:
Annealing, is a process of heating metals, glass, or other materials and then cooling them.


First Line:
Annenberg Foundation is a charitable organization that exists to advance the public well-being through improved communication.


First Line:
Annexation, is a method that governments use to acquire and establish sovereignty over new territory.


First Line:
Annual is a plant that grows, blossoms, produces seed, and dies within one growing season.


First Line:
Annuity, is a sum of money paid out at regular times, usually monthly or yearly.


First Line:
Annulment is the declaration that a marriage never really existed, or was void from the beginning.


First Line:
Annunciation, is the announcement, according to Luke 1: 26-38, which the angel Gabriel made to Mary.


First Line:
Anodizing, is a type of electrolysis used to place a protective oxide coating on metal.


First Line:
Anointing of the sick is a sacrament of the Roman Catholic Church and of Eastern Orthodox churches.


First Line:
Anole, is the name of about 300 species of lizards that live in the West Indies and in Central and South America.


First Line:
Anorexia nervosa, is an emotional illness in which a person refuses to eat.


First Line:
Anouilh, Jean, (1910-1987), was a French playwright.


First Line:
Anoxia, is the lack of a normal supply of oxygen to body tissues, or the inability of the tissues to use the oxygen.


First Line:
Anselm, Saint (1033-1109), was an influential medieval theologian and church leader.


First Line:
Ant is the name of a family of small insects that live in organized communities.


First Line:
Ant lion is an insect larva (immature form) that digs a pit in the soil to trap ants and other small insects for its food.


First Line:
Antacid is any of a group of drugs that neutralize acid in the digestive system.


First Line:
Antananarivo, (pop. 800,000), is the capital and largest city of Madagascar, which includes the island of Madagascar and small nearby islands.


First Line:
Antarctic Circle, is an imaginary line that encloses almost all of Antarctica.


First Line:
Antarctic  Ocean, is the name sometimes given to the waters surrounding the Antarctic continent.


First Line:
Antarctica, is the ice-buried continent that covers and surrounds the South Pole.


First Line:
Antares, also called Alpha Scorpii, is the brightest star in the constellation Scorpius.


First Line:
Anteater is the name of a group of mammals that lack teeth and feed mostly on ants and termites.


First Line:
Antecedent, is a word or group of words to which a pronoun refers in a sentence.


First Line:
Antelope is the name of a large group of animals that have hoofs and hollow horns.


First Line:
Antenna, also called aerial, is a device that transmits and receives radio, television, and radar signals.


First Line:
Antennae, are long, delicate sensory organs on the heads of almost all insects and most other arthropods (see Arthropod).


First Line:
Anthony, Susan Brownell (1820-1906), was a reformer and one of the first leaders of the campaign for women's rights.


First Line:
Anthony of Padua, Saint (1195-1231), was a Christian religious leader and a popular preacher of his time.


First Line:
Anthony of Thebes, Saint (250?-356), was the founder of Christian monasticism.


First Line:
Anthrax, is a serious infectious disease that chiefly affects animals but can also occur in people.


First Line:
Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity and of human culture.


First Line:
Anthurium, is the name of a large genus (group) of flowering plants native to tropical regions in North and South America.


First Line:
Antibiotic, is a substance produced by certain bacteria or fungi that kills other cells or interferes with their growth.


First Line:
Antichrist is a power or person opposed to Jesus Christ.


First Line:
Anticoagulant, is a chemical substance used to prevent the normal coagulation (clotting) of blood.


First Line:
Anticonvulsant is a type of drug used to treat or prevent seizures.


First Line:
Anticosti, is a rocky island in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, off the southern coast of Quebec.


First Line:
Antidepressant is the name of a group of drugs commonly used to treat major depression, a severe mental illness.


First Line:
Antidote, is a substance that fights the harmful action of a poison in the body.


First Line:
Anti-Federalists were a political group in the United States in the late 1780's that feared a strong national government.


First Line:
Antifreeze is a substance that is added to a liquid to lower its freezing point.


First Line:
Antigone, in Greek mythology, was the daughter of King Oedipus and Queen Jocasta, the rulers of Thebes.


First Line:
Antigonid  dynasty, was the name of a line of kings that ruled Macedonia, a kingdom north of Greece.


First Line:
Antigravity is a hypothetical force of repulsion.


First Line:
Antigua, (pop. 30,000), formerly Antigua Guatemala, was the capital of Guatemala in colonial days.


First Line:
Antigua and Barbuda, is an island country in the Caribbean Sea.


First Line:
Antihistamine, is the name of a group of drugs used to treat symptoms of allergies.


First Line:
Anti-Masonic Party, was an American political organization that was active during the late 1820's and early 1830's.


First Line:
Antimatter is matter composed of elementary particles that are the opposite of ordinary particles.


First Line:
Anti-Monopoly Party was active in U.S. politics in 1884.


First Line:
Antimony, a chemical element, is a bluish-white, brittle metal.


First Line:
Antioch, (pop. 123,900), is a commercial city in Turkey.


First Line:
Antioxidant, is any of a group of chemical compounds that may prevent certain types of cell damage.


First Line:
Antique is an object from the past that has artistic or historical value.


First Line:
Antirenters were a group of tenant farmers in New York who fought against paying rents to the landlords.


First Line:
Anti-Semitism is prejudice against Jews.


First Line:
Antiseptic is a substance that destroys--or stops the growth of--germs on living tissue.


First Line:
Antitoxin, is a substance made by living cells that counteracts illness caused by a toxin.


First Line:
Antitrust laws are designed to protect competition and consumers.


First Line:
Antoninus Pius, (A.D. 86-161), was Roman emperor from 138 until his death.


First Line:
Antonioni, Michelangelo, (1912-...), is an Italian motion-picture director.


First Line:
Antony, Mark (83?-30 B.C.), a Roman general and statesman, served as co-ruler of Rome from 43 B.C. until his death.


First Line:
Antonym, is a word that has the opposite meaning of another word.


First Line:
Antwerp, (pop. 462,800), is Belgium's largest city and its main port.


First Line:
Anubis, was an important god of the underworld among the ancient Egyptians.


First Line:
Anxiety, is a term used by mental health professionals to mean the same as fear or worry.


First Line:
Anzio, (pop. 33,497), is a small seaport and resort on the west coast of Italy.


First Line:
Aorta, is the body's longest and largest artery.


First Line:
Apache  Indians, belong to any of about five tribes of the Southwestern United States.


First Line:
Apartheid, was, from 1948 until 1991, the South African government's policy of rigid racial segregation.


First Line:
Apatosaurus, was a giant, plant-eating dinosaur that lived about 150 million years ago in what is now the Western United States.


First Line:
Ape is a member of the group of animals that most closely resemble human beings.


First Line:
Apelles, was one of the most famous ancient Greek painters.


First Line:
Apennine Tunnel, is a train tunnel on the Florence-Bologna railroad line in north-central Italy.


First Line:
Apennines, is the name of a mountain range in Italy that extends from the Gulf of Genoa to the Strait of Messina, about 840 miles (1,350 kilometers).


First Line:
Apgar score is a system for evaluating the physical condition of a baby immediately after birth.


First Line:
Aphasia, is the loss or partial loss of the ability to use and understand spoken and written language.


First Line:
Aphid, also called plant louse, is a tiny, soft-bodied insect that feeds on plant juices.


First Line:
Apia, (pop. 36,000), is the capital of Samoa.


First Line:
Apollinaire, Guillaume, (1880-1918), a French poet, was a leader in the arts in Paris during the decade before World War I (1914-1918).


First Line:
Apollo, was a major god in Greek mythology.


First Line:
Aponte Martinez, Luis Cardinal, (1922-...), archbishop of San Juan, became the first Puerto Rican cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.


First Line:
Apostlebird, is a quick-moving, gray or black bird about 12 inches (30 centimeters) long.


First Line:
Apostles, in the New Testament, are the 12 men chosen by Jesus Christ to be His close companions.


First Line:
Apostles' Creed is a statement of the main Western Christian beliefs.


First Line:
Apothecaries'  weight, is a system of weights once widely used by druggists for prescriptions.


First Line:
Appalachian, Mountains are the second largest mountain system of North America.


First Line:
Appalachian, National Scenic Trail is a footpath that extends about 2,000 miles (3,200 kilometers) from Mt.


First Line:
Appeal is the transfer of a legal action to a higher, or superior, court for review.


First Line:
Appendicitis, is an inflammation of the vermiform appendix (see Appendix).


First Line:
Appendix, in anatomy, is a structure attached to a larger or more important part.


First Line:
Appian  Way was the first and most famous military highway built by the ancient Romans.


First Line:
Apple is one of the most important fruits that grow on trees.


First Line:
Apple butter is a spread for bread made by cooking apples to a thick, pasty consistency, and seasoning with spices.


First Line:
Apple maggot is the wormlike larva (young) of the apple fly.


First Line:
Apple of Sodom is a spiny plant found near Jericho, a city in the Middle East.


First Line:
Appleseed, Johnny (1774-1845), was the name given to John Chapman, an American pioneer who planted large numbers of apple trees along the early frontier.


First Line:
Appleton, Sir Edward Victor (1892-1965), a British physicist, won the 1947 Nobel Prize in physics for his discovery of the Appleton layer in the ionosphere.


First Line:
Applique, is a decorative process used in sewing and dressmaking.


First Line:
Appomattox  Court House, was a little country settlement in central Virginia.


First Line:
Apportionment is the process by which representation in legislative bodies is distributed among the people.


First Line:
Apposition extends the meaning of a word or phrase next to it.


First Line:
Appraisal is an opinion of value, usually the market value of a piece of property.


First Line:
Apprentice is a person who learns a trade by working under the guidance of a skilled master.


First Line:
Apprenticeship and Training, Bureau of, is an agency of the Employment and Training Administration of the United States Department of Labor.


First Line:
Apricot, is a golden, peachlike fruit with a pit.


First Line:
April is the fourth month of the year, according to the Gregorian calendar, which is used by most of the world today.


First Line:
April Fools' Day, or All Fools' Day, is the first day of April.


First Line:
Apuleius, Lucius (A.D. 125?-170?), wrote the only completely preserved novel in ancient Latin, Metamorphoses, also called The Golden Ass.


First Line:
Aqua regia, is a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids.


First Line:
Aquaculture, is the controlled raising of aquatic animals and plants.


First Line:
Aquamarine, is a light blue or bluish-green variety of a gemstone called beryl.


First Line:
Aquarius, is the 11th sign of the zodiac.


First Line:
Aqueduct, is an artificial channel through which water is conducted to the place where it is used.


First Line:
Aquinas, Saint Thomas (1225?-1274), was one of the greatest medieval philosophers and theologians.


First Line:
Aquino, Corazon, (1933-...), also known as Cory, was the first woman president of the Philippines.


First Line:
Arab-Israeli conflict is a struggle between the Jewish state of Israel and the Arabs of the Middle East.


First Line:
Arab League is an organization of 21 Middle Eastern and African nations and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).


First Line:
Arabesque, is a term used to describe the lacy surface decoration common in Islamic art.


First Line:
Arabian Desert, is a desert that covers most of the Arabian Peninsula.


First Line:
Arabian Nights, a collection of about 200 stories, is probably the most famous piece of Arabic literature in the West.


First Line:
Arabian Peninsula, in southwestern Asia, is a vast land that is largely desert.


First Line:
Arabian Sea, part of the Indian Ocean, lies between the Arabian Peninsula and India.


First Line:
Arabic language is one of the world's most widely used languages.


First Line:
Arabic literature is the literature of people who speak the Arabic language, the official language of 19 Arab nations.


First Line:
Arabic  numerals, also called Hindu-Arabic numerals, are the most common symbols used to represent numbers.


First Line:
Arabs are a large group of people whose native language is Arabic and who share a common history and culture.


First Line:
Arachne, was a skilled weaver in Greek mythology.


First Line:
Arachnid, is the name of any member of a class of small, insectlike, land animals.


First Line:
Arafat, Yasir (1929-...), became chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1969.


First Line:
Arafura, Sea is an expanse of water that separates the northern coast of Australia from the island of New Guinea and from Nusa Tenggara (the Lesser Sunda Islands).


First Line:
Aral Sea, is a large saltwater lake in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.


First Line:
Aramaic  language, is a language of the Middle East.


First Line:
Aran Island lies in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Donegal in the Republic of Ireland.


First Line:
Aramid is a manufactured fiber that is chemically similar to nylon but is stronger by weight than steel.


First Line:
Arapaho  Indians, are a tribe who once hunted on the Great Plains of North America.


First Line:
Ararat, was the country where, according to the Bible, Noah's ark landed after the Deluge.


First Line:
Araucanian Indians, a large group in South America, are famous for their long and successful resistance to the Spaniards.


First Line:
Arawak  Indians, were the first American Indians that Christopher Columbus met in the Americas in 1492.


First Line:
Arbitration, is the judging of a dispute by one or more impartial persons whose decision will be final and binding.


First Line:
Arbor Day is a day set apart for planting trees.


First Line:
Arboretum, is an outdoor laboratory where trees, shrubs, and other woody plants are grown under natural conditions.


First Line:
Arbutus, is the name given to a number of evergreen plants of the heath family.


First Line:
Arc deTriomphe, in Paris is the largest triumphal arch in the world.


First Line:
Arcadia, one of the departments of present-day Greece, was an important region in ancient times.


First Line:
Arcaro, Eddie (1916-1997), an American jockey, rode 4,779 winners in 31 years of racing.


First Line:
Arch is a curved structure that supports or strengthens a building.


First Line:
Archaea, also called archaebacteria, are a group of single-celled organisms that make up one of three basic divisions of life.


First Line:
Archaeology, is the scientific study of the remains of past human cultures.


First Line:
Archaeopteryx, is the name of a genus (group) of feathered animals that lived about 140 million years ago, during the late Jurassic Period.


First Line:
Archbishop is the chief bishop of a religious province in the Roman Catholic Church and other churches.


First Line:
Archer was a family of explorers and ranchers who dominated the pioneering history of southern and central Queensland, Australia.


First Line:
Archerfish is any of six species of large-eyed fish that can shoot drops of water from their mouth into the air with force and accuracy.


First Line:
Archery is the sport of shooting with a bow and arrow.


First Line:
Arches National Park lies near Moab in southeastern Utah.


First Line:
Archimedean screw, is a device for raising water.


First Line:
Archimedean solid, is any of 13 solid figures.


First Line:
Archimedes, (287?-212 B.C.), was the most original and profound mathematician of ancient times.


First Line:
Archipelago, is a Greek word that means chief sea.


First Line:
Archipenko, Alexander (1887-1964), was a pioneer cubist sculptor.


First Line:
Architecture is a term with several meanings, all related to buildings.


First Line:
Archives are collections of historical information.


First Line:
Archon, was the title of certain high-ranking administrators in many of the city-states of ancient Greece.


First Line:
Arctic, is the region of continuous cold around the North Pole.


First Line:
Arctic Circle, is an imaginary line that runs through the northern parts of Canada, Alaska, Russia, and Scandinavia.


First Line:
Arctic fox is a small fox that lives on the treeless coastal areas and islands of the Arctic Ocean.


First Line:
Arctic Ocean, is the smallest of the world's oceans.


First Line:
Arctic  tern, is a sea bird often called the migration champion of the world.


First Line:
Ardennes  Mountains and Forest, extend from northern France into Belgium and Luxembourg.


First Line:
Ardizzone, Edward (1900-1979), was a British author and illustrator of award-winning books for children.


First Line:
Area, in plane geometry, is the amount of surface contained within the boundaries of a plane figure.


First Line:
Arecibo  Observatory, is an astronomical observatory in Puerto Rico, 50 miles (80 kilometers) west of San Juan.


First Line:
Arena was the area used for combat with beasts or between gladiators in an ancient Roman amphitheater.


First Line:
Areopagus, was the oldest and most respected council of ancient Athens.


First Line:
Arequipa, (pop. 619,156), is the commercial center of southern Peru and one of Peru's largest cities.


First Line:
Ares, was a god of war in Greek mythology.


First Line:
Arethusa, was a beautiful nymph in Greek mythology.


First Line:
Argentina, is the second largest country in South America in area and the third largest in population.


First Line:
Argon, is a chemical element that forms 0.94 percent of the earth's atmosphere.


First Line:
Argonaut, is an eight-armed animal that lives near the surface of warm seas worldwide.


First Line:
Argonauts, in Greek mythology, were the companions of Jason, a famous hero.


First Line:
Argonne National Laboratory, is one of the largest centers in the United States for research and development in energy technologies.


First Line:
Argus, was a gigantic monster in Greek mythology.


First Line:
Arhus, also spelled Aarhus (pop. 204,139), is Denmark's second largest city.


First Line:
Arianism, was an early Christian theological view taught by Arius, a priest of Alexandria, Egypt.


First Line:
Arias Sanchez, Oscar (1941-...), served as president of Costa Rica from 1986 to 1990.


First Line:
Arikara  Indians, are a tribe that once lived in villages along the Missouri River.


First Line:
Ariosto, Ludovico, (1474-1533), was a poet of the Italian Renaissance.


First Line:
Aristarchus, of Samos, was a Greek astronomer who lived from about 310 B.C. to about 230 B.C.


First Line:
Aristide, Jean-Bertrand, (1953-...), became the first democratically elected president of Haiti.


First Line:
Aristides, (530?-468? B.C.), called the "Just," was an Athenian statesman and military leader.


First Line:
Aristocracy, is a high social class that often used to include the government leaders of a state or nation.


First Line:
Aristophanes, (445?-385? B.C.), was the greatest ancient Greek writer of comedy.


First Line:
Aristotle, (384-322 B.C.), a Greek philosopher, educator, and scientist, was one of the greatest and most influential thinkers in Western culture.


First Line:
Arithmetic is the process of calculating by means of symbols called numerals.


First Line:
Arius, (A.D. 256?-336), was a priest of Alexandria, Egypt, who founded an early Christian theological view called Arianism.


First Line:
Arizona, once thought to be an almost worthless desert, has become a prosperous state of the United States.


First Line:
Arizona, University of, is a state-supported coeducational institution in Tucson, Ariz.


First Line:
Arizona State University is a coeducational state-supported university with campuses in Tempe, Phoenix, and Mesa.


First Line:
Ark usually refers to the vessel that sheltered Noah and his family during the Deluge (great flood) described in the Bible (Gen. 6).


First Line:
Ark of the Covenant was a sacred wooden chest described in the Bible as representing God's presence.


First Line:
Arkansas, one of the Southern States of the United States, is a beautiful land of mountains and valleys, thick forests, and fertile plains.


First Line:
Arkansas, University of, is a coeducational land-grant school with campuses in Fayetteville, Little Rock, Monticello, and Pine Bluff, Arkansas.


First Line:
Arkansas  River, is a stream of the south-central United States.


First Line:
Arkhangelsk, (pop. 419,000), is one of the largest far-northern cities in the world.


First Line:
Arkwright, Sir Richard (1732-1792), was a British inventor and manufacturer.


First Line:
Arlington National Cemetery is one of the largest and most famous national cemeteries in the United States.


First Line:
Armadillo, is any of several small American mammals with bony plates in their upper body skin.


First Line:
Armageddon, is a Greek word taken from the Hebrew Har-Megiddo, which probably means Mount Megiddo.


First Line:
Armani, Giorgio (1934-...), is a leading Italian fashion designer.


First Line:
Armature, is the coil of wire in which electric current is produced in an electric generator.


First Line:
Armed Forces Day honors all branches of the armed forces of the United States.


First Line:
Armed Forces Staff College is part of the United States Department of Defense's National Defense University.


First Line:
Armenia is a country in southwestern Asia.


First Line:
Armey, Dick (1940-...), a Republican from Texas, became majority leader of the United States House of Representatives in 1995.


First Line:
Arminius, Jacobus, (1560-1609), was a Dutch theologian.


First Line:
Armor is a covering used primarily for protection in battle.


First Line:
Armour, Philip Danforth (1832-1901), an American businessman, was the principal founder of Armour and Company, one of the world's largest meat-packing firms.


First Line:
Arms control is the limiting, regulating, reducing, or eliminating of a nation's armed forces and weapons.


First Line:
Armstrong, Edwin Howard (1890-1954), an American electrical engineer and inventor, made important contributions to electronics and radio communication.


First Line:
Armstrong, Lance (1971-...), an American cyclist, gained international fame in 1999 when he won the Tour de France, the world's most prestigious bicycle race.


First Line:
Armstrong, Louis (1901-1971), was one of the most famous and influential performers in the history of jazz.


First Line:
Armstrong, Neil Alden (1930-...), a United States astronaut, was the first person to set foot on the moon.


First Line:
Army is the branch of a nation's armed forces that is trained to fight on land.


First Line:
Army, Department of the, is one of the three military departments within the Department of Defense of the United States government.


First Line:
Army, United States, is the branch of the armed services responsible for military land operations.


First Line:
Army War College, in Carlisle Barracks, Penn., is the senior educational institution of the United States Army.


First Line:
Army worm is a caterpillar especially harmful to corn and other grains, and garden crops east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada.


First Line:
Arnica, is the name of about 45 kinds of plants of the Northern Hemisphere that yield a juice used to drive away the blood that collects in bruises.


First Line:
Arno River rises in the Etruscan section of the Apennine Mountains in northwestern Italy.


First Line:
Arnold, Benedict (1741-1801), was an American general of the Revolutionary War period.


First Line:
Arnold, Eddy (1918-...), an American singer, was a leading performer in country music from the mid-1940's through the 1960's.


First Line:
Arnold, Henry Harley (1886-1950), developed the small U.S. Army Air Corps into a large, powerful U.S. Air Force.


First Line:
Arnold, Matthew (1822-1888), was one of the intellectual leaders of Victorian England.


First Line:
Arp, Jean, (1887-1966), was a French sculptor.


First Line:
Arran is an island in North Ayrshire, Scotland.


First Line:
Arrest is the act of taking a person into the custody of the law and depriving the person of liberty.


First Line:
Arrhythmia, is an abnormal heart rhythm.


First Line:
Arrow, Kenneth Joseph (1921-...), an American economist, shared the 1972 Nobel Prize in economics with Sir John Hicks of Great Britain.


First Line:
Arrowhead is the striking end of an arrow.


First Line:
Arrowroot is a plant cultivated in many tropical countries.


First Line:
Arsenic, is a semimetallic chemical element.


First Line:
Arsenical, is one of a group of drugs that contain arsenic and have been used as a medicine.


First Line:
Arson, is the crime of willfully and maliciously damaging or destroying a building or other property by fire or explosion.


First Line:
Art and the arts. In a broad sense, art is skill in making or doing.


First Line:
Art deco was a style of design that became popular during the 1920's and 1930's.


First Line:
Art Institute of Chicago is a museum of art and a cultural and educational center.


First Line:
Art nouveau, was a decorative style of design that flourished from the 1890's until about 1910.


First Line:
Artemis, was a goddess in Greek mythology.


First Line:
Arteriosclerosis, is a disease of the arteries.


First Line:
Artery, is the name of the tubes or blood vessels through which blood is pumped away from the heart to the various parts of the body.


First Line:
Artesian well, is a well that taps ground water which is under pressure.


First Line:
Arthritis, is any of more than 100 diseases of the joints.


First Line:
Arthropod, is any animal that belongs to the major division, or phylum, of the animal kingdom called the Arthropoda.


First Line:
Arthroscopy, is the technique of using an arthroscope to examine a joint of the body.


First Line:
Arthur, Chester Alan (1829-1886), became President after James A. Garfield died from an assassin's bullet.


First Line:
Arthur, King, was a legendary king of medieval Britain.


First Line:
Artichoke is a large, thistlelike plant that produces edible flower buds.


First Line:
Article, in grammar, is the name given to one of three words--a, an, and the.


First Line:
Articles of Confederation was the agreement under which the 13 original states established a federal government in 1781.


First Line:
Articles of War governed the conduct of United States Army personnel until 1951, when the Uniform Code of Military Justice became effective.


First Line:
Artificial eye is worn by a person who has had an eye removed because of disease or injury.


First Line:
Artificial heart is a device designed to replace a natural heart.


First Line:
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that strives to design systems that process information in a manner similar to the way a person thinks.


First Line:
Artificial limb is a synthetic replacement for an arm or leg lost as the result of injury, disease, or a birth defect.


First Line:
Artificial sweetener is a synthetic substance used in food and beverages in place of sugar.


First Line:
Artificial turf is a manufactured product that looks like grass.


First Line:
Artigas, Jose Gervasio, (1764-1850), was a leader in Uruguay's struggle for independence.


First Line:
Artillery, includes mounted guns or rocket launchers that are too large or too heavy to be classed as small arms.


First Line:
Arts, American Federation of (AFA), is a nonprofit service organization that aims to broaden public knowledge and appreciation of historical and contemporary art.


First Line:
Arts and Sciences, American Academy of, is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States.


First Line:
Aruba, is an island in the West Indies that belongs to the Netherlands.


First Line:
Arum, is the name of a large family of plants.


First Line:
Aryans, is a term used both for a group of Asian languages and for certain Asian peoples.


First Line:
Asbestos, is any of a group of soft, threadlike mineral fibers.


First Line:
Asbjornsen, Peter Christen, (1812-1885), was a collector of Norwegian folk tales and a naturalist.


First Line:
Asbury, Francis (1745-1816), was the most important Methodist leader in America during the late 1700's and early 1800's.


First Line:
Ascension, is an island in the South Atlantic about 700 miles (1,100 kilometers) northwest of Saint Helena and 500 miles (800 kilometers) south of the equator.


First Line:
Asceticism, is the practice of self-denial or self-punishment, often for religious purposes.


First Line:
Asch, Sholem, (1880-1957), a Polish-born author, was the first person to achieve international recognition writing in Yiddish.


First Line:
Asclepius, was the god of healing in Greek mythology.


First Line:
Ash is a group of hardwood trees found in North America, Europe, and Asia.


First Line:
Ash is the substance that remains after an organic substance has been burned.


First Line:
Ashanti, are the largest and most powerful ethnic group in the West African country of Ghana.


First Line:
Ashbery, John (1927-...), is an American poet.


First Line:
Ashcan School was a group of American artists of the early 1900's known mainly for their realistic paintings of city life.


First Line:
Ashe, Arthur (1943-1993), a tennis player, became the first African American to win the U.S. men's national singles championship.


First Line:
Asheville (pop. 68,889; met. area 225,965) is the economic and cultural center of 18 counties in western North Carolina.


First Line:
Ashgabat, (pop. 407,000), is the capital of Turkmenistan.


First Line:
Ashoka, (?-232 B.C.), ruled the Mauryan Empire from about 272 B.C. until his death.


First Line:
Ashton, Sir Frederick (1904-1988), was an English choreographer (creator of dances).


First Line:
Ashurbanipal, also spelled Assurbanipal, was the last great king of the Assyrians.


First Line:
Asia is the largest continent in both size and population.


First Line:
Asia Minor is a peninsula of western Asia between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea.


First Line:
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a forum for the discussion of economic cooperation in the Pacific region.


First Line:
Asian Americans are Americans of Asian descent.


First Line:
Asian Development Bank (ADB) lends money to developing countries of Asia to promote their economic growth.


First Line:
Asimov, Isaac (1920-1992), was an American author.


First Line:
Askia Muhammad (1441?-1538), also called Askia I or Askia the Great, ruled the empire of Songhai in western Africa during the height of its power.


First Line:
Asmara, (pop. 358,100), is the capital and largest city of Eritrea.


First Line:
Asp is the name of a cobra found in Egypt.


First Line:
Asparagus is a nutritious green vegetable.


First Line:
Aspen, Colorado (pop. 5,914), once a rich silver-mining center, is now a year-round resort.


First Line:
Aspen is the name of three species of medium-sized poplar trees found in North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa.


First Line:
Asphalt, is a black cementlike substance that is found in most crude petroleum.


First Line:
Asphyxiation, is a condition that occurs when breathing stops.


First Line:
Aspidistra is a widely cultivated house plant.


First Line:
Aspin, Les (1938-1995), was United States secretary of defense under President Bill Clinton in 1993 and 1994.


First Line:
Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world.


First Line:
Asquith, Herbert Henry (1852-1928), served as prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1908 to 1916.


First Line:
Assad, Hafez al- (1930-2000), served as president of Syria from 1971 until his death in 2000.


First Line:
Assassination is the murder of a person who holds a position of public importance.


First Line:
Assault and battery is a legal term that involves a physical threat and act.


First Line:
Assaying, is any process used to determine the amount of one or more metals or valuable minerals contained in substances.


First Line:
Assemblies of God is the largest Pentecostal religious denomination in the world.


First Line:
Assembly line is a group of work areas, called stations, arranged in a certain order to make a product.


First Line:
Assessment is the process of assigning a cash value to property for the purpose of taxation.


First Line:
Assignment is the legal term for the transfer of rights to property or money from one person to another.


First Line:
Assimilation, is the process by which cells convert food into living tissues.


First Line:
Assimilation, is the process through which one social and cultural group becomes part of another social and cultural group.


First Line:
Assiniboia, was the name of two territorial districts in what are now the United States and Canada.


First Line:
Assiniboine  Indians, are a large Plains tribe who live in parts of Canada and the United States.


First Line:
Associated Press (AP) is one of the world's largest news-gathering services and one of two general news services in the United States.


First Line:
Association, in psychology, refers to one theory of how people learn things.


First Line:
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is an organization of 10 Southeast Asian countries--Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.


First Line:
Assumption is the religious belief that a certain person was taken bodily into heaven.


First Line:
Assyria, was an ancient country on the upper Tigris River in Mesopotamia.


First Line:
Astaire, Fred (1899-1987), an American dancer and actor, became a popular star of musical motion pictures.


First Line:
Astarte, is the Greek name for one of the most important goddesses of the ancient Middle East.


First Line:
Astatine, is the heaviest member of the halogen family of chemical elements.


First Line:
Aster is the name of a large group of plants valued for their colorful flowers.


First Line:
Asteroid is any of numerous small planetary bodies that revolve around the sun.


First Line:
Asthma, is a chronic lung disease characterized by periods of breathlessness, wheezing, and coughing.


First Line:
Astigmatism, is a visual defect in which both nearby and distant objects appear blurred.


First Line:
Astor, John Jacob (1763-1848), was a famous American businessman.


First Line:
Astor, Lady (1879-1964), became the first woman to serve in the British Parliament.


First Line:
Astoria, (pop. 9,813), is a historic seaport at the mouth of the Columbia River in the northwest corner of Oregon.


First Line:
Astrolabe, is an instrument used by early astronomers and navigators to measure the angles of celestial bodies above the horizon.


First Line:
Astrology, is the study of how the sun, moon, planets, and stars are supposedly related to life and events on the earth.


First Line:
Astronaut is a person who pilots a spacecraft or works in space, particularly in the space program of the United States.


First Line:
Astronautics is the scientific study of space flight.


First Line:
Astronomy is the study of the universe and the objects in it.


First Line:
Astrophysics is a science that applies principles of physics to many fields of astronomy.


First Line:
Asturias, Miguel Angel, (1899-1974), a Guatemalan author and diplomat, won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1967.


First Line:
Asuncion, (pop. 500,938), is the capital, largest city, and chief port of Paraguay.


First Line:
Aswan, (pop. 220,000), is an important commercial, mining, and resort city in southeastern Egypt.


First Line:
Aswan  High Dam, controls the floodwaters of the Nile River in Egypt.


First Line:
Asylum, in international law, is shelter and protection that is given by a nation to a person who is fleeing another nation.


First Line:
AT&T Corp. is one of the world's largest communications companies. AT&T's business centers on providing voice, data, and video communications services to residential, business, and government customers throughout the world.


First Line:
Atacama  Desert, is a barren, mineral-rich region in northern Chile and the southern tip of Peru.


First Line:
Atahualpa, (1500?-1533), also called Atabalipa, was the last ruler of the Inca Empire in Peru.


First Line:
Ataturk, Kemal, (1881-1938), was the founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey.


First Line:
Ataxia, is a lack of coordination in the muscles.


First Line:
Atchison, David Rice (1807-1886), was a United States senator from Missouri.


First Line:
Athabasca River, is one of the most important rivers in western Canada.


First Line:
Athanasius, Saint (295?-373), was the leading Christian churchman of his time.


First Line:
Atheism, is the belief that there is no God.


First Line:
Athena, in Greek mythology, was the goddess of warfare, wisdom, and arts and crafts.


First Line:
Athens, (pop. 748,110; met. area pop. 3,096,775), is one of the world's most famous and historic cities.


First Line:
Athlete's foot is an infectious skin disease that involves itching and scaling between the toes and on the soles of the feet.


First Line:
Athletics means sports in the United States (see Sports).


First Line:
Athlone, Earl of (1874-1957), a member of the British royal family and a military officer, served as governor general of Canada from 1940 to 1946.


First Line:
Atlanta is the capital and largest city of Georgia.


First Line:
Atlantic Charter expressed the post-World War II aims of the United States and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.


First Line:
Atlantic City, New Jersey (pop. 40,517), is one of the largest seaside resorts in the world.


First Line:
Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway is a sheltered water route used by boats along the Atlantic Coast of the United States.


First Line:
Atlantic Ocean is the world's second largest ocean.


First Line:
Atlantic Provinces are the four Canadian provinces of New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island.


First Line:
Atlantic States are states of the United States that lie south of New England and which border on the Atlantic Ocean or are closely tied to it economically.


First Line:
Atlantis was a legendary continent that many people believe sank into the Atlantic Ocean thousands of years ago.


First Line:
Atlas is a collection of maps usually displayed in a printed book or viewed on a computer.


First Line:
Atlas, in Greek mythology, was one of a group of gods called Titans.


First Line:
Atlas Mountains extend for 1,500 miles (2,410 kilometers) across northwestern Africa.


First Line:
Atmosphere is a measure of atmospheric pressure.


First Line:
Atmosphere is the mass of gases that surrounds a planet or other heavenly body.


First Line:
Atoll, is a circular ring of coral in the open sea, built up on a sunken bank, or formed on the crater of a volcano that has sunk below the surface of the sea.


First Line:
Atom is one of the basic units of matter.


First Line:
Atomic clock is a device for measuring time intervals by measuring the frequency of electromagnetic waves given off or absorbed by atoms or molecules.


First Line:
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) was a United States government agency that directed the development and use of atomic energy.


First Line:
Atomism, is a philosophical view that developed in Greece during the 400's B.C.


First Line:
Atrium, was the central room of early Roman houses.


First Line:
Atrophy, is the normal or abnormal shrinking of any part of the body.


First Line:
Atropine, is a drug derived from several plants in the nightshade family, especially from a bushy plant called belladonna or deadly nightshade.


First Line:
Attache, is an officer attached to a diplomatic office.


First Line:
Attachment is the legal term for a court order to seize a person or a person's property.


First Line:
Attainder, is a legal term for the loss of civil rights by an outlawed person or a person sentenced to death.


First Line:
Attar, is a sweet-smelling oil obtained from rose petals.


First Line:
Attention deficit disorder is a behavior problem in which people have unusual difficulty paying attention, sitting still, or controlling their impulses.


First Line:
Attila, (?-A.D. 453), was a king who united the Huns, a Mongoloid people that began to invade the Roman Empire during the late A.D. 300's.


First Line:
Attlee, Clement Richard (1883-1967), was the leader of the British Labour Party from 1935 to 1955.


First Line:
Attorney general is the chief law officer in the governments of English-speaking countries.


First Line:
Attucks, Crispus (1723?-1770), was a leader of the patriot crowd that British troops fired upon in the so-called "Boston Massacre" of 1770.


First Line:
Atwood, Margaret (1939-...) is a Canadian poet, novelist, and critic.


First Line:
Auburn University is a coeducational state university with campuses in Auburn and Montgomery, Ala.


First Line:
Auchincloss, Louis (1917-...), is an American author.


First Line:
Auckland, pop. 345,768; met. area pop. 1,109,100), is New Zealand's largest city and chief port.


First Line:
Auction is a type of sale in which an item is sold to the person who bids, or offers, the most money for it.


First Line:
Auden, W. H. (1907-1973), an English-born poet, is best known for the remarkable variety of his works. He wrote ballads, blues, limericks, sonnets, nonsense verse, oratorios, free verse, librettos (words) for operas, and dramas.


First Line:
Audiology, is a profession devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of hearing problems.


First Line:
Audio-visual materials, also known as instructional media, are educational devices that work through sight, sound, or both.


First Line:
Audit is a systematic and official examination and check of business activities.


First Line:
Audubon, John James (1785-1851), was one of the first to study and paint the birds of North America.


First Line:
Audubon  Society, National is one of the oldest and largest national conservation organizations in the world.


First Line:
Auer, Leopold (1845-1930), a Hungarian violinist, became one of the most famous violin teachers of his time.


First Line:
Auerbach, Red (1917-...), was one of the greatest coaches in the history of the National Basketball Association (NBA).


First Line:
Augsburg, (pop. 250,197), is a commercial and industrial city in southern Germany.


First Line:
Augsburg  Confession, was a short summary of the religious teachings of Martin Luther.


First Line:
Augur, was the title given to priests in ancient Rome who interpreted signs, such as thunder and lightning, the flight and cries of birds, and the movement of serpents and mice.


First Line:
August is the eighth month of the year according to the Gregorian calendar, which is used in almost all the world today.


First Line:
Augusta, Georgia (pop. 199,775; met. area pop. 477,441), lies on the state's eastern boundary, about 125 miles (201 kilometers) from the mouth of the Savannah River.


First Line:
Augusta, (pop. 18,560), is the capital of Maine.


First Line:
Augustine, Saint (354-430), was one of the greatest leaders of the early Christian church.


First Line:
Augustine of Canterbury, Saint (?-604), was the apostle to the English nation and the first archbishop of Canterbury.


First Line:
Augustus, (63 B.C.-A.D. 14), meaning the exalted, was the name given Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (Octavian) when he became the first Roman emperor in 27 B.C.


First Line:
Auk, is the name of a family of sea birds that includes dovekies, guillemots, murres, and puffins.


First Line:
Auld Lang Syne, is the title of a traditional song of friendship in the English-speaking world.


First Line:
Aung San Suu Kyi, (1945-...), leads the opposition to the military dictatorship that rules Myanmar, formerly called Burma.


First Line:
Aurangzeb, (1618-1707), was an emperor who ruled what is now India and Pakistan from 1658 until his death.


First Line:
Aurelian, (A.D. 215?-275), was a Roman emperor.


First Line:
Auriga, also called the Wagoner or Charioteer, is a constellation between the constellations Perseus and Gemini.


First Line:
Aurochs, also called urus, is the name of a kind of extinct wild ox.


First Line:
Aurora, was the Roman name for Eos, the Greek goddess of the dawn.


First Line:
Aurora is a natural display of light in the sky that can be seen with the unaided eye only at night.


First Line:
Auschwitz, was a forced-labor and extermination center run by the German Nazis during World War II (1939-1945).


First Line:
Austen, Jane (1775-1817), one of the best-loved English novelists, wrote with a keen sense of irony about the social institutions of her time.


First Line:
Austerlitz, Battle of, was a major battle of the Napoleonic Wars.


First Line:
Austin (pop. 656,562; met. area pop. 1,249,763) is the capital of Texas and its educational center.


First Line:
Austin, Stephen Fuller (1793-1836), was an American colonizer and pioneer.


First Line:
Australasia, refers to Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, and other nearby islands.


First Line:
Australia is the only country that is also a continent.


First Line:
Australian cattle dog is a breed of dog that originated in Australia during the 1800's.


First Line:
Australian Desert refers to three deserts that cover most of western and central Australia.


First Line:
Australian shepherd is a medium-sized dog that was originally bred for herding livestock.


First Line:
Australian terrier is a small dog once used to guard mines and tend sheep in Australia.


First Line:
Australopithecus, , is a group of species that most anthropologists regard as one of the earliest humanlike creatures.


First Line:
Austria is a small country in central Europe famous for its beautiful mountain scenery.


First Line:
Austria-Hungary, also called the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and the Dual Monarchy, was a country in central Europe from 1867 until 1918.


First Line:
Authoritarianism, is any form of government in which relatively few people run the country, and the rest of the population takes little part in decision making.


First Line:
Autism, is a serious medical disorder that appears in young children and persists throughout life.


First Line:
Autobiography is a type of biography in which the author tells the story of his or her own life.


First Line:
Autocracy, is a form of government in which one person holds supreme power.


First Line:
Autogiro, is a type of heavier-than-air craft that is supported in the air by a rotor instead of by fixed wings, as an airplane is.


First Line:
Automated teller machine (ATM) is a computer terminal that functions as a miniature financial institution.


First Line:
Automatic pilot, also called gyropilot, is a device that automatically steers ships or aircraft.


First Line:
Automation is the use of machines to perform tasks that require decision making.


First Line:
Automobile is the most important means of personal transportation for many millions of people around the globe.


First Line:
Automobile, Model, is a small-scale copy of a car.


First Line:
Automobile Association, American (AAA), is the world's largest travel organization.


First Line:
Automobile racing is a thrilling sport that tests the speed and performance of automobiles and the skill and daring of drivers.


First Line:
Autopsy, is an external and internal examination of the dead.


First Line:
Autry, Gene (1907-1998), became famous for his roles as a singing cowboy in Western films from the 1930's through the early 1950's.


First Line:
Autumn is the season between summer and winter.


First Line:
Auxin, is the name of a group of hormones that help control plant growth.


First Line:
Avalanche is a mass of snow that slides down a mountain slope.


First Line:
Avant-garde, is a term commonly used to describe people in any field who break with tradition and conventional standards in their work.


First Line:
Average is a number that is typical of a group of numbers.


First Line:
Averroes, (1126-1198), was an Arabian philosopher.


First Line:
Aviation is a term that includes all the activities involved in building and flying aircraft, especially airplanes.


First Line:
Avicenna, (980-1037), also known as Ibn-Sina pronounced IHB uhn SEE nah, was a Muslim physician, philosopher, astronomer, and poet.


First Line:
Avignon, (pop. 89,440; met. area pop. 181,136), is an agricultural center and a historic city in southeastern France.


First Line:
Avila Camacho, Manuel, (1897-1955), a Mexican soldier, diplomat, and political leader, served as president of Mexico from 1940 to 1946.


First Line:
Avocado is a fruit that grows in tropical and subtropical climates.


First Line:
Avocet, is a type of long-legged wading bird.


First Line:
Avogadro, Amedeo, (1776-1856), was an Italian physicist.


First Line:
Avoirdupois, is a system of weights used for common commodities such as coal, grain, and foodstuffs.


First Line:
Avon, River, is a river in central England made famous by William Shakespeare, who lived in Stratford-upon-Avon.


First Line:
Ax, also spelled axe, is a cutting tool made up of an edged head attached to a handle.


First Line:
Axiom, is a mathematical statement that is assumed to be true.


First Line:
Axis refers to alliances formed among Germany, Italy, and Japan beginning in 1936 and continuing in their cooperation during World War II.


First Line:
Axon is one of the three basic parts of a nerve cell or neuron, see Nervous system.


First Line:
Ayckbourn, Alan (1939-...), is a British playwright known for dark comedies about middle-class life.


First Line:
Aycock, Charles Brantley (1859-1912), was a leader in developing public school education in the South.


First Line:
Aye-aye, is a rare animal of Madagascar that belongs to the group called lemurs.


First Line:
Ayllon, Lucas Vasquez de (1480?-1526), a Spanish colonizer, founded the first European settlement in what is now the United States.


First Line:
Azalea, is the name of a group of flowering shrubs.


First Line:
Azerbaijan, is a country in the Caucasus Mountain region on the western shore of the Caspian Sea.


First Line:
Azimuth, is a measure along the horizon of the angle between an object and a reference point.


First Line:
Azores are a group of nine islands that belong to Portugal.


First Line:
Azov, Sea of, is a large, shallow inland sea bounded by Ukraine and Russia.


First Line:
Aztec were an American Indian people who ruled a mighty empire in Mexico during the 1400's and early 1500's.


First Line:
Aztec Ruins National Monument lies in northwestern New Mexico.


First Line:
Azurite, is a blue mineral that contains copper.


First Line:
Baal, was a chief god of the Canaanites in Biblical times.


First Line:
Ba'al Shem Tov, (1700?-1760), a Jewish teacher, was the leading founder of the religious movement called Hasidism.


First Line:
Babbage, Charles (1791-1871), was an English mathematician known for his designs of two mechanical computing machines.


First Line:
Babbitt metals are special kinds of alloys used to line the bearings of cranks, axles, and similar moving parts.


First Line:
Babbler is the name of a large, varied group of birds found mainly in the forests of Africa, southern Asia, and Australia.


First Line:
Babi Yar, was a ravine near Kiev in the Soviet Union and the site of one of the largest massacres in history.


First Line:
Babirusa, is a wild hog found in Indonesia.


First Line:
Babur, also spelled Babar (1483-1530), was a Turkish prince who founded the Mughal Empire in India.


First Line:
Baby, also called infant, is a child up to about 18 months of age.


First Line:
Baby boom generation is the large group of people born in the United States from 1946 to 1964.


First Line:
Babylon, was a great city of the ancient world.


First Line:
Babylonia was an ancient region around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is now southeastern Iraq.


First Line:
Baby's-breath, also spelled babies'-breath, is a garden plant grown for its many tiny white flowers.


First Line:
Baca, Elfego, (1865-1945), was a Mexican American folk hero.


First Line:
Bacchus, was the god of wine in Roman mythology.


First Line:
Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel (1714-1788), was a German composer.


First Line:
Bach, Johann Christian (1735-1782), a German composer, was the youngest son of the famous composer Johann Sebastian Bach.


First Line:
Bach, Johann Sebastian (1685-1750), a German composer, is considered the greatest genius of baroque music.


First Line:
Bachelor's-button is a plant that bears small flowers shaped like buttons.


First Line:
Back is the part of the body that extends from the neck to the buttocks (rump).


First Line:
Backache is a pain that originates in the area of the spine.


First Line:
Backgammon, is a game for two people played with a rectangular board and dice.


First Line:
Bacon is a kind of meat that is obtained from the sides or bellies of hogs.


First Line:
Bacon, Francis (1561-1626), was an English philosopher, essayist, jurist, and statesman.


First Line:
Bacon, Francis (1909-1992), was an important British artist.


First Line:
Bacon, Nathaniel (1647-1676), was a leader of Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia.


First Line:
Bacon, Roger (1214?-1292?), was an English philosopher and scientist.


First Line:
Bacon's Rebellion was a revolt of Virginia colonists against the colony's English government in 1676.


First Line:
Bacteria are simple organisms that consist of one cell.


First Line:
Bacteriology, is the study of single-celled organisms called bacteria.


First Line:
Baden-Baden, (pop. 48,684), is a world-famous health resort town in the northwest corner of the Black Forest in Germany.


First Line:
Baden-Powell, Lord (1857-1941), founded the Boy Scout movement.


First Line:
Badger is a digging member of the weasel family, which also includes martens, minks, otters, skunks, and wolverines.


First Line:
Badlands are regions of small, steep hills and deep gullies formed primarily by water erosion.


First Line:
Badlands National Park is located in southwestern South Dakota.


First Line:
Badminton is a game in which opposing players use rackets to hit a shuttle, also called a shuttlecock, back and forth over a net.


First Line:
Baekeland, Leo Hendrik (1863-1944), a Belgian-born American chemist, improved methods of developing photographic print paper.


First Line:
Baez, Joan (1941-...), is an American singer.


First Line:
Baffin, William (1584?-1622), was an English navigator and explorer.


First Line:
Baffin Island lies north of the Canadian mainland.


First Line:
Baghdad, (pop. 5,908,000), is the capital of Iraq and one of the largest cities of the Middle East.


First Line:
Bagpipe is a wind instrument that consists of a leather bag fitted with one or more pipes.


First Line:
Baguio City, (pop. 252,386), is a mountain resort city in the Philippines.


First Line:
Baha'is, are members of the Baha'i Faith.


First Line:
Baha'u'llah, (1817-1892), was the founder of the Baha'i Faith.


First Line:
Bahamas, are a chain of about 3,000 coral islands and reefs that make up an independent nation in the West Indies.


First Line:
Bahrain, is an island country in the Persian Gulf in southwest Asia.


First Line:
Bail is security deposited with a court to obtain the release of an arrested person by ensuring that the person will reappear to stand trial.


First Line:
Bailey, Liberty Hyde (1858-1954), an American botanist and horticulturist, was responsible more than any other person for the development of agricultural education in the United States.


First Line:
Baily's beads are the brilliant points of light seen just as the sun's surface disappears behind the moon during an eclipse (see Eclipse).


First Line:
Baird, John Logie (1888-1946), a Scottish engineer, gave the first public demonstration of a television technology that used mechanical devices in the camera and receiver.


First Line:
Baker, Howard Henry, Jr. (1925-...), a Republican from Tennessee, served as majority leader of the United States Senate from 1981 to 1985. He was a member of the Senate from 1967 to 1985.


First Line:
Baker, James Addison, III (1930-...), served as United States secretary of state under President George H. W. Bush from 1989 to 1992.


First Line:
Baker, Josephine (1906-1975), was an internationally famous African American entertainer.


First Line:
Baker, Sir Samuel White (1821-1893), was an English explorer of Africa.


First Line:
Baker v. Carr was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States concerning apportionment (distribution of seats) in state legislatures.


First Line:
Baking powder is a fine white powder used to make cakes and biscuits leaven (rise).


First Line:
Bakke case, was an important civil rights case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States.


First Line:
Baku, (pop. 1,084,000; met. area pop. 1,661,000), is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan.


First Line:
Balaklava, Battle of, was fought near the town of Balaklava in the Crimea, on Oct. 25, 1854, during the Crimean War.


First Line:
Balalaika, is a stringed musical instrument with a triangular body and a long neck with frets (ridges).


First Line:
Balance is a device that weighs substances.


First Line:
Balance of nature. Plants, animals, and other organisms that live together in the same area-such as a forest or a pond-form a community.


First Line:
Balance of payments is a record of the value of all economic transactions that one nation has with other nations during a certain period.


First Line:
Balance of power is a system of maintaining peace through an even distribution of military and economic power among nations or groups of nations.


First Line:
Balanchine, George (1904-1983), was one of the most important ballet choreographers (dance creators) of the 1900's.


First Line:
Balboa, Vasco Nunez de, (1475?-1519), a Spanish conqueror and explorer, was the first European to see the eastern shore of the Pacific Ocean.


First Line:
Balch, Emily Greene (1867-1961), an American economist and pacifist, was one of the winners of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1946.


First Line:
Balchen, Bernt, (1899-1973), was a Norwegian-American aviation pioneer.


First Line:
Baldcypress, is a cone-bearing tree with pale-green, feathery leaves.


First Line:
Balder was the god of beauty, goodness, and light in Norse mythology.


First Line:
Baldness is the partial or total absence of hair on the scalp.


First Line:
Baldwin, Abraham (1754-1807), was a Georgia signer of the Constitution of the United States.


First Line:
Baldwin, James (1924-1987), was a black American novelist, essayist, and playwright.


First Line:
Baldwin, Matthias William (1795-1866), was an American inventor and philanthropist.


First Line:
Baldwin, Robert (1804-1858), served twice as joint premier of the Province of Canada.


First Line:
Baldwin, Stanley (1867-1947), served as prime minister of Britain three times.


First Line:
Balearic Islands, is a group of five major islands and numerous smaller ones that lie east of the mainland of Spain in the Mediterranean Sea.


First Line:
Balfour, Arthur James (1848-1930), Earl of Balfour, served as British prime minister from 1902 to 1905, and was a leader of the Conservative Party for over 20 years.


First Line:
Balfour Declaration was a British government document that dealt with the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.


First Line:
Balkans are a group of countries that cover a peninsula in the southeast corner of Europe.


First Line:
Ball, Lucille (1911-1989), was one of the most popular comediennes in the history of American television.


First Line:
Ballad is a song that tells a dramatic story in verse.


First Line:
Ballade, is an elaborate, carefully patterned verse form.


First Line:
Balladur, Edouard (1929-...), served as prime minister of France from 1993 to 1997.


First Line:
Ballard, Robert Duane (1942-...), is an American oceanographer who has advanced underwater exploration.


First Line:
Ballet is a form of theatrical dance that uses formal, set movements and poses characterized by elegance and grace.


First Line:
Ballistics, is a branch of engineering that deals with the motion and behavior of projectiles, such as bullets, rockets, bombs, and guided missiles.


First Line:
Balloon is a bag filled with heated air or a light gas so that it rises and floats in the air.


First Line:
Ballot is the means by which voters indicate their choices in an election.


First Line:
Ballroom dancing is a popular form of social dancing that has also become a competitive sport.


First Line:
Balm, also called lemon balm, is a tall herb of the mint family with a lemony fragrance.


First Line:
Balsa, is the lightest wood in commercial use.


First Line:
Balsam fir is the name given to a number of evergreen trees in the pine family.


First Line:
Balthus (1908-2001) was a French painter known for his eerie and provocative works.


First Line:
Baltic Sea is an arm of the North Atlantic Ocean that extends into northern Europe.


First Line:
Baltic States consist of the independent nations of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.


First Line:
Baltimore is the largest city in Maryland and one of the principal port cities of the United States.


First Line:
Baltimore, Lord, was the title of six members of the Calvert family.


First Line:
Baltimore oriole is a songbird that lives in North and South America.


First Line:
Balzac, Honore de, (1799-1850), a French writer, was one of the most important novelists of the 1800's.


First Line:
Bamako, (pop. 658,275), is the capital of Mali.


First Line:
Bamboo is a giant grass noted for the usefulness of its hollow, woody stem.


First Line:
Banana is a nourishing fruit that grows in the tropics and is popular throughout the world.


First Line:
Bancroft, George (1800-1891), was an American historian and diplomat.


First Line:
Band is a group of musicians who play mainly brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments.


First Line:
Banda, Hastings Kamuzu, (1898-1997), was the leader of Malawi from 1963 to 1993.


First Line:
Bandage is any material used to wrap or cover a wound or injured body part.


First Line:
Bandaranaike, Sirimavo, (1916-2000), was prime minister of Sri Lanka from 1994 to 2000.


First Line:
Bandicoot, is a small mammal of Australia and New Guinea.


First Line:
Bandit is a robber who is usually one of a group of outlaws.


First Line:
Bandung, (pop. 1,401,108), a city on the island of Java, is one of the largest cities in Indonesia.


First Line:
Banff, Alberta (pop. 6,098), one of the most famous resort towns in Canada, is noted for its natural beauty.


First Line:
Banff  National Park, established in 1885 as Hot Springs Reservation, is the oldest national park in Canada.


First Line:
Bangalore, (pop. 3,302,296; met. area pop. 4,130,288), is the capital and largest city of Karnataka, a state in southern India.


First Line:
Bangkok, (pop. 5,876,000), is the capital and largest city of Thailand.


First Line:
Bangladesh, is a South Asian nation that once formed part of Pakistan.


First Line:
Bangor, (pop. 31,473; met. area pop. 90,864), is the gateway to the hunting and fishing country of northern and eastern Maine.


First Line:
Bangui, (pop. 473,817), is the capital and largest city of the Central African Republic.


First Line:
Banjarmasin, also spelled Bandjarmasin (pop. 436,212), is the capital of South Kalimantan province in Indonesia.


First Line:
Banjo is a stringed musical instrument that has a round metal or wooden body and a long fretted (ridged) neck.


First Line:
Banjul, (pop. 44,188), is the capital and the largest city of Gambia.


First Line:
Bank is a financial firm that accepts people's deposits and uses them to make loans and investments.


First Line:
Bank for International Settlements (BIS) promotes cooperation among central banks and other financial institutions.


First Line:
Bank holiday was the period in 1933 during which President Franklin D. Roosevelt closed all banks in the United States.


First Line:
Bank of America is one of the largest commercial banks in the United States.


First Line:
Bank of Canada is Canada's central bank.


First Line:
Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom.


First Line:
Bank of the United States.was the name of two national banks established by the U.S. government. The first was chartered in 1791 and the second in 1816.


First Line:
Bankhead, Tallulah, (1903-1968), was an American stage and motion-picture actress.


First Line:
Bankruptcy is the state of being legally unable to pay debts.


First Line:
Banneker, Benjamin (1731-1806), was probably the best-known black person in early United States history.


First Line:
Bannister, Sir Roger (1929-...), a British athlete, became the first man to run a mile in less than four minutes.


First Line:
Bannock Indians are a tribe that once hunted throughout the northern Rocky Mountains.


First Line:
Bannockburn, Battle of, was one of the most important battles in the history of Scotland.


First Line:
Banshee was an old woman in Irish legend.


First Line:
Bantam is any one of a number of miniature fowl--especially chickens.


First Line:
Banting, Sir Frederick Grant (1891-1941), a Canadian surgeon, was the principal discoverer of insulin.


First Line:
Bantu, are a large group of African black peoples.


First Line:
Banuelos, Romana Acosta, (1925-...), served as treasurer of the United States from 1971 to 1974 under President Richard M. Nixon.


First Line:
Banyan tree, is a kind of fig tree that grows in India and adjacent countries.


First Line:
Baobab, is the name of a group of trees that grow in tropical and subtropical regions of the Eastern Hemisphere, especially in Madagascar.


First Line:
Baptism is a symbolic washing with water as a religious practice.


First Line:
Baptists are members of a large Protestant religious group who reserve baptism for adult or mature persons who affirm their faith in Jesus Christ as their savior.


First Line:
Bar, in law, is the general name for the whole legal profession.


First Line:
Bar coding is a method of labeling retail products and other items.


First Line:
Bar mitzvah, is the entry of a Jewish boy into the adult Jewish community.


First Line:
Barabbas, was a man mentioned briefly in all four Gospels.


First Line:
Barak, Ehud, (1942-...), a Labor Party politician, served as prime minister of Israel from 1999 to 2001.


First Line:
Baraka, Amiri, (1934-...), is an African American author who gained fame for his powerful plays about race relations in the United States.


First Line:
Barbados, is an island country in the West Indies.


First Line:
Barbarian is a word used to describe an uncivilized or uncultivated person.


First Line:
Barbarossa (1466?-1546) was a Barbary corsair (sea raider).


First Line:
Barbary ape is the only wild monkey found in Europe.


First Line:
Barbary States once lay along the coast of North Africa.


First Line:
Barbecue is a term that originally referred to the roasting of a whole hog, ox, or other large animal on a crude gridiron of stakes.


First Line:
Barbed wire is steel wire with thornlike barbs at frequent intervals.


First Line:
Barber is a person who cuts or dresses the hair, and shaves or trims the beard, of other people.


First Line:
Barber, Samuel (1910-1981), was an American composer.


First Line:
Barberry is the name of about 500 species of low, usually spiny shrubs with yellow wood.


First Line:
Barbershop quartet singing is an American style of harmony using four voices.


First Line:
Barbirolli, Sir John (1899-1970), was a British symphony and opera conductor.


First Line:
Barbiturate, is any of a group of drugs used to calm people or make them sleep.


First Line:
Barbizon  School, was the name of a group of French painters who settled in the village of Barbizon during the 1830's and 1840's.


First Line:
Barcarole, also spelled barcarolle, is a musical term for the songs originally sung by gondoliers in Venice.


First Line:
Barcelona, (pop. 1,625,542), is the most important manufacturing and trading city in Spain.


First Line:
Bardeen, John (1908-1991), an American physicist, became the first person to win a Nobel Prize twice in the same field.


First Line:
Barenboim, Daniel (1942-...), is an Israeli conductor and pianist.


First Line:
Barents, Willem, (?-1597), was a Dutch navigator.


First Line:
Barents  Sea, lies north of Norway and the European part of Russia.


First Line:
Barge is a sturdy, flat-bottomed boat used to carry bulk cargo, such as cement, coal, logs, oil, sand, and sugar.


First Line:
Bari, (pop. 342,309), is a busy seaport on the southern Adriatic coast of Italy.


First Line:
Baritone, also spelled barytone, is a male voice ranging between the tenor (higher) voice and the bass (lower) voice.


First Line:
Barium, is a soft, heavy, silver-colored metal element.


First Line:
Bark is the outer covering of most kinds of trees and shrubs.


First Line:
Bark painting is an art for which the Australian Aborigines are world famous.


First Line:
Barkley, Alben William (1877-1956), served as Vice President of the United States from 1949 to 1953 under President Harry S. Truman.


First Line:
Barkley, Charles (1963-...), became one of the leading scorers and rebounders in the National Basketball Association (NBA).


First Line:
Barlach, Ernst Heinrich (1870-1938), was a German sculptor.


First Line:
Barn is a farm building that provides storage for crops, such as hay, grain, and vegetables, and shelter for animals and machinery.


First Line:
Barnabas, was a Christian missionary during New Testament times.


First Line:
Barnacle, is the only crustacean that stays in one position during its adult life.


First Line:
Barnard, Christiaan Neethling (1922-2001), a South African surgeon, performed the first human heart transplant in history.


First Line:
Barnard, Edward Emerson (1857-1923), an American astronomer, became famous for his skill as an observer.


First Line:
Barnard, Frederick Augustus Porter (1809-1889), was the American educator for whom Barnard College was named.


First Line:
Barnburners were members of a group in the Democratic Party of the state of New York during the 1840's.


First Line:
Barnum, P. T. (1810-1891), was the most famous showman of his time. He presented such popular attractions as General Tom Thumb, a midget; Jenny Lind, a famous Swedish singer; and Jumbo, a giant elephant.


First Line:
Barometer is an instrument that measures the pressure of the atmosphere.


First Line:
Baron, is the title held by noblemen in the lowest rank in the British peerage.


First Line:
Baroque, is a term applied to many forms of art created in western Europe and Latin America.


First Line:
Barossa Valley, is one of Australia's main wine-producing areas.


First Line:
Barquisimeto, (pop. 602,622; met. area pop. 745,444), is one of Venezuela's largest cities.


First Line:
Barracuda, is the name of a family of marine fish with long, slender bodies and forked tail fins.


First Line:
Barrault, Jean-Louis, (1910-1994), was a French actor and director.


First Line:
Barrel is a large, cylinder-shaped container made of wood or metal.


First Line:
Barrios, Justo Rufino, (1835-1885), transformed Guatemala into a progressive nation.


First Line:
Barron, James (1769-1851), a commodore in the United States Navy, became prominent during the critical period before the War of 1812.


First Line:
Barry, John (1745-1803), was an American naval officer in the Revolutionary War (1775-1783).


First Line:
Barry, Philip (1896-1949), was an American dramatist.


First Line:
Barrymore is the family name of several noted American actors and actresses.


First Line:
Barter is the direct exchange of goods or services without the use of money.


First Line:
Barth, John (1930-...), is one of the most experimental novelists in modern American literature.


First Line:
Barth, Karl (1886-1968), was one of the best-known Protestant theologians of the 1900's.


First Line:
Bartholdi, Frederic Auguste, (1834-1904), was a French sculptor.


First Line:
Bartholomew, Saint, was one of the 12 apostles of Jesus Christ.


First Line:
Bartlett, Edward Lewis (1904-1968), became one of the first United States senators from Alaska in 1959, the year Alaska became a state.


First Line:
Bartlett, John (1820-1905), an American publisher, became known chiefly for the book Familiar Quotations, which is still published under his name.


First Line:
Bartlett, Josiah (1729-1795), was a New Hampshire signer of the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and of the Articles of Confederation (the forerunner of the United States Constitution) in 1781.


First Line:
Bartlett, Robert Abram (1875-1946), an Arctic explorer, was famous for his skill in piloting ships through ice.


First Line:
Bartok, Bela, (1881-1945), a Hungarian composer, was one of the most significant composers of the early 1900's.


First Line:
Barton, Clara (1821-1912), was the founder of the American Red Cross.


First Line:
Baruch, Bernard Mannes, (1870-1965), an American financier and statesman, served as an unpaid adviser to every President from Woodrow Wilson to Dwight D. Eisenhower.


First Line:
Barye, Antoine Louis, (1796-1875), was a French sculptor and painter famous for his bronze statues of animals.


First Line:
Baryon, is a unit of matter smaller than an atom composed of three still smaller particles called quarks.


First Line:
Baryshnikov, Mikhail (1948-...), is one of the world's leading ballet dancers.


First Line:
Barzun, Jacques, (1907-...), is an American educator and historian who has written widely on culture, education, and the history of ideas.


First Line:
Base, in chemistry, commonly refers to any substance that can react with an acid to decrease or neutralize its acidic properties.


First Line:
Baseball is a sport that is so popular in the United States that it is often called the national pastime.


First Line:
Basel, (pop. 178,428; met. area pop. 406,391), is a major inland port and transportation center in Switzerland.


First Line:
Basenji, is a breed of dogs first found in central Africa.


First Line:
Basie, Count (1904-1984), was a pianist and bandleader who rose to fame in the late 1930's as a key figure in the "swing" era of jazz.


First Line:
Basil, is an annual herb used for seasoning food.


First Line:
Basil, Saint (330?-379), was a leader in the early Christian church in the East.


First Line:
Basilica, was the chief type of church design during the early Middle Ages.


First Line:
Basin is a region drained by a river and its tributaries.


First Line:
Baskerville, John (1706-1775), was an English type founder and printer.


First Line:
Basket making, or basketry, is a popular handicraft.


First Line:
Basketball is a fast, exciting, and entertaining sport played between two teams, each consisting of five players.


First Line:
Baskin, Leonard (1922-2000), was an American printmaker and sculptor.


First Line:
Basov, Nikolai Gennadievich, (1922-2001), was a noted Russian physicist.


First Line:
Basques, are a group of people who live in the Pyrenees Mountains, on both sides of the border between France and Spain.


First Line:
Bass, is a type of game fish known for its fighting ability when hooked.


First Line:
Bass, a stringed musical instrument, is the largest and lowest-pitched member of the violin family.


First Line:
Bass, Sam (1851-1878), was a Texas outlaw.


First Line:
Basse-Terre, (pop. 13,656), is the capital of the French overseas department (administrative district) of Guadeloupe in the Antilles.


First Line:
Basset hound is a heavily built, low, long-bodied dog bred to hunt rabbit and other small game.


First Line:
Bassett, Richard (1745-1815), a lawyer and statesman from Delaware, was a signer of the Constitution of the United States.


First Line:
Bassoon is an instrument that serves as the bass voice of the woodwind section of many orchestras and bands.


First Line:
Bast is the general name for strong fibers obtained from the stalk or stem of certain plants.


First Line:
Bastille, was a great fortress in Paris that stood as a symbol of royal tyranny.


First Line:
Bastille Day, is the great national holiday of France, corresponding to Independence Day.


First Line:
Bat mitzvah, is a religious observance in Judaism that celebrates a girl's entry into the adult Jewish community.


First Line:
Bataan Peninsula juts into Manila Bay from the southwestern coast of Luzon, largest of the Philippine Islands.


First Line:
Batavia was one of a fleet of Dutch ships that sailed from Amsterdam, in the Netherlands, for Java, Indonesia, in October 1628.


First Line:
Bates, Henry Walter (1825-1892), was a British naturalist who became known for his studies on mimicry in insect behavior.


First Line:
Bates, Katharine Lee (1859-1929), an American poet and educator, wrote the words to the popular patriotic song "America the Beautiful."


First Line:
Bath is a health resort city in England.


First Line:
Bath, Order of the, is the third highest and one of the oldest orders of knighthood in Britain.


First Line:
Bathsheba, was the beautiful wife of David, King of Israel.


First Line:
Bathyscaph, is a diving craft used for deep-sea observation.


First Line:
Batik, is a method of applying colored designs to fabric.


First Line:
Batista y Zaldivar, Fulgencio, (1901-1973), served as president of Cuba from 1940 to 1944.


First Line:
Baton Rouge, (pop. 227,818; met. area pop. 602,894), is the capital of Louisiana and a chief port of the United States.


First Line:
Baton twirling is a sport and recreational activity in which individuals twirl a thin metal rod called a baton.


First Line:
Battelle Memorial Institute is one of the world's largest private research and development organizations.


First Line:
Battenberg, is the name of a royal family from Hesse, in west-central Germany, which has played a part in English and Bulgarian history.


First Line:
Battering ram was a heavy wooden beam that served as a war machine from ancient times through the Middle Ages.


First Line:
Battery is a device that converts chemical energy directly into electrical energy.


First Line:
Battle Creek (pop. 53,364), a city in south-central Michigan, is a health center and the world's leading producer of breakfast cereal.


First Line:
Battle Hymn of the Republic is an American patriotic song that was a popular Union rallying song during the Civil War (1861-1865).


First Line:
Battleground National Cemetery contains the graves of 41 U.S. Army soldiers who died defending Washington, D.C., in 1864, during the Civil War.


First Line:
Battleship is a huge warship that has larger and more powerful guns and heavier armor than any other combat ship.


First Line:
Baudelaire, Charles, (1821-1867), was the most influential French poet of the 1800's.


First Line:
Baudin, Nicolas (1750?-1803), was a French navigator who explored the southern coast of the Australian mainland during 1801 and 1802.


First Line:
Baudouin, (1930-1993), was the fifth king of Belgium.


First Line:
Bauhaus, was an influential school of design.


First Line:
Baum, L. Frank (1856-1919), an American author, wrote children's books about the magical land of Oz. His first Oz book, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900), was made into The Wizard of Oz (1939), one of the most popular motion pictures in history.


First Line:
Baum, William Wakefield Cardinal (1926-...), was appointed a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church in 1976 by Pope Paul VI. In 1980, Pope John Paul II appointed him head of the Vatican Congregation for Catholic Education.


First Line:
Bauxite, is the ore from which almost all aluminum is produced.


First Line:
Bavaria, is a state in southeastern Germany.


First Line:
Bay is a part of an ocean, a lake, or a similar body of water that forms an indentation in the shoreline and is bordered by headlands or capes.


First Line:
Bay of Bengal is the northern part of the Indian Ocean, bordering on India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar.


First Line:
Bay of Biscay is an extension of the Atlantic Ocean on the western coast of Europe.


First Line:
Bay of Fundy is an extension of the North Atlantic Ocean that divides New Brunswick from western Nova Scotia.


First Line:
Bay Psalm Book was the first book known to have been both written and printed in the English colonies of America.


First Line:
Bayberry, is a North American shrub closely related to the wax myrtle.


First Line:
Bayeux Tapestry, is a work of embroidery that tells, in pictures, the story of the Norman Conquest.


First Line:
Bayh, Birch Evans, Jr. (1928-...), was a United States senator representing Indiana from 1963 to 1981. Bayh, a liberal Democrat, won national attention during the late 1960's for his opposition to the nation's involvement in the Vietnam War.


First Line:
Baylor, Elgin (1934-...), ranks among the outstanding all-around players in basketball history.


First Line:
Bayonet is a dagger or knife that fits on the barrel of a gun.


First Line:
Bayou, is a shallow, curving channel filled with slow-moving, sometimes stagnant water.


First Line:
Bayreuth, (pop. 71,848), is a trading center in southern Germany.


First Line:
Bazaar, is a marketplace for articles of all kinds, in which traders maintain small stalls or shops.


First Line:
B.C. is the abbreviation for before Christ. In 532, the monk Dionysius Exiguus introduced a system of dating events, beginning with the year he believed Jesus Christ was born.


First Line:
BCG is a vaccine used to prevent tuberculosis.


First Line:
Beach is an accumulation of sand, pebbles, or small rocks along a shoreline.


First Line:
Beach Boys became one of the most popular groups in American rock music.


First Line:
Beach plum is a wild shrub with an edible fruit that looks like a small plum.


First Line:
Beach volleyball is a popular outdoor sport that follows the basic rules of indoor volleyball.


First Line:
Beacon is an easily seen light or a radio signal.


First Line:
Beadle, George Wells (1903-1989), an American geneticist, shared the 1958 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine for his discovery that genes act by regulating specific chemical processes.


First Line:
Beadle, William Henry Harrison (1830-1915), was a leader in building public-school education in the West.


First Line:
Beadwork is the craft of making or decorating objects with beads.


First Line:
Beanis the name of the seeds and pods of several related plants in the pea family.


First Line:
Bean, Judge Roy (1825?-1904), was a saloonkeeper and justice of the peace on the West Texas frontier, where the Pecos River and the Rio Grande join.


First Line:
Bean beetle, also called Mexican bean beetle, is a serious insect pest that lives on bean plants.


First Line:
Bear is a large, powerful animal with thick, shaggy fur.


First Line:
Bearbaiting was a cruel sport popular in Europe and especially in London as early as 1174.


First Line:
Beard is the hair that grows on a man's chin and the sides of his face.


First Line:
Beard, Charles and Mary, were American historians and authors.


First Line:
Beard, Daniel Carter (1850-1941), was known to American Boy Scouts as "Uncle Dan."


First Line:
Bearded collie is a breed of dog that originated in the 1500's in Scotland.


First Line:
Bearden, Romare,  (1914-1988), was an African-American artist whose work realistically portrays the urban and rural life of African Americans.


First Line:
Beardsley, Aubrey Vincent (1872-1898), was an English book and magazine illustrator.


First Line:
Beardtongue, also called penstemon, is the name of a large group of showy wild and garden flowers.


First Line:
Bearing is a part of a machine that supports or guides a moving part.


First Line:
Bears and bulls are the popular names for two particular points of view among those who invest in stocks or commodities.


First Line:
Beat movement refers to a set of literary, political, and social attitudes principally associated with certain American writers and artists during the 1950's.


First Line:
Beatitudes, are sayings of Jesus Christ found in the New Testament.


First Line:
Beatles became the most popular group in rock music history.


First Line:
Beatrix, (1938-...), became queen of the Netherlands in 1980.


First Line:
Beatty, Warren (1937-...), is an American motion-picture actor, producer, and director.


First Line:
Beaumarchais, Pierre Augustin Caron de (1732-1799), a French dramatist, won fame for his comedies The Barber of Seville (1775) and The Marriage of Figaro.


First Line:
Beaumont, (pop. 113,866), became the first petroleum boom town in Texas in 1901, after a gusher at the nearby Spindletop oil field began producing crude oil.


First Line:
Beaumont, Francis (1584?-1616), was an English playwright.


First Line:
Beaumont, William (1785-1853), an American physician, gained fame for his studies of the process of digestion.


First Line:
Beauregard, Pierre Gustave Toutant, (1818-1893), was a Confederate general during the Civil War (1861-1865).


First Line:
Beauvoir, Simone de, (1908-1986), was a French author.


First Line:
Beaver is a furry animal with a wide, flat tail that looks like a paddle.


First Line:
Beaverbrook, Lord (1879-1964), created a great British press empire, acquired a fortune, and became a political power in Britain.


First Line:
Bebel, August (1841-1913), was a leading German socialist of the 1800's and early 1900's.


First Line:
Bechet, Sidney (1897-1959), was an American jazz clarinetist and soprano saxophone player.


First Line:
Becker, Boris (1967-...), is a German tennis champion.


First Line:
Becket, Saint Thomas, also known as Thomas a Becket (1118?-1170), was an archbishop of Canterbury.


First Line:
Beckett, Margaret (1943-...), a British politician and member of the Labour Party, became environment, food, and rural affairs secretary in 2001.


First Line:
Beckett, Samuel Barclay (1906-1989), was an Irish novelist, playwright, and poet.


First Line:
Beckmann, Max (1884-1950), a German artist, became known for his expressionistic images of brutality and terror.


First Line:
Beckwourth, James Pierson (1798-1867?), an American frontiersman, discovered Beckwourth Pass in the Sierra Nevada about 1850.


First Line:
Becquerel, Antoine Cesar, (1788-1878), was a French physicist who performed pioneering experiments in electricity and electrochemistry.


First Line:
Becquerel, Antoine Henri, (1852-1908), was a French physicist.


First Line:
Bed is an article of furniture used for sleeping or resting.


First Line:
Bed bug is a small, wingless insect that feeds on blood.


First Line:
Bede, (673?-735), also known as The Venerable Bede, was an English historian and theologian (one who studies God and religion).


First Line:
Bedford Borough (pop. 132,000) is a local government district in Bedfordshire, England, administered from the town of Bedford.


First Line:
Bedford, Gunning, Jr. (1747-1812), a lawyer and statesman from Delaware, was a signer of the Constitution of the United States. At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, Bedford spoke out forcefully for the rights of small states, such as Delaware.


First Line:
Bedlington terrier is a dog that looks somewhat like a lamb.


First Line:
Bedouins, are Arab people who traditionally have been nomadic herders in the deserts of the Middle East.


First Line:
Bedsore is an ulcer (open sore) in the skin caused by prolonged and excessive pressure.


First Line:
Bedstraw is one of a group of plants that were once used for mattresses.


First Line:
Bee is an insect that lives in almost every part of the world except near the North and South poles.


First Line:
Bee-eater is any member of a family of about 25 species of birds related to kingfishers.


First Line:
Bee fly is an insect that looks like a bee.


First Line:
Beebe, William (1877-1962), was a well-known American naturalist and writer.


First Line:
Beech is a forest tree which grows both in North America and in Europe.


First Line:
Beecham, Sir Thomas (1879-1961), a British conductor, became one of the world's influential musicians, even though he received little formal musical education.


First Line:
Beecher, Catharine Esther (1800-1878), an American educational reformer, was an early supporter of education for women.


First Line:
Beecher, Henry Ward (1813-1887), the son of Lyman Beecher, was an eloquent, dramatic, and witty Protestant preacher.


First Line:
Beecher, Lyman (1775-1863), was an American clergyman.


First Line:
Beef is the meat obtained from mature cattle.


First Line:
Beefwood is a group of trees native mostly to Australia.


First Line:
Beelzebub, was the prince of the demons in the New Testament.


First Line:
Beer is an alcoholic beverage that is made from cereal grains, hops, water, and yeast.


First Line:
Beers, Clifford Whittingham (1876-1943), founded the mental hygiene movement in the United States.


First Line:
Beersheba, (pop. 141,400), in Israel, is the place where Abraham settled.


First Line:
Beeswax is a yellow substance produced by glands on the underside of the abdomen in worker honey bees.


First Line:
Beethoven, Ludwig van (1770-1827), was one of the greatest composers in history.


First Line:
Beetle is one of the most common of all insects.


First Line:
Beggar-ticks, also called stick-tights, is a type of plant with sticky, flat, seedlike fruits.


First Line:
Beggarweed is a branching, rapidly growing plant that reaches a height of about 6 feet (1.8 meters).


First Line:
Begin, Menachem, (1913-1992), served as prime minister of Israel from 1977 to 1983.


First Line:
Begonia, is the name of a large group of tropical plants, many of which are common household or garden plants.


First Line:
Behan, Brendan, (1923-1964), was a flamboyant Irish author.


First Line:
Behavior is the way human beings and other organisms act.


First Line:
Behn, Aphra, (1640-1689), was a dramatist, novelist, and poet.


First Line:
Behrens, Peter (1868-1940), was a German architect famous for his pioneering work in industrial architecture and design.


First Line:
Behrman, S. N. (1893-1973), was an American playwright. Most of his plays deal with upper-class society.


First Line:
Beiderbecke, Bix (1903-1931), was an American jazz cornet player.


First Line:
Beijing, (pop. 7,362,426), is the capital and second largest city of China.


First Line:
Beirut, (pop. 1,500,000), is Lebanon's capital and largest city.


First Line:
Belafonte, Harry (1927-...), an American singer and motion-picture actor, became best known for his interpretations of West Indian calypso music.


First Line:
Belarus, also spelled Byelarus, is a country in eastern Europe.


First Line:
Belasco, David (1853-1931), was a leading American playwright, producer, and director.


First Line:
Belem, (pop. 1,203,151; met. area pop. 1,418,061), is a city in northern Brazil.


First Line:
Belfast (pop. 301,600) is the capital, largest city, and chief industrial center and port of Northern Ireland, a division of the United Kingdom.


First Line:
Belgian Malinois, is a breed of dog closely related to the Belgian sheepdog.


First Line:
Belgian sheepdog is a breed of dog developed in Belgium in the late 1800's to herd sheep.


First Line:
Belgian Tervuren, is a breed of dog closely related to the Belgian sheepdog.


First Line:
Belgium is a small country at the crossroads of northwestern Europe.


First Line:
Belgrade, (pop. 1,168,454), is the capital and largest city of Yugoslavia.


First Line:
Belize, is a small country in Central America.


First Line:
Belize City, (pop. 48,400), is the largest city of Belize.


First Line:
Bell is a hollow, metal vessel in the shape of a cup with a clapper (metal tongue) suspended inside.


First Line:
Bell, Alexander Graham (1847-1922), a Scottish-born inventor and educator, is best known for his invention of the telephone.


First Line:
Bell, John (1797-1869), a prominent American statesman, was the Constitutional Union Party candidate for President in 1860.


First Line:
Bella Coola Indians live in western Canada.


First Line:
Belladonna, is a bushy plant that supplies several drugs.


First Line:
Bellamy, Edward (1850-1898), an American author, wrote Looking Backward (1888), one of the most popular and influential novels of the 1800's.


First Line:
Bellarmine, Saint Robert Francis Romulus, (1542-1621), an Italian Jesuit theologian, defended the rights of the Roman Catholic Church in an age of absolutism.


First Line:
Bellbird is a medium-sized bird that lives in Central and South America.


First Line:
Bellflower is the common name of a group of wild and cultivated plants, most of which have bell-shaped blossoms.


First Line:
Bellini, Gentile, (1429?-1507), was an important painter in Venice during the Italian Renaissance.


First Line:
Bellini, Giovanni, (1432?-1516), was the greatest member of the Bellini family of painters in Venice during the Italian Renaissance.


First Line:
Bellini, Jacopo, (1400?-1470?), was one of the founders of the Renaissance style of painting in Venice and northern Italy.


First Line:
Bellini, Vincenzo, (1801-1835), was an Italian opera composer.


First Line:
Belloc, Hilaire, (1870-1953), was a British novelist, essayist, historian, and poet.


First Line:
Bellow, Saul (1915-...), is an American author.


First Line:
Bellows is a device that produces wind by sucking air through one or more valves and then pumping it out.


First Line:
Bellows, George Wesley (1882-1925), was a leading American artist of the early 1900's.


First Line:
Bell's palsy, is a disease that paralyzes one side of the face.


First Line:
Belmopan (pop. 3,500), is the capital of Belize.


First Line:
Belo Horizonte, (pop. 2,145,908; met. area pop. 3,615,234), is the third largest city in Brazil.


First Line:
Bemelmans, Ludwig (1898-1962), was an American author and artist.


First Line:
Ben Bella, Ahmed (1919-...) was the first president of the Republic of Algeria.


First Line:
Ben-Gurion, David (1886-1973), served as Israel's first prime minister after it became independent in 1948.


First Line:
Ben Nevis, is the highest mountain in the United Kingdom.


First Line:
Benavente, Jacinto, (1866-1954), was the outstanding Spanish playwright of the early 1900's.


First Line:
Benbow, John (1653-1702), was a British admiral known for his courage and fighting spirit.


First Line:
Bench mark is a permanent and recognizable point that lies at a known elevation.


First Line:
Bendix, Vincent (1882-1945), was an American inventor.


First Line:
Bends is a painful and dangerous condition caused by the formation of gas bubbles in the bloodstream and body tissues.


First Line:
Benedict XV (1854-1922) was elected pope of the Roman Catholic Church in 1914.


First Line:
Benedict, Ruth Fulton (1887-1948), was an American anthropologist.


First Line:
Benedict of Nursia, Saint (480?-547?), was the father of Christian monasticism in the West.


First Line:
Benedictines are Christian men and women who live according to the rule (guidelines for monastic living) written by Saint Benedict of Nursia in the early 500's.


First Line:
Benelux, is an economic union formed by Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg.


First Line:
Benes, Eduard, (1884-1948), was cofounder of Czechoslovakia with Tomas Masaryk in 1918 (see Masaryk).


First Line:
Benet, Laura (1884-1979), was an American author best known for her children's books.


First Line:
Benet, Stephen Vincent (1898-1943), was an American poet and fiction writer.


First Line:
Benet, William Rose (1886-1950), was an American poet, critic, and editor.


First Line:
Benghazi, or, in Arabic, Banghazi (pop. 368,000), is the second largest city of Libya.


First Line:
Benin, is a country on the west coast of Africa.


First Line:
Benin, was a West African kingdom that flourished from the mid-1400's to the mid-1600's.


First Line:
Benjamin was the youngest and, next to Joseph, favorite son of Jacob.


First Line:
Benjamin, Judah Philip (1811-1884), was a United States lawyer and statesman who was active in the Confederate cause during the Civil War (1861-1865).


First Line:
Bennett, Arnold (1867-1931), was an English novelist and playwright.


First Line:
Bennett, Floyd (1890-1928), was an American pilot and mechanic.


First Line:
Bennett, James Gordon (1795-1872), a prominent American journalist, founded the New York Herald in 1835.


First Line:
Bennett, James Gordon, Jr. (1841-1918), was an American journalist. The son of New York Herald founder James Gordon Bennett, he took over management of the newspaper in 1867, when his father retired.


First Line:
Bennett, Richard Bedford (1870-1947), Viscount Bennett of Mickleham, Calgary, and Hopewell, served as prime minister of Canada from 1930 to 1935.


First Line:
Benny, Jack (1894-1974), was an American radio and television comedian.


First Line:
Bentgrass is the name of many related kinds of grasses that have rough stems, small flowers, and seeds that grow in delicate clusters.


First Line:
Bentham, Jeremy (1748-1832), an English philosopher, founded the philosophy known as utilitarianism.


First Line:
Benton, Thomas Hart (1782-1858), served as United States senator from Missouri for 30 years.


First Line:
Benton, Thomas Hart (1889-1975), was an American painter.


First Line:
Bentsen, Lloyd Millard, Jr. (1921-...), was United States secretary of the treasury from 1993 to 1994 under President Bill Clinton. Before he was appointed to the post, Bentsen had represented Texas in the U.S. Senate since 1971.


First Line:
Benz, Karl (1844-1929), a German engineer, pioneered in building motor-driven vehicles.


First Line:
Benzene, is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.


First Line:
Benzocaine, is a drug that reduces pain or itching in minor wounds, sores, and burns on skin and mucous membranes.


First Line:
Benzodiazepine, is any of a group of drugs widely prescribed to relieve anxiety.


First Line:
Beothuk  Indians, were a people who lived on the island of Newfoundland off the eastern shore of Canada.


First Line:
Beowulf, is an epic poem that is considered the first great work of English literature.


First Line:
Berbers are a people of northwest Africa and the Sahara.


First Line:
Berdyaev, Nicolas (1874-1948), was a Russian religious and political thinker.


First Line:
Berg, Alban, (1885-1935), was an Austrian composer.


First Line:
Bergamot, is a name given to several plants.


First Line:
Bergen (pop. 211,866) is the second largest city in Norway.


First Line:
Bergen-Belsen was a concentration camp near Hanover in north-central Germany, during World War II.


First Line:
Berger, Victor L. (1860-1929), became the first Socialist to be elected to the United States Congress. He served from 1911 to 1913 as a Wisconsin representative.


First Line:
Bergman, Ingmar (1918-...), is a Swedish motion-picture director.


First Line:
Bergman, Ingrid (1915-1982), was a motion-picture actress best known for her beauty and her convincing portrayals of innocent women of integrity.


First Line:
Bergson, Henri, (1859-1941), was a French philosopher.


First Line:
Beriberi, is a disease caused by a lack of vitamin B-1, or thiamine.


First Line:
Bering, Vitus, (1680-1741), was a Danish navigator in the Russian Navy who led the first European expedition to explore a major part of Alaska's coast.


First Line:
Bering  Sea, is the northern part of the Pacific Ocean between the region of Siberia in Russia and the state of Alaska in the United States.


First Line:
Bering Sea controversy, was a dispute between the United States and Britain in the late 1800's.


First Line:
Berio, Luciano, (1925-...), an Italian composer, became a leader of experimental music in Europe.


First Line:
Berkeley, California (pop. 102,743), lies on a range of low hills on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay.


First Line:
Berkeley, George (1685-1753), was an Anglican bishop and philosopher.


First Line:
Berkeley, Sir William (1606-1677), became governor of colonial Virginia in 1642.


First Line:
Berkelium, is an artificially created radioactive element.


First Line:
Berlin is Germany's capital and largest city.


First Line:
Berlin, Congress of, was a meeting of European leaders in 1878 to decide the future of the Balkans, a region controlled by the Turkish-based Ottoman Empire that included present-day Albania and Bulgaria and much of what became Yugoslavia.


First Line:
Berlin, Irving (1888-1989), composed many of the most famous American popular songs.


First Line:
Berlin Conference was a meeting of 14 nations to discuss territorial disputes in Africa.


First Line:
Berlin Wall was built in 1961 to divide the two parts of the city of Berlin--Communist East Berlin and non-Communist West Berlin.


First Line:
Berliner, Emile (1851-1929), invented a practical telephone transmitter in 1877.


First Line:
Berlioz, Hector, (1803-1869), was a French composer.


First Line:
Bermuda, an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, is a group of coral islands and islets in the Atlantic Ocean.


First Line:
Bermuda,  Triangle, also called Devil's Triangle, is an area of ocean off the southeastern coast of Florida where many ships and airplanes have disappeared.


First Line:
Bern (pop. 136,338; met. area pop. 332,494), also spelled Berne, is the capital of both Switzerland and the Swiss canton (state) of Bern.


First Line:
Bernadette, Saint (1844-1879), is a saint of the Roman Catholic Church.


First Line:
Bernadotte, Jean Baptiste Jules, (1763-1844), a French soldier who became one of Napoleon Bonaparte's marshals, founded the present Swedish royal line.


First Line:
Bernard, Claude (1813-1878), the leading French physiologist of his day, founded modern experimental physiology.


First Line:
Bernard of Clairvaux, Saint (1090-1153), was a Christian theologian and a leader of the Cistercian religious order.


First Line:
Bernardin, Joseph Louis Cardinal (1928-1996), was appointed a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church by Pope John Paul II in 1983.


First Line:
Bernese, mountain dog is a long-haired dog.


First Line:
Bernhardt, Sarah (1844-1923), a French actress, was one of the great international stage stars of her time.


First Line:
Bernier, Joseph Elzear, (1852-1934), was a Canadian explorer known for his voyages to the Arctic.


First Line:
Bernini, Gian Lorenzo (1598-1680), an Italian sculptor, was probably the most famous artist of the 1600's.


First Line:
Bernoulli's, principle, also called Bernoulli's law or Bernoulli's theorem, states that energy is conserved in a moving fluid (liquid or gas).


First Line:
Bernstein, Leonard (1918-1990), was an American conductor, composer, and pianist.


First Line:
Berry, as defined by botanists, is a fleshy, many-seeded fruit.


First Line:
Berry, Chuck (1926-...), is an American singer, composer, and guitarist.


First Line:
Berry, Martha McChesney (1866-1942), was an American educator who established schools for poor Southern mountain people.


First Line:
Berryman, John (1914-1972), was an American poet and critic.


First Line:
Bertillon, system is a method that was once widely used to identify people by their physical measurements.


First Line:
Berton, Pierre (1920-...), is a Canadian author and television personality.


First Line:
Beryl, is a hard mineral composed of beryllium, aluminum, silicon, and oxygen.


First Line:
Beryllium, is a rare, light-gray metallic element.


First Line:
Berzelius, Jons Jakob (1779-1848), a noted Swedish chemist, made valuable contributions to chemical analysis and atomic theory.


First Line:
Besant, Annie Wood (1847-1933), was a British social reformer and a leader of a philosophical movement called theosophy.


First Line:
Bess of Hardwick (1518-1608) was the popular name of Elizabeth Hardwick, who became one of the wealthiest women in England by outliving four husbands and inheriting most of their estates.


First Line:
Bessarabia, is a historical region in eastern Europe.


First Line:
Bessborough, Earl of (1880-1956), served as governor general of Canada from 1931 to 1935.


First Line:
Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm (1784-1846), was a German astronomer and mathematician.


First Line:
Bessemer, Sir Henry (1813-1898), a British engineer, devised the Bessemer process for converting pig iron into steel.


First Line:
Best, Charles Herbert (1899-1978), a Canadian physiologist, was a principal discoverer of the hormone insulin.


First Line:
Beta-blocker is a type of drug that plays a major role in the treatment of various heart disorders.


First Line:
Beta, particle is an electron given off by the nucleus of a radioactive atom when it undergoes a nuclear transformation.


First Line:
Betel, is a preparation made from a palm tree and a vine plant grown in Asia.


First Line:
Betelgeuse, also called Alpha Orionis, is one of the brightest stars in the constellation of Orion.


First Line:
Bethlehem (pop. 16,313) is the birthplace of Jesus Christ.


First Line:
Bethlehem Steel Corporation is the second largest steel company in the United States.


First Line:
Bethune, Mary McLeod (1875-1955), was an African American educator.


First Line:
Bethune, Norman (1890-1939), a Canadian surgeon, became a national hero of China because of his medical service there.


First Line:
Bettelheim, Bruno (1903-1990), became famous during his life for his work with emotionally disturbed children.


First Line:
Better business bureau is a nonprofit corporation organized by businesses to protect the public from unfair advertising and business practices.


First Line:
Bevan, Aneurin, (1897-1960), was a leading British Labour politician during the 1940's and 1950's.


First Line:
Beverley (pop. 109,500) is a local government district in Humberside, England.


First Line:
Beverly Hills (pop. 33,784) is a city in southern California that is famous as the home of many movie stars and other wealthy people.


First Line:
Bevilacqua, Anthony Joseph Cardinal (1923-...), was appointed a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church by Pope John Paul II in 1991.


First Line:
Bewick, Thomas (1753-1828), was the most important wood engraver in English art.


First Line:
Bexley (pop. 211,200) is a borough within the Greater London area in England.


First Line:
Bhagavad-Gita, is one of the most widely read and beloved of Hindu scriptures.


First Line:
Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali, (1928-1979), was president and prime minister of Pakistan from 1971 to 1977.


First Line:
Bhutan, is a small, developing independent country in south-central Asia.


First Line:
Bhutto, Benazir, (1953-...), served as prime minister of Pakistan from 1988 until 1990 and from 1993 to 1996.


First Line:
Bialik, Chaim Nachman (1873-1934), is considered the greatest poet in modern Hebrew literature.


First Line:
Biathlon, is a winter sport that combines cross-country ski racing and rifle marksmanship.


First Line:
Bible is the name given to several collections of writings held sacred by the Jewish and Christian religions.


First Line:
Bible Society, American, is a nonprofit organization that translates, publishes, and distributes Bibles and parts of the Bible throughout the world.


First Line:
Bibliography, is a list of books or articles about a subject.


First Line:
Bibliotheque Nationale de France, is one of the largest libraries in Europe.


First Line:
Bicarbonate, of soda, also known as baking soda and sodium bicarbonate, is a stomach alkalizer and soothes skin irritations.


First Line:
Bicentennial Celebration, American, was a festival held throughout the United States, chiefly in 1976.


First Line:
Bichat, Marie Francois Xavier, (1771-1802), was a French surgeon, anatomist, and physiologist.


First Line:
Bichon frise, is a breed of small, lively dog.


First Line:
Bickerdyke, Mary Ann Ball (1817-1901), was an American Civil War hospital worker who became known as Mother Bickerdyke.


First Line:
Bicycle is a vehicle with two wheels set one behind the other on a frame.


First Line:
Bicycle racing, also called cycling, is one of the most popular sports in the world.


First Line:
Biddle, Nicholas (1786-1844), was an American banker.


First Line:
Bieber, Owen Frederick (1929-...), served as president of the United Automobile Workers (UAW) from 1983 to 1995.


First Line:
Biedermeier, is the name of a style of design that developed in the German-speaking countries of Europe during the early 1800's.


First Line:
Biennial, is a plant that requires two years or two growing seasons to complete its life cycle.


First Line:
Bienville, Sieur de (1680-1768), a French-Canadian explorer and administrator, played a leading role in the European settlement of Louisiana.


First Line:
Bierce, Ambrose Gwinett (1842-1914?), was an American writer and journalist.


First Line:
Bierstadt, Albert (1830-1902), was one of the greatest American romantic landscape painters.


First Line:
Big and Little Dippers are the names of two groups of stars that are easy to recognize in the northern sky.


First Line:
Big Ben is the name given to the bell, clock, and clock tower of the Houses of Parliament in the Palace of Westminster in London.


First Line:
Big Bend National Park is the last great wilderness area of Texas.


First Line:
Big Brothers/Big Sisters of America is a nonprofit social welfare organization that coordinates the programs of about 480 agencies in the United States.


First Line:
Big Five refers to the five permanent members of the Security Council of the United Nations (UN).


First Line:
Bigamy, is the crime a man or woman commits by being married to two people at the same time.


First Line:
Bigfoot is a humanlike creature said to live in the Pacific Northwest.


First Line:
Bighorn is a species of wild sheep found only in North America.


First Line:
Bignonia, is the name of an American family of climbing shrubs, vines, and trees.


First Line:
Bihzad, Kamal ad-Din, (1450-1537), was the most famous of the Persian miniature painters.


First Line:
Bikini, Atoll is an isolated atoll (ring-shaped reef) in the northwest Marshall Islands group in the Pacific Ocean.


First Line:
Biko, Steve (1946-1977), was a black leader in the fight against apartheid and white minority rule in South Africa.


First Line:
Bilingual educationis teaching and learning in two languages-one that a student already speaks and a new language.


First Line:
Bilirubin is a reddish-yellow pigment found in bile that is produced by the breakdown of hemoglobin, a pigment in red blood cells.


First Line:
Bill comes from the Latin word bulla, a seal used on documents during the Middle Ages.


First Line:
Bill of exchange is a written order signed by the party drawing it, which directs a second party to pay to a third party a fixed sum of money at a certain time.


First Line:
Bill of health is a certificate issued and signed by designated port authorities.


First Line:
Bill of rights is a document that describes the fundamental liberties of the people.


First Line:
Bill of Rights Day commemorates the acceptance of the Bill of Rights as amendments to the United States Constitution.


First Line:
Bill of sale is a formal written statement by which a seller transfers to a purchaser the title to an item of personal property.


First Line:
Billiards is the name of several indoor games played on a rectangular table.


First Line:
Billings (pop. 89,847; met. area pop. 129,352) is the largest city in Montana.


First Line:
Billings, Josh (1818-1885), was the pen name of Henry Wheeler Shaw, a popular American humorist.


First Line:
Billings, William (1746-1800), was the first professional musician and the first important composer born in the American Colonies.


First Line:
Billy the Kid (1859-1881) was a cattle thief and killer in New Mexico.


First Line:
Biloxi, (pop. 50,644), is the third largest city in Mississippi.


First Line:
Binary star, or double star, is a pair of stars that are close together and cannot escape from each other.


First Line:
Bindweed, is the name of several species of plants that often grow as weeds.


First Line:
Binet, Alfred (1857-1911), a French psychologist, did much to arouse interest in the psychological study of children.


First Line:
Bingham, George Caleb, (1811-1879), was a leading American painter of genre subjects (scenes from everyday life).


First Line:
Binoculars are two identical telescopes joined side by side so that a viewer sees an enlarged image with both eyes at once.


First Line:
Binomial theorem is an important algebraic formula.


First Line:
Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes that take place in all living things.


First Line:
Biodiversity is the variety that exists among organisms and their environments.


First Line:
Biofeedback is a method of learning to control body processes that are not ordinarily thought of as being under voluntary control.


First Line:
Biogenesis, is a term in biology that is derived from two Greek words meaning life and birth.


First Line:
Biography is the story of a person's life written by someone else.


First Line:
Biological clock refers to a timing mechanism that operates in living things.


First Line:
Biology is the scientific study of living things.


First Line:
Bioluminescence, is the ability of certain living things to give off light.


First Line:
Biomass, is any organic material that can be converted into energy or into a source of energy.


First Line:
Biome, is a plant and animal community that covers a large geographical area.


First Line:
Biomedical engineering is a branch of engineering that applies engineering knowledge to solve problems in biology and medicine.


First Line:
Bionics is a term that was originally applied to a variety of scientific projects involving biological systems, engineering systems, and artificial intelligence (see Artificial intelligence).


First Line:
Biophysics is the field of biology that applies the tools and techniques of physics to the study of life processes.


First Line:
Biopsy, is a medical technique by which living tissue is obtained for examination under the microscope.


First Line:
Biorhythm is a term that refers to any cycle of changes in the functions of organisms.


First Line:
Biosynthesis is the process by which living cells manufacture complicated chemical compounds from simpler substances.


First Line:
Biotechnology is the term for techniques of managing biological systems for human benefit.


First Line:
Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness in which a person alternates between periods of severe depression and periods of mania (extreme joy, overactivity, or irritability).


First Line:
Birch is the name of a group of about 40 slender trees and shrubs of North America, Europe, and Northern Asia.


First Line:
Bird, Larry (1956-...), ranks among the best all-around basketball players in the history of the game.


First Line:
Bird-of-paradise is the name given to certain kinds of birds with plumage of many dazzling colors.


First Line:
Bird-of-paradise flower is a small plant of South Africa with orange-and-blue flowers and banana-shaped leaves.


First Line:
Bird's-foot trefoil, is a perennial plant native to temperate regions in Europe and Asia.


First Line:
Bird's-nest soup is a famous Chinese dish.


First Line:
Birdseye, Clarence (1886-1956), pioneered the development of packaged frozen foods.


First Line:
Birling, or logrolling, is a sport in which two contestants spin a floating log rapidly with their feet.


First Line:
Birmingham, (pop. 242,820; met. area pop. 921,106), is the largest city in Alabama and a leading steelmaking, educational, and medical center.


First Line:
Birmingham (pop. 934,900; met. area pop. 2,500,400) ranks as the second largest city in the United Kingdom.


First Line:
Birney, Alice Josephine McLellan (1858-1907), was a cofounder of the National Congress of Mothers (NCM).


First Line:
Birth and death rates are important measurements of population changes.


First Line:
Birth certificate is a legal record of a person's birth.


First Line:
Birth control is a term that includes all methods used to regulate or prevent the birth of children.


First Line:
Birth defect is an abnormality in the structure or function of the body that is present at birth.


First Line:
Birthmark is a skin blemish that is present at birth or develops shortly thereafter.


First Line:
Birthstone is a gem associated with a month of the year.


First Line:
Biscayne, National Park lies in the upper Florida Keys near Miami.


First Line:
Bishkek, (pop. 626,000), is the capital and largest city of Kyrgyzstan, a country in central Asia.


First Line:
Bishop, in some Christian churches, is a high-ranking official who administers an area containing a number of churches.


First Line:
Bishop, Billy (1894-1956), a Canadian flier, was a famous World War I pilot.


First Line:
Bishop, Elizabeth (1911-1979), an American poet, wrote poems that offer exquisitely detailed descriptions of landscapes, animals, and objects.


First Line:
Bismarck, North Dakota (pop. 55,532; met. area pop. 94,719), is the state capital and a medical, retail, and transportation center.


First Line:
Bismarck, was a German battleship that was sunk in one of the most important naval actions of World War II.


First Line:
Bismarck, Otto von (1815-1898), Prince Bismarck-Schonhausen, was a Prussian statesman who united the German states into one empire.


First Line:
Bismarck Archipelago, is a group of islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean.


First Line:
Bismuth, is a brittle, white metal with a pink tint.


First Line:
Bissau, (pop. 109,214), is the capital, chief port, and largest city of Guinea-Bissau.


First Line:
Bitter root, the state flower of Montana, is a small perennial plant.


First Line:
Bittern is any of about 13 species of marsh-dwelling birds in the heron family.


First Line:
Bitternut hickory, also called swamp hickory, is a medium or large hickory tree with bitter-tasting nuts.


First Line:
Bitters is the term for certain bitter liquids extracted from herbs, leaves, barks, rhizomes (underground stems), roots, or flower heads.


First Line:
Bittersweet is the name of two unrelated vinelike plants.


First Line:
Bitumen, is a light brown to black noncrystalline solid or semisolid made up of hydrogen, carbon, and small amounts of sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.


First Line:
Bituminous, sands, also called tar sands, are deposits of sand that contain bitumen.


First Line:
Bizet, Georges, (1838-1875), a French composer, wrote Carmen (1875), one of the most popular operas of all time.


First Line:
Bjerknes, Vilhelm (1862-1951), was a Norwegian physicist whose work led to the development of modern techniques for describing and predicting the weather.


First Line:
Bjoerling, Jussi, (1911-1960), was a Swedish operatic tenor who was famous for the elegance of his light, lyrical voice.


First Line:
Bjornson, Bjornstjerne, (1832-1910), was a Norwegian poet, novelist, and playwright.


First Line:
Blaby, (pop. 81,900) is a small local government district in Leicestershire, south and west of the city of Leicester, England.


First Line:
Black, Davidson (1884-1934), a Canadian anatomist and physical anthropologist, discovered and interpreted the fossilized bones that represent the extinct form of man known as Sinanthropus pekinensis (see Peking fossils).


First Line:
Black, Hugo Lafayette (1886-1971), was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1937 to 1971.


First Line:
Black, Joseph (1728-1799), a Scottish physician and chemist, first explained the nature of caustic and mild alkalis (hydroxides and carbonates), identified carbon dioxide as a distinct gas, and showed that gases could appear in solids.


First Line:
Black and tan coonhound is a breed of dog that originated in America.


First Line:
Black Caucus, Congressional, is an organization of African American members of the Congress of the United States.


First Line:
Black codes were state laws regulating the activities of blacks in the Southern United States after the American Civil War.


First Line:
Black Country is a region in England that includes southern Staffordshire, northern Hereford and Worcester, and part of the West Midlands.


First Line:
Black-eyed Susan, also called yellow daisy, is a small wild flower with orange-yellow rays and purple-black, cone-shaped centers.


First Line:
Black Forest is a mountain district in southwestern Germany, covered with forests of dark fir and spruce trees.


First Line:
Black Friday refers to two different Fridays in the history of the United States, each of which led to a financial emergency.


First Line:
Black Hawk (1767-1838) was a Sauk Indian chief.


First Line:
Black Hills are a range of low mountains located in southwestern South Dakota and eastern Wyoming.


First Line:
Black History Month is an annual observance, in February, of the past achievements and current status of African Americans.


First Line:
Black hole is a region of space whose gravitational force is so strong that nothing can escape from it.


First Line:
Black Hole of Calcutta was the scene of a disputed incident that took place in India in 1756, during a battle between British and Indian troops.


First Line:
Black humor is a literary term that refers primarily to a kind of bitter and often outrageous satire.


First Line:
Black Kettle (1803?-1868) was a Cheyenne Indian chief.


First Line:
Black lung is a potentially disabling lung disease that afflicts coal miners.


First Line:
Black market is the sale or distribution of goods or currency in violation of ceiling prices, quotas, rationing, and priorities established by a government.


First Line:
Black Muslims is a name that has been used for members of several related religious groups in the United States.


First Line:
Black Panther Party was a radical political organization in the United States.


First Line:
Black Sea is a large body of water that is bounded by Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, Turkey, Bulgaria, and Romania.


First Line:
Black Seminole were African slaves who escaped plantations in the United States to live among the Seminole Indians in Florida in the late 1700's and early 1800's.


First Line:
Black widow is the most dangerous spider in the United States.


First Line:
Blackbeard (?-1718), a British pirate, was one of the most famous villains in the history of the sea.


First Line:
Blackberry is a small round fruit that grows on a flowering shrub or a trailing vine.


First Line:
Blackbird is the family name given to many kinds of small birds whose plumage, at least in the males, is black.


First Line:
Blackbuck is a graceful antelope that lives in India and Pakistan.


First Line:
Blackburn (pop. 132,800) is an industrial town in southern Lancashire, England.


First Line:
Blackfeet Indians lived on the Great Plains of the United States and Canada.


First Line:
Blackfish is the common name for several fishes, such as the Alaska blackfish and the tautog.


First Line:
Blacklist is a list of people or organizations believed to deserve suspicion, disapproval, and punishment.


First Line:
Blackmail is a crime in which a person, using written or spoken threats of force or fright, demands money or property to which the person is not entitled.


First Line:
Blackmun, Harry Andrew (1908-1999), served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1970 to 1994.


First Line:
Blackpool (pop. 145,800) is a popular British seaside resort in western Lancashire, England, on the Irish Sea coast.


First Line:
Blacksmith is a person who makes and repairs iron objects by hammering them by hand on an anvil.


First Line:
Blackstone, Sir William (1723-1780), an English judge, author, and professor, won recognition for his Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765-1769).


First Line:
Blackwell, Antoinette Brown (1825-1921), was the first ordained woman minister in the United States.


First Line:
Blackwell, Elizabeth (1821-1910), was the first woman in the United States to receive a medical degree.


First Line:
Bladder is the common name for the urinary bladder, a hollow muscular organ that stores urine before expelling it from the body.


First Line:
Bladderwort, is the name of a group of water or marsh plants that grow throughout the world.


First Line:
Blaenau Gwent, (pop. 74,400) is a local government area in south Wales, administered from the town of Ebbw Vale.


First Line:
Blaine, James Gillespie (1830-1893), was an important American political leader for many years.


First Line:
Blair, Bonnie (1964-...), an American speed skater, won five gold medals and one bronze in the Winter Olympic Games, more than any other American athlete.


First Line:
Blake, Robert (1598-1657), was an English soldier who became a great naval leader.


First Line:
Blair, Francis Preston, Jr. (1821-1875), was an important political leader in Missouri. He served in both the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate.


First Line:
Blair, John (1732-1800), a Virginia lawyer and judge, was a signer of the Constitution of the United States.


First Line:
Blair, Tony (1953-...), became prime minister of the United Kingdom in 1997 and retained the post in 2001.


First Line:
Blake, William (1757-1827), was a brilliant and unconventional English poet, engraver, and painter.


First Line:
Blakelock, Ralph Albert (1847-1919), was an American landscape painter.


First Line:
Blanchard, Jean-Pierre (1753-1809), a French aviation pioneer, made the first balloon flight across the English Channel in 1785 with John Jeffries, an American physician.


First Line:
Bland, James A. (1854-1911), was a black American composer. In 1878, he published "Carry Me Back to Old Virginny."


First Line:
Blank verse is poetry written in unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter.


First Line:
Blarney Stone is a block of limestone in Blarney Castle, near Cork, Ireland.


First Line:
Blasco Ibanez, Vicente, (1867-1928), was a Spanish novelist.


First Line:
Blastula, or blastocyst, is the term used to describe an early stage in the development of an embryo.


First Line:
Blatch, Harriot Eaton Stanton (1856-1940), was a leader of the American woman suffrage movement.


First Line:
Blazing star is the name of a group of wildflowers.


First Line:
Bleach is any substance that lightens, brightens, or removes the color from a material.


First Line:
Bleeding is the escape of blood from blood vessels.


First Line:
Bleeding heart is a plant that bears heart-shaped rosy-red, pink, or white flowers in the late spring.


First Line:
Blenheim, Battle of, was fought on Aug. 13, 1704.


First Line:
Bleriot, Louis, (1872-1936), a French aviation pioneer, made the first airplane flight across the English Channel on July 25, 1909.


First Line:
Bligh, William (1754-1817), a British sea captain and colonial governor, won fame as a result of the mutiny on his ship, the Bounty.


First Line:
Blight is a condition of diseased plants in which whole parts of the plant die and wilt but do not rot or fall off.


First Line:
Blind spot is a small area of blindness that is present in the field of vision of the normal eye.


First Line:
Blindness is the total or partial inability to see.


First Line:
Blindworm is the common name of a type of legless lizard that lives in Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa.


First Line:
Blister is a collection of fluid below or between the surface layers of skin.


First Line:
Blitzkrieg, was a type of fast-moving warfare developed by the Germans in World War II.


First Line:
Blitzstein, Marc (1905-1964), was an American composer noted for his satirical, socio-political works for the stage.


First Line:
Blizzard is a blinding snowstorm with strong, cold winds.


First Line:
Bloc Quebecois, is a Canadian political party that gives supporters of sovereignty for the province of Quebec a voice in Canada's Parliament.


First Line:
Bloch, Ernest (1880-1959), was a prominent Swiss American composer of orchestral, chamber, and vocal music.


First Line:
Bloch, Felix (1905-1983), an American physicist, made important contributions to the theory of electrical and magnetic properties of solids.


First Line:
Bloch, Konrad Emil (1912-2000), an American biochemist, discovered how animal cells produce a fatty substance called cholesterol from acetic acid.


First Line:
Block, Herbert Lawrence (1909-2001), was a famous American editorial cartoonist who signed his work Herblock.


First Line:
Block and tackle is a machine used to lift weights and to exert large forces.


First Line:
Block printing is a method of reproducing a picture in which the artist uses a thin block of wood, linoleum, or similar material to make the image.


First Line:
Blockade is the patrolling of an enemy country's coasts by warships and planes to keep the country from receiving goods it needs to wage war.


First Line:
Blockhouse is a small fort built of logs or timbers.


First Line:
Bloemfontein, (pop. 126,867; met. area pop. 300,150), is the judicial capital of South Africa.


First Line:
Blood is the river of life that flows through the human body.


First Line:
Blood count is a test to determine the number of red and white cells and the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.


First Line:
Blood poisoning is a disease involving infectious bacteria or fungi in the bloodstream.


First Line:
Blood pressure is the pressure that blood exerts against the walls of the arteries.


First Line:
Blood transfusion is the transfer of blood or blood components into a person's bloodstream.


First Line:
Bloodhound is a breed of dog that has a keen sense of smell.


First Line:
Bloodletting is the process of drawing blood from the body in the treatment of disease.


First Line:
Bloodroot, also called red puccoon, is a flower that grows in Canada and the United States.


First Line:
Bloomer, Amelia Jenks (1818-1894), a temperance reformer and advocate of women's rights, became famous in 1851 for her "Turkish pantaloons," called bloomers.


First Line:
Bloomfield, Leonard (1887-1949), was a leading American linguist who developed scientific methods for the study of language.


First Line:
Bloomsbury Group was an informal association of English intellectuals, most of them educated at Cambridge University.


First Line:
Blount, William (1749-1800), was a North Carolina signer of the Constitution of the United States.


First Line:
Blow fly is the name of several kinds of flies.


First Line:
Blowgun is a tube through which pellets or thin darts are blown by a quick puff of air from the lungs.


First Line:
Blubber is a thick layer of fat that lies under the skin and over the muscles of whales, dolphins, porpoises, seals, sea cows, and other sea mammals.


First Line:
Blucher, Gebhard Leberecht von, (1742-1819), was the Prussian marshal whose arrival with reinforcements helped the British defeat Napoleon's army at the Battle of Waterloo (see Waterloo, Battle of).


First Line:
Blue baby is a term used to describe a newborn infant whose skin appears blue.


First Line:
Blue crab is a highly valued food crab that lives in shallow waters along the Atlantic coast of the United States.


First Line:
Blue Cross and Blue Shield are the names and symbols used by about 70 local, nonprofit organizations in the United States that finance health care insurance coverage.


First Line:
Blue jay is a common bird of the eastern half of the United States and Canada.


First Line:
Blue laws were the first printed laws of New Haven Colony in Connecticut.


First Line:
Blue Ridge Mountains are eastern ranges of the Appalachian Mountain System.


First Line:
Blue-sky laws are state laws that regulate the sale of bonds, stocks, and other securities.


First Line:
Blue whale is the largest animal that ever lived.


First Line:
Bluebell is the name given to several plants with blue flowers shaped like bells.


First Line:
Blueberry is a small, sweet fruit that grows on a shrub of the same name.


First Line:
Bluebird is any of three species of North American songbirds known for their brilliant, blue feathers.


First Line:
Bluebonnet is the state flower of Texas.


First Line:
Bluefish is a food fish that lives in the Atlantic Ocean from Nova Scotia to the southern tip of South America.


First Line:
Bluegrass is the name of approximately 200 kinds of grasses that grow in cool regions of the world.


First Line:
Bluenose was a Canadian fishing schooner that won five consecutive International Fisherman's races between Canada and the United States.


First Line:
Blueprint is a copy of the original drawing that shows how to construct a machine, a building, or another object.


First Line:
Blues are a kind of music that developed in America from the various musical expressions of African Americans.


First Line:
Bluet is a small, elegant wild flower of eastern North America.


First Line:
Bluford, Guion Stewart, Jr. (1942-...), a United States astronaut, became the first African American to travel in space. On Aug. 30, 1983, Bluford and four other astronauts began a six-day flight on the space shuttle Challenger.


First Line:
Blume, Judy (1938-...), is an American author of humorous, realistic books for children and adults.


First Line:
Blunderbuss was a type of gun used primarily in Europe from the 1600's to the 1800's.


First Line:
Blunkett, David (1947-...), a Labour Party politician, became home secretary of the United Kingdom in 2001.


First Line:
Bly, Nellie (1867?-1922), was the pen name of Elizabeth Cochrane Seaman, an American journalist famous for her daring exposes.


First Line:
Bly, Robert (1926-...), is an American poet most widely known as a leader of the men's movement.


First Line:
B'nai B'rith, is the oldest and largest international Jewish service organization.


First Line:
Boa is the name of a group of snakes that vary greatly in size.


First Line:
Boa constrictor is a large snake that inhabits tropical parts of the Americas.


First Line:
Boabdil, (?-1533?), was the last king of Moorish Granada, now a province in southern Spain (see Granada).


First Line:
Boadicea, (?-A.D. 62), was queen of the Iceni, a tribe of Britons.


First Line:
Boar, Wild, is a wild hog of southwestern and central Asia and North Africa.


First Line:
Boas, Franz, (1858-1942), a German-born American, was the most influential U.S. anthropologist of the early and mid-1900's.


First Line:
Boating brings pleasure to millions of people every year.


First Line:
Bob Jones University is a Christian, coeducational liberal arts institution in Greenville, S.C. It is the largest fundamentalist school in the world, with about 5,500 students from the United States and more than 40 other nations.


First Line:
Bobcat is a North American wildcat named for its short tail, which resembles a bob, or knob.


First Line:
Bobolink is a North American songbird related to blackbirds and orioles.


First Line:
Bobsledding is a fast, dangerous winter sport in which teams of two or four persons ride down a steep, icy course in steel and fiberglass sleds.


First Line:
Boccaccio, Giovanni, (1313?-1375), is generally considered the first great writer of prose in a modern language.


First Line:
Boccherini, Luigi, (1743-1805), was an Italian composer and cellist.


First Line:
Boccioni, Umberto, (1882-1916), is considered the greatest Italian sculptor of the early 1900's.


First Line:
Bode's, law is a scheme for representing the approximate distances of the planets from the sun.


First Line:
Bodhisattva, in the Buddhist religion, is a person who strives to become a Buddha.


First Line:
Bodleian, Library is the main library of Oxford University at Oxford, England.


First Line:
Bodoni, Giambattista, (1740-1813), an Italian printer and type designer, became the most celebrated printer in Europe atthe end of the 1700's.


First Line:
Bodybuilding, or weight-training, is a sport and form of recreation in which people develop their muscles by lifting weights.


First Line:
Boehmeria, is a group of plants in the nettle family.


First Line:
Boeing, William Edward (1881-1956), was an American industrialist.


First Line:
Boeotia, was a district of ancient Greece that lay northwest of Athens.


First Line:
Boer, War also called the South African War, was fought from 1899 to 1902.


First Line:
Boers, are people of Dutch, German, or French ancestry who live in South Africa.


First Line:
Bog is a type of wetland in which the soil is acidic, lacking in oxygen, and low in minerals.


First Line:
Bogart, Humphrey (1899-1957), was an American motion-picture actor.


First Line:
Bogota, (pop. 3,982,941), is the capital and largest city of Colombia.


First Line:
Bohemia, is a region in the western part of the Czech Republic.


First Line:
Bohr, Niels (1885-1962), was a noted Danish physicist who developed a theory about the structure of the atom.


First Line:
Bohrium is an artificially produced radioactive element with 107 protons--that is, with an atomic number of 107.


First Line:
Boil is a painful infection of the skin and tissues under the skin.


First Line:
Boileau-Despreaux, Nicolas, (1636-1711), was a French poet and critic of the Classical Age.


First Line:
Boiler is a metal container in which a liquid is heated and changed into a vapor.


First Line:
Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid bubbles and changes into vapor.


First Line:
Boise, (pop. 185,787; met. area pop. 432,345), is the capital and largest city of Idaho.


First Line:
Boito, Arrigo, (1842-1918), was an Italian composer, author, and poet.


First Line:
Bolero, was originally a Spanish folk dance.


First Line:
Boleyn, Anne (1507?-1536), was the second, and most famous, of King Henry VIII's six wives.


First Line:
Bolger, Jim (1935-...), served as prime minister of New Zealand from 1990 to 1997.


First Line:
Bolivar, Simon, (1783-1830), was one of South America's greatest generals.


First Line:
Bolivia, is a country near the center of South America.


First Line:
Boll, Heinrich (1917-1985), a German author, won the 1972 Nobel Prize for literature.


First Line:
Boll weevil is a small beetle that feeds inside the bolls (seed pods) of cotton plants.


First Line:
Bologna, (pop. 404,378), a city in northern Italy, lies in a region of pleasant climate and fruitful soil.


First Line:
Bologna, University of, in Bologna, Italy, is one of the oldest universities in the world.


First Line:
Bolometer, is a device similar to a highly sensitive thermometer.


First Line:
Bolsheviks, were members of a group that became the Communist Party in Russia.


First Line:
Bolshoi, Ballet of Moscow is one of two major ballet companies in Russia.


First Line:
Bolsover, (pop. 69,000) is a local government district in Derbyshire, England.


First Line:
Bolt is a type of fastener formed of a metal rod that has an enlarged head at one end and a screw thread at the other.


First Line:
Bolton (pop. 253,300) is a local government district in Greater Manchester, England.


First Line:
Boltzmann, Ludwig (1844-1906), was an Austrian theoretical physicist.


First Line:
Bomber is a military airplane that attacks targets on land or at sea.


First Line:
Bomoh is a person who provides cures for illness in Malaysian and Indonesian villages.


First Line:
Bonaventure, Saint (1221-1274), was a medieval theologian and religious leader.


First Line:
Bond is a certificate issued by a business company or government promising to pay back money it has borrowed.


First Line:
Bond, in chemistry, is the attraction that holds atoms together in groups of two or more.


First Line:
Bond, Carrie Jacobs (1862-1946), was an American composer best known for her sentimental popular songs.


First Line:
Bond, Julian (1940-...), is an African American civil rights leader.


First Line:
Bondar, Roberta (1945-...), a doctor of medicine, became the first Canadian woman to travel in space.


First Line:
Bonded warehouse is a facility used to store goods on which the goods' owner must pay the government a tax or duty.


First Line:
Bonderizing is a process of coating a metal with a protective material.


First Line:
Bondfield, Margaret Grace (1873-1953), was a British Labour politician who became the first woman member of the Cabinet, as minister of labor from 1929 to 1931.


First Line:
Bonding is a method of protecting the government, individuals or companies against loss through the dishonesty of others or the failure of others to fulfill certain contracts or obligations.


First Line:
Bonds, Barry (1964-...), holds the major league record for home runs in a season with 73.


First Line:
Bone is a hard substance that forms the framework of the bodies of animals with backbones, including human beings.


First Line:
Bone bank is a medical supply of bone that can be used in surgical operations.


First Line:
Bone marrow transplant is a medical procedure in which diseased or defective bone marrow is replaced with healthy marrow.


First Line:
Bonefish is a type of fish that lives in shallow waters of most tropical and subtropical seas.


First Line:
Boneset, is a flowering plant that grows wild in meadows and lowlands.


First Line:
Bonfils, Frederick Gilmer (1860-1933), was an American newspaper editor who became famous for sensational presentation of news.


First Line:
Bongo drums are high-pitched percussion instruments.


First Line:
Bonheur, Rosa (1822-1899), a French artist, was the most successful female painter of her time.


First Line:
Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, (1906-1945), was a German theologian whose strong opposition to Nazism cost him his life.


First Line:
Boniface VIII (1235?-1303) was elected pope in 1294.


First Line:
Boniface, Saint (675-754), was an English-born Christian missionary noted for his work in Germany.


First Line:
Bonin Islands, include 97 volcanic islands that are about 600 miles (970 kilometers) south of Tokyo.


First Line:
Bonington, Richard Parkes (1801-1828), an English landscape painter, might have won fame during his lifetime had he not died so young.


First Line:
Bonito, is a large fish that lives in the open sea.


First Line:
Bonn (pop. 292,234) is a city in west-central Germany.


First Line:
Bonnard, Pierre, (1867-1947), was a French painter and graphic artist.


First Line:
Bonnet, Stede (?-1718), was a retired British Army officer who became a pirate, probably to escape his Barbados Island home.


First Line:
Bonneville, Benjamin de (1796-1878), was an American soldier, trader, and explorer.


First Line:
Bonneville, Dam lies on the Columbia River about 40 miles (64 kilometers) east of Portland, Oregon.


First Line:
Bonsai, is the art of growing miniature trees or other plants in containers or on rocks.


First Line:
Bontemps, Arna Wendell (1902-1973) was an African-American author who edited or wrote over 30 books on black culture.


First Line:
Bonus is a payment given in addition to what is normally due a person, particularly an employee.


First Line:
Booby is any of six large diving birds that live near warm oceans.


First Line:
Book consists of written or printed sheets of paper or some other material fastened together along one edge so it can be opened at any point.


First Line:
Book of Kells is an illuminated (decorated) manuscript of the four Gospels and related material in Latin.


First Line:
Book report is a discussion and evaluation of a book, usually as a school assignment.


First Line:
Book review is an article published in a newspaper or periodical that announces the publication of a new book, tells what it is about, and evaluates it.


First Line:
Book Week is a week set aside each year in November to promote the interest of young people in reading good books.


First Line:
Bookbinding is the process of putting the pages of a book between covers.


First Line:
Booker T. Washington National Monument was established in 1956 as a tribute to the great black educator, reformer, and writer. It lies near Roanoke, Va., and includes the site of the plantation on which Washington was born a slave in 1856.


First Line:
Bookkeeping is the systematic process of analyzing, recording, and summarizing the economic transactions of a business or other organization.


First Line:
Bookmobile is a vehicle that brings library materials and services to people.


First Line:
Bookplate is a printed label pasted in a book as a mark of ownership.


First Line:
Boolean algebra is a mathematical system used to solve problems in logic, probability, and engineering.


First Line:
Boom town is a town that has grown up suddenly.


First Line:
Boomerang is a curved, flat implement that is thrown as a weapon or for sport.


First Line:
Boone, Daniel (1734-1820), is one of the most famous pioneers in United States history.


First Line:
Bootes, is a constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere.


First Line:
Booth, Edwin Thomas (1833-1893), ranks among the greatest actors in American theater history.


First Line:
Booth, Evangeline Cory (1865-1950) was the first woman to serve as general (director) of the Salvation Army.


First Line:
Booth, John Wilkes (1838-1865), assassinated President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C., on April 14, 1865.


First Line:
Booth, Junius Brutus (1796-1852), was an English actor who gained fame in both the United States and England.


First Line:
Booth, William (1829-1912), an English preacher and social reformer, founded the Salvation Army.


First Line:
Boothia, Peninsula lies in Canada's territory of Nunavut.


First Line:
Borah, William Edgar (1865-1940), an American statesman, was a leader in the United States Senate for almost 33 years.


First Line:
Borax is an important compound of the element boron.


First Line:
Borazon, is an artificially produced crystal that has the hardness of a diamond.


First Line:
Bordeaux, (pop. 213,274; met. area pop. 685,456), is a commercial city in southwestern France.


First Line:
Borden (pop. 829) is the main port of entry to the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island.


First Line:
Borden, Lizzie (1860-1927), was the defendant in one of the most celebrated murder trials in United States history.


First Line:
Borden, Sir Robert Laird (1854-1937), served as prime minister of Canada throughout World War I. As prime minister from 1911 to 1920, Borden made his greatest achievements in helping Canada win a more independent role in world affairs.


First Line:
Border collie is a breed of dog commonly used to herd sheep.


First Line:
Border Patrol, United States, is a uniformed enforcement agency within the Immigration and Naturalization Service of the Department of Justice.


First Line:
Border terrier is one of the oldest English breeds of terriers.


First Line:
Borg, Bjorn, (1956-...), became one of the greatest players in the history of tennis.


First Line:
Borg Olivier, Georgie (1911-1980), a Maltese politician, helped to negotiate Malta's independence from the United Kingdom.


First Line:
Borges, Jorge Luis, (1899-1986), was an Argentine man of letters.


First Line:
Borgia, Cesare, (1475?-1507), was an Italian political leader and a cruel, ambitious man.


First Line:
Borgia, Lucrezia, (1480-1519), was an Italian noblewoman and the daughter of Pope Alexander VI. People who hated her powerful father and her cruelly ambitious brother, Cesare Borgia, told lies about Lucrezia to ruin her reputation.


First Line:
Borglum, Gutzon, (1867-1941), was an American sculptor best known for creating the Mount Rushmore National Memorial in South Dakota.


First Line:
Borlaug, Norman Ernest (1914-...), an American agricultural scientist, received the 1970 Nobel Peace Prize for developing new and higher-yielding varieties of wheat.


First Line:
Borman, Frank (1928-...), commanded the United States Apollo 8 space flight, which circled the moon in 1968.


First Line:
Bormann, Martin (1900-1945?), was one of the most powerful leaders in Nazi Germany during World War II (1939-1945).


First Line:
Born, Max (1882-1970), was a German physicist who played a major role in developing quantum mechanics.


First Line:
Borneo, is the third largest island in the world.


First Line:
Borodin, Alexander (1833-1887), was a Russian composer.


First Line:
Boron, is an extremely hard, nonmetallic element.


First Line:
Borromini, Francesco, (1599-1667), was a major Italian architect during the baroque period of the 1600's.


First Line:
Borzoi, also called Russian wolfhound, is a dog originally bred in Russia to chase down game animals.


First Line:
Bosch, Hieronymus, (1450?-1516), was a Dutch painter.


First Line:
Bosnia-Herzegovina, is a country in southeastern Europe.


First Line:
Boson, is any member of a certain class of atomic and subatomic particles.


First Line:
Bosporus, is a strait in northwestern Turkey that connects the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara.


First Line:
Boston is the capital of Massachusetts and the largest city in New England.


First Line:
Boston Massacre was not a massacre but the killing in a street clash of several colonists by a squad of British soldiers.


First Line:
Boston Port Act was a law passed by the British Parliament in 1774.


First Line:
Boston Post Road was any of the first three mail routes to serve colonial America.


First Line:
Boston Tea Party was a raid by American colonists on three ships in Boston Harbor on Dec. 16, 1773.


First Line:
Boston terrier is a small dog with a smooth dark coat.


First Line:
Boswell, James (1740-1795), was a Scottish author who wrote what is probably the most brilliant biography in the English language, The Life of Samuel Johnson (1791).


First Line:
Bot fly is the name of various kinds of harmful flies.


First Line:
Botanic Garden, United States, in Washington, D.C., exhibits more than 10,000 plants, including over 2,000 rare species and varieties.


First Line:
Botanical, garden is a garden in which plants are grown chiefly for scientific, educational, and artistic purposes.


First Line:
Botany, is the branch of biology concerned with the study of plants.


First Line:
Botany Bay is a body of water about 5 miles (8 kilometers) wide on the east coast of Australia.


First Line:
Botha, Louis, (1862-1919), served as the first prime minister of the Union of South Africa, from 1910 to 1919.


First Line:
Botha, Pieter Willem, 1916-...), served as the head of South Africa's government from 1978 to 1989.


First Line:
Bothwell, Earl of (1536?-1578), a Scottish Protestant nobleman, was the third husband of Mary, Queen of Scots (see Mary, Queen of Scots).


First Line:
Botswana, is a country in the center of southern Africa.


First Line:
Bottger, Johann Friedrich, (1682-1719), a German chemist, was the first European to produce porcelain (see Porcelain).


First Line:
Botticelli, Sandro, (1444?-1510), was an Italian Renaissance painter who lived and worked in Florence.


First Line:
Bottle is a container for holding liquids.


First Line:
Bottle tree is an Australian tree whose trunk looks like a round bottle.


First Line:
Botulism, is a kind of food poisoning that affects the nervous system and results from improperly canned or preserved food.


First Line:
Bouchard, Lucien, (1938-...), served as the leader of the Parti Quebecois, Quebec's powerful separatist party, and the premier of Quebec from 1996 to 2001.


First Line:
Boucher, Francois, (1703-1770), was a leading painter in France during the 1700's.


First Line:
Boucicault, Dion, (1820?-1890), was an Irish American playwright, actor, and theater manager.


First Line:
Bougainville, is the largest of the Solomon Islands.


First Line:
Bougainvillea, is the name of a group of South American shrubs and climbing vines.


First Line:
Boulding, Kenneth Ewart (1910-1993), was an American economist whose writings have influenced many scholars.


First Line:
Boulez, Pierre (1925-...), is a leading avant-garde (experimental) composer.


First Line:
Bourassa, Henri, (1868-1952), was a French-Canadian journalist and political leader.


First Line:
Bourbon, was the name of a French royal family, some of whose members ruled in France, Spain, Naples, and Sicily.


First Line:
Bourguiba, Habib, (1903-2000), served as president of Tunisia from 1957 to 1987.


First Line:
Bourke-White, Margaret (1904-1971), was an American news photographer.


First Line:
Bournemouth (pop. 154,400) is a popular holiday resort near Dorset on the south coast of England.


First Line:
Boutros-Ghali, Boutros, (1922-...), a diplomat from Egypt, was secretary-general of the United Nations (UN) from 1992 through 1996.


First Line:
Bouvier des Flandres, is a breed of dog that originated in Belgium.


First Line:
Bowditch, Nathaniel (1773-1838), an American mathematician and astronomer, is known for his extensive revision of The Practical Navigator, which he renamed The New American Practical Navigator in 1802.


First Line:
Bowen (pop. 14,158) is a coastal resort town, 118 miles (190 kilometers) south of Townsville, in Queensland, Australia.


First Line:
Bowell, Sir Mackenzie, (1823-1917), served as prime minister of Canada from December 1894 to April 1896.


First Line:
Bowen, Elizabeth (1899-1973), was an Anglo-Irish author of novels and short stories about the problem of personal relationships in the modern world.


First Line:
Bowen Basin is a large geological structure in Australia that extends south from Collinsville in Queensland, toward the Queensland-New South Wales border.


First Line:
Bowerbird is the name of 18 species of birds that live in Australia, New Guinea, and neighboring islands.


First Line:
Bowfin, is a large freshwater fish that lives in eastern North America.


First Line:
Bowhead whale is a large whale that lives in the Arctic Ocean.


First Line:
Bowie, James (1796?-1836), became known for his role in the Texas Revolution.


First Line:
Bowie, knife was a popular hunting tool and weapon of the American frontier.


First Line:
Bowling is one of the oldest and most popular indoor sports.


First Line:
Box, also called boxwood, is the name of about 30 species of slow-growing evergreen shrubs or small trees.


First Line:
Boxelder is a species of maple whose leaves differ from those of other maples.


First Line:
Boxelder bug is an insect that lives throughout the eastern and midwestern parts of the United States.


First Line:
Boxer is a medium-sized dog of a breed developed in Germany.


First Line:
Boxer Rebellion was a bloody uprising in northern China in 1900 in which hundreds of Chinese and more than 200 people from other countries were killed.


First Line:
Boxing is a sport in which two fighters battle with their fists.


First Line:
Boxing Day is a holiday celebrated in Britain, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada.


First Line:
Boy Scouts is an organization that teaches young people to be good citizens and trains them to become leaders.


First Line:
Boycott is a refusal to deal with an individual, organization, or country.


First Line:
Boyd is a family famous for its contributions to the arts in Australia.


First Line:
Boyd, Belle (1843-1900), was a Confederate spy.


First Line:
Boyle, Robert (1627-1691), an Irish scientist, is considered the founder of modern chemistry.


First Line:
Boyne, Battle of the, was the decisive battle in the struggle between former King James II of England and his successor, William III, for the control of Ireland.


First Line:
Boys & Girls Clubs of America is a nonprofit youth organization that provides support services to local Boys & Girls Clubs and communities throughout the United States.


First Line:
Boys' Brigade is an international organization for boys from 6 through 18 years old.


First Line:
Boys State is a program of citizenship training of the American Legion.


First Line:
Bozeman, Trail, was a route that travelers of the 1860's used to reach gold fields in Montana and Idaho.


First Line:
Brace, Charles Loring (1826-1890), an American social reformer, worked to improve the living conditions of poor children.


First Line:
Brachiosaurus, was a gigantic, plant-eating dinosaur that lived about 150 million years ago in what are now Africa and North America.


First Line:
Brack, John (1920-...), an Australian painter and printmaker, became known for his precise and beautifully ordered compositions.


First Line:
Bracknell Forest (pop. 93,800) became a unitary authority with all the local government powers within its boundaries in 1998.


First Line:
Bradbury, Ray (1920-...), is an American author best known for his fantasy stories and science fiction.


First Line:
Braddock, Edward (1695-1755), an English general, led British and colonial troops in a disastrous expedition against Fort Duquesne during the French and Indian War (see French and Indian wars).


First Line:
Braddock, James J. (1905-1974), an American boxer, defeated Max Baer in 1935 to become the world heavyweight champion. His victory, a 15-round decision, ranks as one of the biggest upsets in sports history and earned him the nickname "The Cinderella Man."


First Line:
Bradford, Roark (1896-1948), was an American author known for his tales about black life in the South.


First Line:
Bradford, William (1590-1657), was the second governor of Plymouth Colony, the settlement established by the Pilgrims in 1620.


First Line:
Bradford, William (1663-1752), was a printer who played an important role in the beginnings of journalism in the American Colonies.


First Line:
Bradford, William, III (1722-1791), was an American publisher and a leading patriot during the Revolutionary War in America.


First Line:
Bradley, Bill (1943-...), a New Jersey Democrat, served in the United States Senate from 1979 to 1997.


First Line:
Bradley, Francis Herbert (1846-1924), was a British idealistic philosopher.


First Line:
Bradley, James (1693-1762), was an English astronomer.


First Line:
Bradley, Omar Nelson (1893-1981), commanded the largest fighting force ever amassed in battle under the American flag.


First Line:
Bradley, Thomas (1917-1998), was the first African-American mayor of Los Angeles.


First Line:
Bradstreet, Anne Dudley (1612?-1672), was the first important American poet.


First Line:
Brady, Diamond Jim (1856-1917), was an American businessman famous for his extravagant lifestyle.


First Line:
Brady, Mathew B. (1823?-1896), was a famous American photographer. He is recognized as one of the first great photographers of American historical subjects.


First Line:
Brady, Nicholas Frederick (1930-...), was United States secretary of the treasury from 1988 to 1993.


First Line:
Braga, (pop. 86,316), is a city in northwestern Portugal.


First Line:
Bragg, Braxton (1817-1876), was a Confederate general during the Civil War.


First Line:
Bragg, Sir William Henry (1862-1942), was a British physicist.


First Line:
Brahe, Tycho, (1546-1601), was a Danish astronomer.


First Line:
Brahman, is the name of the most absolute, abstract form of God in the Hindu religion.


First Line:
Brahmaputra, River, is an important waterway of southern Asia.


First Line:
Brahms, Johannes, (1833-1897), was one of the greatest composers of the late 1800's.


First Line:
Braiding is one of the simplest methods of interlacing yarn or other fibers.


First Line:
Braille, is a code of small, raised dots on paper that can be read by touch.


First Line:
Braille, Louis (1809-1852), was a blind Frenchman who invented the braille system of printing and writing for the blind.


First Line:
Brain is the master control center of the body.


First Line:
Braintree (pop. 115,700) is a local government district in central Essex, England.


First Line:
Brainwashing is a method of influencing people to change their beliefs and accept as true what they previously had considered false.


First Line:
Brake is a device that slows or stops a moving object.


First Line:
Bramante, Donato (1444-1514), was an architect and painter of the Italian Renaissance.


First Line:
Bramble is the name of a group of low, woody shrubs or vines that belongs to the rose family.


First Line:
Bran is the firm outer coat of kernels of barley, corn, oat, rice, wheat, and other cereal grains.


First Line:
Brancusi, Constantin (1876-1957), was a Romanian-born sculptor.


First Line:
Brandeis, Louis Dembitz, (1856-1941), was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1916 to 1939.


First Line:
Brandenburg is a state in east-central Germany.


First Line:
Brando, Marlon (1924-...), became the leading American actor of his generation.


First Line:
Brandon (pop. 38,567) is the second largest city in Manitoba.


First Line:
Brandt, Willy (1913-1992), was elected chancellor of West Germany in 1969.


First Line:
Branson (pop. 6,050), a town in the Ozark Mountains of southwest Missouri, ranks as a world center of country and contemporary music.


First Line:
Brant, also spelled brent, is the name of two wild North American geese.


First Line:
Brant, Joseph (1742-1807), was a Mohawk Indian leader.


First Line:
Braque, Georges (1882-1963), was a French artist.


First Line:
Brasilia, (pop. 1,803,478), is the capital of Brazil and one of the world's leading examples of large-scale city planning.


First Line:
Brass is an alloy (mixture) of copper and zinc.


First Line:
Bratislava, or Pressburg (pop. 409,100), is the capital and largest city of Slovakia.


First Line:
Brattain, Walter Houser (1902-1987), an American physicist, helped invent the transistor.


First Line:
Braun, Eva, (1912-1945), was the mistress of Adolf Hitler, dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945.


First Line:
Braxton, Carter (1736-1797), an American statesman, was a Virginia signer of the Declaration of Independence.


First Line:
Brazil, is the largest country in South America in both area and population.


First Line:
Brazil nut, also called para nut, comes from a large, evergreen tree found mainly in forests near the Amazon River and its tributaries in northern Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela.


First Line:
Brazilwood is the common name of several dyewood trees of Brazil.


First Line:
Brazzaville, (pop. 596,200), is the capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo, also known as Congo (Brazzaville).


First Line:
Breach of promise is the legal term for breaking an agreement to marry.


First Line:
Breach of the peace is a term that includes disorderly conduct but is broader in its scope.


First Line:
Breadfruit is a tropical fruit native to the Pacific Islands.


First Line:
Breakwater is a wall that protects a harbor, coast, or offshore structure from strong waves.


First Line:
Bream is the name of various kinds of stout-bodied fish.


First Line:
Brearley, David (1745-1790), a lawyer and judge from New Jersey, was a signer of the Constitution of the United States.


First Line:
Breast is an organ specially designed to produce milk to feed a baby.


First Line:
Breast cancer is an uncontrolled, potentially deadly division of cells in the breast.


First Line:
Breasted, James Henry (1865-1935), an American archaeologist, became one of the world's leading authorities on the archaeology and history of Egypt and the Near East.


First Line:
Brebeuf, Saint Jean de, (1593-1649), was a French Jesuit missionary and martyr.


First Line:
Brecht, Bertolt, also spelled Bertold (1898-1956), was an important German playwright.


First Line:
Breckinridge, John Cabell (1821-1875), was vice president of the United States and, later, a Confederate general in the American Civil War.


First Line:
Breckinridge, Sophonisba (1866-1948), was a pioneer teacher of social work in the United States.


First Line:
Brecknock (pop. 41,300) is a local government district in Powys, Wales.


First Line:
Breda, (pop. 129,125; met. area pop. 165,729), is a Dutch city about 27 miles (43 kilometers) southeast of Rotterdam.


First Line:
Breeding is the careful selection and pairing of plants, animals, and other organisms to improve the usefulness of their offspring.


First Line:
Breedlove, Craig (1937-...), became one of the world's fastest automobile drivers in the 1960's.


First Line:
Bremen, (pop. 551,219), is a commercial and industrial city in northwestern Germany.


First Line:
Brennan, William Joseph, Jr. (1906-1997), served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1956 to 1990. He was appointed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.


First Line:
Brenner Pass straddles the border between Austria and Italy at the eastern end of the Alps.


First Line:
Brest (pop. 153,099; met. area pop. 201,480) is a seaport city on the northwest coast of France.


First Line:
Brethren is the name for several Protestant groups that developed from the Pietist movement in Germany in the 1600's and 1700's.


First Line:
Brethren, Church of the, was organized in Germany in 1708 by Alexander Mack.


First Line:
Breton, Andre, (1896-1966), was a French author and critic associated with two important movements in the arts.


First Line:
Breton, Jules Adolphe, (1827-1906), was a French painter known for his sentimental scenes of peasant life.


First Line:
Bretton Woods is the popular name for the International Monetary Conference held at Bretton Woods, N.H., in July 1944.


First Line:
Breuer, Marcel Lajos (1902-1981), was a Hungarian-born architect, furniture designer, and teacher.


First Line:
Brewing is the process used to make such alcoholic malt beverages as lager beer and ale.


First Line:
Brewster, William (1567?-1644), a spiritual leader of Plymouth Colony, was a founder of the Congregational Church in America.


First Line:
Breyer, Stephen Gerald (1938-...), became an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States in 1994.


First Line:
Brezhnev, Leonid Ilyich, (1906-1982), headed the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1964 until his death.


First Line:
Brian Boru, (940?-1014), was an Irish tribal chief who became King of Munster after 976, and High King of Ireland after 1002.


First Line:
Briard, is a dog that was first bred in France, probably in the 800's.


First Line:
Bribery is the crime of giving or receiving something of value to influence official action.


First Line:
Bribie Island lies off the southeastern coast of Queensland, Australia.


First Line:
Brice, Fanny (1891-1951), was an American comedienne and singer in musical comedy and on radio.


First Line:
Brick is a rectangular building block made of clay, shale, or various other materials.


First Line:
Bricker, John William (1893-1986), was the Republican candidate for Vice President of the United States in 1944.


First Line:
Bridal wreath is a shrub that belongs to the rose family.


First Line:
Bridalveil Fall is one of the most beautiful sights of Yosemite National Park, Calif.


First Line:
Bridge is a structure used by people and vehicles to cross areas that are obstacles to travel.


First Line:
Bridge is a popular card game played by four persons who form two teams of two partners each.


First Line:
Bridge of Sighs is a beautiful bridge in Venice, Italy.


First Line:
Bridgeport, Connecticut (pop. 139,529; met. area pop. 459,479), is the largest city in the state and a major industrial and commercial center.


First Line:
Bridger, Jim (1804-1881), a hunter, trapper, fur trader, and guide, was one of the greatest American frontiersmen.


First Line:
Bridges, Harry (1901-1990), served as president of the International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union (ILWU) from 1938 to 1977.


First Line:
Bridget, Saint, is the name of two saints of the Roman Catholic Church.


First Line:
Bridgetown (pop. 6,720) is the capital and largest city of Barbados.


First Line:
Bridgman, Laura Dewey (1829-1889), was the first deaf and blind child to be successfully educated in the United States.


First Line:
Bridgman, Percy Williams (1882-1961), an American physicist and philosopher of science, won the 1946 Nobel Prize in physics for his experiments on high-pressure phenomena.


First Line:
Brief, in law, is a document that is submitted to a court by a party to a civil or criminal lawsuit.


First Line:
Brier, also called tree heath, is a shrubby plant of the heath family.


First Line:
Brieux, Eugene, (1858-1932), was a French playwright.


First Line:
Brig is a two-masted sailing vessel with square sails.


First Line:
Brigade, is a military unit larger than a battalion and smaller than a division.


First Line:
Brigham City, (pop. 17,411), is located in northern Utah at the foot of the Wasatch mountain range.


First Line:
Brigham, Young University, is a coeducational school in Provo, Utah.


First Line:
Bright, John (1811-1889), was an English orator, reformer, and liberal politician.


First Line:
Bright, Richard (1789-1858), an English physician, won recognition in 1827 when he pointed out the connection between diseased kidneys, albumin in the urine, and dropsy.


First Line:
Brink, Carol Ryrie (1895-1981), an American author of children's books, received the 1936 Newbery Medal for Caddie Woodlawn.


First Line:
Brisbane, (pop. 1,488,883), is the capital of Queensland, a state of Australia.


First Line:
Brisbane, Arthur (1864-1936), was one of the first syndicated newspaper columnists in the United States.


First Line:
Bristle is the term for the coarse, stiff hair used in various kinds of brushes.


First Line:
Bristlecone pine is an evergreen tree that grows at high altitudes in the Western United States.


First Line:
Bristol, (pop. 370,300), is an industrial city and seaport in southwestern England.


First Line:
Bristol Channel is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that lies between Wales and southwestern England.


First Line:
Britannia metal is an alloy consisting of a minimum of 90 percent tin and up to 8 percent antimony and 2 percent copper.


First Line:
British America refers to those parts of North and South America that have political ties to the United Kingdom.


First Line:
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) broadcasts radio and television programs to audiences in the United Kingdom.


First Line:
British Cameroons was a United Nations trust territory on the west coast of Africa.


First Line:
British Columbia is Canada's third largest province.


First Line:
British Columbia, University of, is a coeducational university in Vancouver, British Columbia.


First Line:
British Indian Ocean Territory is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom.


First Line:
British Isles is a name often used for one of the world's chief island groups.


First Line:
British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom and one of the largest libraries in the world.


First Line:
British Museum, in London, is among the oldest of the world's great national museums.


First Line:
British North America Act served as the main written part of Canada's constitution from 1867 until 1982.


First Line:
British thermal unit, or Btu, is a unit used to measure heat in the inch-pound system of measurement customarily used in the United States.


First Line:
British West Indies is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea.


First Line:
Brittany is a region in northwestern France.


First Line:
Brittany is a popular breed of hunting dog in the United States.


First Line:
Britten, Benjamin (1913-1976), also called Lord Britten, was a British composer famous for his vocal music, especially operas.


First Line:
Brittle star is a sea animal that resembles a starfish.


First Line:
Brno, (pop. 391,979), or Brunn, is the second largest city in the Czech Republic.


First Line:
Broad bean is a hardy annual plant that may grow 6 feet (1.8 meters) high.


First Line:
Broadcloth is a cotton or soft woolen fabric used for making coats, suits, shirts, and dresses.


First Line:
Brocade, is a cloth that has raised designs woven into it with heavy yarns.


First Line:
Broccoli, is a nutritious garden vegetable closely related to cauliflower.


First Line:
Brock, Sir Isaac (1769-1812), was a British general who helped save Upper Canada (now Ontario) from being captured by the United States in the War of 1812.


First Line:
Brodsky, Joseph (1940-1996), was a poet and essayist who won the 1987 Nobel Prize for literature.


First Line:
Brome is the name of about 150 kinds of grasses found mostly in the Northern Hemisphere.


First Line:
Bromeliad, is the name for any member of a large family of tropical plants.


First Line:
Bromfield, Louis (1896-1956), was an American novelist, gentleman farmer, and political writer.


First Line:
Bromide, is the name for a number of compounds made with bromine, a dark-red liquid (see Bromine).


First Line:
Bromine, is a reddish liquid chemical element.


First Line:
Bronchitis, is an inflammation of the mucous lining of the air passages in the lungs.


First Line:
Bronchodilator, is any of a group of drugs that open up the small breathing tubes in the lungs.


First Line:
Bronchoscope is an instrument used to examine the trachea and the bronchial tubes of the lungs.


First Line:
Bronco is a cowhand's term for a bad-tempered or untamed horse.


First Line:
Bronte, sisters were three sisters who became famous novelists--Charlotte (1816-1855), Emily (1818-1848), and Anne (1820-1849).


First Line:
Bronze is an alloy made primarily of copper and tin.


First Line:
Bronze Age was the period when people used bronze for tools and weapons.


First Line:
Brook Farm was an experimental socialist community established in 1841 near West Roxbury, Mass., 9 miles (14 kilometers) from Boston.


First Line:
Brooke, Edward William (1919-...), a Massachusetts Republican, served in the United States Senate from 1967 to 1979.


First Line:
Brooke, Frances (1724-1789), was an English author who wrote The History of Emily Montague (1769), the first novel in Canadian literature.


First Line:
Brooke, Leonard Leslie (1862-1940), an English portrait painter and water-colorist, is known best for his picture books.


First Line:
Brooke, Rupert (1887-1915), was an English poet whose career was cut short by his death in World War I (1914-1918).


First Line:
Brookhaven National Laboratory is a center for scientific research on Long Island, New York.


First Line:
Brookings Institution is a nonprofit organization engaged in nonpartisan study of economic, governmental, and international issues and the social sciences.


First Line:
Brooklyn is one of the five boroughs (districts) that make up New York City.


First Line:
Brooklyn Bridge is a suspension bridge over the East River.


First Line:
Brooks, Garth (1962-...), is an American country singer and songwriter who has demonstrated crossover appeal to popular music audiences as well as to country music fans.


First Line:
Brooks, Gwendolyn (1917-2000), was an American poet.


First Line:
Brooks, Van Wyck, (1886-1963), was an American writer best known for his books of literary criticism and social history.


First Line:
Broom is the name of a group of attractive shrubs that have slender, tough branches with small green leaves.


First Line:
Broom, Jacob (1752-1810), a farmer and businessman from Delaware, was a signer of the Constitution of the United States.


First Line:
Broom, Robert (1866-1951), was a Scottish anatomist and paleontologist.


First Line:
Brother Jonathan was a name for any patriotic American during and after the Revolutionary War in America (1775-1783).


First Line:
Brotherhood/Sisterhood Week is observed during the third week of February.


First Line:
Broun, Heywood Campbell, (1888-1939), was one of the nation's most widely read newspaper columnists in the early 1900's.


First Line:
Brown, Benjamin Gratz (1826-1885), was a candidate for vice president of the United States in 1872.


First Line:
Brown, Charles Brockden (1771-1810), was the first major American novelist.


First Line:
Brown, Edmund Gerald, Jr. (1938-...), was governor of California from 1975 to 1983. He was elected mayor of Oakland, California, in 1998.


First Line:
Brown, George (1818-1880), was a Canadian journalist and politician.


First Line:
Brown, Harold (1927-...), served as secretary of defense from 1977 to 1981 under President Jimmy Carter.


First Line:
Brown, James (1933-...), ranks among the most influential artists in popular music.


First Line:
Brown, Jesse (1944-...), served as United States secretary of veterans affairs from 1993 to 1997 under President Bill Clinton.


First Line:
Brown, Jim (1936-...), was one of the greatest runners in National Football League (NFL) history.


First Line:
Brown, John (1800-1859), was a radical abolitionist whose attempt to free the slaves cost a number of lives and helped indirectly to bring on the American Civil War.


First Line:
Brown, Marcia Joan (1918-...), is an American illustrator of children's books.


First Line:
Brown, Robert (1773-1858), was a Scottish botanist.


First Line:
Brown, Ronald Harmon (1941-1996), became the first African American to head a major United States political party when he was elected chairman of the Democratic Party's national committee in 1989.


First Line:
Brown dwarf is a dim heavenly object that has more mass than a planet but less mass than a star.


First Line:
Brown lung is a lung disease that affects many workers in cotton textile mills.


First Line:
Brown recluse, is a brownish, poisonous spider found in the United States.


First Line:
Brown thrasher is a songbird found east of the Rocky Mountains in southern Canada and the United States.


First Line:
Brown University is a privately endowed coeducational school located in Providence, Rhode Island.


First Line:
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a case decided in 1954 in which the Supreme Court of the United States declared racial segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional.


First Line:
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett (1806-1861), was a famous poet of Victorian England.


First Line:
Browning, John Moses (1855-1926), invented and designed more successful firearms than any other American.


First Line:
Browning, Robert (1812-1889), was one of the greatest poets of Victorian England.


First Line:
Browntail moth is a serious pest on fruit trees and shade trees in New England.


First Line:
Brubeck, Dave (1920-...), is an American pianist and composer.


First Line:
Bruce, Blanche Kelso (1841-1898), became the first black to serve a full term in the United States Senate.


First Line:
Bruce, Sir David (1855-1931), a British military surgeon and parasitologist, specialized in the study of tropical diseases.


First Line:
Bruce, Robert (1274-1329), was a Scottish king who spent most of his reign trying to free his kingdom from English rule.


First Line:
Brucellosis, is an infectious disease that occurs worldwide in both human beings and animals.


First Line:
Bruch, Max (1838-1920), was a German composer.


First Line:
Bruckner, Anton (1824-1896), was an Austrian composer of the romantic period.


First Line:
Bruegel, Pieter, the Elder (1525?-1569), was an important Flemish painter.


First Line:
Bruges, (pop. 116,724), is a picturesque city in Belgium.


First Line:
Bruhn, Erik (1928-1986), a Danish ballet dancer, was rated by many people to be the best male dancer of his time.


First Line:
Bruise is an injury to the skin and underlying tissues that produces bleeding under the skin.


First Line:
Brule, Etienne, (1592?-1633), a noted French adventurer, was the first European to reach Lake Ontario.


First Line:
Brummell, George Bryan (1778-1840), also known as Beau Brummell, was an Englishman who became famous for his fashionable lifestyle.


First Line:
Brunei, is a small country in Southeast Asia.


First Line:
Brunel, Isambard Kingdom, (1806-1859), was an English engineer.


First Line:
Brunelleschi, Filippo, (1377?-1446), was the first important architect of the Italian Renaissance.


First Line:
Brunhild, is a mythical heroine who appears in German legends dating from the A.D. 400's.


First Line:
Bruno, Giordano (1548-1600), was one of the most prominent philosophers of the Renaissance.


First Line:
Brunswick was the name of a distinguished German family descended from the Welf family (see Guelphs and Ghibellines).


First Line:
Brush is a device with hair, bristle, wire, or fiber set in a handle or in a round hub that attaches to a power tool.


First Line:
Brussels (pop. 134,856) is the capital of Belgium.


First Line:
Brussels griffon, is one of the breeds of small dogs that are classed as toy dogs.


First Line:
Brussels sprouts is a vegetable with a flavor like that of mild cabbage.


First Line:
Brut, was the great-grandson of Aeneas, the mythical Trojan hero and ancestor of the Roman people.


First Line:
Brutus, Marcus Junius, (85?-42 B.C.), was a Roman statesman and general who helped assassinate the Roman dictator Julius Caesar.


First Line:
Bryan, Charles Wayland (1867-1945), was the Democratic candidate for Vice President of the United States in 1924.


First Line:
Bryan, William Jennings (1860-1925), was a noted orator and statesman.


First Line:
Bryant, Paul (1913-1983), was one of the top coaches in the history of American college football.


First Line:
Bryant, William Cullen (1794-1878), was the first great American poet.


First Line:
Bryce, James (1838-1922), was a British historian and statesman.


First Line:
Bryce Canyon National Park, which lies in southern Utah, contains some of the world's most oddly shaped and beautifully colored rocks.


First Line:
Bryde's, whale is a long, slender whale that lives in tropical and subtropical seas.


First Line:
Bryophyte, is any of the group of small, nonflowering green plants made up of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.


First Line:
Bryozoan, is a type of water animal that lives only in colonies.


First Line:
Brzezinski, Zbigniew Kazimierz, (1928-...), was a key aide of United States President Jimmy Carter.


First Line:
Bubble chamber was a device that physicists once used extensively to study subatomic particles, units of matter smaller than an atom.


First Line:
Buber, Martin (1878-1965), was one of the greatest Jewish philosophers of modern times.


First Line:
Buchan, John (1875-1940), a British diplomat and author, served as governor general of Canada from 1935 to 1940.


First Line:
Buchanan, James (1791-1868), served as president in the critical years just before the American Civil War.


First Line:
Bucharest, (pop. 2,067,545; met. area pop. 2,350,984), is the capital and largest city of Romania.


First Line:
Buchenwald, was a concentration camp in Nazi Germany.


First Line:
Buchner, Georg, (1813-1837), a German writer, is considered a forerunner of the naturalism movement of the late 1800's.


First Line:
Buchwald, Art (1925-...), is an American newspaper columnist who specializes in political and social satire.


First Line:
Buck, Frank (1882-1950), was an American collector of, and authority on, wild animals.


First Line:
Buck, Pearl S. (1892-1973), an American author, won the 1938 Nobel Prize for literature. She became best known for her books dealing sympathetically with life in China.


First Line:
Buck Island Reef National Monument lies under water in a lagoon near the island of St. Croix in the Virgin Islands.


First Line:
Buckingham, Duke of (1592-1628), an English nobleman, was the real ruler of England during the later years of King James I's reign, which ended in 1625, and from 1625 to 1628 under King Charles I. His given and family name was George Villiers.


First Line:
Buckingham Palace is the London residence of the British monarch.


First Line:
Buckley, William F., Jr. (1925-...), an American editor and author, is one of the best-known spokesmen for political conservatism in the United States. He founded the magazine National Review in 1955 and served as its editor until 1990, when he resigned.


First Line:
Buckner, Simon Bolivar (1823-1914), was a lieutenant general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War.


First Line:
Buckskin is a velvetlike finished leather made from the skin of deer or elk.


First Line:
Bucktails were a powerful group in the Democratic-Republican Party in the state of New York from about 1816 to 1830.


First Line:
Buckthorn is the name of about 150 species of shrubs and small trees native to the Northern Hemisphere.


First Line:
Buckwheat is a plant grown for its starchy seeds.


First Line:
Bud is a cluster of developing leaves surrounding a growing point of a plant.


First Line:
Budapest, (pop. 1,995,696), is the capital and largest city of Hungary.


First Line:
Buddha, (563?-483? B.C.), is the title given to the founder of Buddhism, one of the world's great religions.


First Line:
Buddhism, is one of the major religions of the world.


First Line:
Budge, Don (1915-2000), was an American tennis player and the first man in history to win the world's four major tennis championships in one year.


First Line:
Budget is a financial plan that helps people make the best possible use of their money.


First Line:
Budget, Bureau of the, was a United States government agency that assisted the President in preparing the federal budget.


First Line:
Buenos Aires, (pop. 2,965,403; met. area pop. 10,934,727), is the capital and largest city of Argentina.


First Line:
Buffalo is the common name of several kinds of large wild oxen.


First Line:
Buffalo is the name of three species of large, dark-colored fish that live in fresh water.


First Line:
Buffalo, New York, is the second largest city in the state and a major industrial and transportation center in the United States.


First Line:
Buffalo Bill (1846-1917), whose real name was William Frederick Cody, was a frontiersman and noted marksman of the American West.


First Line:
Buffalo ceremonials were rites honoring the animals that provided food, shelter, and clothing to many Indian tribes.


First Line:
Buffalo Soldiers was a name given to the 9th and 10th cavalry regiments of the United States Army, which were made up of African American soldiers.


First Line:
Buffaloberry is the name of two species of shrubs or small trees found in parts of the United States and in Canada.


First Line:
Buffett, Warren Edward (1930-...), an American business executive, is chairman of the board of directors of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., a major U.S. holding company.


First Line:
Bug is the common name of all insects, but true bugs are insects of the order Hemiptera.


First Line:
Bugbane is a tall plant with large, broad leaves divided into many leaflets.


First Line:
Bugle is a wind instrument that consists of a curved brass or copper cone-shaped tube.


First Line:
Buick, David Dunbar (1855-1929), was a pioneering automobile manufacturer.


First Line:
Building construction. The construction of the homes and buildings in which people live and work has been a major industry ever since early human beings first made huts of sticks, mud, and rocks.


First Line:
Building permit is a license authorizing the construction of any building within the boundaries of an incorporated community.


First Line:
Building stone is one of the world's most important construction materials.


First Line:
Building trade is any one of the branches of a large section of industry concerned with the construction of public buildings, homes, bridges, canals, harbors, railways, reservoirs, streets and highways, sewers, and subways.


First Line:
Bujumbura, (pop. 151,000), is the capital and largest city of Burundi.


First Line:
Bulawayo, (pop. 620,000), is the second largest city and a major industrial center of Zimbabwe.


First Line:
Bulb is a round, underground structure that develops in certain flowering plants.


First Line:
Bulbul is any member of a family of about 120 species of tropical songbirds found in Africa and southern Asia.


First Line:
Bulfinch, Charles (1763-1844), is generally considered New England's greatest architect.


First Line:
Bulfinch, Thomas (1796-1867), was an American writer who became famous for his popular retelling of myths and legends for young people.


First Line:
Bulganin, Nikolai Aleksandrovich, (1895-1975), was premier of the Soviet Union from 1955 to 1958, when Nikita S. Khrushchev replaced him.


First Line:
Bulgaria, is a country on the Balkan Peninsula of southeastern Europe.


First Line:
Bulimia, is a disorder in which individuals experience frequent and uncontrollable periods of overeating called binges.


First Line:
Bull, in the Roman Catholic Church, is a decree or mandate issued by the pope on important or solemn occasions.


First Line:
Bull terrier is a medium-sized dog that originally was bred in England from the bulldog and the old white English terrier.


First Line:
Bulldog is a medium-sized dog with a thick, heavy, low-slung body.


First Line:
Bullet is a pointed cylinder of lead or other metal which is fired from a pistol, a revolver, a rifle, or a machine gun.


First Line:
Bullfighting is a contest between a bull and an individual called a matador.


First Line:
Bullfinch is a small European and Asiatic bird that can be taught to sing melodies.


First Line:
Bullfrog is the largest frog of the United States.


First Line:
Bullhead is the name given to six species of North American freshwater catfishes.


First Line:
Bullmastiff is a dog bred by crossing the bulldog and the mastiff.


First Line:
Bulrush is the name given to several plants of the sedge family.


First Line:
Bulwer-Lytton, Edward George Earle Lytton (1803-1873), was an English author.


First Line:
Bumble bee is a large, burly bee that often has mostly black and yellow coloring.


First Line:
Bunchberry, also called dwarf cornel, is a small plant in the dogwood family.


First Line:
Bunche, Ralph Johnson (1904-1971), was an American statesman.


First Line:
Bunin, Ivan, (1870-1953), was the first Russian to receive the Nobel Prize for literature.


First Line:
Bunion, is a hard swelling on the foot at the place where the great toe connects with the rest of the foot.


First Line:
Bunker Hill, Battle of, was the bloodiest battle of the Revolutionary War in America (1775-1783).


First Line:
Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm (1811-1899), was a German chemist.


First Line:
Bunsen burner is a gas burner used for heating substances in scientific laboratories.


First Line:
Bunshaft, Gordon (1909-1990), an American architect, greatly influenced the style of corporate architecture in the mid-1900's.


First Line:
Bunting is a name that is loosely used for various seed-eating birds.


First Line:
Bunuel, Luis (1900-1983), was a Spanish-born film director and writer.


First Line:
Bunyan, John (1628-1688), an English preacher, wrote The Pilgrim's Progress (1678, 1684).


First Line:
Bunyan, Paul, is a giant lumberjack in American folklore.


First Line:
Buoy, is a floating object which is anchored in the water to guide ships.


First Line:
Burbank, California (pop. 100,316), is a residential, commercial, and industrial city in the northern Los Angeles metropolitan area.


First Line:
Burbank, Luther (1849-1926), was an American plant breeder, nurseryman, and horticulturist.


First Line:
Burchfield, Charles Ephraim (1893-1967), was an American water-color painter of landscapes and rural life.


First Line:
Burdock is the name of several species of coarse, hairy weeds.


First Line:
Bureaucracy, is a system that carries out the functions of a government or a private organization.


First Line:
Burger, Warren Earl (1907-1995), served as chief justice of the United States from 1969 to 1986.


First Line:
Burgess, Anthony (1917-1993), was an English novelist and critic.


First Line:
Burgess, Thornton Waldo (1874-1965), was an American author of children's books about animals and wildlife.


First Line:
Burghley, Lord (1520-1598), also spelled Burleigh, was an English statesman.


First Line:
Burglar alarm is an electronic device that helps protect people and their property.


First Line:
Burglary is a crime that is defined differently by the laws of various states in the United States.


First Line:
Burgoyne, John (1722-1792), was a British general of the Revolutionary War in America (1775-1783).


First Line:
Burgundy is a historic region in east-central France.


First Line:
Burke, Edmund (1729-1797), a British statesman, influenced the history of Britain and many other countries.


First Line:
Burke, Richard (1932-...), an American-born Republic of Ireland politician, became a European Community commissioner in 1976.


First Line:
Burke, John (1859-1937), served from 1913 to 1921 as treasurer of the United States under President Woodrow Wilson.


First Line:
Burke and Hare were notorious murderers in the early 1800's.


First Line:
Burke's Peerage is a book which contains the names of all the peers and baronets of the United Kingdom and of some Irish peers.


First Line:
Burkina Faso, is a country in western Africa.


First Line:
Burlap is a coarse, heavy cloth woven with yarns made from fibers of the jute plant.


First Line:
Burleigh, Harry Thacker (1866-1949), was a black American composer and singer.


First Line:
Burlesque, was a popular form of variety entertainment in the United States during the early 1900's.


First Line:
Burlington (pop. 38,889; met. area pop. 169,391), is the largest city in Vermont and the home of the University of Vermont.


First Line:
Burma Road was built between 1937 and 1938 to carry war supplies to China for its war against Japan.


First Line:
Burn ranks among the most serious and painful injuries.


First Line:
Burne-Jones, Sir Edward (1833-1898), was a British painter whose precisely executed Romantic style made him one of the foremost artists of his day.


First Line:
Burnet, Sir Macfarlane, (1899-1985), an Australian physician and virologist, shared the 1960 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine with British biologist Peter Brian Medawar.


First Line:
Burnett, Frances Hodgson (1849-1924), was an English-born author best known for her children's novel Little Lord Fauntleroy (1886).


First Line:
Burney, Fanny (1752-1840), was an English author.


First Line:
Burnham, Daniel Hudson (1846-1912), was one of the chief members of the Chicago School of architecture.


First Line:
Burnley (pop. 89,000) is an industrial town in Lancashire, England.


First Line:
Burns, Arthur Frank (1904-1987), an economist and educator, was chairman of the Board of Governors of the United States Federal Reserve System from 1970 to 1978.


First Line:
Burns, John (1858-1943), a British politician and labor leader, was the first person from a working-class family to become a member of the British Cabinet.


First Line:
Burns, Robert (1759-1796), is the national poet of Scotland.


First Line:
Burnside, Ambrose Everett (1824-1881), was a Union general in the Civil War (1861-1865).


First Line:
Burpee, Lawrence Johnston (1873-1946), a Canadian historian, was largely responsible for establishing the Canadian Historical Association in 1922.


First Line:
Burr, Aaron (1756-1836), was Vice President of the United States from 1801 to 1805, under President Thomas Jefferson.


First Line:
Burroughs, Edgar Rice (1875-1950), an American author, created Tarzan, one of the most famous characters in fiction.


First Line:
Burroughs, John (1837-1921), an American naturalist, became widely recognized as a writer on outdoor life.


First Line:
Burroughs, William (1855-1898), an American businessman and inventor, developed the printing-adding machine.


First Line:
Bursitis, is a disorder that causes pain in the body's joints.


First Line:
Burton, Sir Richard Francis (1821-1890), was a British explorer and language expert who became famous for his travels in Africa and his translations of Arab literature.


First Line:
Burundi, is one of the smallest and most crowded countries in Africa.


First Line:
Bury (pop. 172,200) is a textile town in Lancashire, England.


First Line:
Burying beetle, also called sexton beetle, is a type of insect that buries small dead animals and birds.


First Line:
Bus is a vehicle that carries passengers along streets and highways.


First Line:
Bush is any woody plant that is smaller than a tree and does not climb.


First Line:
Bush, George Herbert Walker (1924-...), served as president of the United States from 1989 to 1993.


First Line:
Bush, George Walker (1946-...), was elected president of the United States in 2000 in one of the closest presidential elections in U.S. history.


First Line:
Bushel is the common measure of bulky articles of commerce, such as grain, in the United States.


First Line:
Bushmaster is a large, poisonous snake of Central America, tropical parts of South America, and Trinidad.


First Line:
Business includes the activities of all commercial producers of goods and services.


First Line:
Business and Professional Women's Clubs, National Federation of, promotes equal opportunity for women in all aspects of society.


First Line:
Business Council is a private organization of business executives.


First Line:
Business cycle is the pattern of the business activity of a nation's economy.


First Line:
Bussell, Grace (1860-1935), heroically rode a horse into raging surf to rescue passengers on the ship-wrecked steamer Georgette in December 1876.


First Line:
Bustard is the name of 22 species of game birds that live on the dry, open plains of Europe, Asia, Australia, and, especially, Africa.


First Line:
Butane and propane, are colorless, flammable gases.


First Line:
Bute, Earl of (1713-1792), served as British prime minister in 1762 and 1763.


First Line:
Butler, Benjamin Franklin (1818-1893), was an American politician and a Union general during the Civil War (1861-1865).


First Line:
Butler, Nicholas Murray (1862-1947), served as president of Columbia University from 1902 to 1945 and founded Teachers College, Columbia University.


First Line:
Butler, Pierce (1744-1822), a planter and statesman, was a South Carolina signer of the Constitution of the United States.


First Line:
Butler, R. A. (1902-1982), nicknamed Rab from his initials, was a British Conservative Party politician. As president of the Board of Education (1941-1945), he led the 1944 Education Act through Parliament.


First Line:
Butler, Samuel (1613-1680), was an English poet and satirist.


First Line:
Butler, Samuel (1835-1902), an English author, is best known for the satirical novel Erewhon (1872).


First Line:
Butler, William Orlando (1791-1880), was the Democratic candidate for Vice President of the United States in 1848.


First Line:
Butte, is a steep-sided hill or small mountain that stands alone, rising sharply above the surrounding countryside.


First Line:
Butte, Montana (pop. 34,606), is called The Mile High City and The City That's a Mile High and a Mile Deep.


First Line:
Buttercup, also called crowfoot, is a bright yellow wild flower found in most parts of the Temperate zones.


First Line:
Butterfish is a type of small, silvery-blue ocean fish shaped like a long serving plate with fins.


First Line:
Butterfly is one of the most beautiful of all insects.


First Line:
Butterflyfish is a colorful fish that lives around coral reefs in tropical, subtropical, and temperate seas.


First Line:
Buttermilk is the milky liquid remaining after cream has been churned to make butter.


First Line:
Butternut, or white walnut, is a medium-sized spreading tree that belongs to the walnut family.


First Line:
Butterwort is one of a group of plants that trap insects.


First Line:
Button is a disk or other object used to hold a garment closed.


First Line:
Buxtehude, Dietrich, (1637?-1707), was a composer and organist.


First Line:
Buzzard is a name given to many birds of prey.


First Line:
Byars, Betsy (1928-...), is an American author of children's books.


First Line:
Bylaws are the rules that make up the single governing document adopted by an organization.


First Line:
Byng, Julian Hedworth George (1862-1935), was governor general of Canada from 1921 to 1926.


First Line:
Byrd, Richard Evelyn (1888-1957), an American rear admiral, was an Antarctic and Arctic explorer, aviator, and navigator.


First Line:
Byrd, Robert Carlyle (1917-...), a Democrat from West Virginia, has been a member of the United States Senate since 1959.


First Line:
Byrd, William (1543-1623), was an English composer known for his religious music.


First Line:
Byrd, William, II (1674-1744), was a wealthy plantation owner and one of colonial Virginia's most prominent government officials.


First Line:
Byrne, Jane Margaret (1933-...), was the first woman mayor of Chicago.


First Line:
Byrnes, James Francis (1879-1972), is best remembered as secretary of state under President Harry S. Truman from 1945 to 1947.


First Line:
Byron, Lord (1788-1824), was the most colorful of the English Romantic poets.


First Line:
Byzantine, art is the Eastern Christian art that flourished during the time of the Byzantine Empire, from the 300's to the 1400's.


First Line:
Byzantine Empire was a continuation of the Roman Empire.


First Line:
Cabal, is a close-knit group of people who work privately or secretly to carry out their own plans.


First Line:
Cabbage is a common vegetable native to England and northwestern France, but grown throughout Europe, Asia, and America.


First Line:
Cabbage palm is a type of palm tree that grows in Cuba, the Bahamas, and the Southeastern United States.


First Line:
Cabell, James Branch (1879-1958), was an American author.


First Line:
Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar Nunez, (1490?-1557?), was a Spanish explorer in the Americas.


First Line:
Cabinda, is a district of Angola and a major oil-producing area.


First Line:
Cabinet is a group of advisers who help the head of a government establish policies and make decisions.


First Line:
Cable, in electricity and communications, is an insulated bundle of wires or threadlike fibers that carry electric current or pulses of light.


First Line:
Cable, George Washington (1844-1925), was an American writer known for his books about Creoles, who were Louisiana natives descended from French and Spanish settlers.


First Line:
Cable car is a passenger vehicle that is pulled by a constantly moving wire cable.


First Line:
Cabot, is the family name of two navigators, father and son, who made important explorations in the Western Hemisphere.


First Line:
Cabral, Pedro Alvares, (1467?-1528?), was a Portuguese navigator who sailed to Brazil in 1500 and claimed it for Portugal.


First Line:
Cabrillo, Juan Rodriguez, (?-1543), led the first European expedition to explore the coast of what is now California.


First Line:
Cabrillo, National Monument, in California, honors the Portuguese-born explorer Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, who served Spain.


First Line:
Cabrini, Saint Frances Xavier, (1850-1917), was the first United States citizen to be made a saint by the Roman Catholic Church.


First Line:
Cacao, is an evergreen tree whose seeds, or beans, are used to make chocolate and cocoa.


First Line:
Cactus is any of a family of plants that are native to North and South America and usually have clusters of spines.


First Line:
Caddo  Indians formed a group of allied tribes that once lived in Louisiana, Arkansas, and Texas.


First Line:
Cadet, is a student in officer's training at the United States Military and Air Force academies.


First Line:
Cadillac, Antoine de Lamothe, (1658-1730), was a French colonizer, administrator, and fur trader who founded Detroit.


First Line:
Cadiz, (pop. 153,550), is a major port city in southern Spain.


First Line:
Cadmium, is a soft, silvery-white metallic element used for alloys and plating.


First Line:
Cadmus, in Greek mythology, was the son of Agenor, the king of Tyre, a city in Phoenicia.


First Line:
Caedmon, was an English poet who lived in England in the late 600's.


First Line:
Caernarvonshire, was a county in northwestern Wales.


First Line:
Caesar, was a title which came from the family name of Julius Caesar, who ruled Rome as a monarch without a crown from 49 to 44 B.C.


First Line:
Caesar, Julius (100?-44 B.C.), was one of ancient Rome's greatest generals and statesmen.


First Line:
Caffeine, is an odorless, slightly bitter solid.


First Line:
Cage, John (1912-1992), was perhaps the most radical and controversial modern American composer.


First Line:
Cagney, James (1899-1986), an American motion-picture actor, became famous for his roles as a cocky tough guy.


First Line:
Cain was the eldest son of Adam and Eve in the Old Testament, or Hebrew Bible.


First Line:
Cain, James M. (1892-1977), was an American author known for his tough, realistic crime fiction. Cain gained immediate fame with his first novel, The Postman Always Rings Twice (1934).


First Line:
Cairn terrier is a breed of dog that originated in the highlands and island regions of Scotland.


First Line:
Cairo, (pop. 6,800,000), is the capital of Egypt.


First Line:
Caisson, in building, is a watertight chamber that is used in the construction of building foundations, bridges, tunnels, and other structures.


First Line:
Cajuns, are a group of people in southern Louisiana and Texas who are descendants of French settlers called Acadians.


First Line:
Calabash, is a gourd that grows on a long tropical vine.


First Line:
Caladium, is a group of foliage plants that grow in tropical America.


First Line:
Calais, (pop. 75,836), a seaport in northern France, is closer to England than any other city in mainland Europe.


First Line:
Calamity Jane (1852-1903) was the nickname of Martha Canary, a notorious American frontierswoman.


First Line:
Calcimine, also spelled Kalsomine, was the forerunner of modern latex paints.


First Line:
Calcination, is the process of heating a substance to a high temperature but below its melting point.


First Line:
Calcite is a mineral that occurs in small amounts in most types of rocks and makes up the largest part of limestone and marble.


First Line:
Calcium, is a soft, silvery-white metallic element found most widely in such rocks as limestone and marble.


First Line:
Calcium carbide, is a hard, brittle, crystalline compound made of calcium and carbon.


First Line:
Calcium carbonate, is a white, crystalline mineral.


First Line:
Calcium channel blocker is a drug used to treat certain disorders of the heart and blood vessels.


First Line:
Calculator is a device that adds, subtracts, multiplies, and divides with accuracy and speed.


First Line:
Calculus, is the branch of mathematics that deals with changing quantities.


First Line:
Calcutta, also called Kolkata (pop. 4,399,819; met. area 11,021,918), is the third largest city of India.


First Line:
Caldecott, Randolph (1846-1886), was an English illustrator of children's books.


First Line:
Caldecott Medal is an annual award for the most distinguished picture book for children published during the previous year.


First Line:
Calder, Alexander (1898-1976), was one of the first American sculptors of international significance, and one of the best-known American artists of the 1900's.


First Line:
Calderon de la Barca, Pedro, (1600-1681), was a Spanish playwright, and the last great writer of Spain's Golden Age.


First Line:
Calderone, Mary Steichen (1904-1998), an American physician, won fame for her efforts to promote sex education in schools.


First Line:
Caldwell, Erskine, (1903-1987), was an American author best known for the sensationalism of his novels about rural Southern life.


First Line:
Caldwell, Sarah (1924-....), is an American opera director and conductor.


First Line:
Caledonia, is the ancient Roman name for northern Scotland.


First Line:
Calendar is a system of measuring and recording the passage of time.


First Line:
Calendula, is a group of herbs of the composite family.


First Line:
Calgary, is the oil center of Canada and the largest city in the province of Alberta.


First Line:
Calgary, University of, is a coeducational university in Calgary, Canada.


First Line:
Calhoun, John Caldwell (1782-1850), of South Carolina, was a major American political figure before the American Civil War.


First Line:
Calico is a cotton fabric of plain weave.


First Line:
Califano, Joseph Anthony, Jr. (1931-...), served as United States secretary of health, education, and welfare (HEW) from 1977 to 1979 under President Jimmy Carter. One of Califano's chief concerns as secretary of HEW was to streamline the huge government


First Line:
California has more people than any other state of the United States.


First Line:
California, University of, is a state-supported coeducational institution with nine campuses.


First Line:
California Institute of Technology is a private coeducational university in Pasadena, California.


First Line:
California State University is the largest state-supported system of four-year and graduate-level higher education in the United States.


First Line:
Californium is an artificially produced radioactive element.


First Line:
Caligula, (A.D. 12-41), was a Roman emperor.


First Line:
Caliper, is an instrument much like a geometry compass.


First Line:
Calisthenics, are exercises that help strengthen and stretch body muscles.


First Line:
Calla, is a flowerlike herb with a white, yellow, or pink leaf shaped like a funnel or bell.


First Line:
Callaghan, James (1912-...), served as prime minister of Britain from 1976 to 1979.


First Line:
Callaghan, Morley (1903-1990), was a Canadian novelist.


First Line:
Callao, (pop. 640,000), is one of the largest cities of Peru and the country's chief port.


First Line:
Callas, Maria (1923-1977), became one of the world's best-known opera sopranos.


First Line:
Calligraphy, is the art of beautiful writing.


First Line:
Calliope is a musical instrument that consists of a set of tuned whistles controlled by either a keyboard or a mechanical playing system like that of a player piano.


First Line:
Callot, Jacques, (1592-1635), was a major French printmaker.


First Line:
Callus, is a hardening and thickening of the skin.


First Line:
Calms, Regions of, are places in the atmosphere which usually have little or no wind.


First Line:
Calorie is a unit that is used to measure heat energy in the metric system of measurement.


First Line:
Calvary, called Golgotha in Hebrew, is the spot outside ancient Jerusalem where Jesus Christ was crucified.


First Line:
Calvert, Cecilius (1605?-1675), also called Cecil Calvert, was an Englishman who founded the colony of Maryland.


First Line:
Calvert, Charles (1637-1715), the third Lord Baltimore, was an Englishman who became proprietor of the colony of Maryland.


First Line:
Calvert, George (1580?-1632), the first Lord Baltimore, was an Englishman who played an important part in establishing the colony of Maryland.


First Line:
Calvin, John (1509-1564), was one of the chief leaders of the Protestant Reformation.


First Line:
Calypso, is a type of music that originated on the island of Trinidad, in the Caribbean Sea.


First Line:
Cambodia, is a country in Southeast Asia.


First Line:
Cambridge, (pop. 98,700), is a city in England and the home of Cambridge University.


First Line:
Cambridge, Massachusetts (pop. 101,355), stands on the Charles River, opposite Boston.


First Line:
Camden is a borough within Greater London.


First Line:
Cambridge University is a world-famous British university.


First Line:
Camcorder is a portable video camera with a built-in videotape recorder.


First Line:
Camden (pop. 79,904) is an industrial city in southern New Jersey.


First Line:
Camellia, is a group of about 80 evergreen trees or shrubs native to eastern Asia.


First Line:
Camelot, was the most famous castle in the medieval legends about King Arthur of Britain.


First Line:
Camel's-hair cloth is a soft, medium-weight woolen cloth made from the fur of the Bactrian camel.


First Line:
Camera is an instrument used for taking photographs, making motion pictures, or transmitting images.


First Line:
Camera lucida, is a sketching device that consists of a four-sided prism and a magnifying glass, both attached to a frame.


First Line:
Camera obscura, is a box used for sketching large objects or scenes.


First Line:
Cameron, Julia Margaret (1815-1879), a British photographer, pioneered in the field of artistic photography.


First Line:
Cameroon, is a country on the west coast of Africa.


First Line:
Camomile, is a group of small plants that are sometimes used in folk medicine.


First Line:
Camouflage, is the art of disguising or hiding military equipment and troops from an enemy.


First Line:
Camp David is the official retreat of the president of the United States.


First Line:
Camp Fire Boys and Girls is an organization for boys and girls in the United States.


First Line:
Camp H. M. Smith, Hawaii, serves as headquarters of the United States Pacific Command. This unified command controls American military forces from the Arctic Ocean to the South Pole, and from the west coast of the United States to the Indian Ocean.


First Line:
Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, serves as home base and training center for a combat division and a force service support group of the United States Fleet Marine Forces, Atlantic.


First Line:
Camp meeting was an outdoor religious gathering held in the United States, chiefly in the 1800's.


First Line:
Camp Pendleton, Calif., houses a combat division and other units of the United States Marine Corps.


First Line:
Campanula, or little bell, is a group of slender plants that grow wild in Europe, Asia, and North America.


First Line:
Campbell, Ben Nighthorse (1933-...), a Northern Cheyenne Indian chief, has been a member of the United States Senate since 1993.


First Line:
Campbell, Donald (1921-1967), became the first speedboat racer to exceed 200 mph (320 kph) and live to tell about it.


First Line:
Campbell, Joseph (1904-1987), was a famous American authority on mythology.


First Line:
Campbell, Kim (1947-...), served as prime minister of Canada in 1993, the first woman ever to hold that office.


First Line:
Campbell, Mrs. Patrick (1865-1940), was a British stage actress.


First Line:
Campbell, William Wallace (1862-1938), an American astronomer, was director of the Lick Observatory in California from 1901 to 1923.


First Line:
Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry (1836-1908), served as prime minister of Britain from 1905 to 1908.


First Line:
Campeche, is a Mexican state in the Yucatan Peninsula with an area of 20,012 square miles (51,833 square kilometers).


First Line:
Camphor, is a substance that comes from the camphor tree.


First Line:
Campin, Robert (1375?-1444), was an important painter of altarpieces and portraits in northern Europe.


First Line:
Camping is a popular form of outdoor recreation.


First Line:
Camus, Albert, (1913-1960), was a French journalist, essayist, philosopher, novelist, and playwright who was associated with the existentialist movement (see Existentialism).


First Line:
Canaanites, were a people mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament.


First Line:
Canada is the second largest country in the world in area.


First Line:
Canada, Armed Forces of, are responsible for defending Canada and its interests throughout the world.


First Line:
Canada, Government of. Canada combines a federal form of government with a cabinet system.


First Line:
Canada, History of. Canada's history is an exciting story that traces the development of a vast wilderness into a great nation.


First Line:
Canada Day, one of Canada's most important national holidays, is celebrated on July 1 of each year.


First Line:
Canada goose is the common wild goose of North America.


First Line:
Canada thistle is one of the most troublesome of weeds.


First Line:
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) is the national public broadcasting service in Canada.


First Line:
Canadian Education Association is a national association of education authorities in Canada.


First Line:
Canadian Library Association (CLA) is a national organization that provides leadership in library and information services in Canada.


First Line:
Canadian literature reflects the varied background of Canada's people and the diverse geography and regions of the country.


First Line:
Canadian Shield is a huge, rocky region that curves around Hudson Bay like a giant horseshoe.


First Line:
Canary is one of the most popular bird pets.


First Line:
Canary Islands make up two provinces of Spain.


First Line:
Canasta, is the name of a high-scoring card game that originated in Uruguay.


First Line:
Canberra, (pop. 298,847), is the capital of Australia and the nation's leading example of large-scale city planning.


First Line:
Cancellation is a method of shortening mathematical problems by striking out terms or factors.


First Line:
Cancer is a disease in which cells multiply wildly, destroy healthy tissue, and endanger life.


First Line:
Cancer is the fourth sign of the zodiac.


First Line:
Cancer Society, American, is a voluntary health organization dedicated to the control and elimination of cancer.


First Line:
Cancun, is one of Mexico's most popular resorts.


First Line:
Candela, is the unit of measurement of luminous intensity, the amount of light produced in a certain direction by a glowing object.


First Line:
Candle is an object made of wax or a similar material that is burned to give light.


First Line:
Candlemas Day, is a Christian festival observed on February 2.


First Line:
Candytuft is the name of about 30 species of plants native to southern Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia.


First Line:
Canine parvovirus, also called parvovirus, is a contagious disease that affects dogs.


First Line:
Canisius, Saint Peter (1521-1597), was the founder of the first German house of Jesuits, and the foremost promoter of the reform of the Roman Catholic Church in south German lands.


First Line:
Canker sore is a small, painful sore on the tongue or inside the mouth.


First Line:
Cankerworm is the larva (caterpillar) of a moth.


First Line:
Canna, is a tall ornamental plant with brilliantly colored flowers.


First Line:
Cannes, (pop. 69,363), is a luxurious resort city on the French Riviera in southeastern France.


First Line:
Cannibal is a person who eats human flesh.


First Line:
Cannizzaro, Stanislao, (1826-1910), was an Italian chemist who helped define important chemical principles.


First Line:
Cannock Chase (pop. 87,400), a local government district in Staffordshire, England, gets its name from an area of wild woodland and moorland.


First Line:
Cannon is a weapon of more than 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) in caliber that has a barrel, breech, and firing mechanism.


First Line:
Cannon, Annie Jump (1863-1941), was considered the leading American female astronomer of her generation.


First Line:
Cannon, Joseph Gurney (1836-1926), an Illinois Republican, served in the United States House of Representatives for 46 years of the 50 years from 1873 to 1923.


First Line:
Cannon-ball tree is a South American tree that bears large, round fruits that resemble cannonballs.


First Line:
Canoeing is a popular sport in which one or more people paddle a light, narrow boat called a canoe.


First Line:
Canola oil is a vegetable oil made from the seeds of the canola plant.


First Line:
Canon, is a musical composition in which two or more voices or instruments repeat a melody.


First Line:
Canonization is a proclamation in the Roman Catholic Church by which a person famous for holiness is understood to be in heaven.


First Line:
Canova, Antonio (1757-1822), was one of the most famous and influential European sculptors of the Napoleonic period.


First Line:
Cantata, is a form of dramatic vocal music.


First Line:
Canterbury is the ancient religious center of Britain.


First Line:
Canterbury bell is a type of flowering plant with blue, pink, or white bell-shaped flowers.


First Line:
Canterbury Tales is a group of stories by the English poet Geoffrey Chaucer.


First Line:
Cantilever, is a structure that is supported at one end by a downward force.


First Line:
Canton is a political division in some countries of Europe.


First Line:
Canton (pop. 80,806; met. area pop. 406,934) is an industrial and trading center in northeastern Ohio.


First Line:
Canute, (994?-1035), also spelled Cnut, became king of England in 1016.


First Line:
Canvasback is a large duck that lives in North America.


First Line:
Canyon, also spelled canon, is a deep valley with steep sides.


First Line:
Canyon de Chelly  National Monument, is in northeastern Arizona.


First Line:
Canyonlands National Park lies in southeast Utah.


First Line:
Cap-Haitien, (pop. 64,406), is the second largest city of Haiti.


First Line:
Capacitor, is a device that can store electric charge.


First Line:
Cape is a body of land that extends prominently into a lake, sea, or ocean.


First Line:
Cape Breton  Island, is a large island off the Atlantic coast of Canada.


First Line:
Cape Canaveral is a point of land that juts into the Atlantic Ocean from the east coast of Florida.


First Line:
Cape Cod is a hook-shaped peninsula on the coast of Massachusetts.


First Line:
Cape Cod Canal is one of the world's widest artificial waterways.


First Line:
Cape Hatteras, is a scenic promontory at the southeastern tip of Hatteras Island, which is part of the Outer Banks.


First Line:
Cape Horn is the most southerly part of South America.


First Line:
Cape of Good Hope is a peninsula in South Africa that lies about 100 miles (160 kilometers) northwest of Cape Agulhas, the southern tip of Africa.


First Line:
Cape Province is a historic region in South Africa.


First Line:
Cape Town (pop. 854,616; met. area pop. 1,869,144) is the legislative capital of South Africa and one of the country's largest cities.


First Line:
Cape Verde, is an African country that consists of 10 main islands and 5 tiny islands.


First Line:
Cape York is a mountainous, ice-covered point of land that extends into Baffin Bay.


First Line:
Capek, Karel, (1890-1938), a Czech author, became famous for introducing the word robot into the modern vocabulary.


First Line:
Capelin, is a small, silvery saltwater fish that lives in the cold seas surrounding the North Pole.


First Line:
Caper, is a pickled flower bud used as a seasoning in salads and in sauces, including tartar sauce.


First Line:
Capetian  dynasty, is the name given to a long line of kings that ruled France from 987 to 1328.


First Line:
Capildeo, Rudranath (1920-1970), was a Trinidadian mathematician, lawyer, and politician.


First Line:
Capillarity, is the tendency of liquids to move into or out of tiny, hairlike passageways.


First Line:
Capillary, is the smallest blood vessel in the body.


First Line:
Capital refers to anything that produces a "stream of income" over time for individuals or communities.


First Line:
Capital gains tax is a tax on income from the sale of capital assets, which include stocks, bonds, real estate, and partnerships.


First Line:
Capital punishment is punishment by death for committing a crime.


First Line:
Capitalism is an economic model that calls for control of the economy by individual households and privately owned businesses.


First Line:
Capitalization means the use of capital (large) letters in writing.


First Line:
Capitol is the government building where a legislature makes laws.


First Line:
Capitol, United States, is the building where Congress meets.


First Line:
Capitol Reef National Park lies near Torrey, Utah.


First Line:
Capone, Al (1899-1947), was one of the most famous and powerful gangsters in United States history.


First Line:
Capote, Truman (1924-1984), was an American author known for his distinctive, polished style.


First Line:
Capp, Al (1909-1979), was an American cartoonist who created the comic strip "Li'l Abner."


First Line:
Capra, Frank (1897-1991), was an American motion-picture director.


First Line:
Capri, (pop. 12,400), is an Italian island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, at the entrance of the Gulf of Naples.


First Line:
Capricorn, is the 10th sign of the zodiac.


First Line:
Caps and gowns are the official and traditional costumes for students in many nations.


First Line:
Captain Jack (1837-1873) was a leader of the Modoc Indians.


First Line:
Capuchin, also called sapajou, is the name of four species of monkeys that are found in Central and South America.


First Line:
Capuchins, are members of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, a Roman Catholic religious order.


First Line:
Capulin Volcano National Monument, is in northeastern New Mexico.


First Line:
Capybara, is the largest of all rodents.


First Line:
Caracal, is a member of the cat family related to the lynxes.


First Line:
Caracara, is the name given to several large birds of South and Central America and the Southern United States.


First Line:
Caracas, (pop. 1,824,892; met. area pop. 2,784,042), is the capital, largest city, and economic center of Venezuela.


First Line:
Caradon (pop. 75,800) is a local government area in southeast Cornwall, England, that has several seaside resorts.


First Line:
Caramanlis, Constantine (1907-1998), also spelled Karamanlis, was a Greek political leader.


First Line:
Carat, is a measure used by jewelers in weighing precious stones.


First Line:
Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da, (1573-1610), was an Italian painter known for the powerful realism of his religious pictures.


First Line:
Caravan is a long train of people and pack animals that travel together for safety through difficult or dangerous country.


First Line:
Caravel, was a type of ship used for trading on the Mediterranean Sea from the 1300's through the 1600's.


First Line:
Caraway, Hattie Ophelia Wyatt, (1878-1950), was the first woman elected to the United States Senate.


First Line:
Carbide, is a chemical compound made up of carbon and a metal.


First Line:
Carbine, is a short, light-weight version of the United States Army's M16 rifle.


First Line:
Carbohydrate, is one of the three main classes of nutrients that provide energy to the body.


First Line:
Carbon is one of the most familiar and important chemical elements.


First Line:
Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas.


First Line:
Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and extremely poisonous gas.


First Line:
Carbon-monoxide detector, also called a CO detector, is a device designed to monitor levels of carbon monoxide inside homes.


First Line:
Carbon tetrachloride, is a clear, colorless liquid that does not burn.


First Line:
Carbonate, is any compound that contains the carbonate ion.


First Line:
Carbuncle, is a painful infection of the skin and tissues just under the skin.


First Line:
Carburetor is a part of an internal combustion engine that delivers a mixture of fuel and air for burning.


First Line:
Carcassonne, (pop. 44,991), is a city in southern France that includes one of the finest examples in Europe of a medieval walled town.


First Line:
Card game is a game of chance or skill played with oblong pieces of thin cardboard.


First Line:
Cardamom, is the fruit of several plants in the ginger family.


First Line:
Cardboard is a popular name for any stiff paper or paperboard that is more than 0.012 inch (0.3048 millimeter) thick.


First Line:
Cardenas, Lazaro, (1895-1970), served as president of Mexico from 1934 to 1940.


First Line:
Cardiff, (pop. 272,600), is the capital and largest city of Wales, a division of the United Kingdom.


First Line:
Cardigan Welsh corgi, is a small, strong breed of dog that was first raised in Cardiganshire, Wales.


First Line:
Cardinal is one of a group of Roman Catholic clergymen who serve as counselors to the pope and rank next to him within the church.


First Line:
Cardinal is a bird common throughout the eastern half of North America.


First Line:
Cardinal flower is a tall plant that grows in wet or moist soil along springs and in meadows, marshes, and roadside areas.


First Line:
Cardiology, is a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the heart.


First Line:
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency first-aid procedure used to deliver oxygen-carrying blood to the heart and brain in a person whose breathing and heartbeat have stopped.


First Line:
Cardozo, Benjamin Nathan (1870-1938), served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1932 until his death.


First Line:
Carducci, Giosue, (1835-1907), an Italian poet, scholar, and literary critic, won the 1906 Nobel Prize for literature.


First Line:
CARE is a private, nonprofit agency founded in 1945 by 22 leading cooperative, labor, relief, and religious organizations.


First Line:
Career education is instruction intended to help young people identify, choose, and prepare for a career.


First Line:
Careers are the patterns of work and work-related activities that people develop throughout a lifetime.


First Line:
Cargo cults is the name given to a large number of intense and short-lived religious movements in the South Pacific islands.


First Line:
Carib Indians, were a warlike group of South American tribes who lived mainly in the Amazon River Valley and the Guiana lowlands.


First Line:
Caribbean  Sea, is a part of the Atlantic Ocean between the West Indies and Central and South America.


First Line:
Caribou, is the French-Canadian name for a large deer of North America that is closely related to the reindeer.


First Line:
Caricature, in art, is a picture that exaggerates or distorts the physical features or peculiarities of a person or object.


First Line:
Carillon, is a set of 23 or more stationary bells arranged to play music.


First Line:
Carl XVI Gustaf, (1946-...), became king of Sweden in 1973.


First Line:
Carleton, Sir Guy (1724-1808), was a British general and governor in Canada.


First Line:
Carlile, Wilson (1847-1942), an English clergyman, founded the Church Army, a religious and charitable organization organized on a military pattern.


First Line:
Carlisle (pop. 99,800) is a city and local government area in Cumbria, England.


First Line:
Carlsbad Caverns National Park, in southeastern New Mexico, is famous for its many caverns, or caves.


First Line:
Carlyle, Thomas (1795-1881), was a Scottish essayist and historian.


First Line:
Carman, Bliss (1861-1929), was a Canadian poet whose verse praises the beauty and power he saw in nature.


First Line:
Carmarthen, is a town in southwest Wales.


First Line:
Carmel, California (pop. 4,081), is a seaside community on the Monterey Peninsula, south of San Francisco.


First Line:
Carmelites, are members of several Roman Catholic orders of men and women.


First Line:
Carmichael, Hoagy (1899-1981), was an American composer of popular songs.


First Line:
Carmichael, Stokely (1941-1998), became a spokesman for the doctrine of Black Power.


First Line:
Carnation is a tall, colorful flower with many blossoms.


First Line:
Carneades, (213?-129? B.C.), was a Greek philosopher.


First Line:
Carnegie, Andrew (1835-1919), a Scottish-born American, was a leading steel manufacturer and one of the wealthiest individuals of his time.


First Line:
Carnegie, Dale (1888-1955), was a pioneer in public speaking and personality development.


First Line:
Carnegie Corporation of New York is a philanthropic foundation for "the advancement and diffusion of knowledge and understanding."


First Line:
Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching is an organization that seeks to promote the cause of education and the dignity of the teaching profession.


First Line:
Carnelian, is a red or reddish-brown quartz which can be cut and polished as a jewel.


First Line:
Carnival is a traditional form of outdoor amusement that consists of exhibits, games, rides, and shows.


First Line:
Carnivore, is any animal that eats chiefly meat.


First Line:
Carnivorous plant, is any plant that traps insects for food.


First Line:
Carob, is a dark evergreen tree that grows in countries along the Mediterranean Sea.


First Line:
Carol I (1839-1914) ruled Romania from 1866 until his death.


First Line:
Carol II (1893-1953) was king of Romania from 1930 to 1940.


First Line:
Caroline Islands (pop. 137,000) are an archipelago of more than 930 islands in the Pacific Ocean.


First Line:
Carolingian art was a style of art created in the late 700's and the 800's in France and western Germany.


First Line:
Carp is the name of several large, hardy fish native to rivers and other inland waters of Europe and Asia.


First Line:
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common disorder that causes pain and interferes with the use of the hand.


First Line:
Carpathian, Mountains are part of the great mountain system of central Europe.


First Line:
Carpenter, M. Scott (1925-...), one of the first United States astronauts, was the second American to circle the earth in a spacecraft. John Glenn was the first.


First Line:
Carpenters and Joiners of America, United Brotherhood of, is one of the unions of the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations.


First Line:
Carpentry is the building and repairing of structures.


First Line:
Carpetbaggers was a term of scorn and hostility used by white Southerners to describe Northerners active in the Republican Party in the South after the American Civil War.


First Line:
Carr, Emily (1871-1945), was a noted Canadian painter and writer.


First Line:
Carranza, Venustiano, (1859-1920), became Mexico's "First Chief" in 1914, after leading a revolt against the government of Victoriano Huerta.


First Line:
Carriage is a horse-drawn vehicle used for the transportation of people.


First Line:
Carrick (pop. 82,700) is a local government district in Cornwall, England, that includes Falmouth, Penryn, and Truro.


First Line:
Carrickfergus (pop. 32,299) is a local government district in Northern Ireland.


First Line:
Carrier pigeon is a bird originally bred from pigeons used to carry messages from one place to another.


First Line:
Carroll was the family name of three early American leaders, two brothers and their cousin.


First Line:
Carroll, Lewis, was the pen name of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (1832-1898), an English author.


First Line:
Carrot is a plant with an orange root that is eaten as a vegetable.


First Line:
Carson, Johnny (1925-...), a popular American entertainer, became famous as host of "The Tonight Show" on television.


First Line:
Carson, Kit (1809-1868), was a famous American frontiersman.


First Line:
Carson, Rachel (1907-1964), was an American marine biologist and science writer.


First Line:
Carson City (pop. 52,457) is the capital of Nevada and a tourist center.


First Line:
Cartagena, (pop. 166,736) stands on a beautiful bay of the Mediterranean Sea in southeastern Spain.


First Line:
Cartel, is an association formed among producers in a particular industry to control the market for their product.


First Line:
Carter, Don (1926-...), an American bowler, was voted the greatest bowler of all time in 1970 in a poll of bowling writers.


First Line:
Carter, Elliott (1908-...), is one of the leading American composers of the 1900's.


First Line:
Carter, Howard (1874-1939), an English archaeologist, specialized in excavating ancient Egyptian tombs.


First Line:
Carter, Jimmy (1924-...), was elected president of the United States in 1976, climaxing a remarkable rise to national fame.


First Line:
Carthage, was one of the greatest cities of ancient times.


First Line:
Carthusians, are members of a Roman Catholic order of monks, nuns, and lay brothers and sisters.


First Line:
Cartier, Sir George Etienne, (1814-1873), was a French-Canadian political leader.


First Line:
Cartier, Jacques, (1491?-1557), was a French navigator.


First Line:
Cartier-Bresson, Henri, (1908-...), is a French photographer known for his ability to capture the significance of an event by the arrangement of people and objects in a scene.


First Line:
Cartilage, commonly called gristle, is a bluish-white rubbery tissue found in human beings and animals that have backbones.


First Line:
Cartography is the making and study of maps.


First Line:
Cartoon is a drawing or series of drawings that tells a story or expresses a message.


First Line:
Cartouche, in architecture, is an ornament shaped like a scroll with rolled-up ends.


First Line:
Cartridge is a metal or paper case that holds a charge of explosive powder and a bullet or a charge of shot.


First Line:
Cartwright, Edmund (1743-1823), was an English inventor and clergyman.


First Line:
Caruso, Enrico, (1873-1921), an Italian tenor, was one of the greatest opera stars of the 1900's.


First Line:
Carver, George Washington (1864?-1943), was a black American scientist who won international fame for his agricultural research.


First Line:
Carver, John (1576?-1621), became the first governor of Plymouth Colony immediately after the signing of the Mayflower Compact in 1620.


First Line:
Carver, Raymond (1938-1988), was an American author known for his short stories.


First Line:
Cary, Joyce (1888-1957), ranks among the leading British novelists of the mid-1900's.


First Line:
Cary, Mary Ann Shadd (1823-1893), was an American teacher and journalist known for helping fugitive slaves living in Canada.


First Line:
Casa Grande, Ruins National Monument, in southern Arizona, includes the ruins of a caliche (concrete) tower that was built by Indians who irrigated and farmed the land in the Gila Valley 600 years ago.


First Line:
Casaba, is a type of muskmelon sometimes called winter melon.


First Line:
Casablanca, (pop. 2,738,477) is the largest city in Morocco and a major port in North Africa.


First Line:
Casals, Pablo, (1876-1973), a Spanish cellist, was one of the greatest musicians of his time.


First Line:
Casanova, Giacomo, (1725-1798), was an Italian adventurer and author.


First Line:
Cascade Range is a chain of mountains that extends between Lassen Peak in northern California and the Fraser River in southern British Columbia.


First Line:
Cascara sagrada, is an important medicinal plant found in the Northwestern United States.


First Line:
Case is a feature of nouns and pronouns that helps show their relation to other parts of speech in a sentence.


First Line:
Case method, in law schools, is a system of learning the law through the study of actual cases.


First Line:
Casement, Roger (1864-1916), was an official in the British consular service who later became an Irish revolutionary.


First Line:
Cash, Johnny (1932-...), is an American singer, guitarist, and composer.


First Line:
Cash register is a device that records and displays information about the sale of goods or services.


First Line:
Cashew, is a bean-shaped nut that grows on a tropical evergreen tree.


First Line:
Cashmere, is a fiber made from the soft undercoat of Cashmere goats.


First Line:
Cashmere, goat is a long-haired goat, famous for its fine, silky wool.


First Line:
Casper (pop. 49,644; met. area pop. 66,533) is the second largest city in Wyoming.


First Line:
Caspian, Sea, a great salt lake below sea level, is the largest inland body of water in the world.


First Line:
Cass, Lewis (1782-1866), was the Democratic candidate for President in 1848, but he lost the election to Zachary Taylor.


First Line:
Cassandra, was the daughter of Priam and Hecuba, king and queen of Troy in Greek and Roman mythology.


First Line:
Cassatt, Mary (1844-1926), was an American painter who spent much of her career in France.


First Line:
Cassava, is a type of small shrub with thick roots that are eaten like potatoes or used to make tapioca.


First Line:
Cassia, is the name of a group of plants found mainly in warm and tropical regions.


First Line:
Cassino, (pop. 32,787), is an Italian town about 75 miles (121 kilometers) southeast of Rome.


First Line:
Cassiopeia, is an easily seen constellation of the Northern Hemisphere.


First Line:
Cassiterite, is the only important ore mineral of tin.


First Line:
Cassius Longinus, Gaius, (?-42 B.C.), was a Roman general and statesman who, with Marcus Junius Brutus, led the conspiracy against Julius Caesar.


First Line:
Cassowary, is a large, shy bird that lives in the thick forests of Australia, New Guinea, and nearby islands.


First Line:
Cast and casting. Casting is a method of shaping an object by pouring a liquid into a mold and letting it harden.


First Line:
Cast iron is a hard, brittle form of iron made by casting.


First Line:
Castanets, are a small percussion instrument of indefinite pitch.


First Line:
Caste, is a social class to which a person belongs by birth.


First Line:
Castiglione, Baldassare, (1478-1529), was a writer of the Italian Renaissance.


First Line:
Castile and Aragon, were two separate and powerful kingdoms of Spain.


First Line:
Castilla, Ramon, (1797?-1867), one of Peru's great statesmen, was president of Peru from 1845 to 1851 and from 1855 to 1862.


First Line:
Castillo de San Marcos National Monument, is in St. Augustine, Fla.


First Line:
Castle was the home and fortress of a monarch or noble.


First Line:
Castle, Barbara (1910-2002), a British politician, became a leading member of the Labour Party.


First Line:
Castle Morpeth (pop. 49,700) is a local government district in Northumberland, England.


First Line:
Castle Point (pop. 84,200) is a local government district in Essex, England.


First Line:
Castle Clinton National Monument is in New York City.


First Line:
Castlereagh, (pop. 60,720) is a local government district in Northern Ireland.


First Line:
Castlereagh, Viscount (1769-1822), was a noted British statesman.


First Line:
Castor and Pollux were twin heroes in Greek mythology.


First Line:
Castor oil is a colorless oil that is used as a laxative.


First Line:
Castries, (pop. 52,868), is the capital and largest city of St. Lucia, an island country in the Caribbean Sea.


First Line:
Castro, Fidel, (1926-...), has ruled Cuba since 1959, when he overthrew the military dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista.


First Line:
Castro, Raul  Hector, (1916-...), served as governor of Arizona from 1975 to 1977.


First Line:
Caswell, Hollis Leland, (1901-1988), an American educator, became an authority on curriculum planning in schools.


First Line:
Cat is a favorite pet of people around the world.


First Line:
Catacombs, are systems of underground passages or rooms once used as burial places.


First Line:
Catalepsy, is a condition in which a person temporarily loses the ability to move voluntarily.


First Line:
Catalpa, also called Indian bean, is the name of a group of trees native to North America and eastern Asia.


First Line:
Catalysis, is a process in which a substance increases the speed of a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction.


First Line:
Catalytic converter is a device that reduces the exhaust pollutants produced by an automobile engine.


First Line:
Catamaran, is a raftlike boat that has two hulls.


First Line:
Catamount is the folk name given to the mountain lion and the lynx.


First Line:
Cataplexy, is a condition that involves a sudden, temporary loss of muscle tone.


First Line:
Catapult, was a war machine that shot such objects as spears or stones or hurled large weights against an enemy's defenses.


First Line:
Cataract, is the clouding of the lens of the eye.


First Line:
Catarrh, is thick mucus that collects in the throat, or may run from the nose of a person with a long-continued head cold.


First Line:
Catbird is a North American songbird related to mockingbirds and thrashers.


First Line:
Catechism, is a summary of basic Christian doctrine used for religious instruction.


First Line:
Catechu, is a brown, sticky substance obtained chiefly from the wood of tropical trees called acacias.


First Line:
Caterpillar is a wormlike creature that is the second, or larval, stage in the life history of butterflies and moths.


First Line:
Catfish is the name of a large group of fish that have two to four pairs of whiskers.


First Line:
Catgut is a tough cord made from the intestines of certain animals and used mainly for the strings of musical instruments and for sewing up wounds.


First Line:
Catharsis is a term psychiatrists and psychoanalysts use to describe the way in which psychotherapy helps a person release pent-up emotions.


First Line:
Cathay, is the name Europeans once gave to China, especially the part north of the Yangtze River.


First Line:
Cathedral is the church of a bishop of some Christian denominations.


First Line:
Cather, Willa (1873-1947), was one of America's finest novelists.


First Line:
Catherine de Medicis, (1519-1589), was a powerful woman in France during the reigns of three kings--Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III.


First Line:
Catherine of Aragon, (1485-1536), was the first wife of King Henry VIII of England.


First Line:
Catherine of Siena, Saint (1347-1380), was a Christian reformer and mystic.


First Line:
Catherine the Great (1729-1796) was born a German princess and ruled as empress of Russia from 1762 until her death.


First Line:
Catholic Conference, United States, is an agency that conducts Roman Catholic programs in education, religious communication, and social welfare in the United States.


First Line:
Catholic Library Association (CLA) is an organization interested in encouraging good literature and improving libraries in Roman Catholic institutions in the United States and in other countries.


First Line:
Catholic Youth Organization (CYO) is the parish youth group of many dioceses of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States.


First Line:
Catiline, (?-62 B.C.), was a Roman who led an unsuccessful plot against his country's government in 63 B.C.


First Line:
Catkin is a tassellike flower cluster that consists of numerous small flowers arranged around a long central axis.


First Line:
Catlin, George (1796-1872), was an American artist known for his paintings and drawings of American Indians.


First Line:
Catnip, also called catmint, is a strong-smelling plant of the mint family.


First Line:
Cato, Marcus Porcius, the Elder (234-149 B.C.), was a prominent soldier and statesman of ancient Rome.


First Line:
Cato, Marcus Porcius, the Younger (95-46 B.C.), was a statesman and soldier of ancient Rome.


First Line:
Cato Street Conspiracy was a plot to murder the Cabinet (leaders of government) of the United Kingdom in 1820.


First Line:
Cat's-eye is a gem that produces a thin streak of white light across the top of the stone when the gem is cut a certain way.


First Line:
Catskill Mountains form a semicircular chain of mountains west of the Hudson River in New York.


First Line:
Catt, Carrie Chapman (1859-1947), was an American leader in the campaign for woman suffrage.


First Line:
Cattail is the name of a group of about 14 wild plants that grow in swamps, marshes, and other wetlands throughout most parts of the world.


First Line:
Cattle are among the most important farm animals.


First Line:
Cattle tick, also called Texas fever tick, carries Texas fever, a disease of cattle.


First Line:
Catton, Bruce (1899-1978), an American historian and journalist, won the Pulitzer Prize in 1954 for A Stillness at Appomattox (1953).


First Line:
Catullus, Gaius Valerius, (84? B.C.-54? B.C.), a Roman lyric poet, wrote personal and passionate poetry.


First Line:
Caucasus, is a region that includes Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and a small portion of southern Russia.


First Line:
Caucasus  Mountains, are a great mountain range in Russia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan.


First Line:
Caucus is any gathering of individuals to nominate candidates for office or to endorse a policy or program.


First Line:
Cauliflower is a garden vegetable that is rich in vitamins and minerals.


First Line:
Cavalier King Charles spaniel is a breed of dog developed in England in the 1920's.


First Line:
Cavalry was a unit of soldiers that fought on horseback.


First Line:
Cavazos, Lauro Fred (1927-...), served as United States secretary of education from 1988 to 1990.


First Line:
Cave, also called cavern, is a naturally hollow area in the earth that is large enough for a person to enter.


First Line:
Cave dwellers are people who live in caves or in the shelter provided by overhanging rocks at the bottom of cliffs.


First Line:
Caveat emptor, is a Latin term meaning let the buyer beware.


First Line:
Cavefish is the name of several kinds of small fish that live in waters in and near caves in the eastern United States.


First Line:
Cavell, Edith Louisa (1865-1915), was an English nurse and one of the martyrs of World War I (1914-1918).


First Line:
Cavendish, Henry (1731-1810), an English physicist and chemist, discovered many fundamental laws of electricity.


First Line:
Caviar, is the salted eggs of sturgeons, a group of large fish.


First Line:
Cavour, Count di (1810-1861), played a decisive role in the unification of Italy.


First Line:
Cavy, is the general name for several related South American rodents.


First Line:
Caxton, William (1422?-1492), was the first person to print a book in the English language and to print a book in England.


First Line:
Cayenne, (pop. 38,000), is the capital and largest city of French Guiana, a French possession in South America.


First Line:
Cayenne  pepper, is a hot-tasting red powder made from fruits or pods of a kind of capsicum plant.


First Line:
Cayley, Sir George (1773-1857), is often called the father of modern aeronautics.


First Line:
Cayman Islands, an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, lies about 200 miles (320 kilometers) northwest of Jamaica in the Caribbean Sea.


First Line:
Cayuga  Indians, are a tribe of Iroquois Indians who once occupied an area near Cayuga Lake in central New York.


First Line:
Ceausescu, Nicolae, (1918-1989), ruled Romania from 1965 to 1989 as head of the country's Communist Party.


First Line:
Cebu City, (pop. 718,821), is one of the largest cities in the Philippines.


First Line:
Cecilia, Saint, is a saint and martyr of the Roman Catholic Church.


First Line:
Cedar is any of a variety of large evergreen trees that grow in many parts of the world.


First Line:
Cedar Rapids (pop. 120,758; met. area pop. 191,707) is a manufacturing and distributing city in Iowa, and the center of a large farming area.


First Line:
Celandine, is an herb commonly used as an ornamental plant in gardens.


First Line:
Celery is a popular vegetable related to carrots and parsley.


First Line:
Celesta, is a pianolike musical instrument played by means of a keyboard.


First Line:
Celibacy, is the state of being unmarried.


First Line:
Celine, Louis-Ferdinand (1894-1961), was the pen name of Henri-Louis Destouches, a French novelist.


First Line:
Cellini, Benvenuto, (1500-1571), was an Italian goldsmith and sculptor.


First Line:
Cello, is a stringed musical instrument of the violin family that is played with a bow.


First Line:
Cellophane is a thin, flexible, synthetic material.


First Line:
Cellular telephone is a wireless telephone that transmits messages with radio signals.


First Line:
Cellulose, is a substance that forms a major part of the cell walls of trees, grasses, vegetables, and many other plants.


First Line:
Celsius scale, is a scale for measuring temperature.


First Line:
Celts, are a people-or their descendants-who are native speakers of a Celtic language.


First Line:
Cement and concrete are among the most important building materials.


First Line:
Cenozoic  Era, is the most recent era in the geologic time scale of the earth's history.


First Line:
Censer, is a vessel in which incense is burned on charcoal as a sign of honor and prayer during religious ceremonies.


First Line:
Censorship is the control of what people may say or hear, write or read, or see or do.


First Line:
Census is a survey conducted by a national government to gather information about the society that it governs.


First Line:
Cent is a small United States coin worth one-hundredth of a dollar.


First Line:
Centaur, was a creature in Greek mythology.


First Line:
Center for Science in the Public Interest is an independent, nonprofit organization founded in 1971.


First Line:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, often referred to as the CDC, is an agency of the Public Health Service and part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services.


First Line:
Centimeter, also spelled centimetre, is a measure of length in the metric system of measurement.


First Line:
Centipede, is one of a group of animals that look like worms or caterpillars.


First Line:
Central African Republic is a thinly populated country in the center of Africa.


First Line:
Central America is the narrow bridge of land at the southern end of North America.


First Line:
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a major United States government agency that gathers information about foreign governments and certain nongovernmental groups, including those that engage in terrorism or organized crime.


First Line:
Central Region is an area of Scotland that lies between the Highlands and the Central Lowlands.


First Line:
Centrifugal force, is often incorrectly defined as the force that pulls an object outward when it moves in a circle.


First Line:
Centrifuge, is an instrument used to separate two liquids mixed together, or solid particles that are mixed in a liquid.


First Line:
Centripetal, force, is the force that compels a body to move in a circular path.


First Line:
Century plant is the name of a group of desert plants that belong to the agave family.


First Line:
Cephalosporin, is any of a group of widely used antibiotics.


First Line:
Ceramics, are one of the three most important types of engineering materials that are primarily synthetic.


First Line:
Cerberus, was a monstrous three-headed dog who guarded the entrance to Hades, the underworld of Greek and Roman mythology.


First Line:
Cereal is a food made from such cereal grains as wheat, oats, corn, rice, barley, and buckwheat.


First Line:
Cerebral hemorrhage, is bleeding that results from a broken blood vessel in the brain.


First Line:
Cerebral palsy, is a general term for a variety of disorders caused by damage to the brain.


First Line:
Cerebrospinal fluid, is the liquid in the body that surrounds the entire surface of the brain and the spinal cord.


First Line:
Ceredigion (pop. 63,600) is a local government area in Wales.


First Line:
Ceres, was the goddess of grain, the harvest, and agriculture in Roman mythology.


First Line:
Ceres, is one of thousands of asteroids (minor planets) that are located mostly between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.


First Line:
Cerium, is a soft, gray metal of the rare-earth group of chemical elements.


First Line:
CERN is the world's largest research center for the study of subatomic particles.


First Line:
Certificate of deposit, also called a CD, is a receipt issued by a bank for money placed in a certain type of savings account.


First Line:
Certified public accountant, also called CPA, is an accountant in the United States who has passed the Uniform CPA Examination and has obtained a special license to practice as a CPA. The examination is prepared by the American Institute of Certified Publ


First Line:
Certiorari, Writ of, in its original form, is a written command by a higher court to a lower court, public board, or public officer.


First Line:
Cervantes, Miguel de, (1547-1616), ranks as the outstanding writer in Spanish literature.


First Line:
Cervical cancer is uncontrolled multiplication of cells in a woman's cervix.


First Line:
Cesium, is a soft, silvery metallic element.


First Line:
Cetacean, is a member of the order (group) of mammals made up of whales, dolphins, and porpoises.


First Line:
Cezanne, Paul (1839-1906), a French painter, was one of the most significant painters in modern art.


First Line:
Chaco Culture National Historical Park, in northwestern New Mexico, has numerous large, prehistoric ruins of the Anasazi Indians.


First Line:
Chad is a large, thinly populated country in north-central Africa.


First Line:
Chadwick, Sir James (1891-1974), a British physicist, won the 1935 Nobel Prize for physics for his discovery of the neutron, one of the particles making up the nucleus of an atom.


First Line:
Chagall, Marc (1887-1985), was a Russian-born artist.


First Line:
Chagres River, is a chief source of water for the Panama Canal.


First Line:
Chain is a flexible length of links or rings joined together.


First Line:
Chain, Ernst Boris (1906-1979), a British biochemist, shared the 1945 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine with Alexander Fleming and Howard Florey for their research on penicillin.


First Line:
Chain gang is a group of prisoners chained together for labor.


First Line:
Chain store is one of a group of retail stores whose activities are supervised or coordinated by a centralized managerial body.


First Line:
Chalcedony, is a mineral that consists chiefly of tiny crystals of quartz with extremely small pores.


First Line:
Chalcocite, is a mineral made up of copper and sulfur.


First Line:
Chalcopyrite, is the most widespread copper ore and one of the chief sources of copper.


First Line:
Chaldea, also spelled Chaldaea, was a region of ancient Babylonia, in what is now southeastern Iraq.


First Line:
Chalk is a soft, fine-grained white limestone.


First Line:
Chalkboard is a smooth, dark board usually made of slate, glass, or wood.


First Line:
Chamber music is a type of classical music written for small groups of musicians.


First Line:
Chamber of commerce is an association of business people that promotes the interests of its members and of business in general.


First Line:
Chamber of Commerce of the United States is the world's largest federation of businesses, trade and professional associations, and state and local chambers of commerce.


First Line:
Chamberlain, Neville (1869-1940), served as prime minister of Britain from 1937 to 1940.


First Line:
Chamberlain, Wilt (1936-1999), was one of the greatest scorers in National Basketball Association (NBA) history.


First Line:
Chambers, George (1928-1997), was prime minister of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago from 1981 to 1986.


First Line:
Chambers, Whittaker, (1901-1961), a confessed spy, was the United States government's chief witness in the 1949 perjury trials of Alger Hiss.


First Line:
Chameleon, is any of about 85 species of lizards.


First Line:
Chamois, is a shy animal noted for its swiftness and keen sense of smell.


First Line:
Chamorro, Violeta Barrios de, (1929-...), was president of Nicaragua from 1990 to 1997.


First Line:
Champlain, Samuel de (1570?-1635), was a French explorer who founded the Canadian city of Quebec.


First Line:
Chancellor is a title given to certain administrators in governments, universities, and churches.


First Line:
Chandler, Raymond (1888-1959), was one of the leading writers of the "hard-boiled" school of detective fiction.


First Line:
Chandler, Zachariah, (1813-1879), was an early leader of the Republican Party.


First Line:
Chandragupta Maurya, (?-298? B.C.), founded the Mauryan Empire and ruled in what is now northern India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and part of Afghanistan from about 324 to 298 B.C.


First Line:
Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan, (1910-1995), an American astrophysicist, shared the 1983 Nobel Prize in physics with William A. Fowler for research on the evolution and death of stars.


First Line:
Chanel, Coco (1883-1971), was an influential French designer of women's fashions.


First Line:
Changamire Empire was an empire in what is now Zimbabwe.


First Line:
Changi, was a prisoner-of-war camp on Singapore island for Allied prisoners of the Japanese during World War II (1939-1945).


First Line:
Channel Islands are a group of islands in the English Channel.


First Line:
Channel Islands National Park lies off the coast of Southern California, west and southwest of Los Angeles.


First Line:
Channel Tunnel is a railway tunnel beneath the English Channel.


First Line:
Chaos, is a field of science that deals with complex and irregular processes.


First Line:
Chaparral, is a region of shrubs and small trees that occurs in areas with mild, moist winters and hot, dry summers.


First Line:
Chaplin, Charlie (1889-1977), became one of the most famous stars in motion-picture history.


First Line:
Chapman, George (1559?-1634?), was an English poet, playwright, and scholar.


First Line:
Charcoal is a black, brittle substance that has a variety of uses.


First Line:
Chardin, Jean Baptiste Simeon (1699-1779), is now regarded as one of the great French painters of the 1700's.


First Line:
Charest, Jean, (1958-...), became the head of the provincial Quebec Liberal Party in 1998.


First Line:
Charge-coupled device, abbreviated CCD, is an electronic device that can produce images.


First Line:
Chariot is a two-wheeled or four-wheeled vehicle, usually drawn by a horse.


First Line:
Charlemagne, (742-814), or Charles the Great, was the most famous ruler of the Middle Ages and a key figure in European history.


First Line:
Charles I (1887-1922) was the last emperor of Austria and king of Hungary.


First Line:
Charles I (1600-1649) became king of England, Scotland, and Ireland in 1625.


First Line:
Charles II (1630-1685) became king of England, Scotland, and Ireland in 1660.


First Line:
Charles II (823-877), or Charles the Bald, ruled the kingdom that later became France.


First Line:
Charles III (879-929), also called Charles the Simple, ruled the kingdom that later became France.


First Line:
Charles III (1716-1788) reigned as king of Spain from 1759 until his death.


First Line:
Charles V (1338-1380), king of France, was known to his people as The Wise.


First Line:
Charles V (1500-1558) of the House of Habsburg (or Hapsburg) became Holy Roman emperor in 1519, succeeding his grandfather Maximilian I. The Holy Roman Empire was a German-based empire in central Europe.


First Line:
Charles VII (1403-1461) was a king of France who, with the aid of Joan of Arc, won the Hundred Years' War against England (1337-1453).


First Line:
Charles VII (1697-1745) was Holy Roman emperor from 1742 to 1745.


First Line:
Charles VIII (1470-1498) was king of France from 1483 until his death.


First Line:
Charles IX (1550-1574) of France ruled from 1560 to 1574.


First Line:
Charles X (1757-1836) was king of France from 1824 to 1830.


First Line:
Charles X (1622-1660) of Sweden became king in 1654 when Queen Christina gave up the throne.


First Line:
Charles XI (1655-1697), king of Sweden, succeeded his father, Charles X, in 1660.


First Line:
Charles XII (1682-1718) became king of Sweden in 1697.


First Line:
Charles, Prince (1948-...), is the heir apparent to the British throne.


First Line:
Charles, Ray (1930-...), is an American singer, songwriter, and pianist.


First Line:
Charles Martel (688?-741) ruled northern Gaul from 719 to 741.


First Line:
Charleston, South Carolina (pop. 96,650; met. area pop. 549,033), is an important Atlantic Coast port and the second largest city in the state.


First Line:
Charleston (pop. 53,421; met. area pop. 251,662) is the capital and leading industrial, trade, and transportation center of West Virginia.


First Line:
Charlotte (pop. 540,828; met. area pop. 1,499,293) is the largest city in North Carolina.


First Line:
Charlotte Amalie, (pop. 12,331), capital of the American Virgin Islands, is a harbor city on the Caribbean Sea.


First Line:
Charlottesville (pop. 45,049; met. area pop. 159,576) is in the Blue Ridge Mountains foothills in Virginia.


First Line:
Charlottetown (pop. 32,531), the capital of Prince Edward Island, is one of Canada's most historic cities.


First Line:
Charnwood (pop. 140,500) is a local government district in Leicestershire, England.


First Line:
Chart is a diagram, drawing, graph, list, map, or table designed to make information easy to understand.


First Line:
Charter, called articles of incorporation in certain instances, is a written document granted by a government.


First Line:
Charter Oak was a huge tree in Hartford, Conn.


First Line:
Charter school is a public school that operates under a special contract giving it freedom from many of the rules that apply to traditional public schools.


First Line:
Charterhouse is a leading English public school.


First Line:
Chartism, was a political movement of the British working class during the early 1800's.


First Line:
Chartres, (pop. 41,850), is a city in north-central France that is famous for its cathedral, which is a masterpiece of Gothic architecture.


First Line:
Chase, Salmon Portland (1808-1873), was a prominent American statesman and chief justice of the United States.


First Line:
Chase, Samuel (1741-1811), was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.


First Line:
Chase, William Merritt (1849-1916), was an American painter and art teacher.


First Line:
Chat is the name of three species of birds that live in the Americas.


First Line:
Chateaubriand, Francois-Rene de, (1768-1848), was one of the most important figures in French romantic literature.


First Line:
Chatelet, Marquise du (1706-1749), was a French mathematician, physicist, and science writer.


First Line:
Chattanooga, (pop. 155,554; met. area pop. 465,161), is an industrial city in southeastern Tennessee.


First Line:
Chaucer, Geoffrey, (1340?-1400), was the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages.


First Line:
Chautauqua, is a system of summer school and correspondence school education founded at Chautauqua Lake, New York, in 1874.


First Line:
Chavez, Carlos (1899-1978), a Mexican composer, was one of the most important influences on the musical life of Mexico in the 1900's.


First Line:
Chavez, Cesar Estrada (1927-1993), was a labor union organizer and spokesman for the poor-especially his fellow Mexican American farmworkers.


First Line:
Chavez, Dennis (1888-1962), a Democrat, became the second Hispanic American to serve in the United States Senate.


First Line:
Chavis, Benjamin Franklin, Jr. (1948-...), was executive director of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) from April 1993 to August 1994. Before he took this position, Chavis had served as director of the Commission for R


First Line:
Chayote, is a climbing vine grown chiefly for its fruit.


First Line:
Chechnya, is a republic in southwestern Russia in the northern Caucasus Mountains.


First Line:
Check is a written order directing a bank to pay money to a person or organization, or to the bearer.


First Line:
Checkers is a game played on a checkerboard by two people.


First Line:
Checks and balances are limitations on the power of any branch of government, with each branch having some control over the actions of the others.


First Line:
Cheerleading is a colorful American sports tradition in which people called cheerleaders direct spectators in organized cheering during athletic events.


First Line:
Cheese is a healthful, tasty food made from milk.


First Line:
Cheetah is a large cat chiefly found on the grassy plains of eastern and southern Africa.


First Line:
Cheever, John (1912-1982), was an American short-story writer and novelist.


First Line:
Chekhov, Anton, (1860-1904), was a Russian playwright and short-story writer.


First Line:
Chelation  therapy, is medical treatment that involves the use of drugs to remove toxic metal ions from the body.


First Line:
Chelmsford (pop. 150,000) is a market town in central Essex, England.


First Line:
Chemical is any of the many substances that make up the world's materials.


First Line:
Chemical-biological-radiological warfare (CBR) is war waged with chemicals, biological agents, or radioactive materials.


First Line:
Chemical industry is made up of the many industries that use chemistry in the manufacture of a wide variety of products.


First Line:
Chemical reaction is a process in which one substance is chemically converted to another.


First Line:
Chemistry is the scientific study of substances.


First Line:
Chemnitz, (pop. 294,244), is a manufacturing center on the Chemnitz River in Germany.


First Line:
Chemotherapy, is the treatment of cancers or infections with drugs that have a toxic effect on the cause of the illness.


First Line:
Chen Rong, (mid-1200's), was one of the greatest painters of Chinese dragons.


First Line:
Cheney, Richard Bruce (1941-...), a Wyoming Republican, was elected vice president of the United States in 2000.


First Line:
Chengdu, (pop. 3,483,834), also spelled Ch'eng-tu and Chengtu, is a major industrial center in southern China.


First Line:
Chenille, is a fuzzy yarn made of cotton, silk, wool, or rayon.


First Line:
Chennai, (pop. 3,841,396; met. area pop. 5,421,985), is India's fourth largest city.


First Line:
Chennault, Claire Lee (1890-1958), led the Flying Tigers, a small group of volunteer American aviators who supported China in its war against Japan before the United States entered World War II in 1941.


First Line:
Cherbourg, (pop. 28,773), is an industrial city and seaport on the northern coast of France.


First Line:
Cherimoya, is a small tree that bears an edible fruit.


First Line:
Chernomyrdin, Viktor Stepanovich, (1938-...), was prime minister of Russia from 1992 to 1998.


First Line:
Cherokee Indians, are the largest Indian tribe in the United States, according to the 1990 U.S. census.


First Line:
Cherry is a small round fruit that grows on a tree.


First Line:
Cherry laurel is an evergreen shrub closely related to cherry trees.


First Line:
Cherry Point Marine Corps Air Station, North Carolina, is the largest air station of the United States Marine Corps.


First Line:
Cherubini, Luigi, (1760-1842), was an Italian-born composer, though it was in Germany that his works were most widely appreciated.


First Line:
Cherwell (pop. 115,900) is a local government district in northeast Oxfordshire, England.


First Line:
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal was a waterway planned to connect the Potomac and Ohio rivers.


First Line:
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park lies between Washington, D.C., and Cumberland, Md.


First Line:
Chesapeake Bay is a long, narrow arm of the Atlantic Ocean that runs north from the coast of Virginia, and divides Maryland into two parts.


First Line:
Chesapeake Bay retriever is a hunting dog.


First Line:
Chesnutt, Charles Waddell (1858-1932), is considered to have been the first major African-American writer of fiction.


First Line:
Chess is a game of skill in which two players move objects called men on a board divided into squares.


First Line:
Chest, also called thorax, is the part of the body between the base of the neck and the abdomen.


First Line:
Chester (pop. 115,000) is a local government area in the county of Cheshire, England.


First Line:
Chesterfield, Earl of (1694-1773), was an English aristocrat, wit, and political figure.


First Line:
Chesterton, G. K. (1874-1936), was an English author known for his essays on almost every popular subject of his time. Chesterton also wrote biographies, fiction, and poetry.


First Line:
Chestnut is the name of about 12 species of trees with spreading branches.


First Line:
Chevalier, Maurice, (1888-1972), was an internationally popular French motion-picture and stage performer.


First Line:
Chevrolet, Louis (1878-1941), helped organize the Chevrolet Motor Company in 1911, and designed its first automobile.


First Line:
Chevron, consists of two lines joined together at one end to form an angle.


First Line:
Chewing gum is a type of confection that people chew but do not swallow.


First Line:
Cheyenne, (pop. 53,011; met. area pop. 81,607), one of the most historic towns of the Old West, is the capital and largest city of Wyoming.


First Line:
Cheyenne Indians are a group of American Indians separated geographically into two groups, the Northern Cheyenne and the Southern Cheyenne.


First Line:
Chiang Ching-kuo, (1910-1988), was the most powerful leader of the Nationalist Chinese government on Taiwan from 1975 until his death in 1988.


First Line:
Chiang Kai-shek, (1887-1975), was the political and military leader of the Nationalist Chinese government on Taiwan from 1949 until his death in 1975.


First Line:
Chiang Soong Mei-ling, or Mayling (1897?-...), the wife of Chiang Kai-shek, is a Chinese social leader.


First Line:
Chibcha  Indians, lived on the high plains of the central Colombian Andes.


First Line:
Chicago is a huge city in northeastern Illinois that stretches along the southwest shore of Lake Michigan.


First Line:
Chicago, University of, is a leading private educational and research institution on Chicago's South Side.


First Line:
Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal connects Lake Michigan with the Des Plaines River by way of the Chicago River.


First Line:
Chichen Itza, was the most powerful city of the Maya Indians between about A.D. 900 and about A.D. 1200.


First Line:
Chichester, Sir Francis (1901-1972), an English adventurer, made long-distance boat and airplane voyages.


First Line:
Chickadee is the name of seven species of small birds in the titmouse family.


First Line:
Chickasaw Indians are a tribe that originally lived in the Southern United States.


First Line:
Chicken is a bird that is raised for its meat and eggs.


First Line:
Chickenpox, also called varicella, is a common, generally mild, contagious disease of children.


First Line:
Chickpea, also called garbanzo, is a plant grown for its nutritious, edible seeds.


First Line:
Chicle, is a gummy substance obtained from the latex of certain tropical trees.


First Line:
Chicory, is the name of several species of herbs that are native chiefly to Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia.


First Line:
Chief justice is the presiding judge of a court that has several judges, such as the Supreme Court of the United States.


First Line:
Chigger, also called jigger, is the common name of two kinds of pests that attack human beings.


First Line:
Chihuahua, (pop. 670,208), is a chief city in northern Mexico and capital of Chihuahua state.


First Line:
Chihuahua, is the largest state in area in Mexico.


First Line:
Chihuahua, is the smallest breed of dogs.


First Line:
Chilblain, is a condition in which the skin stings, itches, burns, and sometimes turns red.


First Line:
Child is a person between about 18 months and 10 to 13 years of age.


First Line:
Child, Lydia Maria (1802-1880), was an American abolitionist, author, and editor.


First Line:
Child abuse is a term that generally refers to mistreatment of a child by a parent or another adult.


First Line:
Child labor is the employment of children as wage earners.


First Line:
Child welfare is a program of financial, medical, psychological, and social services provided to parents and children.


First Line:
Childbirth is the process by which a woman gives birth to a baby.


First Line:
Childhood Education International, Association for, is an organization that works for the education and welfare of children.


First Line:
Children and Families, Administration for, is a part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).


First Line:
Children's Bureau is a unit of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).


First Line:
Children's home is an institution that cares for homeless children.


First Line:
Chile, is a long, narrow country on South America's west coast.


First Line:
Chimborazo, is a volcanic mountain in the Andes of Ecuador, about 120 miles (193 kilometers) from the Pacific coast.


First Line:
Chimera, was a fire-breathing monster in Greek mythology.


First Line:
Chimes, also called tubular bells, are a percussion instrument that consists of 18 to 20 brass or steel tubes hung on a frame.


First Line:
Chimney sweep is a worker who cleans the soot out of chimneys.


First Line:
Chimpanzee is an African ape that shares many characteristics with human beings.


First Line:
China is a huge country in eastern Asia.


First Line:
China Sea is the name of two seas of the Pacific Ocean along the east coast of Asia.


First Line:
Chinch bug is a small insect that feeds on plants.


First Line:
Chinchilla is a small animal prized for its soft, thick fur.


First Line:
Chinese cabbage is a cabbagelike vegetable that has been grown in China since the A.D. 400's.


First Line:
Chinese crested is a breed of small dog.


First Line:
Chinese-Japanese wars refers to two wars between China and Japan--the war of 1894-1895 and the war of 1937-1945.


First Line:
Chinese language is one of the world's oldest languages.


First Line:
Chinese literature is one of the oldest and greatest of the world's literatures.


First Line:
Chinese shar-pei, is a breed of dog that originated in China about 200 B.C.


First Line:
Chinook, is a warm dry wind that blows down the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, usually in winter and early spring.


First Line:
Chinook Indians are a people of the Pacific Northwest.


First Line:
Chipmunk is a small, striped animal that lives in burrows (tunnels) in Asia and North America.


First Line:
Chippendale, Thomas (1718-1779), was an English furniture maker and designer.


First Line:
Chippewa Indians, form one of the largest tribal groups in North America.


First Line:
Chirac, Jacques Rene (1932-...), was elected president of France in 1995.


First Line:
Chirico, Giorgio de (1888-1978), was an Italian painter.


First Line:
Chiropractic, is a system of health care that emphasizes the relationship between structure and function in the body.


First Line:
Chisholm, Shirley (1924-...), became the first African American woman to serve in the United States Congress.


First Line:
Chisholm, Trail was a famous route that Texas cowboys used in driving cattle herds north to the railroads in Kansas.


First Line:
Chisinau, (pop. 676,000), is the capital and largest city of Moldova, formerly the Soviet republic of Moldavia.


First Line:
Chiton, is a marine animal protected by a tough eight-pieced shell.


First Line:
Chive is a green vegetable that is closely related to the onion.


First Line:
Chlamydia, is the name commonly given to a widespread sexually transmitted disease.


First Line:
Chloramphenicol, is an antibiotic once used for the treatment of many kinds of infections.


First Line:
Chloride is a chemical compound that contains the chlorine ion.


First Line:
Chlorine, is a poisonous, yellowish-green gas with a strong, unpleasant odor.


First Line:
Chlorofluorocarbon, is any of a group of synthetic organic compounds that contain chlorine, fluorine, and carbon.


First Line:
Chloroform is a dense, colorless liquid that is used as a solvent in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and pesticides.


First Line:
Chlorophyll, is the green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy for use in photosynthesis.


First Line:
Chloroplast, is a specialized structure within the cells of plants.


First Line:
Chlorpromazine, is a drug used to reduce hallucinations and delusions in mentally ill persons.


First Line:
Chocolate is a food made from the seeds of a tropical tree called the cacao.


First Line:
Choctaw, Indians are a tribe that originally lived in what is now Alabama and Mississippi.


First Line:
Cholera, is an infectious intestinal disorder.


First Line:
Cholesterol, is a fatty substance found in animal tissues.


First Line:
Chomsky, Noam, (1928-...), is an American linguist, philosopher, and political activist.


First Line:
Chongqing, (pop. 3,122,704), also spelled Chungking or Ch'ung-ch'ing, was the capital of the Republic of China from 1938 to 1946.


First Line:
Chopin, Frederic Francois, (1810?-1849), a Polish-born composer, was one of the masters of piano composition.


First Line:
Chopin, Kate (1851-1904), was an American novelist and short story writer.


First Line:
Chopsticks are utensils used in many Asian countries to eat and serve food.


First Line:
Chorale, is the music for a hymn, in particular the hymns of German Protestant churches.


First Line:
Chordate, is the name of a large phylum (group) of land, marine, and freshwater animals.


First Line:
Chorea, is any of a number of disorders characterized by brief, rapid, uncoordinated movements.


First Line:
Chouteau, Jean Pierre, (1758-1849), who went by his middle name, was an American fur trader and a United States Indian agent.


First Line:
Chouteau, Pierre, Jr. (1789-1865), often called Cadet, acquired great wealth from the fur business and became one of the most powerful financiers of his day. He headed the western department of the American Fur Company for the American businessman John Ja


First Line:
Chouteau, Rene Auguste, (1749-1829), was a French fur trader and merchant who helped found St. Louis, Mo.


First Line:
Chow chow, commonly called chow, is one of the oldest breeds of dogs.


First Line:
Chretien, Jean, (1934-...), became prime minister of Canada in late 1993, after leading the Liberal Party to victory in a general election.


First Line:
Chretien de Troyes, was a French poet who wrote from about 1160 to about 1190.


First Line:
Christchurch (pop. 309,028) is one of the largest cities in New Zealand.


First Line:
Christian IV (1577-1648) was king of Denmark from 1588 until his death.


First Line:
Christian IX (1818-1906) was king of Denmark from 1863 until his death in 1906.


First Line:
Christian X (1870-1947) was king of Denmark from 1912 until his death.


First Line:
Christian, Charlie (1916?-1942), an American musician, established the guitar as a solo instrument in jazz.


First Line:
Christian Coalition is a conservative political organization in the United States devoted to preserving what it considers traditional values in American life.


First Line:
Christian Endeavor International is a ministry that assists local churches in reaching young people with the gospel of Jesus Christ.


First Line:
Christian Era is the period from the birth of Jesus Christ to the present.


First Line:
Christian Reformed Church was founded in 1857 in the United States by a group of Dutch Protestants.


First Line:
Christian Scientists are members of a religious movement that stresses spiritual healing.


First Line:
Christianity is the religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.


First Line:
Christmas is a Christian holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ.


First Line:
Christo (1935-...), a Bulgarian-born American artist, creates huge, temporary art projects in collaboration with his wife, Jeanne-Claude.


First Line:
Christophe, Henri, (1767-1820), was a black king in northern Haiti in the early 1800's.


First Line:
Christopher, Saint, is the patron saint of ferry workers and travelers.


First Line:
Christopher, Warren Minor (1925-...), served as United States secretary of state under President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 1997.


First Line:
Chromatography, is a method of separating substances that make up a liquid or gaseous mixture.


First Line:
Chrome, is the name given to several combinations of chromium and lead that are used as paint pigments.


First Line:
Chromic, acid is the common name for chromium trioxide, an important industrial compound.


First Line:
Chromium, a chemical element, is a glossy, fairly soft, gray metal.


First Line:
Chromosome, is a threadlike structure found in cells of all organisms.


First Line:
Chronic fatigue syndrome, also called CFS, is a disorder characterized by severe fatigue that significantly reduces a person's ability to do most normal daily activities.


First Line:
Chronicles, Books of, are two books of the Bible that describe the history of the Jews from Adam to the 500's B.C.


First Line:
Chronometer, is an instrument that keeps time with extreme accuracy.


First Line:
Chrysalis, is the third, or pupal, stage in the development of a butterfly.


First Line:
Chrysanthemum, is a group of strong-scented shrubby herbs that grow in many temperate regions.


First Line:
Chrysler, Walter Percy (1875-1940), an American automobile manufacturer, was a founder and the first president of the Chrysler Corporation (now part of DaimlerChrysler AG).


First Line:
Chrysler, Corporation was one of the largest manufacturers of automobiles in the world.


First Line:
Chrysostom, Saint John (347?-407?), was one of the most beloved and celebrated of the fathers of the early Christian church.


First Line:
Chub is the common name of several small fishes.


First Line:
Chuck wagon was a mess wagon or rolling kitchen that provided food for cowhands trailing herds north from Texas or for roundup crews on Western ranches.


First Line:
Chuckwalla is the name of several kinds of large, harmless lizards found in rocky deserts of the United States and Mexico.


First Line:
Chumash, Indians are a group of tribes in southern California.


First Line:
Church, in Christianity, has two basic meanings.


First Line:
Church, Frederick Edwin (1826-1900), was an American painter known for his huge, dramatic landscapes.


First Line:
Church and state is a term that refers to the relations between churches and governments.


First Line:
Church of England, also called the Established Church, is the national church of England.


First Line:
Church of God in Christ, The, is one of the largest Pentecostal denominations in the United States.


First Line:
Church of the Nazarene is a Protestant denomination that follows the teachings of early Methodism.


First Line:
Churches of Christ are a group of religious congregations that accept the Bible as the inspired, authoritative Word of God.


First Line:
Churches of God consist of about 15 religious groups in the United States that use the same name--Church of God--but differ in faith and practice.


First Line:
Churchill, Sir Winston Leonard Spencer (1874-1965), became one of the greatest statesmen in world history.


First Line:
Churchill River is in Saskatchewan and Manitoba in western Canada.


First Line:
Churchill River flows through the province of Newfoundland and Labrador in eastern Canada.


First Line:
Churn is a container in which cream or milk is stirred or beaten.


First Line:
Ciardi, John (1916-1986), was an American poet.


First Line:
Cibola, Seven Cities of, were seven legendary cities in what is now the Southwestern United States.


First Line:
Cicada, is a heavy-bodied insect with four thin wings that it folds over its body like a roof.


First Line:
Cicero, Marcus Tullius, (106-43 B.C.), was a great Roman orator and statesman.


First Line:
Cid, The (1043?-1099), also called El Cid, is one of Spain's national heroes.


First Line:
Cider is a beverage made from the juice pressed out of apples.


First Line:
Cigar is a tight roll of dried tobacco used for smoking.


First Line:
Cigarette is a roll of shredded tobacco wrapped in paper.


First Line:
Cilia, are tiny, hairlike structures that project from certain kinds of cells.


First Line:
Cimabue, Giovanni (1240?-1302?), an Italian painter, was the first famous painter of the city of Florence.


First Line:
Cimmerians were nomads who lived in what is now southern Ukraine from about 1200 B.C. to 700 B.C.


First Line:
Cimon, (507?-450 or 449 B.C.), was a military and political leader in ancient Athens.


First Line:
Cinchona, is the name of a group of valuable South American trees and shrubs.


First Line:
Cincinnati, is a major industrial and commercial center of the Midwest.


First Line:
Cincinnati, Society of the, is an organization of men descended from commissioned officers who served in the Continental Army or Navy during the Revolutionary War in America (1775-1783).


First Line:
Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctius, (519?-439? B.C.), a Roman statesman and general, was a legendary model of patriotism.


First Line:
Cinco de Mayo, is a holiday celebrated on May 5 by Mexicans and Mexican Americans.


First Line:
Cineraria, is a group of herbs that belong to the composite family.


First Line:
Cinnabar is a bright red mineral consisting of mercury and sulfur.


First Line:
Cinnamon is a popular spice used in cooking and for flavoring candies and preserves.


First Line:
Cinquefoil, is the name of about 500 species of plants that belong to the rose family.


First Line:
Circe, a beautiful enchantress in Greek mythology, had the power to turn men into beasts.


First Line:
Circuit rider was an important figure in pioneer times in America.


First Line:
Circulatory system is a network that carries blood throughout the body.


First Line:
Circumcision is the surgical removal of the skin that covers the head of the penis.


First Line:
Circus is a live production that features daring and graceful acts by a cast of acrobats, aerial artists, animal trainers, and other performers.


First Line:
Cirrhosis, is a disease of the liver in which scar tissue forms throughout the organ.


First Line:
Cisneros, Henry Gabriel (1947-...), became the first Hispanic American to serve as United States secretary of housing and urban development.


First Line:
Cistercians are monks and nuns who belong to two Roman Catholic religious orders throughout the world.


First Line:
Citadel, is a high, walled fortress built to defend a city.


First Line:
Citibank is one of the largest banks in the world.


First Line:
Cities of refuge were six cities of ancient Palestine.


First Line:
Citizens band radio is a method of short-distance communication used by private citizens.


First Line:
Citizenship is full membership in a nation or in some other unit of government.


First Line:
Citizenship Day is celebrated in the United States each year on September 17.


First Line:
Citrange, is a hybrid plant derived from the sweet orange and the trifoliate orange.


First Line:
Citric, acid is a common organic acid that gives lemons, oranges, and other citrus fruits their sour taste.


First Line:
Citrin, is a chemical substance that belongs to a group of chemicals called flavonoids.


First Line:
Citron, is a large, usually sour fruit much like the lemon.


First Line:
Citronella, is an oil used in perfumes and in citronella candles.


First Line:
Citrus, is the name of a group of trees and shrubs which belong to the rue family.


First Line:
City is a community where thousands-or even millions-of people live and work.


First Line:
City government manages the affairs of and provides services for cities, towns, villages, and other communities.


First Line:
City planning is the process of preparing programs to guide the development of cities and towns.


First Line:
City-state is an independent or nearly independent state in which political and cultural activities are concentrated in a single urban center.


First Line:
Ciudad Bolivar, (pop. 225,846; met. area pop. 247,593), is a major port and commercial city on the Orinoco River in eastern Venezuela.


First Line:
Civet, is a furry mammal that looks somewhat like a long, slender cat.


First Line:
Civics is the study of the rights and responsibilities of citizens.


First Line:
Civil Air Patrol (CAP) is the volunteer civilian auxiliary of the United States Air Force.


First Line:
Civil defense is a government program that provides guidance and assistance in preparing for, responding to, and recovering from public emergencies.


First Line:
Civil disobedience is the deliberate and public refusal to obey a law.


First Line:
Civil law is a term with several meanings.


First Line:
Civil rights are the freedoms and rights that a person may have as a member of a community, state, or nation.


First Line:
Civil Rights, Commission on, is an independent agency of the United States government.


First Line:
Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a United States law that bans discrimination because of a person's color, race, national origin, religion, or sex.


First Line:
Civil service is a system that includes almost all of a government's civilian employees who are appointed rather than elected.


First Line:
Civil War (1861-1865) took more American lives than any other war in history.


First Line:
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was an agency authorized by the government to hire unemployed young men for public conservation work.


First Line:
Civilization is a way of life that arose after people began to live in cities or in societies organized as states.


First Line:
Civitan, International is an association of service clubs dedicated to good citizenship.


First Line:
Claiborne's, Rebellion was a series of conflicts in the 1630's and 1640's in which William Claiborne, a Virginia fur trader, refused to accept the authority of Leonard Calvert, the governor of Maryland.


First Line:
Clair, Rene, (1898-1981), was a French motion-picture director.


First Line:
Clairvoyance, is an awareness of events, objects, or people without the use of the senses of hearing, sight, smell, taste, or touch.


First Line:
Clam is an animal whose soft body is covered with a protective shell.


First Line:
Clan is a group of people who are related through a common ancestor.


First Line:
Clarendon, Earl of (1609-1674), played a leading part in restoring the monarchy in England in 1660.


First Line:
Clark is the family name of two Americans--father and son--who held important government positions.


First Line:
Clark, Abraham (1726-1794), was an American political leader during the Revolutionary War in America (1775-1783) and a New Jersey signer of the Declaration of Independence.


First Line:
Clark, George Rogers (1752-1818), was an American frontiersman and soldier who won important victories in the Northwest Territory during the Revolutionary War in America (1775-1783).


First Line:
Clark, Kenneth Bancroft (1914-...), an African American educator and psychologist, became known for his studies on school segregation and its effects on students.


First Line:
Clark, Mark Wayne (1896-1984), was a leading United States general of World War II (1939-1945).


First Line:
Clark, William (1770-1838), was an American explorer.


First Line:
Clarke, Arthur C. (1917-...), is a British-born author of science fiction and related nonfiction. His novels are noted for their blend of scientific accuracy and spiritual optimism, and many of them describe the exploration of other worlds.


First Line:
Class action is a lawsuit brought by a group of people who have similar claims.


First Line:
Classical music is music composed chiefly for concerts, opera, ballet, and religious services.


First Line:
Classicism is a philosophy of art and life that emphasizes order, balance, and simplicity.


First Line:
Classification, Scientific. Scientific classification is a method scientists have developed to arrange all of the world's organisms in related groups.


First Line:
Claude (1600-1682) was a French painter who established a tradition of landscape painting that influenced artists in Europe and America for 200 years.


First Line:
Claudel, Paul (1868-1955), was a French writer and diplomat.


First Line:
Claudius (10 B.C.-A.D. 54) was the emperor of Rome from A.D. 41 to 54.


First Line:
Clause is a group of words with a subject and a predicate.


First Line:
Clausewitz, Karl von (1780-1831), was a Prussian army officer and military theorist.


First Line:
Clausius, Rudolf Julius Emmanuel (1822-1888), a German physicist, helped establish thermodynamics as a science.


First Line:
Clavichord, is a keyboard musical instrument that was a forerunner of the piano.


First Line:
Clay is a substance present in most kinds of soil.


First Line:
Clay, Cassius Marcellus (1810-1903), was an American politician and abolitionist.


First Line:
Clay, Henry (1777-1852), was a leading American statesman for nearly 50 years.


First Line:
Clayton, John Middleton (1796-1856), was an American political leader.


First Line:
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, signed by the United States and Britain in 1850, gave both countries an equal share in the protection of a canal to be built through Central America.


First Line:
Clearinghouse is an institution used by banks to exchange checks and to establish claims against each other that result from financial transactions.


First Line:
Cleary, Beverly (1916-...), is an American author of books for children.


First Line:
Cleaver, Eldridge (1935-1998), became known for preaching the doctrine of Black Power.


First Line:
Cleft palate, is a birth defect in which there is a split in the roof of the mouth.


First Line:
Cleisthenes, was a statesman in ancient Athens.


First Line:
Clematis, is any one of a group of perennial herbs or woody vines that grow throughout North America, Europe, and Asia.


First Line:
Clemenceau, Georges, (1841-1929), a French statesman, led France triumphantly through the last and most difficult period of World War I. In 1917, at age 76, he became premier of France for the second time.


First Line:
Clemens, Roger (1962-...), ranks among the most dominating pitchers in American baseball history.


First Line:
Clement I, Saint (?-about A.D. 101), was elected pope about A.D. 92.


First Line:
Clement VII (1342-1394) was an antipope--that is, a man determined to have improperly claimed to be or served as pope.


First Line:
Clement VII (1478-1534) was elected pope in 1523 and reigned during a stormy period in European religious and political affairs.


First Line:
Clement VIII (1536-1605) was elected pope in 1592, during the time of renewal and reform in the Roman Catholic Church known as the Counter Reformation.


First Line:
Clemente, Roberto (1934-1972), a Puerto Rican athlete, was one of the greatest baseball players in history.


First Line:
Clementi, Muzio, (1752-1832), was an Italian composer best known for his piano music.


First Line:
Cleopatra, (69-30 B.C.), was a queen of ancient Egypt and one of the most fascinating women in history.


First Line:
Cleopatra's, Needles are two famous obelisks (tall pillars of stone) from ancient Egypt.


First Line:
Clerestory, is an architectural term for the row of windows in a wall that rises above adjacent roofs.


First Line:
Clerk of court is an officer of a court of justice who performs many important administrative duties.


First Line:
Clermont was the first commercially successful steamboat.


First Line:
Cleveland is the largest metropolitan area in Ohio and one of the leading industrial centers of the United States.


First Line:
Cleveland, Grover (1837-1908), was the only president who served two terms that did not directly follow each other.


First Line:
Cliburn, Van (1934-...), is an American concert pianist.


First Line:
Click beetle is the name used for any one of a group of beetles that spring and snap.


First Line:
Clifford, Clark McAdams (1906-1998), was United States secretary of defense under President Lyndon B. Johnson from March 1968 to January 1969.


First Line:
Climate is the weather of a place averaged over a length of time.


First Line:
Climbing, also called rock climbing, is the sport of ascending steep rock surfaces.


First Line:
Climbing perch is a group of about 40 species of small freshwater fish that can move and breathe out of water.


First Line:
Cline, Patsy (1932-1963), was a popular American country music singer.


First Line:
Clingmans Dome is the highest peak in the Great Smoky Mountains and in Tennessee.


First Line:
Clinical psychology is the scientific study, diagnosis, and treatment of people who have psychological problems adjusting to themselves and the environment.


First Line:
Clinton, Bill (1946-...), served as president of the United States from 1993 to 2001.


First Line:
Clinton, De Witt (1769-1828), an American statesman, promoted the building of the Erie Canal.


First Line:
Clinton, George (1739-1812), an American statesman and soldier, served as vice president of the United States from 1805 until his death.


First Line:
Clinton, Sir Henry (1730-1795), served as commander in chief of the British Army from 1778 to 1781, during the Revolutionary War in America.


First Line:
Clinton, Hillary Rodham (1947-...), a Democrat, was elected in 2000 to represent New York in the United States Senate.


First Line:
Clipper ship was a fast, slender sailing vessel that was developed in the United States in the mid-1800's.


First Line:
Clive, Robert (1725-1774), was the British administrator and military leader who brought India into the British Empire.


First Line:
Clock is an instrument that shows the time.


First Line:
Cloister, in architecture, refers to a covered walk that encloses the courtyard of a monastery, convent, church, or college.


First Line:
Clone is the name for a group of organisms or other living matter with exactly the same genetic material.


First Line:
Closed captioning is a system that presents the dialogue and sound effects of television programs and prerecorded movies as text on a television screen.


First Line:
Closed shop is a workshop or an industry in which only members of a labor union may be hired.


First Line:
Clothing includes all the different garments, accessories, and ornaments worn by people throughout the world.


First Line:
Cloture, also called closure, shuts off debate in a legislative body.


First Line:
Cloud is a mass of water droplets or ice crystals so small that the tiniest puff of wind can prevent them from falling.


First Line:
Cloudburst is a sudden heavy rain falling for a short period of time in a small area.


First Line:
Clove is the name given to the dried flower buds of a tropical tree.


First Line:
Clover is a valuable crop used to feed farm animals and to enrich the soil.


First Line:
Clovis, I (466?-511), a Frankish king, became the first powerful ruler of the Merovingian dynasty, the founders of the French state.


First Line:
Clown is a type of comic performer who usually works in a circus.


First Line:
Club is a group of persons organized for some particular purpose, such as social enjoyment and entertainment.


First Line:
Club moss is any one of a group of plants that look somewhat like large mosses.


First Line:
Clubfoot is an abnormal condition of the foot, usually present at birth.


First Line:
Clumber spaniel is a short, heavy hunting dog.


First Line:
Clyde, River, is the chief commercial waterway in Scotland.


First Line:
Clymer, George (1739-1813), a Philadelphia merchant and politician, was one of six people who signed both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States.


First Line:
Clytemnestra, was a princess in Greek mythology.


First Line:
Cnidarian, is the name of a group of soft-bodied water animals.


First Line:
Coach is a four-wheeled vehicle drawn by animals.


First Line:
Coagulant, is any substance that causes a fluid to clot, or thicken.


First Line:
Coal is a black or brown rock that can be ignited and burned.


First Line:
Coal tar is a thick, black, sticky liquid obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of coke and coke oven gas from soft coal.


First Line:
Coalition, is a combination of political interest groups working toward a mutual goal.


First Line:
Coanda, Henri-Marie, (1885-1972), was a Romanian aviation pioneer, engineer, and inventor.


First Line:
Coast Guard, United States, is a branch of the armed services.


First Line:
Coast Ranges are a system of mountain ranges that forms the western coast of North America for about 2,500 miles (4,020 kilometers).


First Line:
Coati, also called coatimundi pronounced koh AH tee MUHN dee, is a member of the raccoon family.


First Line:
Coatsworth, Elizabeth (1893-1986), was an American author best known for her children's books.


First Line:
Coaxial cable is an electrical conductor that is used to transmit telephone calls, cable television programs, computer signals, and other communications.


First Line:
Cobalt is a silver-white metallic element used chiefly in alloys.


First Line:
Cobb, Ty (1886-1961), was one of the greatest and most exciting players in baseball history.


First Line:
Cobbett, William (1763?-1835), was a British journalist known for his fearless attacks and satirical wit.


First Line:
Cobden, Richard (1804-1865), was a British manufacturer and statesman who vigorously urged free trade.


First Line:
Cobra, is any one of a group of poisonous "hooded" snakes.


First Line:
Coca, is the name of a large group of tropical South American shrubs or small trees.


First Line:
Cocaine, is a powerful drug made from leaves of the coca shrub of South America.


First Line:
Cochise, (1800?-1874), was an American Indian chief who fought white settlers in what are now Arizona and New Mexico.


First Line:
Cochran, Jacqueline (1912-1980), was an American businesswoman and pioneer airplane pilot.


First Line:
Cock-of-the-rock is the name of two species of South American birds.


First Line:
Cockatiel, also spelled cockateel, is a type of parrot.


First Line:
Cockatoo, is the name of several large parrots.


First Line:
Cockcroft, Sir John Douglas (1897-1967), a British nuclear physicist, won the 1951 Nobel Prize in physics with Ernest T. S. Walton for being first to disintegrate atomic nuclei with artificially accelerated particles.


First Line:
Cocker spaniel, sometimes called the American cocker, is one of the most popular dogs in the United States.


First Line:
Cockfield, Lord (1916-...), Francis Arthur Cockfield, is a British politician and a Conservative Party life peer.


First Line:
Cockfighting is a sport in which two gamecocks (fighting roosters) battle each other to the death.


First Line:
Cockle is the name of a common group of clams.


First Line:
Cocklebur is the name of certain species of annual weeds belonging to the composite family.


First Line:
Cockney is a nickname for a citizen of London, particularly one from the East End area.


First Line:
Cockroach is an insect best known as a household pest.


First Line:
Cockscomb is a flower with white, yellow, red, or purple heads shaped like a rooster's comb or like an ostrich plume.


First Line:
Coconut palm is the tall, graceful tree on which the coconut grows.


First Line:
Cocoon is a protective covering that encloses the pupa and sometimes the larva of many insects.


First Line:
Cocteau, Jean, (1889-1963), a French writer, often used his many talents to shock the public.


First Line:
Cod-liver oil is a yellow, fishy-smelling oil obtained from the livers of codfish.


First Line:
Code, in law, combines all the laws on a given subject in a single statute or ordinance.


First Line:
Code Napoleon, is the name often given to the code that contains the civil, as distinguished from the criminal, law of France.


First Line:
Codeine, also called methylmorphine, is a drug used to relieve pain and coughing.


First Line:
Codes and ciphers are forms of secret communication.


First Line:
Codling moth is a small brown and bronze-colored moth.


First Line:
Cody, John Patrick Cardinal (1907-1982), was archbishop of Chicago from 1965 until his death in 1982.


First Line:
Coeducation is the teaching of males and females together in the same class or school.


First Line:
Coelacanth, is a primitive type of fish found in the western Indian Ocean.


First Line:
Coelom, is the body cavity of vertebrates and higher invertebrates.


First Line:
Coen, Jan Pieterszoon (1587-1629), served two terms as governor general of the Netherlands Indies.


First Line:
Coeur d'Alene, Mountains form the northern part of the Bitterroot Range of the Rocky Mountains.


First Line:
Coffee is a drink made from the roasted and ground beans of the coffee plant.


First Line:
Coffee house was a type of cafe that served as a center of business, cultural, and political life in Britain.


First Line:
Cofferdam is a temporary walled enclosure used in construction.


First Line:
Coffin, Robert Peter Tristram (1892-1955), was an American author best known for his poems about Maine, his native state.


First Line:
Cohan, George M. (1878-1942), was a leading figure in the American theater during the early 1900's. Cohan wrote more than 40 plays and musicals, and he produced, directed, and starred in most of them.


First Line:
Cohen, Leonard (1934-...), is a Canadian poet and novelist.


First Line:
Cohen, William Sebastian (1940-...), was United States secretary of defense from 1997 to 2001, under President Bill Clinton.


First Line:
Cohesion, is the force that holds a material together.


First Line:
Coin collecting is one of the most popular hobbies in the world.


First Line:
Coke is a hard, grayish substance obtained when soft coal is heated in an airtight coke oven.


First Line:
Coke oven gas, also called coal gas, is the gas obtained when coal is heated in an airtight place.


First Line:
Cola di Rienzo, (1313?-1354), was an Italian leader who turned from a freedom-loving reformer into a tyrant.


First Line:
Colbert, Jean Baptiste, (1619-1683), a French statesman, served King Louis XIV as superintendent of finance from 1661 until his death.


First Line:
Colchicum, is a poisonous plant that grows wild in the moist meadowlands of England, Ireland, and of middle and southern Europe.


First Line:
Cold, Common. The common cold results from any of a number of viral infections of the upper respiratory tract.


First Line:
Cold-blooded animal is an animal that has little physiological control over its body temperature.


First Line:
Cold frame is a boxlike structure built or placed on the ground to protect plants during cold weather.


First Line:
Cold sore is a cluster of small blisters caused by a virus called herpes simplex virus.


First Line:
Cold storage is a method of storing foods and other perishable products by holding them at low temperatures above freezing and in moist air.


First Line:
Cold War is the term used to describe the intense rivalry that developed after World War II between groups of Communist and non-Communist nations.


First Line:
Cole, Nat "King" (1917-1965), was an American singer and pianist.


First Line:
Cole, Thomas (1801-1848), was a leader of the first group of American landscape painters.


First Line:
Coleman, William Thaddeus, Jr. (1920-...), was United States secretary of transportation from 1975 to 1977. Coleman, appointed by President Gerald R. Ford, was the second African American Cabinet member in U.S. history.


First Line:
Colenso, William (1811-1899), was an English-born printer, missionary, and scientist who printed the first books in New Zealand.


First Line:
Coleraine, (pop. 51,060) is a local government district in Northern Ireland.


First Line:
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor (1772-1834), was a poet, philosopher, and critic of the English Romantic movement.


First Line:
Colette, (1873-1954), was a French author.


First Line:
Coleus, is the name for a group of plants native to tropical and nearly tropical areas of Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Pacific Islands.


First Line:
Colfax, Schuyler, (1823-1885), served as Vice President of the United States from 1869 to 1873 during the first term of President Ulysses S. Grant.


First Line:
Colic, is a severe cramping pain resulting from the contraction of any of the hollow, muscular abdominal organs, such as the stomach and intestines.


First Line:
Colitis, is a disease involving inflammation of the colon or other parts of the large intestine.


First Line:
Collage, is a picture or design made by gluing pieces of paper or other materials onto a canvas or another surface.


First Line:
Collagen, is a protein found throughout the bodies of human beings and animals.


First Line:
Collarbone is a long, slender, curved bone that connects the breastbone with a hooklike projection on the shoulder blade.


First Line:
Collards, are the leaves of the collard plant, a vegetable related to the cabbage.


First Line:
Collection agency is an organization that collects the payment of past-due bills.


First Line:
Collective behavior is a term in sociology that refers to how people act in crowds and other large, relatively unorganized groups.


First Line:
Collective farm is a farm operated by a group cooperatively.


First Line:
Collectivism is a political and economic system in which the government or the people as a group own the land, factories, and other means of production.


First Line:
College entrance examination is a test or a series of tests that helps determine whether a person meets the admission requirements of a college or university.


First Line:
Collie is a breed of dog that originated in Scotland, probably during the 1600's.


First Line:
Collins, Eileen Marie (1956-...), is the first American woman to pilot a spacecraft.


First Line:
Collingwood, Lord (1750-1810), Cuthbert Collingwood, was a British admiral who played a prominent part in the wars against revolutionary and Napoleonic France.


First Line:
Collins, Wilkie (1824-1889), an English author, was one of the most successful writers of detective fiction in the 1800's.


First Line:
Collodi, Carlo (1826-1890), an Italian author, wrote the famous children's story The Adventures of Pinocchio (1883).


First Line:
Colloid, is a material composed of tiny particles of one substance that are dispersed (distributed), but not dissolved, in another substance.


First Line:
Colobus, is a type of monkey that lives in Africa south of the Sahara to the Zambezi River.


First Line:
Cologne, (pop. 953,551), is a city in western Germany.


First Line:
Colombia, is a country in northwestern South America.


First Line:
Colombo, (pop. 683,000), is the administrative capital and largest city of Sri Lanka.


First Line:
Colombo, Plan provides assistance for economic development to countries of South and Southeast Asia.


First Line:
Colon, (pop. 59,840), is the third largest city in Panama.


First Line:
Colon, is a mark of punctuation shown as :.


First Line:
Colon, is a part of the large intestine.


First Line:
Colon cancer is the common name for an uncontrolled division of cells in the large intestine.


First Line:
Colonial Dames of America, National Society of the, is a society of women organized in 1891 to create an interest in American colonial history.


First Line:
Colonial life in America. The story of the American colonists tells of the men, women, and children who left behind the Old World of Europe for a new life in North America.


First Line:
Colonialism is the policy or practice by which one country installs a settlement of its people on the lands of another society.


First Line:
Colony is a settlement established by people outside their native land, and ruled by the mother country.


First Line:
Color blindness, sometimes called color vision deficiency, color defective vision, or daltonism, is the inability to tell all colors apart.


First Line:
Colorado is a state of unusual natural beauty in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States.


First Line:
Colorado, University of, is a state-supported coeducational university with campuses in Boulder, Colorado Springs, and Denver.


First Line:
Colorado Desert occupies about 2,000 square miles (5,200 square kilometers) of southeastern California.


First Line:
Colorado National Monument, in western Colorado, includes many strange rock formations, such as Devil's Kitchen, Window Rock, and Independence Monument.


First Line:
Colorado River, one of the major rivers in the United States, is 1,450 miles (2,334 kilometers) long.


First Line:
Colorado Springs, Colorado (pop. 360,890; met. area pop. 516,929), is a tourist and recreation center located in the Rocky Mountains.


First Line:
Colosseum, also called the Flavian Amphitheater pronounced FLAY vee uhn AM fuh thee uh tuhr was the largest outdoor theater of ancient Rome.


First Line:
Colossians, Epistle to the, is the 12th book of the New Testament.


First Line:
Colostomy, is a surgical procedure that creates an opening between the colon (part of the large intestine) and the surface of the body.


First Line:
Colt, Samuel (1814-1862), developed the first successful repeating pistol.


First Line:
Colter, John (1775?-1813), an American explorer, was the first white person to visit the area that is now Yellowstone National Park.


First Line:
Coltrane, John William (1926-1967), was a jazz saxophonist and composer.


First Line:
Coltsfoot is a wild plant native to Europe and Asia.


First Line:
Colum, Padraic, (1881-1972), was an Irish playwright, poet, biographer, short-story writer, essayist, folklorist, and children's author.


First Line:
Columbia is a name sometimes used in referring to the United States.


First Line:
Columbia, Missouri (pop. 84,531; met. area pop. 135,454), is an important regional center of education and health care.


First Line:
Columbia, South Carolina (pop. 116,278; met. area pop. 536,691), is the state's capital and largest city.


First Line:
Columbia River is one of the chief rivers of the Western United States and Canada.


First Line:
Columbia University is a coeducational, privately endowed university in New York City.


First Line:
Columbine, is the name of a group of flowering plants that occur naturally in Asia, Europe, and North America.


First Line:
Columbite, is a black, dense mineral made up of iron, manganese, niobium, oxygen, and, in some cases, tantalum.


First Line:
Columbus, Georgia (pop. 186,291; met. area pop. 274,624), is the state's second-largest city.


First Line:
Columbus, Ohio, is the capital and largest city of the state.


First Line:
Columbus, Christopher (1451-1506), was an outstanding navigator and organizer of expeditions.


First Line:
Columbus Day honors Christopher Columbus' first voyage to America in 1492.


First Line:
Column is a freestanding vertical architectural element.


First Line:
Coma is a state of deep unconsciousness.


First Line:
Comanche, Indians were a southern Plains tribe that hunted buffalo from Nebraska to northern Mexico.


First Line:
Comaneci, Nadia, (1961-...), a Romanian gymnast, became the first gymnast to receive a perfect score of 10 in the Olympic Games.


First Line:
Combine is a farm machine that cuts and threshes grain or other crops in one operation.


First Line:
Combustion is a chemical reaction that gives off heat and light.


First Line:
Comedy is a form of drama that deals with humorous or ridiculous aspects of human behavior.


First Line:
Comenius, John Amos (1592-1670), was a Czech educational reformer and religious leader.


First Line:
Comet, is an icy body that normally travels around the sun in a long, oval orbit.


First Line:
Comics is an art form in which two or more cartoon pictures appear in a sequence.


First Line:
Commager, Henry Steele (1902-1998), an American educator and historian, won high praise for his books The Growth of the American Republic (with Samuel E. Morison, 1931) and America: the Story of a Free People (with Allan Nevins, 1942).


First Line:
Commander in chief has supreme command of a nation's armed services.


First Line:
Commander Islands, also called Komandorskiye Islands, are a Russian island group in the Bering Sea, east of the Kamchatka Peninsula.


First Line:
Commando is the British term for a soldier who is trained to take part in specialized hit-and-run or raiding operations.


First Line:
Commerce, Department of, is an executive department of the United States government that promotes the nation's economic development, international trade, and technological advancement.


First Line:
Commercial art includes many types of art used for business purposes as well as illustration.


First Line:
Commercial paper is a term used broadly to describe business documents that are either orders or promises to pay money.


First Line:
Commission, Military, is a written order and oath of service giving an officer rank in the armed services.


First Line:
Committee of the whole is a committee composed of all the members present at a meeting of an organization.


First Line:
Committees of correspondence were organized by towns, counties, and colonies before and during the Revolutionary War in America (1775-1783).


First Line:
Committees of safety sprang up in the colonies to carry on necessary functions of government during the Revolutionary War in America.


First Line:
Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) is a corporation within the United States Department of Agriculture.


First Line:
Commodity exchange is a centralized market for buyers and sellers of contracts related to a wide range of items.


First Line:
Common carrier is a person or company that transports passengers and goods by water, land, or air for a fee.


First Line:
Common Cause is a citizens' organization that works for political and social reform in the United States.


First Line:
Common law is a body of rulings made by judges on the basis of community customs and previous court decisions.


First Line:
Common market is an economic union of nations.


First Line:
Commoner, Barry (1917-...), is an American biologist and educator.


First Line:
Commonwealth is a term sometimes used for a state, a country, or a group of states and countries.


First Line:
Commonwealth Games are an amateur sports competition for members of the Commonwealth of Nations.


First Line:
Commonwealth of England was the name given to England when it became a republic after the execution of King Charles I in 1649.


First Line:
Commonwealth of Independent States is a loose association of nations that were formerly republics of the Soviet Union.


First Line:
Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries and other political units that have lived under British law and government.


First Line:
Communal, society is a community formed by people who believe that they can make a better life together than any of them could make alone.


First Line:
Commune is the smallest district of local government in France and some other countries.


First Line:
Communication is the sharing of information.


First Line:
Communications satellite is an artificial satellite that receives radio, television, and other signals in space and relays them back to earth.


First Line:
Communications Satellite Corporation (COMSAT), a private corporation, was a leading provider of communications satellite services in the United States and overseas during the late 1900's.


First Line:
Communion, in Christian churches, is the sacrament (holy ceremony) of the Lord's Supper.


First Line:
Communism is a political and economic system that became one of the most powerful forces in the world.


First Line:
Community, in the social sciences, is a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs and who may live in the same area.


First Line:
Community college is an institution that offers additional training beyond high school.


First Line:
Community property is the property husbands and wives own together under the laws of nine states-Arizona, California, Idaho, Louisiana, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.


First Line:
Comoros, is an archipelago (group of islands) in the Indian Ocean between the mainland of Africa and the island country of Madagascar.


First Line:
Compact disc is a round, flat platter on which recorded music, computer data, or other information is stored in the form of digital (numerical) code.


First Line:
Comparative psychology is the study of differences and similarities in the behavior of animals of different species.


First Line:
Comparison, in grammar, is the inflection of some adjectives and adverbs to express a greater or smaller degree of the quality the word denotes.


First Line:
Compass is a device for determining direction.


First Line:
Compass plant is a coarse plant that grows in the midwestern United States.


First Line:
Competency-based education refers to educational programs that require students to master certain skills or objectives.


First Line:
Composite, family is the common name for a large family of flowering plants.


First Line:
Composite materials are solid substances that are produced by combining two or more separate ingredients.


First Line:
Composition, in writing, is putting together words to create thought.


First Line:
Compost is a kind of soil conditioner made from partly decayed plant material.


First Line:
Compound is a substance that contains more than one kind of atom.


First Line:
Compound eye is a type of eye that has many tiny lenses close together.


First Line:
Compromise of 1850 was a series of acts passed in 1850, by which the United States Congress hoped to settle the strife between opponents of slavery in the North and slaveowners in the South.


First Line:
Computed tomography, (CT), is an X-ray system used to produce images of various parts of the body, such as the head, chest, and abdomen.


First Line:
Computer is a device that processes information with astonishing speed and accuracy.


First Line:
Computer chip is a tiny piece of material, usually silicon, that contains a complex electronic circuit.


First Line:
Computer graphics is a term that refers both to the use of computers to create or change images and to the images themselves.


First Line:
Computerized instruction is the use of a computer system to provide or supplement a learner's education.


First Line:
Comstock Law is a United States law that prohibits the mailing of indecent materials or of information about birth control or abortion.


First Line:
Comstock Lode was the greatest silver-mining center in the United States during the 1800's.


First Line:
Comte, Auguste, (1798-1857), was a French social thinker and philosopher.


First Line:
Conakry, (pop. 705,280), is the capital, largest city, and chief port of Guinea.


First Line:
Conant, James Bryant (1893-1978), was an American chemist, educator, and government official.


First Line:
Concentration camp is a place where people are imprisoned, and in some cases killed, without legal proceedings.


First Line:
Concertina, is a musical instrument in which metal reeds are made to vibrate by air pressure produced by opening and closing a bellows.


First Line:
Concerto, is a musical composition played by one or more solo instruments and an orchestra.


First Line:
Conch, is any large sea snail with a heavy, spiral shell.


First Line:
Concord, Massachusetts (pop. 16,993), is noted for its historic and literary attractions.


First Line:
Concord, New Hampshire (pop. 40,687), is the capital and one of the largest cities of the state.


First Line:
Concord, Battle of, took place at Concord, Massachusetts, on April 19, 1775, and marked the second clash between the patriots and the British in the Revolutionary War in America.


First Line:
Concussion is a temporary disturbance of brain function caused by a sudden blow to the head.


First Line:
Condominium, is a type of multifamily housing in which each dwelling is a separate piece of real estate.


First Line:
Condor is either of two large vultures found in the Western Hemisphere.


First Line:
Condorcet, Marquis de (1743-1794), was a French philosopher.


First Line:
Cone, in geometry, is a solid figure whose base lies on a plane and is bounded by a closed curve called the directrix.


First Line:
Conestoga wagon was a sturdy, colorful wagon used by American pioneers.


First Line:
Confederate States of America was the name taken by six Southern states when they organized their own government at Montgomery, Alabama, in February 1861.


First Line:
Confederation of Canada was the union of British colonies that formed the Dominion of Canada in 1867.


First Line:
Confession, in law, is a voluntary statement in which a person admits being guilty of a crime and describes how the crime occurred.


First Line:
Confirmation is a religious ceremony practiced by several faiths.


First Line:
Conflict of interest occurs if an individual has a financial or other interest in a company doing business with his or her employer.


First Line:
Confucianism is a philosophy based on the ideas of the Chinese philosopher Confucius.


First Line:
Confucius, (551?-479? B.C.), was the most influential and respected philosopher in Chinese history.


First Line:
Conga drum is a percussion instrument chiefly used in Latin American music.


First Line:
Congleton (pop. 82,900) is a local government district in Cheshire, England.


First Line:
Conglomerate, in business, is a large corporation that controls or owns a number of companies that generally operate in unrelated markets.


First Line:
Congo (Brazzaville) is a hot, humid country in west-central Africa.


First Line:
Congo (Kinshasa) is a large country in the heart of Africa.


First Line:
Congo River is the fifth longest river in the world.


First Line:
Congregationalists are members of a Protestant religious group.


First Line:
Congress comes from a Latin word that means a meeting.


First Line:
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) was an association of labor unions active from 1938 to 1955.


