# First Line

First Line:
Nabrit, James Madison, Jr. (1900-1997), won fame as a lawyer, university president, and diplomat. From 1960 to 1969, he was president of Howard University.


First Line:
Nader, Ralph (1934-...), an American lawyer, became famous for fighting business and government practices he felt endangered public health and safety.


First Line:
Nadir, is the point in space directly below where one stands.


First Line:
Nagasaki, (pop. 444,599), is the Japanese city with which Westerners have had the longest contact.


First Line:
Nagoya, (pop. 2,154,793), is one of the largest cities in Japan.


First Line:
Nahum, Book of, is a book of the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament, named for an Israelite prophet.


First Line:
Nahyan, Zayed bin Sultan al- (1916-...), became president of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in 1971.


First Line:
Nail is the most widely used fastener for attaching one piece of wood to another.


First Line:
Nail is a tough plate that covers the upper surface at the end of each finger and toe.


First Line:
Naipaul, V. S. (1932-...), is a West Indian-born novelist, travel writer, and social commentator. He writes about many cultures and societies throughout the world.


First Line:
Nairobi, (pop. 1,162,189), is the capital of Kenya and the most important commercial center in eastern Africa.


First Line:
Naismith, James (1861-1939), invented the game of basketball in 1891 (see Basketball).


First Line:
Namath, Joe (1943-...), became one of professional football's most successful and colorful quarterbacks while playing for the New York Jets from 1965 to 1976.


First Line:
Name. Everyone has a name, unless some extraordinary circumstance has isolated a person from all human contact.


First Line:
Namibia, is a country in southwestern Africa.


First Line:
Nancy, (pop. 102,410; met area pop. 310,628), is a city in northeastern France.


First Line:
Nanjing, (pop. 2,610,594), also spelled Nan-ching or Nanking, is an important center of industry, transportation, and government in east-central China.


First Line:
Nanotechnology, is the precise manipulation of individual atoms and molecules to create larger structures.


First Line:
Nansen, Fridtjof, (1861-1930), was a famous Norwegian polar explorer.


First Line:
Nantes, (pop. 252,029; met. area pop. 492,255), is a port city in western France, near the mouth of the Loire River.


First Line:
Nantes, Edict of, was the first official recognition of religious toleration by a great European country.


First Line:
Nantucket, Massachusetts (pop. 9,520), is a summer resort on Nantucket Island, off the coast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.


First Line:
Napalm, is a powder used to thicken gasoline for use in war.


First Line:
Naphtha, is any liquid composed only of hydrogen and carbon that boils below 450 °F (233 °C).


First Line:
Napier, John (1550-1617), Laird of Merchiston, was a Scottish mathematician.


First Line:
Naples, (pop. 1,067,365), is the third largest city of Italy.


First Line:
Naples, Bay of, is an inlet of the Tyrrhenian Sea on the southwest coast of Italy near the city of Naples.


First Line:
Napoleon I (1769-1821), also known as Napoleon Bonaparte, crowned himself emperor of the French.


First Line:
Napoleon II (1811-1832), Duke of Reichstadt, was the son of Emperor Napoleon I of France and his second wife, Marie Louise of Austria.


First Line:
Napoleon III (1808-1873) ruled as emperor of France from 1852 to 1870.


First Line:
Narcissus, is the name of a large group of early spring flowers with lovely blossoms.


First Line:
Narcissus, in Greek mythology, was a handsome youth who was courted by many lovers for his beauty.


First Line:
Narcolepsy, is a disease that causes excessive sleepiness.


First Line:
Narcotic is a substance that has a strong depressant effect upon the human nervous system.


First Line:
Narragansett, Indians were a tribe that lived on the west side of Narragansett Bay, in what is now Rhode Island.


First Line:
Narvaez, Panfilo de, (1470?-1528), was a Spanish soldier, explorer, and Indian fighter.


First Line:
Narwhal, is an unusual whale of the Arctic.


First Line:
Nasby, Petroleum Vesuvius (1833-1888), was the pen name of David Ross Locke, a popular American humorist.


First Line:
Nash, Charles William (1864-1948), was a pioneer in the United States automobile industry.


First Line:
Nash, Ogden (1902-1971), was a famous American writer of humorous and satirical poetry.


First Line:
Nashua, (pop. 86,605; met. area pop. 190,949), is the second largest city in New Hampshire.


First Line:
Nashville (pop. 569,891; met. area pop. 1,231,311) is the capital and second largest city of Tennessee.


First Line:
Naskapi, Indians are a Far North tribe that lives in Schefferville, Quebec, and in Davis Inlet, a village near Hopedale, on the northeast coast of Labrador, Canada.


First Line:
Nasmyth, James (1808-1890), a Scottish engineer, invented the steam hammer in 1839.


First Line:
Nassau, (pop. 135,437), is the capital and largest city of the Bahamas.


First Line:
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, (1918-1970), led the revolt that overthrew King Faruk in 1952 and established Egypt as a republic.


First Line:
Nast, Thomas (1840-1902), was an American political cartoonist.


First Line:
Nasturtium, is the common name of a group of perennial plants native to tropical America.


First Line:
Natal, is a historic region on the east coast of South Africa.


First Line:
Natchez, Mississippi (pop. 18,464), is the oldest city on the Mississippi River.


First Line:
Natchez, Indians were a tribe in North America whose important chiefs had total power over their subjects' lives and property.


First Line:
Natchez Trace was an important commercial and military route between Nashville, Tennessee, and Natchez, Mississippi, in the early 1800's.


First Line:
Nation is a large group of people united by a common language, ancestry, history, or culture.


First Line:
Nation, Carry Amelia Moore (1846-1911), became well known for her violent efforts to stop the sale of alcoholic liquors.


First Line:
Nation of Islam is a religious group in the United States that preaches black nationalism.


First Line:
National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is an organization that promotes research in the behavioral, biological, physical, and social sciences.


First Line:
National Aeronautic Association, also called NAA, promotes the advancement of aviation and space flight in the United States.


First Line:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is a United States government agency that conducts and coordinates research on flight within and beyond the earth's atmosphere.


First Line:
National Air and Space Museum, in Washington, D.C., features exhibits on aviation and space flight.


First Line:
National Alliance of Business (NAB) is a nonprofit organization committed to building a quality work force for the United States.


First Line:
National anthem is the official patriotic song of a nation.


First Line:
National Archives, is an independent federal agency that preserves and makes available for public use the permanently valuable records of the United States government.


First Line:
National Assessment of Educational Progress is a government program designed to evaluate the quality and progress of education in the United States.


First Line:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is a civil rights organization in the United States.


First Line:
National Association of Congregational Christian Churches is a Protestant religious fellowship.


First Line:
National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) is an organization of American manufacturing companies.


First Line:
National Baptist Convention, U.S.A., Inc., is the largest black religious body in the world and the parent organization for American black Baptists. The convention has a membership of 7,500,000 with 30,000 churches and almost 30,000 ministers.


First Line:
National Baptist Convention of America, Inc., is an organization of black Baptists. It originated with the founding of the Foreign Mission Baptist Convention in 1880.


First Line:
National budget is the financial plan for a nation's government.


First Line:
National Bureau of Economic Research is a private nonprofit corporation that conducts research on economic issues.


First Line:
National Catholic Educational Association is an organization to encourage cooperation and mutual helpfulness among Catholic educators, and to promote, by study, conference, and discussion, Catholic educational work in the United States.


First Line:
National cemetery is a burial place for men and women who served in the armed forces of the United States.


First Line:
National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) establishes athletic standards and official playing rules for college sports.


First Line:
National Conference of Christians and Jews is a nonprofit human relations organization engaged in a nationwide program to eliminate prejudice and discrimination and to promote religious, social, and ethical participation in American society.


First Line:
National Congress of American Indians is the oldest, largest, and most representative national American Indian organization in the United States.


First Line:
National Congress of Parents and Teachers is a volunteer organization that unites the forces of home, school, and community to promote the education, health, and safety of children.


First Line:
National Consumers League is an organization founded in 1899 to develop a sense of responsibility for the promotion of safety, health, and economic welfare of consumers and workers.


First Line:
National Council of Churches is an organization of 32 United States Protestant and Orthodox denominations with a combined membership of 42 million.


First Line:
National Council of Senior Citizens (NCSC) is a nonprofit organization that advances the interests of older people in the United States.


First Line:
National debt is the total amount that the federal government owes because of money it has borrowed by selling bonds or other securities.


First Line:
National Defense Education Act (NDEA) is a law enacted by the United States Congress in 1958.


First Line:
National Education Association of the United States (NEA) is the largest professional education organization in the world.


First Line:
National Farmers Organization (NFO) is an organization set up by farmers and ranchers to negotiate prices and other terms of sale for their commodities (products).


First Line:
National Farmers Union is a national federation of State Farmers Union organizations.


First Line:
National forest is an area set aside by the United States Congress to be protected and managed by the federal government.


First Line:
National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities is an independent agency of the federal government.


First Line:
National Gallery of Art, in Washington, D.C., is one of the world's leading art museums.


First Line:
National Gallery of Canada, in Ottawa, Ont., exhibits the most important collection of Canadian art in Canada.


First Line:
National Geographic Society is the world's largest nonprofit scientific and educational organization.


First Line:
National Guard is one of the organizations of the United States Army and Air Force.


First Line:
National Honor Society is an organization for high school students.


First Line:
National income is the total of all income earned in a nation during a specific period, usually a year.


First Line:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services.


First Line:
National Institute of Standards and Technology is an agency of the United States Department of Commerce.


First Line:
National Institutes of Health (NIH) is an agency of the United States government.


First Line:
National Labor Relations Act, usually called the Wagner Act, is a law that guarantees the right of workers in the United States to form unions.


First Line:
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) was created as an independent agency by Congress in 1935 to administer the National Labor Relations Act, often called the Wagner Act.


First Line:
National laboratory is any one of nine major scientific laboratories owned and supervised by the United States Department of Energy.


First Line:
National League of Cities is the largest organization that represents United States cities.


First Line:
National Mediation Board is a United States government agency that administers the Railway Labor Act.


First Line:
National Medical Association (NMA) is a professional organization that represents the interests of African American physicians.


First Line:
National Motto, United States, is In God We Trust.


First Line:
National Museum of African Art, a bureau of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., features the traditional art of Africa south of the Sahara.


First Line:
National Museum of American History features exhibits on the social, cultural, scientific, and technological development of the United States.


First Line:
National Museum of Natural History ranks as one of the world's major centers for the study of the natural sciences.


First Line:
National Naval Medical Center, in Bethesda, Maryland, is the largest United States Navy facility for medical care, research, and training.


First Line:
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is an agency of the United States Department of Commerce that works to improve knowledge and use of the environment.


First Line:
National Optical Astronomy Observatories (NOAO) are a group of astronomy research centers funded by the United States government.


First Line:
National Organization for Women (NOW) is one of the largest associations in the United States devoted to achieving full equality between women and men.


First Line:
National park is an area set aside by a nation's government to protect natural beauty, wildlife, or other remarkable features.


First Line:
National Park Service is a bureau of the United States Department of the Interior.


First Line:
National Park System. The United States is rich in natural wonderlands, famous historic places, and sites for many kinds of outdoor recreation.


First Line:
National Primitive Baptist Convention in the U.S.A. is a religious organization that has more than 2,000 churches. Each church is independent in controlling its own membership.


First Line:
National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) is an organization that operates radio telescopes at Socorro, New Mexico; Kitt Peak, Arizona; and Green Bank, West Virginia.


First Line:
National Recovery Administration (NRA) was a United States government agency in the early 1930's.


First Line:
National Republican Party was a political party that arose when the Democratic-Republican Party split during President John Quincy Adams's Administration (1825-1829).


First Line:
National Research Council is a private, nonprofit organization in the United States that carries out much of the work of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.


First Line:
National Rifle Association of America is an organization that encourages sharpshooting and the use of firearms for hunting and other shooting sports.


First Line:
National Right to Life Committee is a leading organization in the movement against legalized abortion in the United States.


First Line:
National Road. In the early 1800's, many pioneers began moving into the territory west of the Ohio River.


First Line:
National Safety Council is a not-for-profit public service organization that works to increase safety and occupational health in the United States.


First Line:
National Science Foundation is an independent agency of the United States government.


First Line:
National Security Agency/Central Security Service is an agency of the United States Department of Defense.


First Line:
National Security Council (NSC) is a part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States.


First Line:
National Wildlife Federation is an organization that was founded to create interest and promote public education in the conservation of wildlife and wildlife habitats in the United States.


First Line:
National Wildlife Refuge System consists of over 450 refuges established by the United States government to protect and increase wildlife and their habitat.


First Line:
National Zoological Park is a 163-acre (71-hectare) zoo maintained by the Smithsonian Institution along Rock Creek in Washington, D.C. The zoo exhibits about 5,000 animals of 500 different species (kinds).


First Line:
Nationalism is a people's sense of belonging together as a nation.


First Line:
Nationality, in law, is a person's status as a member of a certain country.


First Line:
Nationalization is the control and ownership of an industry on a national scale by the government of a country.


First Line:
Natsume Soseki, (1867-1916), was Japan's first great modern novelist.


First Line:
Natural gas liquids are certain chemical compounds that can be obtained in liquid form from natural gas.


First Line:
Natural resources are those products and features of the earth that permit it to support life and satisfy people's needs.


First Line:
Natural selection is a process in nature by which the organisms best suited to their environment are the ones most likely to leave offspring.


First Line:
Naturalism, in literature, is the attempt to apply scientific theory and methods to imaginative writing.


First Line:
Naturalization is a legal process by which a person becomes a citizen of an adopted country.


First Line:
Nature Conservancy is an international conservation organization that saves rare plants and animals from extinction by protecting the places where they live.


First Line:
Nature study means watching and learning about things in nature.


First Line:
Nature worship is a religious practice that has been followed by various cultures throughout history.


First Line:
Nauru, is a small island country in the central Pacific Ocean.


First Line:
Nausea, is a disagreeable sensation in the area of the stomach.


First Line:
Nautilus, is a marine animal whose soft body is partly covered with a coiled shell.


First Line:
Navajo, Indians also spelled Navaho, are the second largest Indian tribe in the United States.


First Line:
Naval Observatory, United States, is the country's oldest national observatory.


First Line:
Naval War College, in Newport, R.I., is the postgraduate educational institution of the United States Navy.


First Line:
Navigation is the process of determining a vehicle's position and directing its movement.


First Line:
Navigation Acts were several laws passed in the 1600's by the English Parliament.


First Line:
Navratilova, Martina (1956-...), became one of the world's top women tennis players.


First Line:
Navy is the branch of a nation's armed forces that consists of warships and support ships, their crews, and land bases and their personnel.


First Line:
Navy, Department of the, is one of the three military departments within the Department of Defense of the United States government.


First Line:
Navy, United States, is the branch of the armed forces of the United States that acts to maintain command of the sea.


First Line:
Navy Jack is a flag of the United States Navy.


First Line:
Nazarbayev, Nursultan, (1940-...), was elected president of Kazakhstan in 1991.


First Line:
Nazareth, (pop. 52,200), is a town in northern Israel.


First Line:
Nazca, was an American Indian culture that thrived in the coastal desert of what is now southern Peru from as early as 100 B.C. to A.D. 800.


First Line:
Nazism, was a political movement-and later a form of government-that developed in Germany during the 1920's.


First Line:
N'Djamena, (pop. 511,700), is the capital and largest city of Chad.


First Line:
Neanderthals, were prehistoric human beings who lived in parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa from about 130,000 to 35,000 years ago.


First Line:
Near East is a name given to a region that includes a part of Asia from the Mediterranean Sea to the eastern boundary of Iran, plus part of northeastern Africa.


First Line:
Nearsightedness, also called myopia, is a visual defect that causes blurred distance vision.


First Line:
Nebraska is one of the leading farming states in the United States.


First Line:
Nebraska, University of, is a state-supported coeducational university.


First Line:
Nebuchadnezzar, II (630?-562 B.C.) reigned as king of Babylon and ruler of the New Babylonian Empire from 605 to 562 B.C.


First Line:
Nebula, is a cloud of dust particles and gases in space.


First Line:
Nebular hypothesis, is a theory about the origin of the solar system.


First Line:
Necktie is a band of material or a bow that is worn around the neck.


First Line:
Necrology, is a record of deaths, especially one kept by a church.


First Line:
Necropolis, is a Greek word which means city of the dead, that is, a cemetery.


First Line:
Nectar is a sugary liquid that is produced by flowering plants.


First Line:
Nectarine, is a fruit much like the peach.


First Line:
Needle is a simple-looking tool, with a fine point at one end and a tiny eye at the other.


First Line:
Needlepoint is a form of embroidery in which stitches are sewed through spaces or squares of an open-mesh fabric called the canvas.


First Line:
Neem tree is an Asian tree that has many important uses for people.


First Line:
Nefertiti, was an ancient Egyptian queen, the wife of Akhenaten, a pharaoh (king) who ruled from 1367 to 1350 B.C.


First Line:
Negev, is the triangular southern half of Israel.


First Line:
Negligence is the legal term for carelessness.


First Line:
Negotiable, instrument refers to a type of legal exchange or document that is either a promise or an order to pay money.


First Line:
Negritos, are peoples who live in small, isolated groups in Asia and northern Australia and who resemble Pygmies.


First Line:
Nehemiah, Book of, is a book of the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament.


First Line:
Nehru, is the family name of a father and his son, daughter, and granddaughter who became distinguished in Indian public affairs.


First Line:
Neihardt, John (1881-1973), was an American author known for his poetry and fiction about American Indians.


First Line:
Nelson, Horatio (1758-1805), was the United Kingdom's greatest admiral and naval hero.


First Line:
Nelson, Thomas, Jr. (1738-1789), an American soldier and statesman, served as a Virginia delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1777 and again in 1779. He was one of the Virginia signers of the Declaration of Independence in 1776.


First Line:
Nelson, William Rockhill (1841-1915), founded and built the Kansas City (Missouri) Star, a crusading newspaper, in 1880.


First Line:
Nelson River is the longest river in Manitoba.


First Line:
Neman River is a waterway in eastern Europe.


First Line:
Nene, also known as Hawaiian goose, is a rare bird of Hawaii.


First Line:
Neodymium, (chemical symbol, Nd), is a metallic element belonging to the rare earth group.


First Line:
Neon is a chemical element that makes up about 1 part per 65,000 in the earth's atmosphere.


First Line:
Neonatology, is the branch of medicine concerned with the care of infants during the first 28 days of life.


First Line:
Neoplatonism, was a dominant school of philosophy from the A.D. 200's to the 500's.


First Line:
Nepal, is a country in south-central Asia.


First Line:
Nephritis, formerly called Bright's disease, is a general term for several inflammatory diseases of the kidneys.


First Line:
Nepotism, is the practice of giving important political or business positions to members of one's family.


First Line:
Neptune was the god of the sea in Roman mythology.


First Line:
Neptune is one of the two planets that cannot be seen without a telescope.


First Line:
Neptunium, (chemical symbol, Np), is an artificially created element.


First Line:
Nereids, were 50 beautiful sea nymphs who attended the sea divinities Poseidon and Amphitrite.


First Line:
Nereus, was a kindly old sea god in Greek mythology.


First Line:
Neri, Saint Philip (1515-1595), was the founder of the Oratorians, and a reformer of Rome during the Counter Reformation.


First Line:
Nero, (A.D. 37-68), was a Roman emperor who reigned from A.D. 54 until his death 14 years later.


First Line:
Neruda, Pablo, (1904-1973), a Chilean poet, won the 1971 Nobel Prize for literature.


First Line:
Nerval, Gerard de, (1808-1855), was a French poet.


First Line:
Nervi, Pier Luigi, (1891-1979), was an Italian architect and engineer.


First Line:
Nervous breakdown is a term often used to refer to anything from fatigue caused by overwork to a severe mental illness.


First Line:
Nervous system is an internal communications network that enables an animal to adjust to changes in its environment.


First Line:
Ness, Eliot (1903-1957), was an American crime fighter.


First Line:
Nest is a place an animal prepares for raising its young.


First Line:
Netanyahu, Benjamin (1949-...), a Likud Party politician, was prime minister of Israel from 1996 to 1999.


First Line:
Netherlands is a small country on the North Sea in northwestern Europe.


First Line:
Netherlands Antilles, also called the Dutch West Indies, consists of two groups of islands in the Caribbean Sea.


First Line:
Nettle is the common name of a group of plants with stinging bristles.


First Line:
Netzahualcoyotl, (pop. 1,224,924), is the third largest city in Mexico.


First Line:
Neumann, Saint John Nepomucene (1811-1860), was the first male United States citizen to be recognized as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church.


First Line:
Neuralgia, is a severe pain that occurs along a nerve.


First Line:
Neuritis, is an inflammation of a nerve that is caused by disease or injury.


First Line:
Neurofibromatosis, often abbreviated as NF, is an incurable hereditary disorder that affects the nervous system and the skin.


First Line:
Neurology, is the field of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the nervous system and muscles.


First Line:
Neuropathology, is the science that studies alterations produced by diseases of the central nervous system, nerves, or muscles.


First Line:
Neurosis, is a general term for a relatively mild type of mental illness.


First Line:
Neutra, Richard Joseph (1892-1970), was an Austrian-born architect who worked in California.


First Line:
Neutrality is the official status of a government that does not take part in a war.


First Line:
Neutralization, is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base form a salt.


First Line:
Neutrino is any of three types of subatomic particles that have no electric charge.


First Line:
Neutron star is the smallest and densest type of star known.


First Line:
Nevada, is a state in the Western United States.


First Line:
Nevada, University of, is the state-supported public education system of higher education for Nevada.


First Line:
Nevada Falls is a waterfall in Yosemite National Park, California.


First Line:
Nevelson, Louise (1900-1988), was an American sculptor.


First Line:
Nevins, Allan (1890-1971), an American historian and educator, twice was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for biography.


First Line:
New Bedford, Massachusetts (pop. 93,768; met. area pop. 175,198), is one of the leading commercial fishing ports of the United States.


First Line:
New Bern (pop. 23,128) is one of the oldest cities in North Carolina.


First Line:
New Britain is the largest of the more than 300 islands in the Bismarck Archipelago, which forms part of the nation of Papua New Guinea.


First Line:
New Britain, Connecticut (pop. 71,538), often called the Hardware City, has long been a producer of builders' hardware and carpenters' tools.


First Line:
New Brunswick, New Jersey (pop. 48,573), is an educational and industrial center.


First Line:
New Brunswick is one of the four Atlantic Provinces of Canada.


First Line:
New Brunswick, University of, is a provincially supported school with campuses located in Fredericton and Saint John, New Brunswick.


First Line:
New Caledonia is an overseas possession of France.


First Line:
New Deal was President Franklin D. Roosevelt's program to pull the United States out of the Great Depression in the 1930's.


First Line:
New Delhi, (pop. 301,297), is the capital of India.


First Line:
New Democratic Party is a social-democratic political party in Canada.


First Line:
New England is a region that consists of six states: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont.


First Line:
New England, Dominion of, was a group of English colonies in America united in 1686 by King James II of England.


First Line:
New England Confederation was organized in 1643.


First Line:
New France was the French colonial empire in North America.


First Line:
New Guinea is a large tropical island in the Pacific Ocean, north of Australia.


First Line:
New Hampshire is a New England state of the United States that is noted for its natural beauty and year-round outdoor activities.


First Line:
New Hampshire, University of, is a state-supported coeducational system of higher education.


First Line:
New Harmony, Indiana (pop. 916), became famous as an educational and cultural center during the 1820's.


First Line:
New Haven (pop. 123,626) is the home of Yale University and the second largest city in Connecticut.


First Line:
New Ireland is the second largest of the more than 200 islands of the Bismarck Archipelago, which forms part of the nation of Papua New Guinea.


First Line:
New Jersey is a state of industrial cities and towns, glistening beaches, and popular summer resorts.


First Line:
New Left was a radical political and social movement of the 1960's and early 1970's in the United States.


First Line:
New London, Connecticut (pop. 25,671), is the home of the United States Coast Guard Academy.


First Line:
New London Naval Submarine Base, in Groton, Conn., is the chief training center of the United States Navy's submarine force.


First Line:
New mathematics was an educational movement during the late 1950's and the 1960's that attempted to change the teaching of mathematics in the United States.


First Line:
New Mexico, a Southwestern state of the United States, is called the Land of Enchantment because of its scenic beauty and rich history.


First Line:
New Mexico, University of, is a state-controlled coeducational school in Albuquerque, New Mexico.


First Line:
New Mexico State University is a coeducational institution in Las Cruces, New Mexico.


First Line:
New Netherland was a region in America claimed by the Dutch in the early 1600's.


First Line:
New Orleans, is the largest city in Louisiana and one of the world's busiest ports.


First Line:
New South Wales is the oldest state in Australia.


First Line:
New Sweden was the only Swedish colony in America.


First Line:
New Testament is the second part of the Christian Bible.


First Line:
New Thought is a philosophical and religious movement that originated in the United States during the mid-1800's.


First Line:
New Westminster (pop. 49,350) is a city in southwestern British Columbia.


First Line:
New World is another name for the Western Hemisphere, which includes the continents of North America and South America.


First Line:
New Year's Day is the first day of the calendar year.


First Line:
New York is a leading center of banking, communication, and finance in the United States.


First Line:
New York, City University of, consists of 10 senior colleges, 7 community colleges, 1 technical college, a law school, a medical school, and a graduate school in New York City.


First Line:
New York, State University of, is the largest statewide public system of higher education in the United States.


First Line:
New York City is the largest city in the United States and one of the largest in the world.


First Line:
New York Public Library is one of the most extensive public library systems in the United States.


First Line:
New York State Barge Canal System connects the state's principal natural waterways.


First Line:
New York University, in New York City, is a privately endowed nonsectarian coeducational institution.


First Line:
New York World's Fair has been held twice in New York City.


First Line:
New Zealand is an island country in the southwest Pacific Ocean.


First Line:
Newark, Delaware (pop. 28,547), is the home of the University of Delaware and a manufacturing and research center.


First Line:
Newark, New Jersey (pop. 273,546; met. area pop. 2,032,989), is the largest city in New Jersey and one of the nation's leading centers of transportation.


First Line:
Newbery, John (1713-1767), was an English publisher and bookseller.


First Line:
Newbery Medal is an annual award given to the author of the most distinguished contribution to American children's literature published in the preceding year.


First Line:
Newcastle (pop. 133,686) is one of the largest cities in the Australian state of New South Wales.


First Line:
Newcastle upon Tyne (pop. 263,000; met. area pop. 1,087,000) is a commercial and manufacturing center of northern England.


First Line:
Newcomen, Thomas (1663-1729), an English inventor, built the first commercially successful steam engine in 1712.


First Line:
Newfoundland, dog is one of the largest and strongest breeds of dog.


First Line:
Newgate Prison, a London jail, was England's main criminal prison for over 700 years.


First Line:
Newman, Barnett (1905-1970), an American painter, was a leading member of the abstract expressionist movement.


First Line:
Newman, John Henry Cardinal (1801-1890), became a convert to the Roman Catholic Church in 1845, and was made a cardinal in 1879.


First Line:
Newman, Paul (1925-...), an American actor, won fame for his action roles and convincing character studies in motion pictures.


First Line:
Newport, Rhode Island (pop. 26,475), is best known as a summer resort.


First Line:
Newport News (pop. 180,150) is a shipbuilding center in eastern Virginia.


First Line:
News service is an organization that collects and distributes news.


First Line:
Newspaper is a publication devoted chiefly to presenting and commenting on the news.


First Line:
Newspaper Guild is a labor union whose members work in the news and commercial departments of newspapers, news magazines, news services, and related enterprises.


First Line:
Newt, is a small animal with a slender body, thin skin, and four weak legs.


First Line:
Newton, a unit in the metric system, is used to measure force.


First Line:
Newton, Sir Isaac (1642-1727), an English scientist, astronomer, and mathematician, invented a new kind of mathematics, discovered the secrets of light and color, and showed how the universe is held together.


First Line:
Newton's rings are a series of alternating bright and dark concentric circles produced by the interference of light (see Interference).


First Line:
Next of kin is a legal phrase for the closest blood relatives of a person who has died without making a valid will.


First Line:
Ney, Michel, (1769-1815), a French general, was one of Napoleon I's great soldiers.


First Line:
Nez Perce, Indians are a tribe that lives in north-central Idaho.


First Line:
Ngo Dinh Diem, (1901-1963), was the first president of South Vietnam.


First Line:
Niagara Falls is one of the most spectacular natural wonders of North America.


First Line:
Niagara Movement was an organization founded by African Americans to fight racial discrimination in the United States.


First Line:
Niagara River is a short river that connects Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.


First Line:
Niamey, (pop. 400,000), is the capital and largest city of Niger.


First Line:
Nibelungenlied, is a German epic poem written about A.D. 1200.


First Line:
Nicaragua, is the largest country of Central America in area.


First Line:
Nice, (pop. 345,674; met. area pop. 475,507), is a resort city on the French Riviera and a Mediterranean port.


First Line:
Nicene, Councils were two councils of the Christian church held in Nicaea (Nice), in what is now northwest Turkey.


First Line:
Nicholas I (1796-1855) was czar of Russia from 1825 to 1855.


First Line:
Nicholas II (1010?-1061) was crowned pope in 1059.


First Line:
Nicholas II (1868-1918), the last czar of Russia, ruled from 1894 to 1917.


First Line:
Nicholas V (1397-1455) was elected pope in 1447.


First Line:
Nicholas, Saint (A.D. 300's), is one of the most popular saints of the Christian church.


First Line:
Nicholas of Cusa, (1401-1464), was a German theologian, scholar, and statesman.


First Line:
Nichols, Mike (1931-...), is a famous German-born director known for his work in motion pictures and on the stage.


First Line:
Nicholson, Ben (1894-1982), was an English artist noted for his abstract paintings.


First Line:
Nicholson, Jack (1937-...), is an American motion-picture actor and director.


First Line:
Nickel is a white metallic chemical element used in alloys.


First Line:
Nickel is the common name for a U.S. copper-nickel coin.


First Line:
Nickel silver is an alloy of copper, nickel, and zinc.


First Line:
Nicklaus, Jack (1940-...), an American golfer, ranks among the greatest players in the history of the sport.


First Line:
Nicolet, Jean, (1598-1642), also spelled Nicollet, was a French explorer, fur trader, and interpreter.


First Line:
Nicosia, (pop. 163,700), is the capital and largest city of Cyprus, an island republic in the Mediterranean Sea.


First Line:
Nicotine is a substance found in small amounts in the leaves, roots, and seeds of the tobacco plant.


First Line:
Niebuhr, H. Richard (1894-1962), was an influential Protestant theologian. He was an authority on Christian ethics and religion in the United States.


First Line:
Niebuhr, Reinhold (1892-1971), was a prominent American theologian.


First Line:
Nielsen, Carl August (1865-1931), was one of Denmark's greatest composers.


First Line:
Niemeyer, Oscar (1907-...), is a Brazilian architect.


First Line:
Niepce, Joseph Nicephore, (1765-1833), a French scientist, invented the first photographic technique, heliography.


First Line:
Nietzsche, Friedrich, (1844-1900), was a German philosopher and classical scholar.


First Line:
Niger, is a large, landlocked country in west Africa.


First Line:
Niger, River is the third longest river in Africa.


First Line:
Nigeria, a nation on the west coast of Africa, has more people than any other country in Africa.


First Line:
Night vision systems are electronic devices used by military forces to detect and track targets at night.


First Line:
Nighthawk, also called bullbat and mosquito hawk, is a bird that looks much like the whippoorwill, to which it is related.


First Line:
Nightingale is a small, dull-colored bird famed for its beautiful, sad song.


First Line:
Nightingale, Florence (1820-1910), was the founder of the nursing profession as we know it today.


First Line:
Nightmare is a frightening dream or dreamlike experience that awakens a sleeper.


First Line:
Nightshade is the common name of the family of plants that have the scientific name Solanaceae.


First Line:
Nihilism, is the name used for a variety of extreme, negative philosophical and political views.


First Line:
Nijinsky, Vaslav, (1890-1950), was the most famous male dancer of his time.


First Line:
Nikolais, Alwin (1912-1993), was an American choreographer (creator of dances).


First Line:
Nile River is the longest river in the world.


First Line:
Nilsson, Birgit (1918-...), is a celebrated Swedish dramatic soprano.


First Line:
Nimitz, Chester William (1885-1966), served as commander in chief of the United States Pacific Fleet during World War II (1939-1945).


First Line:
Nineveh, was the last capital of the ancient Assyrian Empire.


First Line:
Ningbo, (pop. 3,350,851), also spelled Ning-po, is an industrial center and port in the Chinese province of Zhejiang.


First Line:
Niobe, was a queen in Greek mythology who was famous for eternally mourning her dead children.


First Line:
Niobium, also called columbium, is a soft, silver-white or gray metallic element.


First Line:
Nirvana, according to Buddhist belief, is perfect peace and blessedness.


First Line:
Nitrate is any kind of compound that contains the inorganic nitrate ion.


First Line:
Nitric acid is a strong inorganic acid that has many industrial uses.


First Line:
Nitrite is a compound of the nitrite anion and some other element.


First Line:
Nitrogen is a nonmetallic chemical element.


First Line:
Nitrogen cycle is the circulation of nitrogen among the atmosphere, the soil and water, and the plants and animals of the earth.


First Line:
Nitroglycerin, also called nitroglycerol, is a powerful explosive.


First Line:
Nitrous oxide, is a colorless, odorless gas that physicians and dentists use to make patients insensitive to pain.


First Line:
Nixon, Richard Milhous (1913-1994), was the only president of the United States ever to resign from office.


First Line:
Nizhniy Novgorod, (pop. 1,443,000), is an industrial center in Russia.


First Line:
Nkrumah, Kwame, (1909-1972), was president of Ghana from 1960 to 1966.


First Line:
No-fault insurance is a type of automobile accident insurance that was first proposed in the 1960's.


First Line:
Noah, according to the Bible, was the only righteous, God-fearing man of his time.


First Line:
Nobel, Alfred Bernhard (1833-1896), a Swedish chemist and industrialist, invented dynamite.


First Line:
Nobel, Prizes are awarded each year to people, regardless of nationality, who have made valuable contributions to the "good of humanity."


First Line:
Nobelium is an artificially produced radioactive element.


First Line:
Nobility is a class of people who are considered to stand at the top of their society.


First Line:
Noble gas refers to any of a group of six chemical elements.


First Line:
Noguchi, Isamu (1904-1988), was an American sculptor whose work represents a wide variety of styles.


First Line:
Nok, was a West African civilization that flourished from about 500 B.C. until at least A.D. 200.


First Line:
Nomad is a person who moves from one place to another as a way of making a living.


First Line:
Nome (pop. 3,505) is an important gold-mining center and port in Alaska.


First Line:
Nonaggression pact is a treaty by which two or more nations agree to settle mutual disputes by peaceful means and not to attack each other.


First Line:
Non-Aligned Movement is a group of developing nations whose members meet to form policies for dealing with the major industrial nations.


First Line:
Nonillion, In the United States and France, nonillion is a thousand octillions, or a unit with 30 zeros.


First Line:
Nonpartisan, League, a political organization of farmers, was founded in North Dakota in 1915.


First Line:
Nootka, Indians live along the west coast of Vancouver Island in British Columbia and at the tip of the Olympic Peninsula in Washington.


First Line:
NORAD is a military alliance responsible for defending the United States and Canada against air attack.


First Line:
Nordenskjold, Nils Adolf Erik, (1832-1901), Baron Nordenskjold, was a Swedish polar explorer, mineralogist, and map authority.


First Line:
Nordhoff and Hall were a team of American authors.


First Line:
Norfolk, Virginia (pop. 234,403), is a leading United States port.


First Line:
Norfolk Island, lies in the South Pacific Ocean, about 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometers) northeast of Sydney, Australia.


First Line:
Norfolk, Naval Base, Virginia, employs more people and harbors more ships than any other naval base in the United States.


First Line:
Norfolk, terrier is a breed of dog that originated in Britain.


First Line:
Noriega, Manuel Antonio, (1934-...), was a military leader who controlled Panama from 1983 to 1989.


First Line:
Norman architecture is a regional adaptation of Romanesque architecture.


First Line:
Norman Conquest is the name given to the conquest of England in 1066 by William, Duke of Normandy.


First Line:
Normandy is a region in northwestern France.


First Line:
Normans were a group of Vikings, or Norsemen (Scandinavians), who first settled in northern France, then advanced into England, southern Italy, and Sicily.


First Line:
Norns were the three Fates of Scandinavian mythology.


First Line:
Norodom Sihanouk, (1922-...), is the king of Cambodia.


First Line:
Norris, Frank (1870-1902), was an American novelist and journalist and a leader of the naturalism movement.


First Line:
Norris, George William (1861-1944), was one of the great independent politicians of American public life.


First Line:
Norris-La Guardia Act of 1932 was one of the first laws that encouraged labor union activity in the United States.


First Line:
North, Lord (1732-1792), Frederick, Earl of Guilford, was British prime minister from 1770 to 1782.


First Line:
North America, the third largest continent in area, extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to South America in the south.


First Line:
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a pact that unites Canada, Mexico, and the United States in one of the world's largest free-trade zones.


First Line:
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is a military alliance consisting of the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and 16 other countries.


First Line:
North Carolina leads all the states of the United States in tobacco farming and in the manufacture of tobacco products.


First Line:
North Carolina, University of, is a state-supported coeducational system of higher education.


First Line:
North Cascades National Park is in northwestern Washington.


First Line:
North Central States are the 12 states in the north-central part of the United States.


First Line:
North Dakota is a Midwestern state of the United States.


First Line:
North Dakota, University of, is a state-supported liberal arts institution in Grand Forks, North Dakota.


First Line:
North Dakota State University is a state-controlled coeducational school at Fargo, North Dakota.


First Line:
North Platte (pop. 23,878) is the center of a farming and cattle-raising region in western Nebraska.


First Line:
North Pole is a term used for several invisible surface points located in the Arctic region.


First Line:
North Sea is a wide arm of the Atlantic Ocean that lies between the island of Great Britain and the mainland of Europe.


First Line:
North Star is a readily visible star that appears to be located almost directly above the North Pole.


First Line:
North Warning System is a long-range radar network built to provide the United States and Canada with warning of an air attack from the north.


First Line:
North West Company was a Canadian fur-trading company that became the main competition of the powerful Hudson's Bay Company during the late 1700's.


First Line:
North West Rebellion was a conflict that arose in 1885 between the metis (people of mixed white and Indian ancestry) and the Canadian government in what is now Saskatchewan.


First Line:
Northcliffe, Viscount (1865-1922), a famous English journalist and publisher, pioneered in the use of comics, special features, religious news, and tabloid newspapers.


First Line:
Norther is a cold winter wind that sweeps over the southern United States, the Gulf of Mexico, and the east coast of Central America, destroying crops and wrecking ships.


First Line:
Northern harrier, sometimes called marsh hawk, is the only species of harrier that lives in North America.


First Line:
Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four political divisions that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.


First Line:
Northern Mariana Islands, Commonwealth of the, is a chain of 16 islands in the Pacific Ocean.


First Line:
Northern Territory is a tropical area in north-central Australia.


First Line:
Northfield (pop. 17,147) is a city in southeastern Minnesota.


First Line:
Northrop, John Howard (1891-1987), an American biochemist, shared the 1946 Nobel Prize in chemistry with James B. Sumner and W. M. Stanley.


First Line:
Northwest Ordinance was an important law passed by the United States Congress on July 13, 1787.


First Line:
Northwest Passage is a water route, long sought by explorers, across or around North America.


First Line:
Northwest Territories is a vast region in northern Canada.


First Line:
Northwest Territory was a vast tract of land lying north of the Ohio River, west of Pennsylvania, and east of the Mississippi River.


First Line:
Northwestern University is a private coeducational institution with campuses in Evanston and Chicago, Ill.


First Line:
Norton, Andre (1912-...), is an American author of science fiction.


First Line:
Norway is a long, narrow country on the northwestern edge of the European continent.


First Line:
Norwegian elkhound is a hunting dog that originated in Norway, probably between 5000 and 4000 B.C.


First Line:
Norwich terrier is a breed of dog that developed in England about 1880.


First Line:
Nose is the organ used for breathing and smelling.


First Line:
Nosebleed is a discharge of blood from the nose.


First Line:
Nostradamus, (1503-1566), was the Latin name of Michel de Notredame, a French astrologer and physician.


First Line:
Notary, public is an officer authorized by state law to certify certain documents and to take oaths.


First Line:
Notation, is any system of symbols and abbreviations that helps people work with a particular subject.


First Line:
Note is an unconditional written promise to pay a specified sum of money on demand or at a given date to a designated person.


First Line:
Notre Dame, Cathedral of, is a famous cathedral in Paris.


First Line:
Notre Dame, University of, is a coeducational Roman Catholic school in Notre Dame, near South Bend, Ind.


First Line:
Nottingham, is an industrial city in central England.


First Line:
Nouakchott, (pop. 350,000), is the capital and largest city of Mauritania.


First Line:
Noun is a part of speech that identifies people, places, objects, actions, qualities, and ideas.


First Line:
Nova is an explosion that causes a star to become from 10,000 to 100,000 times as bright as the sun.


First Line:
Nova Scotia, is one of the four Atlantic Provinces of Canada.


First Line:
Novalis, (1772-1801), was the pen name of Baron Friedrich von Hardenberg, a German romantic poet.


First Line:
Novaya Zemlya, is a group of islands in the Arctic Ocean that separate the Barents Sea from the Kara Sea.


First Line:
Novel is a long fictional story written in prose.


First Line:
November is the 11th month of the year according to the Gregorian calendar, which is used in almost all the world today.


First Line:
Novgorod, (pop. 232,000), is an important industrial center and one of the oldest cities in Russia.


First Line:
Novi Sad, (pop. 179,626), is a Yugoslav center of manufacturing and transportation.


First Line:
Novosibirsk, (pop. 1,443,000), is an important center of manufacturing in Russia.


First Line:
Noyes, Alfred (1880-1958), was one of the most popular English poets of the early 1900's.


First Line:
Nu, U, (1907-1995), was a Burmese politician and statesman.


First Line:
Nuclear energy, also called atomic energy, is the powerful energy released by changes in the nucleus (core) of atoms.


First Line:
Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty is an international agreement that attempts to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons.


First Line:
Nuclear physics is the study of atomic nuclei and the application of nuclear processes to technology.


First Line:
Nuclear reactor is a device in which controlled nuclear fission reactions take place.


First Line:
Nuclear Regulatory Commission is an independent agency of the United States government.


First Line:
Nuclear weapon is any weapon that gets its destructive power from the transformation of matter in atoms into energy.


First Line:
Nuclear winter refers to the deadly worldwide environmental effects that could result from a major nuclear war.


First Line:
Nuer, are a cattle-keeping people of northeast Africa.


First Line:
Nuevo Laredo, (pop. 310,277), is a city on the eastern part of Mexico's border with the United States.


First Line:
Nullification, is the action of setting aside a law by declaring it null and void.


First Line:
Numbat is an Australian marsupial with distinctive striped coloring.


First Line:
Number, in grammar, is a feature of language that indicates how many persons or objects are referred to.


First Line:
Number and numeral. A number is an idea that is used to refer to amounts of things.


First Line:
Number theory is the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties of the natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on.


First Line:
Numbers, Book of, is the fourth book of the Bible.


First Line:
Numeration systems are ways of counting and of naming numbers.


First Line:
Numerology, is the practice of using numbers to analyze character and foretell the future.


First Line:
Numidia, was an area in northern Africa during ancient times.


First Line:
Nun is a woman who belongs to a religious community and dedicates her life to carrying out its goals.


First Line:
Nunavut, is a huge region in northeastern Canada that became a separate territory on April 1, 1999.


First Line:
Nuremberg, (pop. 465,255), is an industrial city in southern Germany.


First Line:
Nuremberg, Trials were 13 trials held to judge leaders of Germany for their actions during World War II (1939-1945).


First Line:
Nureyev, Rudolf (1938-1993), was one of the great ballet dancers of the 1900's.


First Line:
Nurmi, Paavo, (1897-1973), a Finnish athlete, is considered the greatest distance runner in track and field history.


First Line:
Nursery produces and raises plants for transplanting in fields, gardens, orchards, and landscaped areas.


First Line:
Nursery rhyme is a rhythmical poem that amuses or soothes young children.


First Line:
Nursery school is a type of early childhood education program designed chiefly for children 3 or 4 years old.


First Line:
Nurse's aide is a person who helps nurses in hospitals perform their work.


First Line:
Nursing. Most nurses work in hospitals taking care of sick people and helping them get well.


First Line:
Nursing home is a residential institution that provides medical or nonmedical care, chiefly for people who are 65 years old or older.


First Line:
Nut is the popular name for many kinds of dry, edible seeds or fruits that grow in a woody shell.


First Line:
Nutcracker is the name of two species of birds.


First Line:
Nuthatch is the name of a group of tree-climbing songbirds.


First Line:
Nutmeg is a tropical tree that is grown commercially for the spice it provides.


First Line:
Nutria, or coypu pronounced KOY poo is a large rodent that lives near water.


First Line:
Nutrition is the science that deals with food and how the body uses it.


First Line:
Nutting, Mary Adelaide (1858-1948), was a leader in the development of professional nursing in the United States.


First Line:
Nye, Bill (1850-1896), was a popular American humorist.


First Line:
Nyerere, Julius Kambarage, (1922-1999), was president of Tanzania from 1964 until he retired in 1985.


First Line:
Nylon is the general term for a group of synthetic products.


First Line:
Nymph, was a lovely maiden of Greek and Roman mythology who guarded the different realms of nature.


First Line:
Nystagmus, is an involuntary, rhythmical movement of the eyes.


First Line:
O Canada is the national anthem of Canada.


First Line:
Oak is any of a large variety of trees or shrubs that bear acorns.


First Line:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, is one of the largest and most diverse energy research and development centers in the United States.


First Line:
Oakland (pop. 399,484; met. area pop. 2,392,557) is one of the busiest shipping centers in California.


First Line:
Oakley, Annie (1860-1926), was a famous American sharpshooter who starred in Buffalo Bill's Wild West show for over 16 years.


First Line:
Oakum is loose fiber obtained by untwisting and picking at old, tarred hemp ropes.


First Line:
Oasis is a fertile, vegetated area in a desert where underground water comes close enough to the surface for wells and springs to exist.


First Line:
Oates, Joyce Carol (1938-...), is an American author.


First Line:
Oatmeal is a food product prepared from oats.


First Line:
Oaxaca, officially Oaxaca de Juarez (pop. 256,848), is the capital of Oaxaca, a state in southern Mexico.


First Line:
Ob, River is one of the chief rivers of Russia in Asia.


First Line:
Obadiah, Book of, is a book of the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament, named for an Israelite prophet.


First Line:
Obelisk, is a great, upright, four-sided stone pillar.


First Line:
Oberammergau, (pop. 4,664), is a Bavarian village 45 miles (72 kilometers) southwest of Munich in southern Germany.


First Line:
Oberlin, College is a privately controlled, coeducational liberal arts school at Oberlin, Ohio.


First Line:
Oboe is the smallest and highest-pitched of the double-reed woodwinds.


First Line:
Obote, Apollo Milton, (1926-...), served as president of Uganda from 1966 until 1971 and from 1980 until 1985.


First Line:
Obregon, Alvaro, (1880-1928), was president of Mexico from 1920 to 1924.


First Line:
O'Brien, Lawrence Francis (1917-1990), served as postmaster general of the United States from 1965 to 1968.


First Line:
O'Brien, Robert C. (1918-1973), was the pen name of Robert Leslie Conly, an American author of children's books. O'Brien won the 1972 Newbery Medal for Mrs.


First Line:
Obscenity and pornography are terms used to designate written, recorded, or pictorial material-including motion pictures-that many people consider indecent and thus find offensive.


First Line:
Observatory is a research institution where astronomers study planets, stars, galaxies, and other celestial objects.


First Line:
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a common mental illness in which people feel burdened by unwanted thoughts or forced to repeat troublesome actions.


First Line:
Obsidian, is a natural glass formed when hot lava flows onto the surface of the earth and cools quickly.


First Line:
Obstetrics and gynecology, are branches of medicine that deal with women's health.


First Line:
Ocarina, is a small wind instrument of the whistle type.


First Line:
O'Casey, Sean, (1880-1964), was perhaps the greatest Irish playwright of his time.


First Line:
Occultism, is a term that refers to a wide range of beliefs and practices involving magic or forces outside the natural world.


First Line:
Occupancy, is a legal method by which a person or nation acquires title to something that no one else owns.


First Line:
Occupational medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with diseases caused by hazards that people encounter on the job or at their workplace.


First Line:
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is an agency of the United States Department of Labor that promotes safe and healthful working conditions.


First Line:
Occupational therapy is a form of treatment that uses everyday activities to help people with illnesses or disabilities recover, develop, or maintain practical skills.


First Line:
Ocean is the great body of water that covers nearly 71 percent of Earth's surface.


First Line:
Ocean Drilling Program is a scientific program that provides data on the composition of the earth beneath the ocean floor.


First Line:
Ocelot, is a medium-sized animal of the cat family.


First Line:
Ocher, also spelled ochre, is a yellow to brownish-red type of earth.


First Line:
Ochs, Adolph Simon (1858-1935), rose from a job as a newsboy to become the publisher and guiding influence of The New York Times.


First Line:
Ocmulgee, National Monument is in central Georgia.


First Line:
O'Connell, Daniel (1775-1847), an Irish statesman, helped lead the struggle of Roman Catholics to gain political rights in the United Kingdom.


First Line:
O'Connor, Flannery (1925-1964), was an American author whose novels and stories are filled with characters who are physically deformed or emotionally or spiritually disturbed.


First Line:
O'Connor, John Joseph Cardinal (1920-2000), was appointed a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church by Pope John Paul II in 1985.


First Line:
O'Connor, Sandra Day (1930-...), became the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States when she became an associate justice of the court in 1981.


First Line:
Ocotillo, is a shrub that grows in the deserts of Mexico and Southwestern United States.


First Line:
Octagon is a plane figure with eight sides.


First Line:
Octahedron is any solid figure with eight faces.


First Line:
Octane, is any of 18 chemical compounds that consist of 8 carbon atoms and 18 hydrogen atoms.


First Line:
Octane, number is a number that tells how well a motor fuel resists "knocking."


First Line:
Octavia, (69?-11 B.C.), was the older half-sister of the Roman ruler Octavian, who became the emperor Augustus in 27 B.C.


First Line:
Octillion, In France and the United States, an octillion is 1 followed by 27 zeros.


First Line:
October is the 10th month of the year, according to the Gregorian calendar, which is used in most parts of the world today.


First Line:
Octopus is a sea animal with a rounded body, large eyes, and eight long arms.


First Line:
Odd Fellows, Independent Order of, is one of the major fraternal and benevolent orders in the United States.


First Line:
Ode, is a poem of moderate length that usually expresses exalted praise.


First Line:
O'Dell, Scott (1898-1989), an American author, became known for his historical novels for children.


First Line:
Oder, River is an important waterway in central Europe.


First Line:
Odessa, (pop. 1,106,000), is a seaport city in Ukraine.


First Line:
Odets, Clifford (1906-1963), an American dramatist, is best known for his plays of social conflict written during the 1930's.


First Line:
Odin, was the chief god in Norse mythology.


First Line:
Odoacer, (A.D. 434?-493), was the Germanic leader who overthrew the last emperor of Rome in the West, ending the West Roman Empire.


First Line:
Odyssey, an epic poem, is perhaps the most influential and most popular work in ancient Greek literature.


First Line:
Oedipus, was a king of Thebes in Greek mythology.


First Line:
Oedipus, complex, a concept used in psychoanalysis, is a child's unconscious desire for the exclusive love of the parent of the opposite sex.


First Line:
Oersted, Hans Christian (1777-1851), a Danish physicist, laid the foundation for the science of electromagnetism (see Electromagnetism).


First Line:
Offenbach, Jacques, (1819-1880), a French composer, created the French style of operetta.


First Line:
Office work is the process of recording, storing, and distributing the information needed to operate a business.


First Line:
Offset is a printing process in which the printing is done first on the rubber surface of a rotating cylinder.


First Line:
Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, is headquarters of the United States Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM), an interservice command for nuclear offensive forces.


First Line:
O'Flaherty, Liam, (1896-1984), was an Irish writer of novels and short stories.


First Line:
Ogden, (pop. 77,226), is one of Utah's largest cities.


First Line:
Oglethorpe, James Edward (1696-1785), an Englishman, was the founder of the colony of Georgia.


First Line:
O'Hara, John (1905-1970), was an American novelist and short-story writer.


First Line:
O'Hara, Mary (1885-1980), was the pen name of Mary O'Hara Alsop, an American author.


First Line:
O'Higgins, Bernardo (1778-1842), was the chief liberator of Chile and its first leader after independence.


First Line:
Ohio is one of the leading industrial states in the United States.


First Line:
Ohio Company. There were two Ohio Companies in American history.


First Line:
Ohio River is the second most heavily used commercial river in the United States.


First Line:
Ohio State University is a state-assisted coeducational institution with campuses in Columbus, Lima, Mansfield, Marion, and Newark, Ohio.


First Line:
Ohio University is a state-assisted coeducational school in Athens, Ohio.


First Line:
Ohm is the unit used to measure resistance to the passage of an electric current.


First Line:
Ohm, Georg Simon (1787-1854), a German physicist, in 1827 described the mathematical law of electric currents called Ohm's law (see Ohm's law).


First Line:
Ohm's law is a mathematical formula that expresses the relationship between the electromotive force, electric current, and resistance in a circuit.


First Line:
Oil. Any greasy substance that does not dissolve in water, but can be dissolved in ether, is classified as an oil.


First Line:
Oil shale is a soft, fine-grained sedimentary rock from which oil and natural gas are obtained.


First Line:
Oilbird is a cave-dwelling bird found in the tropics of northern South America.


First Line:
Oilcloth is a heavy, waterproof cloth used to cover tables and walls that must often be washed.


First Line:
Oistrakh, David (1908-1974), was a leading Ukrainian violinist.


First Line:
Ojos del Salado, is the second highest mountain in the Western Hemisphere.


First Line:
Okapi, is a rare animal that lives in dense forests around the Congo River basin in Africa.


First Line:
O'Keeffe, Georgia (1887-1986), was an American painter who found most of her inspiration in nature.


First Line:
Okefenokee, Swamp lies mostly in southeastern Georgia.


First Line:
Okhotsk, Sea of, is a large arm of the north Pacific Ocean on the eastern boundary of Russia.


First Line:
Okinawa, or in Japanese, Okinawa pronounced AW kee NAH wah, is the largest and most important island of the Ryukyu Islands.


First Line:
Oklahoma is a major fuel and food producing state in the southwestern part of the United States.


First Line:
Oklahoma, University of, is a state-supported coeducational institution in Norman, Oklahoma.


First Line:
Oklahoma City (pop. 506,132; met. area pop. 1,083,346) is the capital and largest city of Oklahoma.


First Line:
Oklahoma State University is a state-funded coeducational school in Stillwater, Oklahoma.


First Line:
Okra, also called gumbo or okro, is a plant cultivated for its immature pods.


First Line:
Olajuwon, Hakeem, (1963-...), ranks among the greatest centers in the history of the National Basketball Association (NBA).


First Line:
Old age cannot be defined exactly because it does not have the same meaning in all societies.


First Line:
Old Bailey is the common name for the Central Criminal Court in London.


First Line:
Old Catholic churches are a group of Christian churches that split away from the Roman Catholic Church.


First Line:
Old English sheepdog is best known for its long hair, "bobbed" tail, and odd, shuffling walk.


First Line:
Old North Church is the popular name for Christ Church, which is the oldest public building in Boston.


First Line:
Old Sarum is a large, cone-shaped hill that rises near Salisbury, in Wiltshire, England.


First Line:
Old Testament is the Christian name for the Jewish Bible.


First Line:
Old World is a general term applied to the Eastern Hemisphere.


First Line:
Oldenburg, Claes, (1929-...), is an American sculptor who became a leader of the pop art movement during the early 1960's.


First Line:
Oldfield, Barney (1877-1946), was the first person to drive an automobile at a speed of 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) per minute.


First Line:
Olds, Ransom Eli (1864-1950), was a pioneer automobile inventor and manufacturer.


First Line:
Oleander, is a popular ornamental flowering shrub.


First Line:
O'Leary, Hazel Rollins (1937-...), served as the United States secretary of energy under President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 1997.


First Line:
Olefin is a manufactured fiber used widely in the production of carpeting and rugs and of thermal apparel, such as jackets and undergarments.


First Line:
Oligarchy, is any type of government in which power is held by relatively few people.


First Line:
Oliphant, Patrick Bruce (1935-...), is a well-known editorial cartoonist.


First Line:
Olive is the fruit of a tree that grows in subtropical regions.


First Line:
Olive oil is a fragrant, edible oil made from olives.


First Line:
Olivier, Laurence (1907-1989), became one of the leading English actors of the 1900's.


First Line:
Olivine, is a rock-forming mineral that consists of silicon, oxygen, magnesium, and iron.


First Line:
Olmec, Indians developed what may have been the earliest civilization in the Americas.


First Line:
Olmsted, Frederick Law (1822-1903), was an American landscape architect, city planner, and writer on social issues.


First Line:
Olson, Charles (1910-1970), was one of the most influential American poets of his time.


First Line:
Olympia, is a valley about 11 miles (18 kilometers) from Pirgos, Greece.


First Line:
Olympia, (pop. 42,514; met. area pop. 207,355), is the capital of the state of Washington, and the gateway to southwestern Washington and the Olympic Peninsula.


First Line:
Olympiad, In the Greek system of telling time, an Olympiad was the period of four years that elapsed between two successive celebrations of the Olympian, or Olympic, Games.


First Line:
Olympias, (375?-316 B.C.), was the wife of Philip II of Macedonia, and the mother of Alexander the Great.


First Line:
Olympic Games are the most important international athletic competition in the world.


First Line:
Olympic, Mountains are part of the Pacific Coast Ranges.


First Line:
Olympic, National Park lies in the Olympic Peninsula of Washington, not far from Seattle and Tacoma.


First Line:
Omaha, (pop. 390,007; met. area pop. 716,998), is the largest city in Nebraska.


First Line:
Omaha Indians live mainly in northeast Nebraska.


First Line:
Oman, is a small country in the southeastern end of the Arabian Peninsula.


First Line:
Omar Khayyam, (1048-1131), was a Persian poet, astronomer, and mathematician.


First Line:
Ombudsman, is a nonpartisan public official who investigates people's complaints about government officials or agencies.


First Line:
Omdurman, (pop. 526,827), is the largest city in Sudan.


First Line:
Omen is supposedly a sign of future good or bad luck.


First Line:
Omnibus, bill is a term sometimes used for a bill that includes several unrelated measures when it is put before a legislative assembly.


First Line:
Omsk, (pop. 1,159,000), is a major manufacturing center of Russia.


First Line:
Onager, is the name of a fast-running animal which is a relative of the donkey.


First Line:
Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy (1929-1994), the wife of President John F. Kennedy, was one of the most popular first ladies in United States history.


First Line:
Onate, Juan de (1550?-1626?), was a Spanish explorer.


First Line:
Oncology, is the study of the development, treatment, and prevention of cancer.


First Line:
O'Neal, Shaquille, (1972-...), is a star center in the National Basketball Association (NBA).


First Line:
O'Neale, Peggy (1796-1879), was a central figure in one of the greatest disputes in the history of Washington, D.C., society.


First Line:
Oneida, Community, a cooperative community in Oneida, New York, was founded by John Humphrey Noyes in 1848.


First Line:
O'Neill, Eugene Gladstone (1888-1953), is regarded as America's greatest playwright.


First Line:
O'Neill, Thomas Philip (1912-1994), a Massachusetts Democrat, served as speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1977 until 1987, when he retired.


First Line:
Onion is a vegetable that has a strong odor and flavor.


First Line:
Ontario, has more people than any other Canadian province.


First Line:
Onyx, is a term used loosely to apply to a banded carbonate rock and also to agate, a fine-grained variety of quartz (see Agate).


First Line:
Ooze is a name for the deposits found on the bottom of the ocean in deep waters.


First Line:
Opal, is a gemstone that contains a rainbow of colors.


First Line:
Oparin, Alexander Ivanovich (1894-1980), was a Soviet biochemist.


First Line:
Open-Door Policy is a term used in international relations.


First Line:
Open housing refers to the belief that people have a right to live wherever they choose and can afford to live.


First Line:
Open shop is a business that employs both union and nonunion workers.


First Line:
Opera is a drama in which the characters sing, rather than speak, all or most of their lines.


First Line:
Operetta is a type of musical theater that achieved its greatest popularity from the 1850's to about 1920.


First Line:
Ophthalmia, is a name for severe diseases affecting the eye membranes.


First Line:
Ophthalmology, is the field of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases.


First Line:
Ophthalmoscope, is an optical instrument for examining the interior of the eye.


First Line:
Opiate, is any drug made from or containing opium.


First Line:
Opium is a drug that serves as the source of several medicines, including codeine and morphine.


First Line:
Opossum, is any member of a family of furry mammals that live in the Western Hemisphere.


First Line:
Oppenheimer, J. Robert (1904-1967), an American physicist, became known as the father of the atomic bomb. From 1943 to 1945, he directed the laboratory at Los Alamos, N. Mex., where the design and building of the first atomic bomb took place.


First Line:
Opposition is a term that describes the relative position of two heavenly bodies when the earth comes closest to being directly between them.


First Line:
Optical illusion. As we look down a long, straight road, we see that it seems to grow narrower in the distance.


First Line:
Optics is the branch of physics and engineering that is concerned with the properties of light.


First Line:
Optimist International is an association of service clubs in the United States, Canada, and the Caribbean.


First Line:
Optometry, is a profession devoted to the care of vision.


First Line:
Oracle, in the ancient Greek world, was a shrine where people came to seek advice from prophets or prophetesses.


First Line:
Oran, (pop. 1,110,000), is a Mediterranean seaport in Algeria.


First Line:
Orange is a popular citrus fruit enjoyed by people throughout the world.


First Line:
Orange Free State is a historic region in South Africa.


First Line:
Orange Order is a Protestant organization in Northern Ireland.


First Line:
Orange River is the longest river in South Africa.


First Line:
Orangutan, is a large, red-haired ape that lives in the tropical rain forests on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra in Southeast Asia.


First Line:
Oratorio is a dramatic vocal composition usually based on a religious story.


First Line:
Oratory is the art of eloquent speaking.


First Line:
Orbit is the path of a natural or artificial object that moves under the influence of a central force.


First Line:
Orchestra is a group of musicians who play together on various instruments.


First Line:
Orchestra bells imitate the effect of authentic cast bronze bells.


First Line:
Orchid, is any of an extremely large family of plants, many of which bear beautiful flowers.


First Line:
Orczy, Baroness (1865-1947), was a Hungarian-born English author known chiefly for her adventure-filled novels and detective stories.


First Line:
Order is a unit of scientific classification.


First Line:
Order in Council is a decree issued by the British Crown when a matter of great importance confronts the nation.


First Line:
Ordinance is a public law or regulation that is usually made by the governing body of a city, town, or village.


First Line:
Ordnance, is a military term used for weapons and ammunition.


First Line:
Ore is a mineral or rock that contains enough metal to make it worth mining.


First Line:
Oregano, is a seasoning used in many popular foods, including pizza and spaghetti sauce.


First Line:
Oregon, a Pacific Coast state of the United States, is known for its vast forests of evergreen trees.


First Line:
Oregon, University of, is a state-assisted coeducational school in Eugene, Ore.


First Line:
Oregon grape is the state flower of Oregon.


First Line:
Oregon State University is a state-supported, coeducational school in Corvallis, Oregon.


First Line:
Oregon Territory was created after the settlement in 1846 of a boundary dispute between the United States and Britain.


First Line:
Oregon Trail was the longest of the great overland routes used in the westward expansion of the United States.


First Line:
O'Reilly, Leonora (1870-1927), was an American labor leader and reformer.


First Line:
Orellana, Francisco de (1511?-1546), a Spanish explorer, headed the first group of Europeans to navigate the entire length of the Amazon River in South America.


First Line:
Orff, Carl (1895-1982), was a German composer and music educator.


First Line:
Organic chemistry is the study of compounds that contain carbon atoms.


First Line:
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development is an association of 30 nations in Europe, North America, and the Pacific area.


First Line:
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe is an international association of more than 50 Eastern and Western countries that work to increase their security.


First Line:
Organization of African Unity (OAU) is a union of African nations.


First Line:
Organization of American States (OAS) is an association of 35 American countries.


First Line:
Orient is another name for the Asian countries and islands, or the East.


First Line:
Oriental exclusion acts, a series of actions and acts approved by the United States government, restricted and prohibited Asians from entering the United States.


First Line:
Origami, is the art of folding paper into decorative objects.


First Line:
Orinoco, River is the longest river in Venezuela.


First Line:
Oriole, In America, orioles form a subdivision of the blackbird family.


First Line:
Orion, was a handsome and energetic hunter in Greek mythology.


First Line:
Orion, the Hunter, is a brilliant constellation that includes two of the brightest stars in the sky.


First Line:
Orizaba, Pico de, is the highest mountain in Mexico and the third highest in North America.


First Line:
Orkney Islands are a group of islands that form part of Scotland.


First Line:
Orlando, (pop. 185,951; met. area pop. 1,644,561), is a popular winter resort and tourist center in Florida.


First Line:
Orlando, Vittorio Emanuele, (1860-1952), served as prime minister of Italy from 1917 to 1919.


First Line:
Orleans, was the name of two branches of the royal French family, the houses of Valois-Orleans and Bourbon-Orleans (see Bourbon; Valois).


First Line:
Orleans, (pop. 107,965; met. area pop. 243,153), is an important commercial center in north-central France.


First Line:
Ormandy, Eugene (1899-1985), became one of the world's best-known orchestra conductors as director of the Philadelphia Orchestra.


First Line:
Ornithology, is the scientific study of birds.


First Line:
Ornithopter, is a machine designed to fly by flapping its wings like a bird.


First Line:
Oroville, Dam is the highest dam in the United States.


First Line:
Orozco, Jose Clemente, (1883-1949), was a Mexican painter.


First Line:
Orpheus, was a musician in Greek and Roman mythology.


First Line:
Orr, Bobby (1948-...), was one of the greatest defensemen in professional hockey history.


First Line:
Orrisroot, is the dried, sweet-smelling rhizome (underground stem) of certain irises.


First Line:
Ortega, Daniel (1945-...), was head of Nicaragua's government from 1979 until 1990.


First Line:
Ortega y Gasset, Jose (1883-1955), was a Spanish philosopher and essayist.


First Line:
Orthodontics, is the branch of dentistry that prevents and corrects irregular positions of the teeth.


First Line:
Orthopedics, is a branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the bones and muscles and their associated tissues.


First Line:
Orwell, George, was the pen name of Eric Arthur Blair (1903-1950), an English novelist and social critic.


First Line:
Osage  Indians, once gathered food and hunted buffalo throughout a vast region of what are now Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma.


First Line:
Osage orange, is a small- to medium-sized tree planted across the United States for hedges, ornamental purposes, and shade.


First Line:
Osaka, (pop. 2,623,801), is the third largest city in Japan.


First Line:
Osborn, Henry Fairfield (1857-1935), was an American paleontologist (expert on prehistoric life).


First Line:
Osborne, John (1929-1994), an English dramatist, became famous with his first important play, Look Back in Anger (1956).


First Line:
Osborne, Thomas Mott (1859-1926), was an American prison reformer.


First Line:
Oscan, was a language used by one of the earliest known peoples of Italy.


First Line:
Osceola, (1804?-1838), led the Seminole Indians in Florida during the Second Seminole War (1835-1842).


First Line:
Oscilloscope, is an electronic instrument that displays changing electrical signals.


First Line:
Oshawa, Ontario (pop. 134,364; met. area pop. 268,773), is an important Canadian industrial city sometimes called Canada's Motor City.


First Line:
Osier, is the name of certain shrubs and small trees in the willow family.


First Line:
Osiris, was an Egyptian fertility god who became the chief god of the underworld.


First Line:
Osler, Sir William (1849-1919), was a Canadian physician and one of the greatest medical educators.


First Line:
Oslo (pop. 457,818) is the capital and largest city of Norway.


First Line:
Osman I, (1258?-1326?), was the founder of the Ottoman Empire, which was named after him.


First Line:
Osmosis, is the movement of liquid from one solution through a special membrane into a more concentrated solution.


First Line:
Osprey, also called fish hawk, is a fish-eating bird.


First Line:
Ostend, (pop. 69,067), is a Belgian city on the North Sea, about 77 miles (124 kilometers) northwest of Brussels.


First Line:
Ostend Manifesto, was a controversial document drafted in 1854 as part of a plan by the United States to acquire the colony of Cuba from Spain.


First Line:
Osteomyelitis, is an inflammation of bone and bone marrow, the jellylike material in the core of bones.


First Line:
Osteopathic medicine, is a system of medical care based on the belief that all body systems are interrelated.


First Line:
Osteoporosis, is a condition in which bones become abnormally fragile.


First Line:
Osteosclerosis, means hardening, thickening, and increased density of bone.


First Line:
Ostrava, (pop. 331,448), is one of the largest cities in the Czech Republic.


First Line:
Ostwald, Wilhelm, (1853-1932), a German chemist, writer, and teacher, won the 1909 Nobel Prize for chemistry.


First Line:
Oswald, Lee Harvey (1939-1963), was accused of assassinating President John F. Kennedy on Nov. 22, 1963, in Dallas, Tex.


First Line:
Oswego, New York (pop. 17,954), is the easternmost port on the Great Lakes.


First Line:
Otis, Elisha Graves (1811-1861), was an American inventor who built the first elevator with an automatic safety device.


First Line:
Otis, James (1725-1783), was an American patriot and agitator against the United Kingdom.


First Line:
Otoscope is an instrument that doctors use to examine the eardrum.


First Line:
Ottawa, Ontario, is the capital of Canada.


First Line:
Ottawa, University of, or Universite d' Ottawa, is a coeducational school in Ottawa, Canada.


First Line:
Ottawa River is the chief branch of the St. Lawrence River and one of the most important streams of Canada.


First Line:
Otter hound is a breed of dog that was developed in Britain for the sport of hunting otters.


First Line:
Otto I (1815-1867), was the first king of Greece after the Greeks won their independence from the Ottoman Empire (now Turkey) in 1830.


First Line:
Otto I, the Great (912-973), a German king, was the first emperor of what became known as the Holy Roman Empire.


First Line:
Otto II (955-983), a German king, was the second emperor of what became known as the Holy Roman Empire.


First Line:
Ottoman Empire was the most powerful empire in the world during the 1500's and 1600's.


First Line:
Ouachita River, begins in the Ouachita Mountains of western Arkansas and flows east and then south into Louisiana.


First Line:
Ouagadougou, (pop. 442,223), is the capital and largest city of Burkina Faso.


First Line:
Ouija board, is a device used to supposedly ask questions of the spirits of the dead and receive answers from them.


First Line:
Ounce is a unit of weight or volume used primarily in the United States.


First Line:
Outcault, Richard Felton (1863-1928), was an American cartoonist.


First Line:
Outline is a short summary of the main topics or principal ideas of a written work or a speech.


First Line:
Outrigger is either of two kinds of boats or two kinds of boat devices.


First Line:
Outward Bound is an international educational organization that provides challenging wilderness experiences as courses of study.


First Line:
Ovary, is either of a pair of female sex organs that store and release eggs.


First Line:
Ovenbird is a common American bird that belongs to the family of warblers.


First Line:
Overeaters Anonymous is an organization for people whose eating habits disrupt their lives or threaten their health.


First Line:
Overture, is an instrumental composition that introduces a longer musical work, especially an opera.


First Line:
Ovid, (43 B.C.-A.D. 17?), was a great Roman poet.


First Line:
Oviparous animal, is an animal that reproduces by means of fertilized eggs that develop outside of the mother's body.


First Line:
Oviraptor, was a small meat-eating dinosaur that resembled an ostrich.


First Line:
Owen, Robert (1771-1858), was a Welsh-born social reformer.


First Line:
Owen, Robert Dale (1801-1877), was a social theorist and an American legislator.


First Line:
Owen, Ruth Bryan (1885-1954), was the first American woman chosen to represent the United States in another country.


First Line:
Owens, Jesse (1913-1980), was an American track-and-field star.


First Line:
Owensboro (pop. 54,067; met. area pop. 91,545) lies in western Kentucky on the south bank of the Ohio River.


First Line:
Owl is a type of bird that usually lives alone and hunts for food at night.


First Line:
Owyhee Dam, is one of the larger concrete arch gravity dams in the world.


First Line:
Ox. Oxen include domestic cattle, water buffalo, bison, musk oxen, brahman, yak, banteng, and other members of the bovine family.


First Line:
Oxalic acid, is a strong organic acid found in many vegetables and other plants.


First Line:
Oxalis, is the name of a large group of plants that grow chiefly in South Africa and South America.


First Line:
Oxbow lake is a crescent-shaped lake that forms when a river channel is cut off from the main stream.


First Line:
Oxenstierna, Axel Gustafsson (1583-1654), a Swedish statesman, was friend and adviser to King Gustavus Adolphus.


First Line:
Oxford, England (pop. 115,000), is the seat of Oxford University.


First Line:
Oxford Movement is the name given to a revival in the Church of England that began in 1833 at Oxford.


First Line:
Oxford University is the oldest university in Britain and one of the world's most famous institutions of higher learning.


First Line:
Oxidation, is a chemical reaction in which a substance loses electrons.


First Line:
Oxide, is a chemical compound of oxygen with some other element.


First Line:
Oxnam, G. Bromley (1891-1963), was a bishop of the Methodist Church. He served as bishop of the Washington, D.C., area from 1952 to 1960, when he retired.


First Line:
Oxygen is a life-supporting gas and a chemical element.


First Line:
Oxygen tent is a device that has been used in medicine for patients who require more oxygen than is normally contained in the air.


First Line:
Oyster is a type of shellfish that provides an important source of food and pearls.


First Line:
Oystercatcher is the name of a family of wading birds that live on seacoasts.


First Line:
Diazo process is a method of producing copies of documents.


First Line:
Ozark Mountains, are a range of hills extending from southern Illinois across Missouri and into Arkansas and Oklahoma.


First Line:
Ozawa, Seiji, (1935-...), is one of the outstanding orchestra conductors of his time.


First Line:
Ozick, Cynthia (1928-...), is an American author whose works consistently address fundamental questions of Jewish life.


First Line:
Ozone, is a form of oxygen that is present in the earth's atmosphere in small amounts.


First Line:
Paca, is a large rodent found in the tropics of North and South America.


First Line:
Paca, William (1740-1799), a Maryland signer of the Declaration of Independence, took part in many American political movements from 1771 until his death.


First Line:
Pachomius, Saint (290?-346), a Christian monk from Egypt, founded the first Christian religious communities called monasteries.


First Line:
Pachyderm, is one of the pachydermata, a zoological classification that has been abandoned.


First Line:
Pacific Coast States are California, Oregon, and Washington.


First Line:
Pacific Islands, also called Oceania, is the name given to a group of many thousands of islands scattered across the Pacific Ocean.


First Line:
Pacific Islands, Trust Territory of the, was a territory administered by the United States under the approval of the United Nations (UN).


First Line:
Pacific Northwest includes all of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, and western Montana.


First Line:
Pacific Ocean is the largest body of water in the world.


First Line:
Pacifism is a belief that rejects the use of violence.


First Line:
Packaging is a process essential for the containment and protection of goods.


First Line:
Pacu, is the common name for several species of South American freshwater fish.


First Line:
Paddle steamer is a steamship driven by paddle wheels.


First Line:
Paddlefish lives in the rivers and reservoirs of the Mississippi River drainage system.


First Line:
Paderewski, Ignace Jan, (1860-1941), was a Polish pianist, composer, and statesman.


First Line:
Padre Island is a barrier island that stretches for about 100 miles (160 kilometers) along the south Texas coast.


First Line:
Padua, (pop. 215,137), stands on the Bacchiglione River, 22 miles (35 kilometers) southwest of Venice.


First Line:
Paganini, Niccolo, (1782-1840), became one of the greatest violinists of all time.


First Line:
Pager, also called a beeper, is a small, wearable device that enables the carrier to receive brief messages while on the move.


First Line:
Pagoda, is a type of tower commonly associated with Buddhist temples.


First Line:
Paige, Satchel (1906?-1982), was one of the greatest pitchers in baseball history.


First Line:
Pain is an unpleasant sensation that can range from a mild annoyance to an overpowering experience.


First Line:
Paine, Robert Treat (1731-1814), an American statesman, was a Massachusetts signer of the Declaration of Independence in 1776.


First Line:
Paine, Thomas (1737-1809), was a famous pamphleteer, agitator, and writer on politics and religion.


First Line:
Paint is a substance that colors and protects a wide variety of surfaces.


First Line:
Painted Desert is a brilliantly colored plateau region extending about 200 miles (320 kilometers) along the Little Colorado River in north-central Arizona.


First Line:
Painted-tongue is a garden plant with large, trumpet-shaped blossoms.


First Line:
Painter refers to the artist who paints pictures, and also to the skilled worker in the building trades.


First Line:
Painter's colic, sometimes called lead colic, is a severe pain in the abdomen that results from lead poisoning.


First Line:
Painting is one of the oldest and most important arts.


First Line:
Paisley, is a town in western Scotland located about 7 miles (11 kilometers) west of Glasgow.


First Line:
Paisley, Ian (1926-...), is a Protestant minister and a political leader in Northern Ireland.


First Line:
Paiute Indians, is the name of two tribal groups of the Western United States--the Northern Paiute and the Southern Paiute.


First Line:
Pakistan, is a Muslim nation in southern Asia.


First Line:
Palace usually refers to the official residence of a king, queen, emperor, or empress.


First Line:
Palatinate, was the name of two little countries of the old German Empire.


First Line:
Palau is a small island nation in the western Pacific Ocean.


First Line:
Paleobotany, is the study of ancient plants.


First Line:
Paleography, is the study of ancient and medieval handwriting.


First Line:
Paleontology, is the study of animals, plants, and other organisms that lived in prehistoric times (more than 5,500 years ago).


First Line:
Palermo, (pop. 698,556), is the capital and chief seaport of Sicily, an Italian island.


First Line:
Palestine, a small, historic land at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea, is one of the world's most historic places.


First Line:
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) is the political body that represents the Arab people of Palestine.


First Line:
Palestrina, Giovanni, (1525?-1594), was one of the greatest composers of the Italian Renaissance.


First Line:
Palladio, Andrea, (1508-1580), was an architect of the Italian Renaissance.


First Line:
Palladium, is a soft, shiny, silvery-white metal.


First Line:
Palm is a group of trees, vines, and shrubs that typically grow in warm and wet climates, especially in the tropics.


First Line:
Palm oil, made from the fruit of the oil palm tree, is one of the most widely used vegetable oils in the world.


First Line:
Palm Springs (pop. 41,155) is a resort city in southern California that is surrounded by desert land and mountains.


First Line:
Palm Sunday is the Sunday before Easter and the beginning of Holy Week in the Christian calendar.


First Line:
Palmares, was the largest and most famous community established by runaway slaves in Brazil during the 1600's.


First Line:
Palmer, A. Mitchell (1872-1936), served as United States attorney general from 1919 to 1921 under President Woodrow Wilson. Palmer is best known for the Palmer Raids of January 1920, in which thousands of suspected anarchists and Communists were jailed wi


First Line:
Palmer, Alice Elvira Freeman (1855-1902), gained fame as an American educator.


First Line:
Palmer, Arnold (1929-...), an American golfer, became one of the greatest and most popular players in the history of the sport.


First Line:
Palmer, Joel (1810-1881), a Canadian-born statesman, won fame as a negotiator of important Indian treaties of 1854 and 1855.


First Line:
Palmer, Nathaniel Brown (1799-1877), was an American sea captain.


First Line:
Palmer, Potter (1826-1902), a merchant and real estate promoter, revolutionized the selling methods of his day.


First Line:
Palmerston, Viscount (1784-1865), was a distinguished foreign secretary and prime minister of the United Kingdom.


First Line:
Palmetto, is the name of a group of about 20 species of palm trees.


First Line:
Palmistry, is the practice of foretelling the future by examining the lines and marks of the human hand.


First Line:
Palmyra, was an ancient Syrian city, about midway between the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea and the Euphrates River.


First Line:
Palmyra palm, is a kind of palm that grows throughout India and nearby islands and in other hot countries.


First Line:
Palo Alto, California (pop. 58,598), lies between San Francisco Bay and the Santa Cruz Mountains, 32 miles (51 kilometers) south of San Francisco.


First Line:
Palomar Observatory, is an astronomical observatory in southwestern California, about 45 miles (72 kilometers) northeast of downtown San Diego.


First Line:
Paloverde, is the name of two species of thorny trees that grow in the dry regions of the Southwestern United States.


First Line:
Palsy, means the same as paralysis, the loss of movement or sensation (see Paralysis).


First Line:
Pamirs, is a huge region where the Himalaya, Hindu Kush, Kunlun, and Tian Shan mountains meet.


First Line:
Pampa, is a Spanish word that means plain.


First Line:
Pamphlet is a short published work of topical interest through which the writer wishes to inform or persuade the public.


First Line:
Pan was the god of woods and pastures in Greek mythology.


First Line:
Pan-American conferences have brought together representatives from countries of North, Central, and South America.


First Line:
Pan American Games are a series of athletic contests patterned after the Olympic Games and sponsored by the Pan American Sports Organization (PASO).


First Line:
Pan American Highway is a system of highways that extends from the United States-Mexican border to southern Chile.


First Line:
Panama is a small country in Central America that has worldwide importance as a transportation center.


First Line:
Panama Canal is a waterway that cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and links the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.


First Line:
Panama Canal Zone was a strip of land across the Isthmus of Panama that was governed by the United States from 1903 to 1979.


First Line:
Panama City (pop. 389,172) is the capital and largest city of Panama.


First Line:
Pancreas, is a body organ found in human beings and all animals with backbones.


First Line:
Pancreatitis, is a disease that involves inflammation of the pancreas.


First Line:
Panda is the name of two species of Asian mammals that differ greatly in appearance.


First Line:
Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi, (1900-1990), one of India's most famous women, became known for her work in government and for her interest in the women's movement.


First Line:
Pandora, in Greek mythology, was the first woman.


First Line:
Pangolin, is the name of several species of animals that resemble anteaters and armadillos.


First Line:
Panic disorder is a mental illness characterized by sudden, unexpected attacks of intense fear or terror.


First Line:
Pankhurst, Emmeline Goulden (1858-1928), led the fight for women's voting rights in Britain.


First Line:
Panmunjom, is the site of the truce talks that ended the Korean War in 1953.


First Line:
Pansy is a commonly cultivated type of violet.


First Line:
Pantheism, is the belief that the essence of God is in all things.


First Line:
Pantheon, is a well-preserved ancient temple in the center of Rome.


First Line:
Panther is a name used loosely for certain members of the cat family.


First Line:
Pantograph, is the name of a mechanical drawing instrument which copies, traces, or cuts in duplicate a design, map outline, or drawing.


First Line:
Pantomime refers to acting without words.


First Line:
Pap test is a procedure for detecting cancer cells and abnormalities that could become cancerous in the female genital tract.


First Line:
Papal States was the name given to territory once ruled by the pope of the Roman Catholic Church.


First Line:
Papaya, is a tropical fruit that has edible flesh and seeds.


First Line:
Papen, Franz von (1879-1969), was a German politician who helped make Adolf Hitler head of the German government in 1933.


First Line:
Paper is one of our most important industrial products.


First Line:
Paper bag is one of our most useful items.


First Line:
Paperwork refers to the use of decorative papers.


First Line:
Papier-mache, is a mixture of paper and glue used in crafts and the fine arts.


First Line:
Papineau, Louis Joseph (1786-1871), organized a French-Canadian revolt against the government of Lower Canada in 1837.


First Line:
Papua New Guinea, is an independent nation in the Pacific Ocean, north of Australia.


First Line:
Papyrus, is a water plant whose fibers were used by the people of ancient Egypt to make a writing material.


First Line:
Parable, is a brief story, proverb, or saying that expresses a moral.


First Line:
Parabola, is one of the curves most used in science.


First Line:
Paracelsus, Philippus Aureolus, (1493?-1541), was a Swiss physician who introduced the use of drugs made from minerals.


First Line:
Parachute is a device used to slow the fall of a person or object from an aircraft or any other great height.


First Line:
Parade is a public march or procession honoring a particular occasion.


First Line:
Paraffin, is a commonly used term for paraffin wax, a white, partly clear material.


First Line:
Paragraph is a section of a written work that consists of one or more sentences constructed and arranged to function as a unit.


First Line:
Paraguay, is a small landlocked country near the center of South America.


First Line:
Paraguay River, is a waterway that flows south through Paraguay, cutting the country in two.


First Line:
Parakeet, is a small member of the parrot family.


First Line:
Parallax, is the difference in direction of an object when seen from two positions that are not in a direct line with each other and the object.


First Line:
Paralysis, also called motor paralysis, is the loss of the ability to move voluntarily (under conscious control).


First Line:
Paramaribo, (pop. 180,000), is the capital, largest city, and chief port of Suriname, a country in northeastern South America.


First Line:
Paramecium, is a tiny one-celled organism that can hardly be seen without the microscope.


First Line:
Paramedic, is a trained medical worker who takes the place of a physician in certain situations.


First Line:
Parana, (pop. 276,160), is a river port city in east-central Argentina.


First Line:
Parana River, is the second longest river in South America, with a length of 2,485 miles (3,999 kilometers).


First Line:
Parapsychology, is the scientific study of certain alleged phenomena that do not exist according to current scientific assumptions.


First Line:
Parasite, is an organism that feeds and lives on another organism, called a host.


First Line:
Parathyroid gland, consists of four tiny glands that function as one gland.


First Line:
Parcel post is a postal service for carrying packages.


First Line:
Parchment is an animal skin that has been prepared as a surface for writing.


First Line:
Pardon is the act of releasing a person from the legal penalties for a crime the person has committed.


First Line:
Pare, Ambroise, (1510?-1590), a French surgeon, made important contributions to the use of surgery in medicine.


First Line:
Parent education helps parents or future parents acquire the practical and emotional skills needed to raise children.


First Line:
Parent-teacher organizations are volunteer groups that work to improve the education, health, and safety of children and youth in local communities.


First Line:
Parenthesis, is a word, phrase, or sentence added to another sentence for the purpose of extra explanation, information, or comment.


First Line:
Parents Without Partners is an organization of men and women who are raising children in a home that has only one parent.


First Line:
Pareto, Vilfredo, (1848-1923), was an Italian sociologist and economist known chiefly for his theories on political behavior.


First Line:
Paricutin, is the most recent volcano to form in the Western Hemisphere.


First Line:
Paris, in Greek mythology, was a son of Priam, king of Troy.


First Line:
Paris is the capital and largest city of France.


First Line:
Paris, University of, is a government-supported university system in Paris and its suburbs.


First Line:
Parity, in physics, concerns the symmetry between an event and its reflection in a mirror.


First Line:
Parity, in economics, is equivalence in the values of currencies or in the prices of goods over time.


First Line:
Park. Most parks are sections of land set aside for enjoyment by the public.


First Line:
Park, Mungo (1771-1806), was a Scottish explorer who led one of the first European expeditions to investigate the course of the Niger River in western Africa.


First Line:
Park Chung Hee (1917-1979) served as president of South Korea from 1963 to 1979.


First Line:
Parker, Alton Brooks (1852-1926), an American judge and politician, won the Democratic Party nomination for United States President in 1904.


First Line:
Parker, Charlie (1920-1955), an alto saxophonist and composer, ranks among the most influential musicians in jazz history.


First Line:
Parker, Dorothy (1893-1967), was an American poet and short-story writer.


First Line:
Parker, Ely Samuel (1828-1895), was the first Indian to serve as United States Commissioner of Indian Affairs.


First Line:
Parker, Francis Wayland (1837-1902), an American educator, exerted great influence on modern educational practice.


First Line:
Parker, Robert B. (1932-...), an American author of detective stories, created the private investigator known only as Spenser. Parker introduced Spenser in the novel The Godwulf Manuscript (1974).


First Line:
Parker, Theodore (1810-1860), was an American Unitarian clergyman and social reformer.


First Line:
Parkinson disease is a disorder that gradually destroys cells in certain regions of the brain involved in moving the body.


First Line:
Parkinson's law is a humorous criticism of the administration of business or government.


First Line:
Parkman, Francis (1823-1893), one of America's greatest historians, wrote vivid accounts of the role of the Indians in North American history.


First Line:
Parliament is the national lawmaking body of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Japan, and other democratic countries.


First Line:
Parliamentary procedure is a way to conduct a meeting in an orderly manner.


First Line:
Parma, (pop. 170,520), is a city in northern Italy.


First Line:
Parmenides, (515?-450? B.C.), was the most important of the early Greek philosophers who lived before Socrates.


First Line:
Parnassus, is a mountain in Phocis in Greece.


First Line:
Parnell, Charles Stewart (1846-1891), an Irish political leader, almost obtained home rule (self-government) for Ireland by constitutional means (see Home rule).


First Line:
Parochial school, is a private school conducted and supervised by a religious group.


First Line:
Parody is a comic imitation of a literary work.


First Line:
Parole is the early release of criminals from prison, in most cases as a reward for good behavior.


First Line:
Parris Island Marine Corps Recruit Depot, South Carolina, trains most United States Marine Corps recruits east of the Mississippi River.


First Line:
Parrish, Maxfield (1870-1966), an American painter and illustrator, portrayed a world of rich color and poetic fancy.


First Line:
Parrot is the name of a large group of colorful birds found chiefly in warm, tropical regions.


First Line:
Parrotfish is the name of a group of about 75 species of fish that live around coral reefs in tropical and subtropical seas.


First Line:
Parry, Sir William Edward (1790-1855), a British naval officer and Arctic explorer, led official expeditions in 1819, 1821, and 1824 in search of the Northwest Passage.


First Line:
Parsley, is a biennial vegetable, sometimes considered as an herb.


First Line:
Parsnip is a biennial vegetable with many deeply and finely lobed leaves.


First Line:
Parsons, Elsie Clews (1875-1941), was an American cultural anthropologist.


First Line:
Parsons, Talcott (1902-1979), was an American sociologist.


First Line:
Parthenon, is an ancient Greek temple in Athens.


First Line:
Parthia, was an ancient kingdom southeast of the Caspian Sea, in Asia.


First Line:
Parti Quebecois, is a political party in Quebec, the largely French-speaking province within mainly English-speaking Canada.


First Line:
Participle is a verb form used as an adjective without losing its character as a verb.


First Line:
Particle accelerator is a device that speeds up the movement of tiny bits of matter.


First Line:
Particle detector is a device that physicists use to observe subatomic particles, units of matter smaller than an atom.


First Line:
Partisans, work behind enemy lines in wartime to weaken the opponent's hold on its homeland, and to support the military operations of their allies.


First Line:
Partnership is an association formed by two or more people to carry on a business.


First Line:
Parton, Dolly (1946-...), is a popular country music singer and songwriter known for her expressive songs, lilting voice, and striking stage appearance.


First Line:
Partridge, is the bird that people in the northern and western parts of the United States call quail, or bobwhite.


First Line:
Parts of speech are the word categories of languages.


First Line:
Pasadena, California (pop. 133,936), is an attractive residential city.


First Line:
Pascal, a unit in the metric system, is used to measure pressure (force per unit of area).


First Line:
Pascal, Blaise, (1623-1662), was a French physicist, mathematician, and philosopher.


First Line:
Pascal's law, also called Pascal's principle, describes the effect of applying pressure on a fluid in a closed container.


First Line:
Paschal II, (?-1118), was elected pope in 1099.


First Line:
Pashtuns, are one of the largest ethnic groups in Afghanistan and Pakistan.


First Line:
Pasqueflower, is the name of three small plants with large flowers that open early in the spring.


First Line:
Passamaquoddy Bay, is a part of the Bay of Fundy between Maine and New Brunswick, Canada.


First Line:
Passenger pigeon is an extinct bird that once was abundant in eastern North America.


First Line:
Passion-flower is a type of woody vine that has unusual blossoms.


First Line:
Passion music is a vocal composition that dramatically tells the Gospel story of the suffering and Crucifixion of Jesus Christ.


First Line:
Passion play is a dramatic performance that presents the death and resurrection of a god.


First Line:
Passover, also called Pesah, is a Jewish festival that celebrates the flight of the Israelites from Egyptian slavery, probably in the 1200's B.C.


First Line:
Passport is a travel document that identifies the holder as a citizen of the country by which it is issued.


First Line:
Pasta, is a food made chiefly from wheat products and water.


First Line:
Pasternak, Boris (1890-1960), was a Russian poet and fiction writer.


First Line:
Pasteur, Louis (1822-1895), of France, made major contributions to chemistry, medicine, and industry that have greatly benefited humanity.


First Line:
Pasteurization is a method of preserving food.


First Line:
Pastorius, Francis Daniel (1651-1719?), a German lawyer and scholar, founded Germantown, now a part of Philadelphia.


First Line:
Pastry is a food baked from a stiff, short dough that is composed basically of flour, salt, shortening, and water.


First Line:
Patagonia, is a region in the southern part of South America.


First Line:
Patchouli, is a strongly fragrant oil used in making perfumes.


First Line:
Patent is a document issued by a national government granting an inventor exclusive rights to an invention for a limited time.


First Line:
Pater, Walter Horatio (1839-1894), an English essayist and critic, influenced the artistic taste of many English people in the late 1800's.


First Line:
Paterson, (pop. 149,222), was one of the earliest industrial communities in the United States.


First Line:
Paterson, Katherine (1932-...), is an American author of children's books.


First Line:
Paterson, William (1745-1806), a lawyer and judge from New Jersey, was a signer of the Constitution of the United States.


First Line:
Pathology, is the study of disease, or any condition that limits the power, length, or enjoyment of life.


First Line:
Patmos, is a small volcanic island in the Aegean Sea, off Turkey's west coast.


First Line:
Paton, Alan (1903-1988), was a South African author, social critic, and educator who wrote about the tragic consequences of rigid racial segregation.


First Line:
Patriarch, was the father or ruler of a family or tribe in ancient times.


First Line:
Patricians, were aristocrats of the early Roman Republic (509-264 B.C.).


First Line:
Patrick, Saint (about 389-461), is the patron saint of Ireland.


First Line:
Patrick Air Force Base, Florida, is the home of the United States Air Force's Eastern Space and Missile Center.


First Line:
Patriotism is the love of one's country.


First Line:
Patron saints are saints chosen to protect the interests of a country, place, group, trade or profession, or activity, and to intercede for them in heaven (see Saint).


First Line:
Patronage, in politics is the power to name appointees to government jobs.


First Line:
Patroon system, was a plan set up by the Dutch West India Company in 1629.


First Line:
Patton, George Smith, Jr. (1885-1945), was one of the most colorful American generals of World War II. His dramatic manner, outspoken comments on military and political affairs, and reckless behavior won him both applause and criticism.


First Line:
Paul I (1901-1964) was king of Greece from 1947 to 1964.


First Line:
Paul III (1468-1549) was elected pope in 1534 and reigned during the transition in Rome from the Renaissance to the church renewal movement called the Counter Reformation.


First Line:
Paul IV (1476-1559) was elected pope in 1555.


First Line:
Paul VI (1897-1978) was elected pope of the Roman Catholic Church in 1963.


First Line:
Paul, Alice (1885-1977), became one of the first American leaders of the movement for equal rights for women.


First Line:
Paul, Saint, was one of the most important leaders of early Christianity.


First Line:
Pauli, Wolfgang (1900-1958), an Austrian theoretical physicist, won the 1945 Nobel Prize in physics for his proposal in 1925 of a rule explaining the behavior of electrons in atoms.


First Line:
Pauling, Linus Carl (1901-1994), an American chemist, won two Nobel Prizes.


First Line:
Paulists are members of the first Roman Catholic order of priests to be founded in America.


First Line:
Pavarotti, Luciano, (1935-...), an Italian lyric tenor, was one of the most popular opera stars of the 1900's.


First Line:
Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich, (1849-1936), a Russian physiologist, won the 1904 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine for his research on digestion.


First Line:
Pavlova, Anna, (1881-1931), a Russian ballerina, became the most famous dancer of her generation.


First Line:
Pawnbroker is a person who lends small sums of money on articles of clothing, watches, jewelry, and other belongings that are left with the pawnbroker as security.


First Line:
Pawnee Indians, are a tribe that lives largely in the Pawnee, Oklahoma, area.


First Line:
Pawpaw is a small tree or shrub native to North America.


First Line:
Pawtucket, (pop. 72,958), is the fourth largest city in Rhode Island.


First Line:
Payne, John Howard (1791-1852), was the first American playwright to achieve international fame.


First Line:
Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia Helena (1900-1979), was an English-born astronomer who became an authority on variable stars (stars that change in brightness) and the structure of the Milky Way Galaxy.


First Line:
Payton, Walter (1954-1999), a running back for the Chicago Bears, became the leading rusher in National Football League (NFL) history.


First Line:
Paz, Octavio, (1914-1998), a Mexican poet and essayist, won the 1990 Nobel Prize for literature.


First Line:
Pea is a plant grown chiefly for its round edible seeds, which are also called peas.


First Line:
Peace is the state of being calm, quiet, and free of disturbance.


First Line:
Peace Bridge is a symbol of the years of friendship between the peoples of the United States and Canada.


First Line:
Peace Corps is an overseas volunteer program of the United States government.


First Line:
Peace pipe, also called calumet, was a ceremonial tobacco pipe that North American Indians smoked as a sign of peace and friendship.


First Line:
Peace River, in western Canada, is the largest tributary of the Mackenzie River.


First Line:
Peach is a roundish, yellow to reddish, edible fruit.


First Line:
Peach moth is a small, mottled brown moth.


First Line:
Peacock, also called peafowl, is one of the showiest of all birds because of its great size and the beauty of its feathers.


First Line:
Peale was a family of famous American artists.


First Line:
Peale, Norman Vincent (1898-1993), an American clergyman, won fame for his writings and his radio and television programs.


First Line:
Peanut is a plant species grown mainly for its fruit.


First Line:
Pearl Harbor was the site of a surprise attack on the United States by Japanese military forces on Dec. 7, 1941.


First Line:
Pearson, Karl (1857-1936), a British geneticist, helped develop the science of statistics.


First Line:
Pearson, Lester Bowles (1897-1972), a former baseball and hockey player and university professor, served as prime minister of Canada from 1963 to 1968.


First Line:
Peary, Robert Edwin (1856-1920), was an American Arctic explorer.


First Line:
Peasants' War refers to the rebellion of German peasants against their lords in 1524 and 1525.


First Line:
Pease, Howard (1894-1974), was an American author of stories for young people.


First Line:
Peat is partly decayed plant matter that has collected in swamps and marshes over long periods of time.


First Line:
Peat moss is a kind of moss from which peat is formed.


First Line:
Peattie, Donald Culross, (1898-1964), an American author and botanist, became well known for his popular books of natural history.


First Line:
Pecan, a tree native to North America, is valuable for its fruit, the pecan nut.


First Line:
Peccary, is a hoofed animal that lives in forests and desert scrublands.


First Line:
Peck is a unit of dry measure that is equal to 8 quarts or a quarter of a bushel (0.0088 cubic meter).


First Line:
Peckham, Rufus W. (1838-1909), was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Peckham believed in as little government interference with business as possible, and opposed many reform and welfare measures.


First Line:
Pecos Bill, is a cowboy hero in American folklore and popular tradition.


First Line:
Pecos National Historical Park, in north-central New Mexico, contains ruins of the ancient pueblo (village) of Pecos.


First Line:
Pecos River, is the largest branch of the Rio Grande.


First Line:
Pecs, (pop. 172,177), is an industrial center in the coal- and uranium-mining region of southwest Hungary.


First Line:
Pectin, or pectinic acid, is a substance found in the cell walls of many fruits and some vegetables.


First Line:
Pediatrics is the branch of medicine concerned with the health of children.


First Line:
Pedicab, is a type of three-wheeled vehicle used as a taxicab.


First Line:
Pedigree, is a record of the ancestors of an animal or plant.


First Line:
Pedometer, is a small instrument that measures the distance a person walks.


First Line:
Pedro I, (1798-1834), was the first emperor of independent Brazil.


First Line:
Pedro II, (1825-1891), was emperor of Brazil from 1831 to 1889.


First Line:
Peel, Sir Robert (1788-1850), was a famous British statesman.


First Line:
Peerce, Jan (1904-1984), became one of the most successful American opera and concert tenors of his day.


First Line:
Pegasus, was an immortal winged horse in Greek mythology.


First Line:
Pei, I. M. (1917-...), is an American architect noted for his creative urban designs. These designs include skyscrapers, housing projects, museums, and academic and government buildings.


First Line:
Peirce, Charles Sanders (1839-1914), was an American philosopher.


First Line:
Peking fossils, are the remains of a type of prehistoric human being who lived between about 600,000 and 400,000 years ago in what is now northern China.


First Line:
Pekingese, is a small dog with long hair, a broad flat face, and a tail that curls over its back.


First Line:
Pele, (1940-...), a Brazilian athlete, won fame as the greatest soccer player of his time and the most recognized athlete in world sports.


First Line:
Peleliu, is a narrow raised reef island in the Western Pacific.


First Line:
Pelican, is a large bird that lives near water.


First Line:
Pelican flower is a vine of tropical North America and South America.


First Line:
Mount Pelion, is a mountain in Thessaly in Greece.


First Line:
Pellagra, is a disease caused by a lack of niacin and other B-complex vitamins (see Vitamin).


First Line:
Pelopidas, (?-364 B.C.), was a general and statesman in ancient Thebes.


First Line:
Peloponnesian War, was fought by the ancient Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta from 431 to 404 B.C.


First Line:
Peloponnesus, is the ancient name of the southern peninsula of Greece.


First Line:
Pelvic inflammatory disease, often referred to as PID, is an infection of the female reproductive system.


First Line:
Pelvis is the bony structure that supports the lower abdomen.


First Line:
Pembroke Welsh corgi, is a breed of dog that originated in the area of Pembroke, Wales, during the early 1100's.


First Line:
Pemmican, was one of the first forms of concentrated food.


First Line:
Pen is an instrument used for writing or drawing with ink.


First Line:
Pen name is a name an author uses instead of his or her real name.


First Line:
Pena, Federico Fabian, (1947-...), served as United States secretary of transportation from January 1993 to January 1997 and as secretary of energy from January 1997 to June 1998, when he resigned.


First Line:
Penal colony is a settlement outside a country where the country sends its prisoners.


First Line:
Pencil is the most widely used writing and drawing instrument in the world.


First Line:
Penderecki, Krzysztof, (1933-...), is a Polish composer.


First Line:
Pendleton, George Hunt (1825-1889), a United States senator, sponsored the Pendleton Act, which created the civil service system in 1883.


First Line:
Pendulum, If an object that pivots around a fixed point is pulled aside and let go, gravity makes it swing back and forth at a regular rate.


First Line:
Penelope, in Greek mythology, was the wife of Odysseus (Ulysses in Latin), king of Ithaca.


First Line:
Penfield, Wilder Graves (1891-1976), was a Canadian neuroscientist and physician who developed a surgical cure for some forms of epilepsy.


First Line:
Penguin is a type of flightless bird that spends most of its life in the ocean.


First Line:
Penicillin, is a powerful drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria.


First Line:
Peninsula, is an area of land that is nearly surrounded by water.


First Line:
Penis is an external male reproductive organ.


First Line:
Penn, John (1740-1788), a North Carolina delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1780, was a signer of the Declaration of Independence.


First Line:
Penn, William (1644-1718), was a famous English Quaker who founded Pennsylvania.


First Line:
Pennell, Joseph (1857-1926), was an American printmaker.


First Line:
Penney, James Cash (1875-1971), an American merchant, established the J. C. Penney Company.


First Line:
Pennine Chain, is a long line of uplands in northern England.


First Line:
Pennsylvania is a leading manufacturing and industrial center of the United States.


First Line:
Pennsylvania, University of, in Philadelphia, is one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in the United States.


First Line:
Pennsylvania Dutch refers to the people who came to Pennsylvania in the late 1600's and the 1700's from the German Rhineland, and their descendants.


First Line:
Pennsylvania State University is a coeducational land-grant institution that offers advanced education at more than 20 locations in Pennsylvania.


First Line:
Pennsylvania Turnpike is a 470-mile (755-kilometer) toll superhighway.


First Line:
Penny is the name of various coins that are used in the United Kingdom, the United States, and other countries.


First Line:
Pennyroyal, is the name of several herbs of the mint family.


First Line:
Pennyweight is a unit of measure in the troy system of weights.


First Line:
Penobscot River, is the longest waterway in Maine.


First Line:
Pensacola (pop. 56,255; met. area pop. 412,153) is Florida's largest deepwater seaport.


First Line:
Pensacola Dam is a federal flood-control and electric-power project on the Neosho River near Pensacola, Okla.


First Line:
Pensacola Naval Air Station, Florida, serves as the headquarters of the Chief of Naval Education and Training, a command that directs and controls all education and training for the United States Navy.


First Line:
Pension is a form of income that workers or their spouses receive after the workers retire, become disabled, or die.


First Line:
Pentagon is a polygon having five sides.


First Line:
Pentagon Building is one of the largest office buildings in the world.


First Line:
Pentateuch, consists of the first five books of the Bible.


First Line:
Pentathlon, Modern, is an athletic competition for men and women that tests skill in pistol shooting, fencing, swimming, horseback riding, and running.


First Line:
Pentecost, is the feast that marks the end of the 50-day Christian observance of Easter.


First Line:
Pentecostal churches, are a group of Protestant churches that trace their origins to a religious revival that began in Topeka, Kansas, in 1901.


First Line:
Peonage, is a system of forced labor in which the peon (laborer) is forced to work in payment of a debt.


First Line:
Peony, is the common name of a group of plants with large, handsome flowers.


First Line:
Peoria, (pop. 112,936), is a major industrial center and one of the largest cities in Illinois.


First Line:
Pepin the Short, (714?-768), also called Pepin III, was the first king of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty.


First Line:
Pepper is a spice that comes from the fruit of several kinds of plants.


First Line:
Pepper is a shrubby plant grown for its fruit, which are also called peppers.


First Line:
Pepperdine University is a private, coeducational, Christian, liberal arts university in Malibu, Calif.


First Line:
Peppermint is a perennial herb of the mint family.


First Line:
Peppertree gets its name from the strong-smelling berries that grow on it.


First Line:
Pepsin is a digestive enzyme found in the gastric juice of the stomach.


First Line:
Pepys, Samuel (1633-1703), was an English writer and government official.


First Line:
Percale, is a closely woven cloth made from combed cotton yarn.


First Line:
Percentage refers to computing by hundredths.


First Line:
Perception. The world around us consists of various kinds and levels of physical energy.


First Line:
Perch is the name of a family of about 165 species of freshwater fish that live in the Northern Hemisphere.


First Line:
Peregrine falcon, is a bird of prey that can travel faster than any other animal.


First Line:
Perelman, S. J. (1904-1979), was an American writer known for his humorous satires and parodies on contemporary life. Perelman's targets included advertising, best-selling fiction, the Hollywood motion-picture industry, and the behavior of American touris


First Line:
Perennial, is a plant that lives for more than two years or growing seasons.


First Line:
Peres, Shimon, (1923-...), a Labor Party politician, was prime minister of Israel twice.


First Line:
Perez de Cuellar,  (1920-...), is a diplomat from Peru who served as secretary-general of the United Nations (UN) from 1982 to 1991.


First Line:
Performance art is a live performance that combines elements from many branches of art.


First Line:
Perfume is a substance that gives off a pleasing fragrance.


First Line:
Pergolesi, Giovanni Battista, (1710-1736), was an Italian composer.


First Line:
Pericles, (490?-429 B.C.), was a Greek statesman whose name was given to the greatest period in the history of ancient Athens.


First Line:
Peridot, is a transparent gem that is almost always some shade of green because of its iron content.


First Line:
Perihelion, is the position of a planet or comet when it is closest to the sun.


First Line:
Periodontitis, is a disease of the gums and of the bone that supports the teeth in their sockets.


First Line:
Peripatetic philosophy, was established by the Greek philosopher Aristotle.


First Line:
Periscope, is an optical instrument with which a person can observe objects from a distance or when vision would normally be blocked.


First Line:
Peritonitis, is an inflammation of the peritoneum, the thin membrane that lines the abdominal cavity.


First Line:
Periwinkle, is the common name for a group of marine snails.


First Line:
Perjury, is a crime in which a person swears or affirms to tell the truth in a court of law or in an administrative or legislative proceeding, and then deliberately tells a lie.


First Line:
Perkins, Frances (1880-1965), became the first woman Cabinet member in the United States government.


First Line:
Perlman, Itzhak, (1945-...), is a noted Israeli violinist.


First Line:
Permafrost is ground that remains frozen for two or more years.


First Line:
Permalloy, is a nickel-iron alloy that is easy to magnetize.


First Line:
Permutations and combinations are names that mathematicians use for certain groups of objects or symbols.


First Line:
Peron, Eva Duarte de, (1919-1952), was the second wife of President Juan Peron of Argentina.


First Line:
Peron, Francois (1775-1810), a French naturalist, wrote the first description of the Tasmanian Aborigines.


First Line:
Peron, Juan Domingo, (1895-1974), was president of Argentina from 1946 to 1955, and again in 1973 and 1974.


First Line:
Perot, Ross (1930-...), is an American businessman who became a candidate for president of the United States in 1992 and 1996.


First Line:
Perpetual motion machine is a hypothetical device that can continuously produce work with no energy input, continuously convert energy completely into work, or continuously produce more energy than it consumes.


First Line:
Perrault, Charles (1628-1703), a French writer, is best known for a book of fairy tales he collected, Tales of Mother Goose.


First Line:
Perry, Matthew Calbraith (1794-1858), was a famous United States naval officer, best known for opening Japan to Western trade and diplomacy.


First Line:
Perry, Oliver Hazard (1785-1819), was a United States naval officer who became noted for his heroism during the War of 1812.


First Line:
Perry, William James (1927-...), served as United States secretary of defense from 1994 to 1997, under President Bill Clinton.


First Line:
Persephone, was a beautiful goddess in Greek and Roman mythology.


First Line:
Persepolis, was a capital of ancient Persia.


First Line:
Perseus, in Greek mythology, was the son of the god Zeus and the mortal Danae.


First Line:
Perseus, is a constellation of the northern sky.


First Line:
Pershing, John Joseph (1860-1948), commanded the American Expeditionary Forces (A.E.F.) in Europe in World War I (1914-1918).


First Line:
Persia, Ancient, was a land that included parts of what are now Iran and Afghanistan.


First Line:
Persian Gulf, is a kidney-shaped body of water in southwestern Asia between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula.


First Line:
Persian Gulf War, sometimes called Operation Desert Storm, was fought in early 1991 between Iraq and a coalition of 39 countries organized mainly by the United States and the United Nations (UN).


First Line:
Persimmon is the name of more than 200 species of small trees that belong to the ebony family.


First Line:
Person, in grammar, is the feature of a language that shows the difference between the speaker, the person spoken to, and a person or thing spoken about.


First Line:
Personal property is one of the two classes into which all property may be divided.


First Line:
Personality is a term that has many general meanings.


First Line:
Personnel management is a field of management that involves using workers' skills effectively and making their jobs rewarding.


First Line:
Perspective is a technique used by artists to give a picture the illusion of depth and distance.


First Line:
Perspiration, also called sweat, consists of water and certain dissolved substances produced by glands in the skin.


First Line:
Perth (pop. 1,244,320) is the capital and business center of the state of Western Australia.


First Line:
Peru, is the third largest country in South America.


First Line:
Peru Current, is a cold, broad, shallow current in the Pacific Ocean.


First Line:
Perutz, Max Ferdinand (1914-2002), a British molecular biologist, shared the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1962 with John C. Kendrew.


First Line:
Pescadores, (pop. 100,288), are a group of 63 islands which cover a total area of 49 square miles (127 square kilometers) in the Taiwan Strait between Taiwan and China.


First Line:
Peseta, was a monetary unit of Spain and the Spanish dependencies.


First Line:
Peso, originally was the name of the old Spanish dollar.


First Line:
Pest control is a term that identifies various methods used to reduce or eliminate pests.


First Line:
Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich (1746-1827), was a Swiss educator who became a pioneer of modern education.


First Line:
Pet. Animals have been kept as pets by people in all parts of the world for thousands of years.


First Line:
Petain, Henri Philippe, (1856-1951), became a national hero of France because of his military leadership in World War I. Yet he was tried and imprisoned for treason in his old age because of his collaboration with the Germans in World War II.


First Line:
Petate, is a mat made of dried palm leaves or grass.


First Line:
Peter I (1844-1921), a Serbian king, ruled from 1903 to 1921.


First Line:
Peter I, the Great (1672-1725), was one of the most famous rulers in history.


First Line:
Peter II (1923-1970) became king of Yugoslavia at the age of 11 when his father, King Alexander, was assassinated.


First Line:
Peter, Epistles of, are the 21st and 22nd books of the New Testament.


First Line:
Peter, Saint (?-A.D. 64?), was a leading apostle of Jesus Christ.


First Line:
Peter Pan is the boy hero in several fantasies written by the Scottish author J. M. Barrie.


First Line:
Peter the Hermit (1050?-1115?) was a monk of Amiens who is famous as a preacher of the First Crusade.


First Line:
Petersburg (pop. 33,740), in southeastern Virginia, is one of the most historic cities of the South.


First Line:
Peterson, Oscar (1925-...), is one of the great pianists in the history of jazz.


First Line:
Peterson, Roger Tory (1908-1996), was an American artist, naturalist, and author.


First Line:
Petipa, Marius, (1818-1910), was a great French choreographer (creator of dances).


First Line:
Petit, Roland (1924-...), is a French dancer and choreographer (creator of dances).


First Line:
Petit basset griffon vendeen, is a short-legged, rough-coated dog bred to hunt small game, especially hare and rabbit.


First Line:
Petit point, is a delicate form of embroidery usually sewed on fine mesh canvas.


First Line:
Petitgrain oil, is an oil made by distilling the leaves and sometimes the twigs of the bitter orange tree.


First Line:
Petition is a written request submitted to a court, a public official, or a legislative body.


First Line:
Petition of Right was a document written in 1628 by the English Parliament and presented to King Charles I. It declared unconstitutional certain actions of the king, such as levying taxes without the consent of Parliament, housing soldiers in homes, setti


First Line:
PETN is short for pentaerythritol tetranitrate, an explosive more powerful than TNT. It is used as the core of detonating caps and fuses because it is capable of exploding in small devices.


First Line:
Petoskey stone, is a rounded, polished fragment of fossilized coral found near Petoskey, Mich.


First Line:
Petra, was an ancient city south of the Dead Sea in what is now Jordan.


First Line:
Petrarch, (1304-1374), was a great Italian lyric poet and scholar.


First Line:
Petrel, is one of a large group of ocean birds.


First Line:
Petrified forest, is made up of tree trunks that were buried in mud, sand, or volcanic ash ages ago and have turned to stone.


First Line:
Petrified Forest National Park, lies in the Painted Desert in northern Arizona.


First Line:
Petrillo, James Caesar, (1892-1984), served as president of the American Federation of Musicians from 1940 to 1958.


First Line:
Petrochemicals, are chemicals made from petroleum or natural gas.


First Line:
Petrolatum, also called petroleum jelly, is a colorless to yellow, jellylike substance made from petroleum.


First Line:
Petroleum is one of the most valuable natural resources in the world.


First Line:
Petroleum coke is a useful product obtained in refining crude oil.


First Line:
Petrology, is a branch of geology that deals with the origin and composition of rocks.


First Line:
Petronius, (?-A.D. 66), wrote the first Roman novel, the Satyricon.


First Line:
Petty, Richard (1937-...), became one of the greatest and most popular drivers in American automobile racing history.


First Line:
Petunia, is the name of a group of plants known for their beautiful, funnel-shaped flowers.


First Line:
Pevsner, Antoine, (1886-1962), was a Russian-born painter and sculptor.


First Line:
Pew Charitable Trusts donate money to nonprofit organizations that promote the public welfare.


First Line:
Pewee is the name of 11 species of small birds that are native to the Western Hemisphere.


First Line:
Pewter, is an alloy that consists mainly of tin.


First Line:
pH is a number used by scientists to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. pH generally ranges from 0 to 14.


First Line:
Phaethon, in Greek mythology, was the son of the sun god Helios and the sea goddess Clymene.


First Line:
Phaistos, is an archaeological site on the Mediterranean island of Crete.


First Line:
Phalarope, is a small sandpiperlike bird that breeds in the Northern Hemisphere and winters in the Southern Hemisphere.


First Line:
Pharaoh, was a title of the later kings of ancient Egypt.


First Line:
Pharaoh hound is one of the oldest breeds of dogs.


First Line:
Pharisees, were members of an ancient Jewish group that became an important political party in Palestine during the reign of Queen Alexandra (76-67 B.C.).


First Line:
Pharmacology, is the scientific study of the effects chemicals have on living things.


First Line:
Pharmacy is the profession concerned with the preparation, distribution, and use of drugs.


First Line:
Pharynx, is a cone-shaped tube that connects the nose and mouth with the voice box and esophagus (tube leading to the stomach).


First Line:
Pheasant, is the name of several species of medium-to-large birds closely related to peacocks and jungle fowls.


First Line:
Phenolic, is any of a group of strong and inexpensive plastics materials.


First Line:
Phenology, is the study of when certain biological events that depend on climate take place.


First Line:
Phenolphthalein, is a chemical compound used as an indicator of alkalinity or acidity, and as a laxative.


First Line:
Phenomenology, is a philosophy that was developed by the German philosopher Edmund Husserl in the early 1900's.


First Line:
Phenylketonuria (PKU), is a hereditary disease that results in mental retardation unless treated during early infancy.


First Line:
Pheromone, is a chemical substance released by many kinds of animals to communicate with other members of their species.


First Line:
Phi Beta Kappa, is a college and university honor society that encourages scholarship in the liberal arts and sciences.


First Line:
Phidias, (490?-420? B.C.), was the greatest sculptor in ancient Greece.


First Line:
Philadelphia is the birthplace of the United States.


First Line:
Philadelphia, was the name the ancient Greeks gave to several cities.


First Line:
Philadelphia Naval Base, Pennsylvania, houses major United States naval activities in the Philadelphia area.


First Line:
Philanthropy, is the promotion of the well-being of human beings by individuals and groups who contribute their services or dedicate their property and money.


First Line:
Philemon, Epistle to, is the 18th book of the New Testament.


First Line:
Philemon and Baucis, are the central characters in an ancient Greek myth.


First Line:
Philip II (1165-1223) of France was one of the most important kings of the Capetian dynasty, which ruled France from 987 to 1328.


First Line:
Philip II (382-336 B.C.) was a great Macedonian king who became master of Greece.


First Line:
Philip II (1527-1598) was a Spanish king who ruled one of the largest empires ever created.


First Line:
Philip IV (1268-1314) of France succeeded his father, Philip III, as king in 1285.


First Line:
Philip V (1683-1746) became king of Spain in 1700.


First Line:
Philip VI (1293-1350) of France became the first of the Valois line of French kings in 1328.


First Line:
Philip, King (?-1676), became chief of the Wampanoag Indians in 1662.


First Line:
Philip, Prince (1921-...), is the husband of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.


First Line:
Philip of Bethsaida, Saint, was one of the 12 apostles of Jesus Christ.


First Line:
Philip the Evangelist, was an early Christian.


First Line:
Philipe, Gerard (1922-1959), was a handsome, romantic leading man in the French theater and in motion pictures.


First Line:
Philippians, Epistle to the, is the 11th book of the New Testament.


First Line:
Philippines is an island country in the southwest Pacific Ocean.


First Line:
Philistines, were an ancient people who settled along the coast of Canaan about the same time that the Israelites were entering the land from the east.


First Line:
Phillips, Wendell (1811-1884), an orator and reformer, became famous as a supporter of abolition.


First Line:
Philodendron, is the name of many species and varieties of vinelike house plants grown for their beautiful foliage.


First Line:
Philosophes, were a group of French philosophers during the Age of Reason, a historical period that extended from the late 1600's to the late 1700's.


First Line:
Philosophy is a study that seeks to understand the mysteries of existence and reality.


First Line:
Phlebitis, is an inflammation of a vein.


First Line:
Phlox, is the name of a group of garden plants with brilliantly colored blossoms.


First Line:
Phobia, is a persistent, strong fear of a certain object or situation.


First Line:
Phoebe, is the name of several species of small birds.


First Line:
Phoenicia, was the name the ancient Greeks gave to the region which is now roughly the coastal areas of Syria, Lebanon, and Israel.


First Line:
Phoenix, is the capital and largest city of Arizona.


First Line:
Phoenix, was a fabled bird in Greek mythology.


First Line:
Phonetics, is the science of speech sounds and the symbols by which they are shown in writing and printing.


First Line:
Phonics, is the association of letters or combinations of letters with their appropriate speech sounds.


First Line:
Phonograph is a device that reproduces sounds that have been recorded on audio records.


First Line:
Phosphate, is any chemical compound that contains the phosphate group.


First Line:
Phosphorescence, is the light certain substances give off when they absorb energy.


First Line:
Phosphoric acid, is the most common acid of phosphorus.


First Line:
Phosphorus, is a nonmetallic chemical element.


First Line:
Phosphorus cycle, is the circulation of phosphorus among the rocks, soil, water, and plants and animals of the earth.


First Line:
Photius, (A.D. 820?-891?), a noted Byzantine scholar and clergyman, became patriarch of Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey) in 858.


First Line:
Photochemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical reactions that result when the molecules of a substance absorb light.


First Line:
Photocomposition, also called photoimagesetting, is any of several methods of assembling types and illustrations on photographic paper or film, or on a printing plate.


First Line:
Photoengraving and photolithography are processes that use photographic film positives or negatives to make printing plates and cylinders.


First Line:
Photogrammetry, is the art or science of making surveys or maps with the help of photographs.


First Line:
Photography is the process of making pictures by means of the action of light.


First Line:
Photomultiplier tube is an extremely sensitive electric eye vacuum tube.


First Line:
Photon, is the elementary particle that makes up light and all other forms of electromagnetic radiation.


First Line:
Photoperiodism, is the ability of plants and animals to detect the relative length of daily light and darkness in their environment.


First Line:
Photosynthesis, is a food-making process that occurs in green plants.


First Line:
Phrenology, is the practice of analyzing a person's character by examining the shape of the skull.


First Line:
Phrygia, was an ancient country between the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea, in what is now central Turkey.


First Line:
Phyfe, Duncan (1768-1854), a well-known American cabinetmaker and furniture designer, popularized the Federal style of American furniture.


First Line:
Phylloxera, is any one of a group of small insects that resemble aphids (plant lice).


First Line:
Physical change is a change of matter from one form to another without the production of any new substances.


First Line:
Physical chemistry is the study of the general rules and principles that govern the chemical properties of matter.


First Line:
Physical education is a part of the school instructional program that focuses on development through participation in various forms of bodily activity.


First Line:
Physical fitness is the ability to meet the physical demands of daily life and to resist diseases associated with inactivity.


First Line:
Physical therapy is the use of physical means, such as light, heat, cold, and exercise, to treat disease or injury.


First Line:
Physics is the science devoted to the study of matter and energy.


First Line:
Physiocrats were a group of French economists who lived during the mid-1700's.


First Line:
Physiology is the study of how living things function.


First Line:
Pi, is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.


First Line:
Piaf, Edith (1915-1963), was a French singer whose frail appearance, difficult life, and haunting singing style made her a legend in France.


First Line:
Piaget, Jean, (1896-1980), a Swiss psychologist, won fame for his studies of the thought processes of children.


First Line:
Piano is a keyboard musical instrument in which sounds are made by strings struck by small padded hammers.


First Line:
Piatigorsky, Gregor, (1903-1976), was a famous Russian-born cellist.


First Line:
Picasso, Pablo (1881-1973), was the dominant figure in the art of the 1900's.


First Line:
Piccalilli is a popular relish made from chopped and pickled cucumbers, other vegetables, and spices.


First Line:
Piccard, is the name of a Swiss family of scientists who won fame in aeronautics and oceanography.


First Line:
Piccolo is the smallest of the woodwind instruments and the highest in pitch.


First Line:
Pichincha, a twin-cratered volcano, rises 15,696 feet (4,784 meters) in the Andes Mountains in north-central Ecuador.


First Line:
Pickerel, is the name given to three small members of the pike family.


First Line:
Pickering, Timothy (1745-1829), was a leading American statesman.


First Line:
Pickett, Bill (1870?-1932), was a famous African American cowboy.


First Line:
Pickett, George Edward (1825-1875), was a Confederate general during the American Civil War (1861-1865).


First Line:
Pickett, Joseph (1848-1918), was an American folk artist.


First Line:
Pickford, Mary (1893-1979), was a star of silent motion pictures.


First Line:
Pickle is a vegetable or fruit preserved in vinegar or some other food acid.


First Line:
Picotte, Susan La Flesche (1865-1915), was the first American Indian woman to become a physician.


First Line:
Pictou, (pop. 4,022), is a port town in Nova Scotia.


First Line:
Picts, were an ancient people of northern Scotland.


First Line:
Pidgin, English is one of several bridge or minimum dialects, based on English, used in Asia and the South Seas between Westerners and Asians, and among peoples who have no common tongue.


First Line:
Piece of eight was a name for the Spanish peso, which corresponded to the American dollar (see Peso).


First Line:
Pied Piper of Hamelin, is a mythical character who was made famous by Robert Browning in a poem based on a legend.


First Line:
Piedmont, is a territorial region in northwestern Italy.


First Line:
Piedmont, Region is an area of gently rolling to hilly land lying between the Appalachian Mountains and the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the United States.


First Line:
Pierce, Franklin (1804-1869), served as president during a period of increasing bitterness between North and South that later led to the American Civil War.


First Line:
Pierce, Samuel Riley, Jr. (1922-2000), served as secretary of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) from 1981 to 1989. He became the first black to serve in President Ronald Reagan's Cabinet.


First Line:
Piero della Francesca, (1420?-1492), was an Italian Renaissance painter.


First Line:
Pierpont, Francis Harrison (1814-1899), was governor of the "Restored Government of Virginia" during the American Civil War.


First Line:
Pierpont Morgan Library is a museum and center for scholarly research in New York City.


First Line:
Pierre, (pop. 13,876), is the capital of South Dakota.


First Line:
Pietermaritzburg, (pop. 156,473; met. area pop. 211,473), is the capital and a major trading center of the province of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa.


First Line:
Piezoelectricity, is an electric phenomenon that occurs in certain nonmetallic minerals, such as quartz, Rochelle salt, and tourmaline.


First Line:
Pigeon is any of the larger members of the pigeon and dove family.


First Line:
Pigment is a finely powdered, highly colored substance used to give color to another material.


First Line:
Pigweed is the name of several species of weeds found in many regions worldwide.


First Line:
Pika, is a small, furry animal that lives in Asia, Europe, and western North America.


First Line:
Pike is the common name of a family of freshwater fish noted for their greedy appetite and fighting quality.


First Line:
Pike, James Albert (1913-1969), was a controversial American clergyman.


First Line:
Pike,  Zebulon, Montgomery (1779-1813), an American general and explorer, won fame for his discovery of Pikes Peak, a mountain in the Colorado Rockies, in 1806.


First Line:
Pikes Peak is probably the best known of the Rocky Mountain peaks in Colorado.


First Line:
Pilate, Pontius, was a Roman governor of Judea from A.D. 26 to 36, at the time of the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ.


First Line:
Pile is a column used to support buildings, bridges, and other structures.


First Line:
Pilgrims were the early English settlers of New England.


First Line:
Pillory, was an instrument once used to punish people for minor offenses.


First Line:
Pilot International is a service organization of business and professional leaders.


First Line:
Pilot whale is one of the largest members of the dolphin family.


First Line:
Pilotfish is a kind of fish found near the surface in most tropical seas and the warmer temperate seas.


First Line:
Pilsudski, Jozef, (1867-1935), a Polish patriot, led a movement to liberate Poland from Russia and helped unite his country.


First Line:
Piltdown hoax was a great deception in the study of prehistoric people.


First Line:
Pima, Indians are an agricultural people who live along the Gila and Salt rivers in southern Arizona.


First Line:
Pimento, is the popular name of a small evergreen tree of the myrtle family.


First Line:
Pimpernel, is a small annual plant that grows wild in Europe and Asia.


First Line:
Pimple is a red, raised skin blemish that usually contains pus.


First Line:
Pinchback, P. B. S. (1837-1921), was an American politician. In 1872, he became the first black to serve as governor of a state of the United States.


First Line:
Pinchot, Gifford (1865-1946), an American conservationist and politician, was one of the first government leaders to promote the scientific management of forests in the United States.


First Line:
Pinckney, Charles (1757-1824), was a South Carolina signer of the Constitution of the United States.


First Line:
Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth (1746-1825), a planter, politician, and diplomat, was a South Carolina signer of the Constitution of the United States.


First Line:
Pinckney, Elizabeth Lucas (1722-1793), a colonial planter of South Carolina, did much to promote the economic growth of South Carolina in the 1700's.


First Line:
Pinckney, Thomas (1750-1828), was an American soldier, statesman, and diplomat.


First Line:
Pinckney Treaty was an agreement ending disputes between the United States and Spain over possession of the Florida area and the mouth of the Mississippi River.


First Line:
Pindar, (522?-443 B.C.), was the greatest lyric poet of ancient Greece.


First Line:
Pindling, Sir Lynden (1930-...), was prime minister of the Bahamas from 1967 to 1992.


First Line:
Pine is any of a large group of evergreen trees that have needlelike leaves and bear cones.


First Line:
Pine siskin is a small finch that lives in North America.


First Line:
Pine-tree shilling was a silver coin minted by colonists in Boston, in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, from 1667 to 1682.


First Line:
Pineal, gland, also called pineal body, is a tiny organ in the brain of human beings and most other vertebrates (animals with a backbone).


First Line:
Pineapple is a tropical plant known for its juicy, fragrant fruit.


First Line:
Pink is a group of about 300 species of flowering plants that botanists have named Dianthus, the Greek word for Jove's flower.


First Line:
Pink bollworm is an insect that attacks cotton plants in many parts of the world.


First Line:
Pinkerton, Allan (1819-1884), an American detective, in 1850 established one of the first detective agencies in the United States.


First Line:
Pinochle, is a card game played with a special deck consisting of 48 cards.


First Line:
Pinon, also spelled pinyon, is the name of several species of small pines native to the Southwestern United States and Mexico.


First Line:
Pint is a unit of capacity in the inch-pound system of measurement customarily used in the United States.


First Line:
Pintail is a freshwater duck with a long tail.


First Line:
Pinter, Harold (1930-...), is an English playwright.


First Line:
Pinworm, also called threadworm, is a small roundworm.


First Line:
Pioneer Clubs is an organization for girls and boys from preschool age to 17 years old.


First Line:
Pioneer life in America. The story of the pioneers tells of the lives of thousands of ordinary people who pushed the frontier of the United States westward from the Appalachian Mountains to the Pacific Ocean.


First Line:
Pipe is probably the oldest of musical instruments.


First Line:
Pipe is a tube used to transport liquids and gases from one place to another.


First Line:
Pipe is a device used for smoking tobacco.


First Line:
Pipe Spring National Monument is in northwestern Arizona on the Kaibab Indian reservation.


First Line:
Pipefish gets its name from its long, slim body, which looks like a tube or pipe.


First Line:
Pipeline is a system of pipes that transports certain substances over long distances.


First Line:
Pipit, is the name of about 35 species of songbirds found in most parts of the world.


First Line:
Pippin, Horace (1888-1946), was an important African American folk painter.


First Line:
Piraeus, (pop. 179,967), is the third largest city in Greece.


First Line:
Pirandello, Luigi, (1867-1936), an Italian author, won the 1934 Nobel Prize for literature.


First Line:
Piranesi, Giovanni Battista, (1720-1778), was an Italian printmaker known for his etchings of ancient Roman architecture.


First Line:
Piranha, is a sharp-toothed fish that lives in lakes and rivers throughout most of South America.


First Line:
Pirate is a person who attacks and robs ships.


First Line:
Pirogue, is either a type of dugout canoe or a modern imitation of that kind of craft.


First Line:
Pisa, (pop. 98,928), is an old city of Italy famed for its marble bell tower (see Leaning Tower of Pisa).


First Line:
Pisano, Giovanni, (1248?-1314?), was an Italian sculptor and architect.


First Line:
Pisano, Nicola, (1210?-1278?), was an Italian sculptor, as was his son Giovanni.


First Line:
Pisistratus, (?-527 B.C.), was a popular ruler of ancient Athens.


First Line:
Pissarro, Camille, (1830-1903), was a French impressionist painter.


First Line:
Pistachio, nut sometimes called a green almond, is the small seed of the pistachio tree.


First Line:
Piston, Walter (1894-1976), was a leading American composer.


First Line:
Pit bull is a name commonly applied to any of several breeds or crossbreeds usually having some mixture of bulldog and terrier.


First Line:
Pitcairn Island is a small, isolated island in the South Pacific Ocean.


First Line:
Pitch is a black, gluelike substance that is obtained by distilling coal tar.


First Line:
Pitch is the characteristic of a sound determined by the frequency of vibration of the sound waves.


First Line:
Pitchblende is a variety of uraninite, a mineral that consists chiefly of uranium and oxygen.


First Line:
Pitcher, Molly (1754?-1832), was the fictitious name given to a woman who fought in the Battle of Monmouth in the Revolutionary War in America.


First Line:
Pitcher plant is the name of a family of green plants with pitcher-shaped leaves that form traps for insects.


First Line:
Pitohui, is the name of six species of songbirds found only in the forests of New Guinea.


First Line:
Pitt, William (1708-1778), the first Earl of Chatham, was a British statesman.


First Line:
Pitt, William, the Younger (1759-1806), was a British statesman.


First Line:
Pittsburgh is the second largest city in Pennsylvania.


First Line:
Pituitary, gland is one of the body's most important glands.


First Line:
Pius IV (1499-1565) was elected pope in 1559.


First Line:
Pius V, Saint (1504-1572), was elected pope in 1566.


First Line:
Pius VII (1742-1823) was elected pope of the Roman Catholic Church in 1800.


First Line:
Pius IX (1792-1878) was elected pope of the Roman Catholic Church in 1846.


First Line:
Pius X, Saint (1835-1914), was elected pope of the Roman Catholic Church in 1903.


First Line:
Pius XI (1857-1939) was elected pope of the Roman Catholic Church in 1922.


First Line:
Pius XII (1876-1958) was elected pope of the Roman Catholic Church in 1939.


First Line:
Pizarro, Francisco, (1478?-1541), was a Spanish conqueror.


First Line:
Placebo, is a substance that doctors sometimes use as a medicine, even though it contains no active ingredient.


First Line:
Placenta, is a disk-shaped organ that develops in pregnant women.


First Line:
Placentia, Newfoundland and Labrador (pop. 5,013), is the site of an early French settlement in North America.


First Line:
Plagiarism, is the act of presenting another person's literary, artistic, or musical work as one's own.


First Line:
Plague, is both the name of a serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and a term used to describe epidemics generally.


First Line:
Plain is a broad, nearly level stretch of land with no abrupt changes in elevation.


First Line:
Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig (1858-1947), was a German theoretical physicist who concentrated on the study of thermodynamics.


First Line:
Planet is a large, round heavenly body that orbits a star and shines with light reflected from the star.


First Line:
Planetarium is an educational device that shows the locations and movements of planets and other objects in the universe.


First Line:
Plankton is the mass of tiny organisms that drifts at or near the surface of oceans, lakes, and other bodies of water.


First Line:
Planned Parenthood Federation of America is an organization concerned mainly with voluntary family planning and reproductive health care.


First Line:
Plant. Plants grow in almost every part of the world.


First Line:
Plant quarantine laws regulate the movement both of plants and of other materials that may carry a plant disease or insect pest.


First Line:
Plantagenet, was the family name of a line of kings that ruled England from 1154 to 1399.


First Line:
Plantain, is the common name of a group of low-growing herbs, several of which are common weeds.


First Line:
Plantation is a large land area where workers usually grow a single crop.


First Line:
Plasma, in physics, is a form of matter composed of electrically charged atomic particles.


First Line:
Plaster is a mortar coating that is applied to wall surfaces and ceilings of buildings to make them more airtight and to provide a finished surface.


First Line:
Plaster of Paris is a white powder that, when mixed with water to form a paste, will turn hard in a few minutes.


First Line:
Plastic explosive is a puttylike explosive that can be molded into any shape.


First Line:
Plastic surgery is a field of medicine that specializes in the repair or reshaping of defects of the body.


First Line:
Plastics are manufactured materials that can be shaped into almost any form.


First Line:
Plate tectonics is a theory that explains the origin of most of the major features of the earth's surface.


First Line:
Plateau is a raised area of relatively flat land.


First Line:
Platform tennis is a game in which the players--usually two on each side--use paddles to hit a ball back and forth over a net.


First Line:
Plath, Sylvia (1932-1963), was an American poet and fiction writer.


First Line:
Platinum, (chemical symbol, Pt), is a precious, silver-white metal that is even more valuable than gold.


First Line:
Plato, (427?-347? B.C.), was a philosopher and educator of ancient Greece.


First Line:
Platte, River is the most important river in Nebraska and one of the largest branches of the Missouri River.


First Line:
Platypus, is one of only two mammals that reproduce by laying eggs.


First Line:
Plautus, (254?-184 B.C.), was an important Roman writer of comedy.


First Line:
Play, in recreation, is any activity performed for amusement.


First Line:
Playground is an outdoor area set aside for play.


First Line:
Plea bargaining is a practice in which the defendant in a criminal case agrees to plead guilty instead of going to trial.


First Line:
Plebeians, were commoners in the early Roman Republic.


First Line:
Plebiscite, is a vote of the people on any question.


First Line:
Plecoptera, is an order of insects that lay their eggs in water.


First Line:
Pledge of Allegiance is a solemn promise of loyalty to the United States.


First Line:
Pleistocene, Epoch was a geologic time period in the earth's history.


First Line:
Plekhanov, Georgi Valentinovich, (1856-1918), was a leading advocate and interpreter of Marxist ideas in Russia during the late 1800's and early 1900's.


First Line:
Plessy v. Ferguson was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States concerning racial segregation.


First Line:
Pleura, is a thin membrane that lines the thoracic cavity (chest cavity) and covers the lungs.


First Line:
Pleurisy, is a general term for inflammation of the pleura, a membrane that lines the inside of the chest and covers the lungs (see Pleura).


First Line:
Plexus, in anatomy, is a network of interwoven parts.


First Line:
Plimsoll, mark is a load-line marking on the side of a ship's hull.


First Line:
Pliny, the Elder (A.D. 23 or 24-79) was a Roman writer.


First Line:
Pliny, the Younger (A.D. 61 or 62-113?) was a Roman writer.


First Line:
Plotinus, (205?-270?), was the founder of a school of Greek philosophy known as Neoplatonism.


First Line:
Plovdiv, (pop. 341,058), is Bulgaria's second largest city.


First Line:
Plover, is the name of a group of shore birds found throughout the world.


First Line:
Plow is a tool that is used to prepare soil for planting.


First Line:
Plum is a popular fruit that is eaten fresh or used to make jams, jellies, and preserves.


First Line:
Plumb line, also called plummet, is a string or line with a weight attached to one end.


First Line:
Plumbago, also called leadwort, is the name of several garden plants and shrubs grown for their clusters of blue, white, or reddish-purple flowers.


First Line:
Plumbing is a system of pipes that carries water into and out of a house or other building.


First Line:
Plutarch, (A.D. 46?-A.D. 120?), a Greek biographer and essayist, became famous for his work, Parallel Lives of Illustrious Greeks and Romans.


First Line:
Pluto, is the most distant planet from the sun.


First Line:
Pluto, was the god of the dead in Roman mythology.


First Line:
Plutonium, is a radioactive metallic element.


First Line:
Plymouth, is a historic seaport on the southwest coast of England.


First Line:
Plymouth, Massachusetts (pop. 51,701), is often called America's Hometown.


First Line:
Plymouth, Colony was the second permanent English settlement in America.


First Line:
Plymouth, Company was one of two associations chartered in 1606 by King James I for English merchants and other interested people who wanted to set up trading colonies in America.


First Line:
Plymouth, Rock, a granite boulder with the date 1620 carved on it, lies near the sea at Plymouth, Mass.


First Line:
Plywood is a building material usually made of an odd number of thin layers of wood glued together.


First Line:
Pneumatic, tool is a power implement operated by compressed air.


First Line:
Pneumonia, is a general term for lung diseases involving inflammation.


First Line:
Pneumothorax, is air or gas in the space between the lungs and the chest wall.


First Line:
Po River is the largest waterway in Italy.


First Line:
Poaching is the illegal hunting of wild animals.


First Line:
Pocahontas, (1595?-1617), was the daughter of the American Indian chief, Powhatan.


First Line:
Pocatello, Idaho (pop. 51,466), is an air, highway, and rail gateway to the Pacific Northwest.


First Line:
Podgorica, (pop. 117,875), is the capital and largest city of Montenegro, one of the two republics of Yugoslavia.


First Line:
Podiatry, is the branch of medicine concerned with the examination, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases and conditions affecting the human foot, ankle, and related structures.


First Line:
Poe, Edgar Allan (1809-1849), was an American poet, short-story writer, and literary critic.


First Line:
Poet laureate, is the official poet of a state or nation.


First Line:
Poetry is a type of literature in which the sound and meaning of language are combined to create ideas and feelings.


First Line:
Pohnpei is the largest island of the eastern Caroline Islands.


First Line:
Poincare, Raymond, (1860-1934), served four times as premier of France, and was president of France from 1913 to 1920.


First Line:
Poinciana, is the name of several species of tropical flowering trees.


First Line:
Poinsettia, is a popular house plant often used as a Christmas decoration.


First Line:
Pointer is a dog used to hunt quail and other game birds.


First Line:
Poison is a substance that causes injury or illness when introduced into the body.


First Line:
Poison ivy is a kind of harmful vine or shrub in the cashew family.


First Line:
Poison oak is a plant related to poison ivy and poison sumac.


First Line:
Poisonous plant is any plant that is injurious to human beings or to animals.


First Line:
Poitier, Sidney (1927-...), is an American motion-picture actor.


First Line:
Poitiers, Battle of, was fought in 1356, near the present French town of Poitiers.


First Line:
Poker is a card game in which players make bets on the cards they hold or hope to hold.


First Line:
Pokeweed is a tall, branching perennial herb with greenish-white flowers and a red stem.


First Line:
Poland is a large nation in central Europe.


First Line:
Polar bear is a large, white bear of the North.


First Line:
Polarized light consists of light waves that have a simple, orderly arrangement.


First Line:
Pole. The earth is constantly rotating (spinning) on an imaginary line called an axis.


First Line:
Pole vault is a an event in track and field competition in which athletes use a pole to propel their body over a crossbar set at a certain height.


First Line:
Polecat is a small mammal that belongs to the weasel family.


First Line:
Police are government officers who enforce the law and maintain order.


First Line:
Police dog is the common but incorrect name for the German shepherd dog.


First Line:
Police state is any nation or other political unit in which the government allows its law enforcement agencies to maintain order through terror.


First Line:
Poliomyelitis, also called polio or pronounced infantile paralysis, is a serious infection caused by a virus.


First Line:
Polish Corridor was a narrow strip of territory taken from Germany and granted to Poland after Germany's defeat in World War I (1914-1918).


First Line:
Politburo, was the political bureau of the Central Committee that controlled the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1919 to 1991.


First Line:
Political action committee is a group set up by a labor union, corporation, or other organization to contribute money to candidates for federal and state offices in the United States.


First Line:
Political convention is a gathering at which major political parties in the United States formally nominate their candidates for President and Vice President.


First Line:
Political party is an organized group of people who control or seek to control a government.


First Line:
Political prisoner is a person who is imprisoned, detained, or in certain other ways deprived of liberty because he or she opposes the government.


First Line:
Political science is the systematic study of political life.


First Line:
Polk, James Knox (1795-1849), was president when the United States added the greatest amount of new territory to the country.


First Line:
Polk, Leonidas, (1806-1864), an Episcopal bishop, was a Confederate general in the Civil War.


First Line:
Poll tax is a tax levied equally on all the citizens of a community.


First Line:
Pollaiuolo, Antonio del (about 1432-1498), was an Italian sculptor and painter.


First Line:
Pollen consists of tiny grains that are produced in the male organs of flowering and cone-bearing plants.


First Line:
Pollock, also spelled pollack, is an important food fish that belongs to the family of fish called codfish (see Cod).


First Line:
Pollock, Jackson (1912-1956), was an American artist who had an important influence on modern painting as an important figure in the abstract expressionist movement.


First Line:
Polo is a ball game played on horseback on an outdoor or indoor field.


First Line:
Polo, Marco (1254-1324?), an Italian trader and traveler, became famous for his travels in central Asia and China.


First Line:
Polonium, is a rare, radioactive metallic element.


First Line:
Polychlorinated biphenyl, (PCB) is any of a group of synthetic compounds formed by substituting atoms of chlorine for atoms of hydrogen in a compound called biphenyl.


First Line:
Polyester is any of a certain group of widely used plastics materials.


First Line:
Polyethylene, is a major synthetic polymer, an essential ingredient of plastics.


First Line:
Polygamy, can refer either to a system in which a man is married to more than one woman at the same time, or, less commonly, in which a woman is married to more than one man at the same time.


First Line:
Polygon, is a plane figure bounded by line segments, called sides.


First Line:
Polyhedron, is a solid figure bounded by four or more flat surfaces called faces.


First Line:
Polymer, is a large molecule formed by the chemical linking of many smaller molecules into a long chain.


First Line:
Polymerization is a chemical process important in the production of plastics, artificial fibers, synthetic rubber, and paints.


First Line:
Polymorphism, is the occurrence of three or more distinct types of adults in a species.


First Line:
Polypropylene, is a strong, lightweight, and heat-resistant plastics material.


First Line:
Polystyrene is a glasslike, lightweight plastics material used in a variety of goods.


First Line:
Polytheism, is the idea that the sacred appears in many gods rather than in one God.


First Line:
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a strong, durable plastics material.


First Line:
Pomegranate, is the fruit of a plant raised in warm climates.


First Line:
Pomeranian, is the name of a breed of small dog.


First Line:
Pomo, Indians were a group of tribes in northern California.


First Line:
Pompadour, Marquise de, (1721-1764), was a mistress of King Louis XV of France who played an important part in the politics of Louis's reign.


First Line:
Pompano, is the name of a group of valuable food fishes.


First Line:
Pompeii, was an ancient city in Italy that disappeared after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in A.D. 79.


First Line:
Pompey, the Great (106-48 B.C.) was an outstanding Roman general and statesman.


First Line:
Ponce de Leon, Juan, (1460?-1521), a Spanish explorer, led the first recorded European expedition to reach what is now Florida.


First Line:
Pond is a small, quiet body of water that is usually shallow enough for sunlight to reach the bottom.


First Line:
Ponomarev, Boris Nikolaevich (1905-1995), was a leading official in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.


First Line:
Ponta Delgada (pop. 21,813) is the most important city and port of the Portuguese Azores.


First Line:
Pontiac, (1720?-1769), a chief of the Ottawa tribe, was an important American Indian leader during the 1760's.


First Line:
Pontoon bridge is a bridge supported by pontoons (flat-bottomed boats), metal cylinders, or other portable floats.


First Line:
Pony express was a mail delivery service that operated between St. Joseph, Missouri, and Sacramento, California, in 1860 and 1861.


First Line:
Poodle, is the name of a breed of smart, friendly dogs.


First Line:
Poor Richard's Almanac was an almanac written and published by Benjamin Franklin.


First Line:
Pop art is an art movement that originated in England in the 1950's but became best known in the United States during the 1960's.


First Line:
Popcorn is a type of corn that is a popular snack food in the United States.


First Line:
Pope, (?-1688?), was a Pueblo Indian leader.


First Line:
Pope is the head of the Roman Catholic Church.


First Line:
Pope, Alexander (1688-1744), was the greatest English poet of the early 1700's.


First Line:
Poplar is any one of a group of fast-growing trees that are found throughout the Northern Hemisphere.


First Line:
Popocatepetl, is a volcanic mountain that lies about 45 miles (72 kilometers) southeast of Mexico City.


First Line:
Poppy is the common name for several related groups of flowers.


First Line:
Popular music is music created as a commercial product.


First Line:
Popular sovereignty, also called squatter sovereignty, was the doctrine that the people of a territory, rather than the United States Congress, should decide whether to permit slavery in the territory before it became a state.


First Line:
Population of a country or other area is the total number of people who live in it.


First Line:
Populism was an American political movement that attained its greatest strength during the 1890's.


First Line:
Porcelain, is a type of ceramics highly valued for its beauty and strength.


First Line:
Porcupine, is an animal that has long, soft hairs and strong, stiff quills on its back, sides, and tail.


First Line:
Porcupinefish, also called spiny puffer, is a kind of fish that has sharp, protective spines covering its body.


First Line:
Pore is the tiny opening of a skin gland.


First Line:
Porgy, is a fish that lives in shallow areas of warm seas.


First Line:
Pork barrel is an American slang expression for a government treasury.


First Line:
Porosity, is the existence of many small holes or spaces in a material.


First Line:
Porphyry, (A.D. 232 to 233-305?), was one of the leaders in the Neoplatonic school of philosophy.


First Line:
Porpoise is the name of several sea mammals closely related to dolphins.


First Line:
Port is a place where ships and boats load and unload passengers and cargoes.


First Line:
Port-au-Prince, (pop. 738,342), is the capital and largest city of Haiti.


First Line:
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey is a self-supporting corporate agency of the states of New York and New Jersey.


First Line:
Port Elizabeth (pop. 303,353; met. area 825,799) is a leading seaport and industrial city in South Africa.


First Line:
Port Louis, (pop. 138,482), is the capital, largest city, and leading port of Mauritius, an island country in the Indian Ocean.


First Line:
Port Moresby, (pop. 152,100), is the capital and largest city of Papua New Guinea, a country in the South Pacific Ocean.


First Line:
Port of entry is any place established by a government to receive aliens, imports, and customs duties.


First Line:
Port-of-Spain (pop. 59,649) is the capital and trade center of Trinidad and Tobago, an island country that lies off the northeast coast of Venezuela.


First Line:
Port Said, (pop. 460,000), is an Egyptian city that lies at the junction of the Suez Canal and the Mediterranean Sea.


First Line:
Port Sudan, (pop. 206,727), is the main port of Sudan.


First Line:
Portage is the carrying of goods or boats overland between two bodies of water, or around some obstacle such as a waterfall or river rapids.


First Line:
Portal, Lord (1893-1971), Charles Frederick Algernon Portal, was commander-in-chief of the Royal Air Force's Bomber Command in 1940.


First Line:
Portage la Prairie, Manitoba (pop. 13,077), serves as the market city for the surrounding Portage Plains farming region.


First Line:
Porter, Cole (1891-1964), was an American songwriter famous for his witty lyrics and for imaginative melodies.


First Line:
Porter, David (1780-1843), was a United States naval officer who fought in the War of 1812.


First Line:
Porter, David Dixon (1813-1891), was a United States naval officer who became noted for his service during the American Civil War (1861-1865).


First Line:
Porter, Fitz-John (1822-1901), an American soldier, became the central figure in a celebrated military inquiry during the Civil War.


First Line:
Porter, Katherine Anne (1890-1980), was an American writer noted mainly for her short stories.


First Line:
Portland, Maine (pop. 64,249; met. area pop. 243,537), has one of the finest harbors on the Atlantic Coast and is closer to Europe than any other transatlantic port in the United States.


First Line:
Portland (pop. 529,121; met. area pop. 1,918,009) is Oregon's largest city and its major center of industry and trade.


First Line:
Porto, (pop. 302,467), is Portugal's second largest city.


First Line:
Porto Alegre, (pop. 1,386,828; met. area pop. 2,906,472), is the capital of the state of Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil.


First Line:
Porto-Novo, (pop. 144,000), is the official capital of Benin.


First Line:
Portobelo, (pop. 2,774), a village on the Caribbean Coast of Panama, was often attacked by English pirates of the 1600's and 1700's.


First Line:
Portsmouth, a city on the southern coast of England, is the United Kingdom's chief naval center.


First Line:
Portsmouth, (pop. 20,784), is the chief seaport on the coast of New Hampshire.


First Line:
Portsmouth, Naval Shipyard, New Hampshire, occupies over 200 acres (81 hectares) on a group of connected islands in the Piscataqua River.


First Line:
Portugal is the westernmost country of continental Europe.


First Line:
Portuguese language is the official language of Portugal, Brazil, Mozambique, and Angola.


First Line:
Portuguese man-of-war is a floating creature found in warm oceans throughout the world.


First Line:
Portuguese water dog is a breed of dog noted for its exceptional swimming ability.


First Line:
Portulaca, is the name of a group of herbs with dainty red, yellow, pink, white, or purple flowers.


First Line:
Poseidon, was the Greek god of the sea, earthquakes, and horses.


First Line:
Positivism is a variation of the philosophical theory called empiricism.


First Line:
Positron emission tomography, (PET) is a technique used to produce images of the chemical activity of the brain and other body tissues.


First Line:
Possum is a type of furry mammal that lives in the trees of Australia, New Guinea, and nearby islands.


First Line:
Post, Emily Price (1873?-1960), made a career out of good manners.


First Line:
Post, Wiley (1899-1935), a pioneer American aviator, was the first person to make a solo flight around the world.


First Line:
Post exchange is a store or shop that the United States Department of Defense operates for active-duty and retired military personnel, and their families.


First Line:
Postal Service, United States, is an independent establishment within the executive branch of the United States government.


First Line:
Postal Union, Universal (UPU) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that sets rules for the free flow of mail between countries.


First Line:
Poster is a printed sheet of paper or cardboard displayed in public.


First Line:
Postimpressionism is the name applied to several styles of painting that arose in Western Europe, especially France, in the 1880's and 1890's.


First Line:
Postmodernism is a term often applied to artistic styles that emerged in the mid-1900's.


First Line:
Post-traumatic stress disorder is a psychological illness in which people repeatedly remember, relive, or dream about a terrible experience.


First Line:
Posture is the position of a person's body while standing or sitting.


First Line:
Potash, is the commercial name for a group of salts containing the element potassium.


First Line:
Potassium, is a silvery metallic element.


First Line:
Potato is the world's most widely grown vegetable and one of the most important foods.


First Line:
Potato beetle is the name of a group of beetles that attack potato plants.


First Line:
Potawatomi Indians, belonged to the Algonquian language group of eastern forest tribes.


First Line:
Potentiometer, is a device that measures electric current, voltage, and resistance with high precision.


First Line:
Potomac River, is a beautiful and historic stream that forms the boundary between Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia.


First Line:
Potsdam (pop. 138,737) is a German city that stands on the Havel River, about 15 miles (24 kilometers) southwest of Berlin.


First Line:
Potsdam Conference was the last meeting among the leaders of Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States during World War II (1939-1945).


First Line:
Potter, Beatrix (1866-1943), was an English author and illustrator known for her charming children's stories about small animals.


First Line:
Potter's field is a free burial ground for strangers, criminals, and people too poor to pay funeral expenses.


First Line:
Pottery is a type of decorative or useful ware made of baked clay.


First Line:
Potto is a small animal that lives in western Africa.


First Line:
Poulenc, Francis, (1899-1963), was a French composer and pianist.


First Line:
Poultry are birds that are raised to provide meat and eggs for human food.


First Line:
Pound, also called pound sterling, is the monetary unit of the United Kingdom and some other countries.


First Line:
Pound is a unit of weight used primarily in the United States.


First Line:
Pound, Ezra Loomis (1885-1972), was an American poet and essayist.


First Line:
Pound, Roscoe (1870-1964), was an American educator and authority on law.


First Line:
Poundmaker (1826-1886), a Cree Indian chief, led a band of warriors against the Canadian government during the North West Rebellion in 1885 (see North West Rebellion).


First Line:
Poussin, Nicolas, (1594-1665), was the most highly respected French painter of his age.


First Line:
Poutrincourt, Jean de Biencourt de (1557-1615), Baron de St. Just, a French colonizer, helped found Acadia, a region in eastern Canada and northern Maine.


First Line:
Poverty is the lack of enough income and resources to live adequately by community standards.


First Line:
Powder horn was a container for carrying the gunpowder used in muzzleloading firearms.


First Line:
Powder metallurgy is a process that reduces metals to powdered form and presses the powder into certain somewhat restricted shapes.


First Line:
Powder River rises in the southern foothills of the Bighorn Mountains in central Wyoming.


First Line:
Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr. (1908-1972), was a political and religious leader of New York City's Harlem area. From 1945 to 1955, he and William Dawson of Chicago were the only African Americans in the United States Congress.


First Line:
Powell, Anthony (1905-2000), an English writer, became best known for his 12-volume series of novels called A Dance to the Music of Time.


First Line:
Powell, Colin Luther (1937-...), became the first African American secretary of state of the United States in 2001.


First Line:
Powell, Lewis Franklin, Jr. (1907-1998), was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1972 to 1987. President Richard M. Nixon nominated him to fill the vacancy created when Justice Hugo L. Black retired.


First Line:
Power, in physics, is the rate of doing work.


First Line:
Power, in the social sciences, is the ability of persons or groups to impose their will on others.


First Line:
Power, in arithmetic, is the product of a number multiplied by itself a specified number of times.


First Line:
Power of attorney is a legal, written document.


First Line:
Power plant is any system that generates power.


First Line:
Powers, Hiram (1805-1873), was one of the best-known American sculptors of the mid-1800's.


First Line:
Powhatan, (?-1618), was the Indian chief in the romantic story about John Smith and Pocahontas.


First Line:
Powhatan Indians, formed a small but powerful tribe of eastern North America.


First Line:
Poznan, (pop. 589,700), is a city that lies on the Warta River in west-central Poland.


First Line:
Praetor, was the chief legal officer of ancient Rome.


First Line:
Praetorian Guard, was the personal guard of the Roman emperors.


First Line:
Pragmatic sanction, was a type of decree concerning church or state matters issued by European rulers.


First Line:
Pragmatism, is a philosophy that attempts to apply the methods of science to philosophy.


First Line:
Prague, (pop. 1,215,656), is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic and an important center of culture and learning.


First Line:
Prairie is a region of flat or hilly land covered chiefly by tall grasses.


First Line:
Prairie dog is a burrowing rodent that lives in grassy regions of western North America.


First Line:
Prairie Provinces are the three Canadian provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba.


First Line:
Praseodymium, (chemical symbol, Pr), is one of the rare-earth elements.


First Line:
Pratt, E. J. (1882-1964), was a Canadian poet known for his epics of Canadian history and his narrative poems. The typical hero of his works is a group or community.


First Line:
Pravda (Truth) was the official newspaper of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union until the Communists lost control of the Soviet government in 1991.


First Line:
Praxiteles, was one of the greatest Greek sculptors of the 300's B.C.


First Line:
Prayer refers to reverent words and thoughts directed toward God, gods, goddesses, or other objects of worship.


First Line:
Predestination is the belief that God foresees and wills from all eternity that some individuals will be saved.


First Line:
Preeclampsia, is a serious condition that affects about 5 percent of pregnant women.


First Line:
Pre-emption is the act of buying something ahead of other persons, or the right to do so.


First Line:
Pregnancy, also called gestation, is the period during which a female carries a developing baby within her body.


First Line:
Prehistoric animal refers to any animal that existed more than 5,500 years ago, before human beings began recording their history in writing.


First Line:
Prehistoric people are human beings who lived before writing was invented about 5,500 years ago.


First Line:
Prejudice is an opinion formed without taking the time or care to judge fairly.


First Line:
Premature, birth occurs when a woman gives birth to a baby before the end of the normal period of pregnancy.


First Line:
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a condition that affects many women 3 to 10 days before the beginning of their menstrual period.


First Line:
Prendergast, Maurice Brazil, (1859-1924), was an American painter and illustrator.


First Line:
Preposition, in grammar, is a word that introduces a word or phrase and connects that word with the word it modifies.


First Line:
Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, was a group of seven young English artists and writers who wanted to reform England's art.


First Line:
Presbyterian, Church (U.S.A.) is the largest Presbyterian denomination in the United States. It was formed in 1983 through a union of the United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. and the Presbyterian Church in the United States.


First Line:
Presbyterians, form a large group of Protestant denominations in English-speaking countries.


First Line:
Prescott, Samuel (1751-1777?), was an American physician and patriot who completed Paul Revere's ride warning the colonists that the British were coming.


First Line:
Prescott, William (1726-1795), was an American colonel during the Revolutionary War in America (1775-1783).


First Line:
President is a title used by many heads of state and leaders of national governments.


First Line:
President of the United States is often considered the most powerful elected official in the world.


First Line:
Presidential assistant is a person who performs special duties for the President of the United States.


First Line:
Presidential libraries collect documents and other items associated with a former president of the United States.


First Line:
Presidential succession is provided for by Article II and Amendments 20 and 25 of the United States Constitution.


First Line:
Presidents' Day is an annual holiday observed in the United States to honor the nation's presidents, especially George Washington and Abraham Lincoln.


First Line:
Presley, Elvis (1935-1977), was one of the first American stars of rock music and perhaps the greatest.


First Line:
Pre-Socratic philosophy is a term for the theories developed by Greek philosophers from about 600 B.C. to 400 B.C.


First Line:
Pressure is often defined as force per unit area.


First Line:
Prester John (or Presbyter John) was a legendary Christian priest and king.


First Line:
Pretoria, (pop. 525,583), is the administrative capital of South Africa.


First Line:
Prevailing westerly is a wind that blows over the North and South middle latitudes from west to east.


First Line:
Prevert, Jacques (1900-1977), was probably the most popular French poet of the mid-1900's.


First Line:
Previn, Andre, (1929-...), is an American conductor, pianist, and composer.


First Line:
Priam, in Greek mythology, was the last king of Troy and ruler of the city during the Trojan War with Greece.


First Line:
Pribilof, Islands are four hilly islands in the Bering Sea.


First Line:
Price is the amount of money for which something can be bought or sold.


First Line:
Price, Hugh Bernard (1941-...), became president of the National Urban League in 1994.


First Line:
Price, Leontyne, (1927-...), an African American singer, ranks among the most celebrated sopranos of her time.


First Line:
Price control is a method used by a government to influence prices for the benefit of producers or consumers.


First Line:
Prickly-ash is the name of a large group of trees or shrubs found mainly in tropical regions.


First Line:
Prickly heat is a skin rash of tiny, red pimples that itch.


First Line:
Prickly pear, also called nopal or Indian fig, is a type of cactus with prickly fruits that are shaped somewhat like a pear or fig.


First Line:
Priest, in many religions, is the title of certain members of the clergy.


First Line:
Priestley, John Boynton (1894-1984), was an English novelist, playwright, and journalist who wrote his novels in the realistic tradition of the 1800's.


First Line:
Priestley, Joseph (1733-1804), an English clergyman and chemist, shares the credit for the discovery of oxygen with Carl Wilhelm Scheele of Sweden (see Oxygen).


First Line:
Primakov, Yevgeny Maksimovich, (1929-...), was prime minister of Russia in 1998 and 1999.


First Line:
Primary election is a method of selecting candidates to run for public office.


First Line:
Primate is a member of the group of mammals made up of human beings and the animals that resemble them most closely.


First Line:
Prime minister heads the executive branch of government in countries with a parliamentary system.


First Line:
Prime minister of Canada is the leader of the Canadian national government.


First Line:
Primogeniture, is a system of inheritance widely used in Europe for hundreds of years.


First Line:
Primrose is the common name of a group of plants that usually flower in the early spring.


First Line:
Primrose, William (1903-1982), a Scottish violist, became known for his outstanding performances in solo concert.


First Line:
Prince is a title of the highest rank of the nobility.


First Line:
Prince Albert (pop. 34,777), is an important center of commercial trading and of tourism in central Saskatchewan.


First Line:
Prince consort is the husband of a reigning queen.


First Line:
Prince Edward Island is the smallest but most thickly populated province of Canada.


First Line:
Prince George (pop. 75,150) is an industrial city in the Canadian province of British Columbia.


First Line:
Prince of Wales is the title given to the first male heir to the British throne.


First Line:
Prince Rupert, British Columbia (pop. 16,714), is the second largest port on Canada's west coast.


First Line:
Princeton University is a coeducational, private university located in Princeton, N.J. It is the fourth oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.


First Line:
Printer is a device used to print text and illustrations created using a computer.


First Line:
Printing is one of our most important means of mass communication.


First Line:
Prion, is a microscopic particle that causes a group of fatal brain disorders called prion diseases.


First Line:
Prism is a solid that has two parallel bases joined by three or more lateral surfaces (sides).


First Line:
Prison is an institution for confining and punishing people who have been convicted of crimes.


First Line:
Prisoner of war is a captured member of a warring country's armed forces.


First Line:
Prisons, Federal Bureau of, an agency of the United States Department of Justice, has responsibility for the custody and care of all prisoners of the federal government.


First Line:
Privacy, Right of, is the right claimed by individuals to control the disclosure of personal information about themselves.


First Line:
Private school generally refers to any school that is not controlled by government authorities and is not supported chiefly by taxes or other public funds.


First Line:
Privateer, is a privately owned armed vessel.


First Line:
Privet, is the name of a group of flowering shrubs.


First Line:
Privy, Council is an honorary council appointed by the Crown of Britain.


First Line:
Probability. When we say that one event is more probable than another, we mean it is more likely to happen.


First Line:
Probate. When people die, their wills must be probated (proved to be genuine).


First Line:
Probation is a judicial act that allows a convicted criminal to remain free in society instead of serving a sentence in prison.


First Line:
Proboscis, monkey is a large, leaf-eating monkey that lives on the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia.


First Line:
Procaine, is a drug used to block pain sensation in a specific part of the body.


First Line:
Proclamation is an executive notice issued under the authority of the head of a state or country.


First Line:
Product liability suit is a legal action brought against a business accused of placing a defective or unreasonably dangerous product on the market.


First Line:
Production is a major step in the series of economic processes that bring goods and services to people.


First Line:
Productivity refers to the ability to create goods and services by using available resources, including labor, equipment, and land and other natural resources.


First Line:
Profit is the amount of money a company has left over from the sale of its products after it has paid for all the expenses of production.


First Line:
Profit sharing. Many employers share part of their profits with their employees.


First Line:
Progeria, is an extremely rare disorder that causes premature aging in children.


First Line:
Progesterone, is a hormone produced mainly by the ovaries and the placenta in female animals during the period when they are able to bear young.


First Line:
Progression, in mathematics, is a sequence of related numbers or symbols called terms.


First Line:
Progressive Conservative Party has been one of the two major political organizations of Canada.


First Line:
Progressive education was a revolt against the traditional schools of the United States of the 1800's.


First Line:
Progressive movement was a campaign for economic, political, and social reform in the United States.


First Line:
Progressive Party is a name given to several political parties that have been organized in the United States.


First Line:
Prohibition, refers to laws that are designed to prevent the drinking of alcoholic beverages.


First Line:
Prohibition Party is a political organization of the United States.


First Line:
Projection screen is a square or rectangular device on which motion pictures or slides are shown.


First Line:
Projector is a device used to show pictures on a screen.


First Line:
Prokaryote, also called moneran pronounced muh NIHR uhn, is the name of a group of primitive one-celled organisms.


First Line:
Prokhorov, Alexander Mikhailovich, (1916-2002), was a Russian physicist.


First Line:
Prokofiev, Sergei Sergeyevich, (1891-1953), was a major Russian composer.


First Line:
Prologue, is an introduction to a play or other writing.


First Line:
Prometheus, in Greek myths, was a member of the earliest race of gods, called Titans.


First Line:
Promethium, (chemical symbol, Pm), is one of the rare-earth metals.


First Line:
Pronghorn is a horned and hoofed mammal native to North America.


First Line:
Pronoun is a part of speech used in place of a noun.


First Line:
Pronunciation means saying a word aloud.


First Line:
Proofreading means reading printed copy and marking any errors found in it.


First Line:
Propaganda is one-sided communication designed to influence people's thinking and actions.


First Line:
Propeller is a device for producing motion that has blades mounted on a power-driven shaft.


First Line:
Property, in law, means the rights people have in things.


First Line:
Property tax is a tax collected from the owners of buildings, land, and other taxable property, including business equipment and inventory.


First Line:
Prophet, in religion, is the title given to a person who claims to communicate God's will to others.


First Line:
Prophylaxis, means any treatment that protects a person from a disease.


First Line:
Proportion is a relationship of equivalence between two ratios.


First Line:
Proportional representation is a system of electing members of a legislature.


First Line:
Prose is the language of everyday speech and writing.


First Line:
Proslavery movement was an attempt by Southerners to justify and expand slavery in America between the 1830's and 1860.


First Line:
Prospecting is the process of searching for valuable deposits of minerals or fuels.


First Line:
Prostaglandin, is the name of a group of important chemical compounds.


First Line:
Prostate, cancer is an uncontrolled division of cells in the prostate gland, a walnut-sized internal organ of the male reproductive system.


First Line:
Prostate, gland is an organ of the male reproductive system.


First Line:
Prosthetics, is a branch of medicine that deals with supplying artificial parts for the body.


First Line:
Prostitution is the performance of sexual acts for payment.


First Line:
Protactinium, is a radioactive metal belonging to the actinide series of elements.


First Line:
Protea, is the name for a group of about 130 species of evergreen shrubs and small trees native to Africa.


First Line:
Protective coloration is coloring that protects a plant or animal from its enemies.


First Line:
Protein is one of the three main classes of food that provide energy to the body.


First Line:
Protestant ethic is a set of attitudes that stress the moral value of work, self-discipline, and personal responsibility.


First Line:
Protestantism is the general name for hundreds of Christian denominations and sects that differ slightly or greatly from one another.


First Line:
Protist, is the name of a group of organisms, most of which are microscopic.


First Line:
Protocol, is a document containing a record of talks carried on by diplomatic representatives.


First Line:
Proton, is a positively charged subatomic particle.


First Line:
Protoplasm, is a term that means the living matter of cells.


First Line:
Protozoan, is a one-celled organism that may have plantlike or animallike characteristics.


First Line:
Protractor is a device for measuring the size of angles or drawing angles of specified sizes.


First Line:
Proudhon, Pierre Joseph, (1809-1865), was a French socialist and reformer.


First Line:
Proust, Joseph Louis, (1754-1826), was a French chemist.


First Line:
Proust, Marcel, (1871-1922), was a French author.


First Line:
Proverb, is a brief saying that presents a truth or some bit of useful wisdom.


First Line:
Proverbs, Book of, is a book of the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament.


First Line:
Providence, (pop. 173,618), is the capital and largest city of Rhode Island.


First Line:
Province, in Roman times, was a conquered district ruled by an official from Rome.


First Line:
Provisional government is a temporary government frequently set up during or after a revolution or other disorder.


First Line:
Provo, (pop. 105,166), is one of the largest cities in Utah.


First Line:
Proxmire, William (1915-...), a Wisconsin Democrat, was a United States senator from 1957 to 1989.


First Line:
Prune is a sweet plum that has been dried.


First Line:
Pruning is the cutting away of plant parts, such as branches, shoots, buds, or roots.


First Line:
Prussia was a powerful Germanic nation in north-central Europe for hundreds of years.


First Line:
Prussian blue is a dark blue solid substance with a coppery luster.


First Line:
Prussic acid, also known as hydrocyanic acid, is called prussic acid because it was first obtained from Prussian blue (see Prussian blue).


First Line:
Prut, River is an important river in south-central Europe.


First Line:
Przewalski's, horse, also called Przhevalski's horse, is the only true wild horse that exists today.


First Line:
Psalms, Book of, is a collection of 150 poems or songs in the Old Testament, or Hebrew Bible.


First Line:
Pseudonym, is a fictitious name taken by authors and other people who wish to conceal their true identities or simply to be known by another name.


First Line:
Psi, particle, also called a J particle, is a type of subatomic particle.


First Line:
Psittacosis, is a contagious disease that is carried by some kinds of birds.


First Line:
Psoriasis, is a skin disease marked by red patches of dry, scaly skin.


First Line:
Psyche, was a princess in ancient mythology.


First Line:
Psychiatry, is the branch of medicine concerned with the treatment and prevention of mental illness.


First Line:
Psychical, research is the original name of a field of study that is now known as parapsychology.


First Line:
Psychoanalysis, is a method of treating mental illness founded by the Austrian physician Sigmund Freud.


First Line:
Psychological, warfare uses propaganda to reach certain goals.


First Line:
Psychology is the scientific study of mental processes and behavior.


First Line:
Psychosis, is a term used to describe a severe mental illness.


First Line:
Psychosomatic, medicine is the use of the methods and principles of psychology in the treatment of physical ailments.


First Line:
Psychotherapy, is any treatment of mental or emotional disorders by psychological means.


First Line:
Psyllium, is an herb grown chiefly in France, Spain, and India.


First Line:
PT boat was one of the smallest, fastest, and most maneuverable fighting ships of the United States Navy.


First Line:
Ptarmigan, is the name of a group of birds that live in northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere, such as Alaska, the Aleutian Islands, and Greenland.


First Line:
Pteridophyte, is one of a large and important group of plants that are simpler in their structures than flowering plants.


First Line:
Pterosaur, was a member of an extinct group of flying reptiles.


First Line:
Ptolemy, (A.D. 100?-165?), was one of the greatest astronomers and geographers of ancient times.


First Line:
Ptolemy, I (367?-283? B.C.) founded a family of rulers who reigned in Egypt from 323 to 30 B.C.


First Line:
Pu Yi, (1906-1967), often called Henry Pu Yi, was the last emperor of China.


First Line:
Public defender is an official paid by the state to defend people who are accused of a crime and are too poor to hire their own lawyer.


First Line:
Public domain is a legal category that covers government-owned land as well as creative works that the public may use freely.


First Line:
Public health is the general health of all members of a community.


First Line:
Public Health Service (PHS) is a division of the United States Department of Health and Human Services.


First Line:
Public lands include all the territory owned by a national government.


First Line:
Public opinion refers to the opinions or views of people in a community or country on issues of public interest or concern.


First Line:
Public opinion poll is a survey to find out the attitudes, beliefs, or opinions of a large number of people.


First Line:
Public relations, often called PR, is an activity that uses communication to increase understanding between an organization or individual and one or more groups called publics.


First Line:
Public revenue is funds raised through taxation to pay the expenses of government.


First Line:
Public speaking is the art or practice of making a speech before an audience.


First Line:
Public utility is a company that provides an essential service to the public.


First Line:
Publishing is the process of preparing, manufacturing, and distributing books, magazines, newspapers, or other materials in printed or electronic form.


First Line:
Puccini, Giacomo, (1858-1924), was an Italian opera composer.


First Line:
Puck, or Robin Goodfellow, a mischievous spirit or elf in English folklore, tormented people, usually in fun.


First Line:
Pudding stone is a common term for a type of conglomerate stone consisting of rounded pebbles embedded in a fine-grained matrix (cementing material).


First Line:
Puebla, is a state in east-central Mexico between Mexico City and the Gulf of Mexico.


First Line:
Puebla, (pop. 1,346,176), is one of the largest cities in Mexico.


First Line:
Pueblo, (pop. 102,121; met. area pop. 141,472), is one of the largest cities in Colorado.


First Line:
Pueblo, Indians are a people who live in villages in New Mexico and Arizona.


First Line:
Puerto Rico, is a beautiful, fertile island about 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometers) southeast of Florida.


First Line:
Puffball is the name of a group of fungi that produce ball- or pear-shaped fruit with completely enclosed spores.


First Line:
Puffer is a type of fish that can inflate its body like a balloon.


First Line:
Puffin, also called sea parrot, is an odd-looking bird that lives in the Arctic waters of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.


First Line:
Pug is a small dog with a short nose and a tail that curls tightly over its back.


First Line:
Puget, Peter (1762?-1822), a British naval officer and explorer, played an important part in the exploration of the north Pacific Coast of North America.


First Line:
Puget, Sound is a large, irregular inlet in the northwest corner of the state of Washington.


First Line:
Pulaski, Casimir, (1747?-1779), a Polish nobleman and soldier, won fame for his role with the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War in America (1775-1783).


First Line:
Puli, is a medium-sized sheepdog originally bred in Hungary.


First Line:
Pulitzer, Joseph (1847-1911), was a Hungarian immigrant who became one of the greatest American newspaper publishers in history.


First Line:
Pulitzer, Prizes are awards given in the United States each year for distinguished achievement in journalism, literature, drama, and music.


First Line:
Pulley is a wheel over which a rope or belt is passed for the purpose of transmitting energy and doing work.


First Line:
Pullman, George Mortimer (1831-1897), was an American businessman.


First Line:
Pullman Strike, also called the Chicago Strike, was a violent labor dispute that took place in 1894.


First Line:
Pulsar, is an object in space from which regular bursts of electromagnetic radiation are received on the earth.


First Line:
Pulse is caused by a stretching of the arteries that takes place after each heartbeat.


First Line:
Pumice, is a grayish-white natural glass with many tiny holes.


First Line:
Pump is a device that moves liquids and gases.


First Line:
Pumpkin is a vegetable related to squash.


First Line:
Pun is a humorous use of words that sound alike or nearly alike but have different meanings.


First Line:
Punch and Judy are the main characters in a type of comic puppet show popular in England.


First Line:
Punctuation is the use of certain marks in writing and printing to make the writer's meaning clear.


First Line:
Punic  Wars, were three struggles between ancient Rome and Carthage.


First Line:
Punjab, is a region that lies in northwestern India and in Pakistan.


First Line:
Pupa, is the relatively inactive stage in the metamorphosis (development) of most insects.


First Line:
Pupfish is any of about 30 species of small fish that live mainly in springs and streams in the southwestern United States and Mexico.


First Line:
Pupin, Michael Idvorsky, (1858-1935), was a Serbian-American electrical engineer, educator, and inventor.


First Line:
Puppet is an artificial figure whose movements are controlled by a person.


First Line:
Purcell, Edward Mills (1912-1997), an American physicist, shared the 1952 Nobel Prize for physics.


First Line:
Purcell, Henry (1659?-1695), was an English composer during the baroque period.


First Line:
Purdue University is a publicly controlled coeducational land-grant school.


First Line:
Pure food and drug laws establish health and safety standards for foods, drugs, medical devices, and cosmetics.


First Line:
Purgatory, is a state, according to Roman Catholic tradition, in which people who have died atone for their sins before being admitted to the vision of God in heaven.


First Line:
Purim, is a joyous Jewish festival celebrated in February or March, on the 14th day of the Hebrew month of Adar.


First Line:
Puritans, were members of a religious and social movement of the 1500's and 1600's.


First Line:
Pusan, (pop. 3,798,113), is the second largest city and the major port in South Korea.


First Line:
Pushkin, Alexander (1799-1837), is considered Russia's greatest poet and, by many, the greatest Russian writer of any kind.


First Line:
Pussy willow is a shrub or small tree of the willow family.


First Line:
Putnam, Herbert (1861-1955), an American librarian, served as librarian of Congress longer than any other person who ever held the position.


First Line:
Putnam, Israel (1718-1790), an American patriot, was a general in the Revolutionary War in America (1775-1783).


First Line:
Putnam, Rufus (1738-1824), an American general in the Revolutionary War in America (1775-1783), became known as the founder and father of Ohio.


First Line:
Putty is a filler material that is soft when applied but slowly hardens.


First Line:
Pygmalion, was a sculptor and king of Cyprus in Greek legend.


First Line:
Pyle, Ernie (1900-1945), an American newspaperman, won a Pulitzer Prize in 1944 for his reporting.


First Line:
Pyle, Howard (1853-1911), an American painter, became one of the most influential illustrators of his time.


First Line:
Pym, John (1584-1643), an English leader in Parliament, opposed the attempts of King Charles I to rule England as an absolute monarch.


First Line:
Pyongyang, (pop. 2,639,448), is the capital and largest city of North Korea.


First Line:
Pyramid, in geometry, is a solid figure with triangular faces that meet at a common point.


First Line:
Pyramids are large structures with square bases and four smooth, triangular-shaped sides that come to a point at the top.


First Line:
Pyramus and Thisbe, are young lovers in an ancient legend.


First Line:
Pyrenees, is a mountain chain that forms a natural barrier between France and Spain.


First Line:
Pyrethrum, is the name of a group of flowers.


First Line:
Pyrite, or "fool's gold," as it is sometimes called, is a compound of iron and sulfur.


First Line:
Pyromania, refers to an uncontrollable urge to set fires.


First Line:
Pyrotechnics, is a term used to mean fireworks, or the art of making fireworks.


First Line:
Pyroxene, is any of a group of minerals that play an important part in the formation of many kinds of rocks.


First Line:
Pyrrho of Elis, (361?-270? B.C.), was the founder of Skepticism.


First Line:
Pyrrhus, (318?-272 B.C.), was a king of Epirus in Greece.


First Line:
Pythagoras, (580?-? B.C.), was a Greek philosopher and mathematician.


First Line:
Pythagorean theorem, in geometry, states that in a right triangle the square of the length of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the lengths of the other two sides.


First Line:
Pytheas, was a Greek explorer who lived in the late 300's B.C.


First Line:
Python, is a large snake that lives in southeastern Asia, India, the East Indies, Africa, and Australia.


First Line:
Qadhafi, Muammar Muhammad al-, (1942-...), took over the leadership of Libya's government in 1969.


First Line:
Qatar, is a small Arab country in southwestern Asia.


First Line:
Qin, dynasty, also spelled Ch'in, was a Chinese dynasty (family of rulers) that governed from 221 B.C. to 206 B.C.


First Line:
Quadrilateral, is the name given to a plane figure with four straight sides--that is, a four-sided polygon.


First Line:
Quail is a type of small bird that belongs to the same family as pheasants and partridges, grouse, turkeys, and guineafowl.


First Line:
Quakers is the popular name for members of the Religious Society of Friends.


First Line:
Quanah, (1845-1911), was a chief of the Comanche Indians.


First Line:
Quantico, Marine Corps Combat Development Command, in Quantico, Va., is the principal center for training officers of the United States Marine Corps.


First Line:
Quantrill, William Clarke (1837-1865), was the leader of a Confederate guerrilla band during the Civil War (1861-1865).


First Line:
Quantum, mechanics is a branch of physics that describes the structure and behavior of matter.


First Line:
Quarantine occurs when people, animals, or plants are isolated or their movements restricted to prevent the spread of infection.


First Line:
Quark, is one of the three families of particles that serve as "building blocks" of matter.


First Line:
Quarles, Benjamin Arthur (1904-1996), was an American historian.


First Line:
Quarrying, is a method of mining a deposit that lies at the surface of the earth.


First Line:
Quart is a unit of volume and capacity for both dry and liquid substances in the inch-pound system of measurement.


First Line:
Quarter is a United States coin worth 25 cents, or a quarter of a dollar.


First Line:
Quartz, is a common mineral that occurs in many types of rocks.


First Line:
Quartzite, is a rock composed chiefly of the mineral quartz.


First Line:
Quasar, is an extremely luminous object at the center of some distant galaxies.


First Line:
Quasicrystal is a solid composed of atoms arranged in an orderly pattern that differs from the pattern in a crystal.


First Line:
Quasimodo, Salvatore, (1901-1968), an Italian poet, won the 1959 Nobel Prize for literature.


First Line:
Quayle, Dan (1947-...), served as vice president of the United States from 1989 to 1993, during the term of President George H. W. Bush.


First Line:
Quebec, is the largest province of Canada.


First Line:
Quebec, is the capital of the province of Quebec and the oldest city in Canada.


First Line:
Quebec, Battle of, settled the fate of the French empire in America.


First Line:
Quebec, University of, or Universite du Quebec, is Canada's largest university.


First Line:
Quebec, Act was a group of laws passed by the United Kingdom in 1774.


First Line:
Quebec, Conference was a meeting at which Canadian leaders completed plans for forming a united Canada.


First Line:
Quebracho, is a type of South American tree that grows mainly in Argentina and Paraguay.


First Line:
Quechan, Indians, also called the Yuma Indians, live along the Colorado River in southeastern California and southwestern Arizona.


First Line:
Queen is the title of a woman who rules a kingdom in her own right, or who is the wife of a king.


First Line:
Queen, Ellery, was the pen name of two cousins, Frederic Dannay (1905-1982) and Manfred B. Lee (1905-1971), who became successful detective-story writers.


First Line:
Queen Charlotte Islands is a group of about 150 islands in the North Pacific Ocean.


First Line:
Queens is the largest of New York City's five boroughs (districts) in area.


First Line:
Queen's University at Kingston is a coeducational university in Kingston, Canada.


First Line:
Queensberry, Marquess of (1844-1900), a British sportsman, sponsored the boxing code that bears his name (see Queensberry Rules).


First Line:
Queensberry Rules are a set of rules for boxing matches.


First Line:
Queensland is the second largest state in Australia.


First Line:
Quemoy, is the name of a group of islands about 5 miles (8 kilometers) off the coast of China, in the Taiwan Strait.


First Line:
Queretaro, is a mountainous state in central Mexico.


First Line:
Quesnay, Francois, (1694-1774), was a French economist who made some of the earliest contributions to the development of economics.


First Line:
Quetzal, is a brilliantly colored bird of the trogon family.


First Line:
Quevedo, Francisco de (1580-1645), was the leading Spanish humanist of the 1600's.


First Line:
Quezon, City (pop. 2,173,831) is a beautiful city in the Philippines.


First Line:
Quicksand is a deep mass of extremely fine sand.


First Line:
Quince, is a type of attractive shrub or small tree that is closely related to apple and pear trees.


First Line:
Quinine, is a drug made from the bark of the cinchona tree.


First Line:
Quinoa, is a grain plant native to the Andes Mountains of South America.


First Line:
Quinolone, is any of a group of synthetic drugs used to treat a variety of bacterial infections.


First Line:
Quintilian, (A.D. 35?-95?), was a Roman teacher of oratory.


First Line:
Quintuplets, are five babies born to the same mother at one time.


First Line:
Quirinal, Hill is the northernmost of the famous seven hills of Rome.


First Line:
Quisling, Vidkun Abraham Lauritz (1887-1945), was a Norwegian traitor of World War II (1939-1945).


First Line:
Quito, (pop. 1,281,849), is the capital and second largest city of the Republic of Ecuador.


First Line:
Quoits, is a game in which players toss a metal ring, called a quoit, at a peg, called a mott.


First Line:
Quoll is a small, spotted mammal that lives in the forests of New Guinea and Australia, including Tasmania.


First Line:
Quonset, hut is a corrugated steel building made in the shape of a half cylinder.


First Line:
Quota International is a service organization of executives and professionals who work to help people with hearing and speech disabilities.


First Line:
Quran, is the sacred book of the Muslims.


First Line:
RX is a symbol used on prescriptions written by doctors.


First Line:
Rabat, (pop. 623,457), is the capital of Morocco.


First Line:
Rabbi, is the title given to an ordained Jewish minister.


First Line:
Rabbit is a furry animal with long ears and a short, fluffy tail.


First Line:
Rabelais, Francois, (1494?-1553?), a French humanist, wrote the comic narrative Gargantua and Pantagruel.


First Line:
Rabies, is an infectious disease that destroys the nerve cells of part of the brain and almost always causes death.


First Line:
Rabin, Yitzhak, (1922-1995), was prime minister of Israel from 1974 to 1977 and from 1992 until his death.


First Line:
Raccoon is a furry animal that has a bushy, ringed tail and a band of black hair around its eyes.


First Line:
Racer is the name of a group of harmless, fast-moving snakes of the United States.


First Line:
Races, Human. All human beings are descended from people who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago.


First Line:
Rachel, in the Old Testament, was the favorite wife of Jacob.


First Line:
Rachmaninoff, Sergei Vassilievich, (1873-1943), was a Russian composer and conductor and one of the greatest pianists in history.


First Line:
Racine, Jean (1639-1699), ranks among the greatest French playwrights.


First Line:
Racism is the belief that human beings can be divided into races and that members of some races are inferior to members of other races.


First Line:
Racketeering is any of several types of illegal activities usually associated with organized crime groups, such as the Mafia.


First Line:
Rackham, Arthur (1867-1939), an English artist, won wide recognition for his illustrations for children's books.


First Line:
Racquetball is a fast, exciting game in which the players hit a ball with a short racket (or racquet) that resembles a small tennis racket.


First Line:
Radar is an electronic instrument used to detect and locate moving or fixed objects.


First Line:
Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. (1881-1955), a British anthropologist, helped develop present-day American and British anthropological theories. Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown was born in England and graduated from Cambridge University.


First Line:
Radcliffe College was a private liberal arts college for women in Cambridge, Massachusetts.


First Line:
Radford, Arthur William (1896-1973), an admiral in the United States Navy, served from 1953 to 1957 as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.


First Line:
Radian is a metric unit used to measure angles.


First Line:
Radiation is energy given off in the form of waves or small particles of matter.


First Line:
Radiation sickness is the term for a variety of symptoms that follow a person's exposure to damaging amounts of certain types of radiation.


First Line:
Radiator is a set of pipes or tubes that gives off heat to its surroundings.


First Line:
Radical, in chemistry, is a group of two or more charged or neutral atoms that have at least one unpaired electron.


First Line:
Radicalism is a political philosophy that emphasizes the need to find and eliminate the basic injustices of society.


First Line:
Radio is one of our most important means of communication.


First Line:
Radio, Amateur, is a popular hobby in which an individual operates his or her own radio station.


First Line:
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a nonprofit corporation made up of two radio networks that broadcast to countries in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.


First Line:
Radiocarbon, or Carbon 14, is a radioactive isotope of carbon.


First Line:
Radiochemistry is a field of chemistry that involves the study of radioactive elements.


First Line:
Radiogeology is the science that deals with the relation of radioactivity to geology.


First Line:
Radiology, is the field of medicine that uses X rays and other means to create images of structures and processes inside the body.


First Line:
Radiosonde, is an instrument meteorologists use to take soundings (measurements) of the upper air.


First Line:
Radish is a plant grown for its fleshy root.


First Line:
Radisson, Pierre Esprit, (1640?-1710?), was a French explorer and fur trader.


First Line:
Radium, is a highly radioactive, metallic element.


First Line:
Radon, is a radioactive chemical element that occurs naturally as a gas.


First Line:
Raeburn, Sir Henry (1756-1823), was the leading Scottish portrait painter of his day.


First Line:
Raffia, is a fiber made from the leafstalks of certain varieties of palm trees.


First Line:
Rafflesia, is the name of a small genus of plants which have huge flowers but no leaves or stems.


First Line:
Rafsanjani, Ali Akbar Hashemi, (1934-...), served as president of Iran from 1989 to 1997.


First Line:
Raft is one of the simplest kinds of watercraft.


First Line:
Rafting is an outdoor recreational activity in which small groups of people float down a river on rafts.


First Line:
Ragtime is a type of rhythmic music that was highly popular in the United States around 1895 to 1915.


First Line:
Ragweed is the name of several weeds that grow in the United States and Canada.


First Line:
Raikes, Robert (1735-1811), an English publisher, first developed Sunday schools on an extensive scale.


First Line:
Rail is the common name of a family of marsh birds that live throughout most of the world.


First Line:
Railroad is one of the most important means of transportation.


First Line:
Railroad, Model, is a small railroad that copies the appearance and operation of a full-sized railroad.


First Line:
Railroad Retirement Board (RRB) is a United States government agency that administers a retirement pension system for retired railroad employees, their spouses, and their survivors.


First Line:
Railway is the term used in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries for a railroad.


First Line:
Railway brotherhoods were unions of railroad workers in the United States and Canada.


First Line:
Railway Labor Act is a U.S. federal law that deals with labor disputes between railroad and airline companies and their employees.


First Line:
Rain is precipitation that consists of drops of water.


First Line:
Rain dance is a ceremony performed by American Indians of the southwestern United States to ask spirits to send rain for their crops.


First Line:
Rain forest is a woodland of tall trees growing in a region of year-round warmth and abundant rainfall.


First Line:
Rain gauge is an instrument used to measure the amount of rain that falls in a certain place during a specific period of time.


First Line:
Rain tree, also called cenizero, is a shade tree that grows in tropical climates.


First Line:
Rainbow is a circular arc of colors that appears in the sky when raindrops are illuminated by sunlight.


First Line:
Rainbow Bridge National Monument, in southern Utah, has one of the world's best-known natural bridges.


First Line:
Rainbow for Girls is an international organization for girls from the ages of 11 through 19.


First Line:
Rainier, III (1923-...) became prince of Monaco in 1949.


First Line:
Rainmaking, also called cloud seeding, is a process that makes rain fall from a cloud.


First Line:
Rainy Lake lies on the boundary between Ontario and Minnesota, about 125 miles (201 kilometers) north of Duluth, Minn.


First Line:
Raisa, Rosa (1893-1963), a dramatic soprano, was especially popular for many years with audiences in Italy and Chicago.


First Line:
Rajah, is a title taken from the Sanskrit word rajan, which means king.


First Line:
Rake is a machine used to gather mowed hay and place it in long piles called windrows.


First Line:
Raleigh, (pop. 276,093), is the capital of North Carolina and a center of education, research, and trade.


First Line:
Raleigh, Sir Walter (1552?-1618), is one of the most colorful figures in English history.


First Line:
Ramadan, is an Islamic holy month when Muslims may not eat or drink from morning until night.


First Line:
Raman, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata, (1888-1970), an Indian physicist, discovered that when a beam of light passes through a liquid or a gas, it is scattered and the frequency of some of the scattered light is changed.


First Line:
Ramapithecus, was a kind of ape that lived from about 14 million to 8 million years ago.


First Line:
Ramayana, is one of the two great epic poems of India.


First Line:
Rameau, Jean-Philippe, (1683-1764), was a French composer and musical theorist of the baroque period.


First Line:
Ramie, is a perennial plant grown chiefly for its fiber.


First Line:
Ramp, or wild leek, is a wild onion that grows in moist woodland areas in the eastern United States.


First Line:
Rampolla, Mariano Cardinal, (1843-1913), Marchese del Tindaro, became a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and papal secretary of state in 1887.


First Line:
Ramsay, Sir William (1852-1916), was a Scottish chemist who, with English physicist Lord Rayleigh, isolated the rare atmospheric gas, argon.


First Line:
Ramses, II was a famous Egyptian pharaoh (king) who reigned from about 1290 to 1224 B.C.


First Line:
Ranching usually means raising cattle and sheep on large farms.


First Line:
Rand, Ayn, (1905-1982), was an American author and social critic.


First Line:
Rand Corporation is a nonprofit research organization that studies policy problems of the United States, especially those involving national defense.


First Line:
Randolph, A. Philip (1889-1979), played a leading role in the struggle for black rights from the 1920's through the 1960's. He also became an important figure in the American labor movement.


First Line:
Randolph, Edmund (1753-1813), a Virginia statesman, presented the famous Virginia Plan to the Constitutional Convention in 1787.


First Line:
Randolph, Edward (1632?-1703), was a British agent in colonial New England.


First Line:
Randolph, John (1773-1833), was a Virginia politician noted more for his colorful personality than for his achievements.


First Line:
Randolph, Peyton (1721?-1775), was an American lawyer who served as president of both the First and the Second Continental Congresses in 1774 and 1775.


First Line:
Range is an appliance that provides heat for cooking.


First Line:
Range finder is a device for measuring distances.


First Line:
Rangers are specialized U.S. Army infantry units.


First Line:
Ranjit Singh, (1780-1839), known as the Lion of the Punjab, was one of the most important figures in the history of India.


First Line:
Rank, Military, indicates a person's authority and standing.


First Line:
Ranke, Leopold von, (1795-1886), a German historian, persuaded historians to use critical methods and examine history scientifically.


First Line:
Rankin, Jeannette (1880-1973), was the first woman to be elected to the United States Congress.


First Line:
Ransom, John Crowe (1888-1974), was an American poet, critic, and editor.


First Line:
Ransome, Arthur (1884-1967), was a British author and journalist.


First Line:
Rao, P. V. Narasimha, (1921-...), a Congress-I Party politician, was prime minister of India from 1991 to 1996. As prime minister, he introduced economic reforms designed to encourage foreign investment and to increase economic development.


First Line:
Rap music is a form of popular music that is generally spoken or chanted at a fast pace rather than sung.


First Line:
Rape is the crime of forcing sexual intercourse upon a person against the person's will.


First Line:
Rape is a flowering herb of the mustard family.


First Line:
Raphael, (1483-1520), was one of the greatest and most influential painters of the Italian Renaissance.


First Line:
Rapid City (pop. 59,607; met. area pop. 88,565) is the second largest city in South Dakota.


First Line:
Rappahannock, River is a waterway in Virginia.


First Line:
Rare earth is any one of a group of metallic elements with atomic numbers 58 through 71.


First Line:
Raskin, Ellen (1928-1984), was an American author and illustrator.


First Line:
Raspberry is a thorny bush that produces small, round, tasty fruit.


First Line:
Rasputin, Grigori Efimovich, (1869-1916), was a Siberian peasant, healer, and holy man.


First Line:
Rastafarians are members of a religious and political movement that began on the Caribbean island of Jamaica in the late 1920's.


First Line:
Rat is a furry mammal that looks like a mouse but is larger.


First Line:
Ratchet, is a wheel or bar that can move in only one direction.


First Line:
Ratel, is a badgerlike animal that lives in Saudi Arabia, India, Nepal, and much of Africa.


First Line:
Ratio, is an ordered pair or set that represents a relationship between numbers or quantities.


First Line:
Rational, number is any number that can be expressed in the form a/b, where a is any integer and b is any integer except zero.


First Line:
Rationalism, is an outlook that emphasizes human reason and its ability to answer basic questions.


First Line:
Rationing, is a system used by a government to distribute scarce products among the people of a country.


First Line:
Rats of Tobruk were the Allied soldiers of World War II (1939-1945) who withstood a siege of eight months during the 1941 North Africa campaign.


First Line:
Rattlesnake is any one of the poisonous snakes of the Western Hemisphere with a rattle on the end of the tail.


First Line:
Rattner, Abraham (1895-1978), was an American painter who is best known for his religious works.


First Line:
Rauschenberg, Robert (1925-...), is an American artist famous for experimenting with a variety of materials, techniques, and styles.


First Line:
Ravel, Maurice, (1875-1937), was a French composer.


First Line:
Raven is a type of large all-black bird that belongs to the crow family.


First Line:
Ravenna, (pop. 135,844), is a city in northern Italy, famous for its art treasures and architecture.


First Line:
Rawlings, Jerry John (1947-...), was the head of Ghana for all but two years from 1979 to 2001.


First Line:
Rawlings, Marjorie Kinnan (1896-1953), was an American novelist who wrote about the conflict between people and nature in the Florida backwoods.


First Line:
Ray is any of a group of more than 400 species of fishes.


First Line:
Ray, Dixy Lee (1914-1994), was governor of the state of Washington from 1977 to 1981.


First Line:
Ray, Man (1890-1976), was an American painter, sculptor, photographer, and filmmaker.


First Line:
Rayburn, Sam (1882-1961), a Democrat, served longer as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives than any other person.


First Line:
Raymond, Henry Jarvis (1820-1869), brought political independence and moderation to American journalism through the newspaper he and two associates founded, The New York Times.


First Line:
Rayon is a manufactured fiber produced from wood or cotton.


First Line:
Razor is a cutting instrument used to remove hair from the skin.


First Line:
RDX is a powerful explosive also known as cyclonite and hexogen.


First Line:
Re, also known as Ra, (rah), was the sun god in Egyptian mythology.


First Line:
Read, George (1733-1798), a lawyer and statesman from Delaware, was one of six people who signed both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States.


First Line:
Reading, (pop. 81,207; met. area pop. 373,638), is a city on the Schuylkill River in southeastern Pennsylvania.


First Line:
Reading is the act of getting meaning from printed or written words.


First Line:
Reagan, Ronald Wilson (1911-...), was elected president of the United States in 1980 and won a second term in 1984.


First Line:
Real estate is land and all the things permanently attached to it, such as trees, buildings, and minerals beneath the surface.


First Line:
Realism, in the arts, is the attempt to portray life as it is.


First Line:
Reaney, James (1926-...), is a Canadian poet and playwright.


First Line:
Reaper is a machine that farmers once used to harvest grain.


First Line:
Reason usually has three different meanings. (1) It can signify the mind, or an agency used in thinking.


First Line:
Rebate, in mercantile law, is a discount, or reduction of the amount to be paid.


First Line:
Rebellions of 1837 were revolts against British rule in the North American colonies of Upper Canada and Lower Canada.


First Line:
Rebus, is a word game in which the placement or size of letters, numbers, or words indicates names, phrases, or other words.


First Line:
Recall enables voters to remove a person from office before a term is completed, and to elect a new public official.


First Line:
Receipt is a written statement showing that one person has paid money to another.


First Line:
Receiver is an individual, a bank, or a trust company appointed by a court to hold, manage, or dispose of property.


First Line:
Recession is a decline in overall business activity.


First Line:
Recife, (pop. 1,375,404; met. area pop. 2,814,795), in northeastern Brazil, is the capital of the state of Pernambuco.


First Line:
Reciprocal, trade agreement is a pact between two or more nations to lower tariffs or other trade barriers on certain goods or services.


First Line:
Reclamation, Bureau of, is a United States government agency that works to manage and protect water resources in the Western States.


First Line:
Reconstruction was the period in United States history that followed the Civil War.


First Line:
Recorder is a type of flute that has a whistle mouthpiece.


First Line:
Recording industry is the group of businesses involved in the production and sale of such sound recordings as compact discs (CD's) and cassette tapes.


First Line:
Recreation is an activity that people voluntarily pursue for personal enjoyment or satisfaction, usually during their free time.


First Line:
Recreational vehicle (RV) provides temporary living quarters for year-round travel, camping, or recreation.


First Line:
Recycling is a process designed to collect, process, remanufacture, and reuse materials instead of throwing them away.


First Line:
Red Cloud (1822-1909) was one of the greatest warriors and chiefs of the Oglala, a band of the Teton Sioux Indians.


First Line:
Red Cross is a worldwide organization whose members work to relieve human suffering.


First Line:
Red deer is the common name for a species of deer that lives in forests of Europe, Asia, and northern Africa.


First Line:
Red Jacket (1750?-1830) was a Seneca Indian leader and noted orator.


First Line:
Red River, so named because of the red-colored sediment it carries, forms much of the boundary between Oklahoma and Texas.


First Line:
Red River of the North is a major waterway of the United States and Canada.


First Line:
Red River Rebellion occurred in 1869 and 1870, when settlers of the Red River Valley of what is now Manitoba resisted steps to put the valley under Canadian government control.


First Line:
Red Sea is a long, narrow arm of the Indian Ocean that separates the Arabian Peninsula from northeastern Africa.


First Line:
Red tape is an unfavorable term used to describe the inefficiency of any large bureaucracy, public or private.


First Line:
Red tide is a term used for brownish or reddish areas of ocean, river, or lake water.


First Line:
Redbird is the common name for all birds with red or mostly red plumage.


First Line:
Redbud is the name for a group of trees and shrubs native to Asia, North America, and southern Europe.


First Line:
Redfish is a name applied to several kinds of fish, but particularly to the red drum, also called channel bass.


First Line:
Redford, Robert (1937-...), is an American motion-picture actor and director.


First Line:
Redpoll is the name of two species of small songbirds found in North America, Asia, and Europe.


First Line:
Redstart is the name of several species of small woodland birds.


First Line:
Redstone Arsenal, near Huntsville, Alabama, serves as headquarters of the United States Army Aviation and Missile Command.


First Line:
Reduction is a chemical reaction in which a substance gains electrons.


First Line:
Redwood is a magnificent forest tree that grows along the West Coast of the United States from central California to southern Oregon.


First Line:
Redwood National Park, in northern California, is in the huge forest of redwood trees that grows along the Pacific Coast from central California to southern Oregon.


First Line:
Reed is a common name for many kinds of tall, slender grass plants.


First Line:
Reed, John (1887-1920), was an American journalist and revolutionist.


First Line:
Reed, Thomas Brackett (1839-1902), served as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1889 to 1891 and from 1895 to 1899.


First Line:
Reed, Walter (1851-1902), a medical officer in the United States Army, helped show how to control typhoid fever and yellow fever.


First Line:
Reflection is the return of a wave of energy, such as light, heat, sound, or radio, after it strikes a surface.


First Line:
Reflex action. If you accidentally touch a hot stove, you jerk away before you have time to think what you are doing.


First Line:
Reform Party was a conservative political party in Canada.


First Line:
Reformation was a religious movement of the 1500's that led to Protestantism.


First Line:
Reformatory is a correctional institution for lawbreakers over the age of 18 who do not need maximum security.


First Line:
Reformed Church in America is incorporated as The General Synod of the Reformed Church in America, a Protestant organization.


First Line:
Refraction is the bending of a light ray as it travels through the surface of a transparent material.


First Line:
Refractory is any nonmetallic material or object that can withstand high temperatures without becoming soft.


First Line:
Refrigeration is the process of producing low temperatures.


First Line:
Refugee is a person forced to flee from his or her country of origin and seek safety elsewhere.


First Line:
Regelation, is the process in which ice melts under pressure and refreezes as soon as the pressure is taken away.


First Line:
Regeneration, in plants and animals, is the capacity to replace lost or damaged parts by growing new ones.


First Line:
Regent, is a person who rules a country when the rightful ruler cannot, either because he or she is too young, out of the country, or ill.


First Line:
Reggae, is a type of popular music that developed in Jamaica in the 1960's.


First Line:
Regina, is the capital and second largest city of Saskatchewan.


First Line:
Regina, Medal is an award honoring a person for a lifetime contribution to children's literature.


First Line:
Regression is a characteristic sign of certain mental illnesses.


First Line:
Regulus, Marcus Atilius, (?-249? B.C.), was a Roman general who became a national hero.


First Line:
Rehnquist, William Hubbs (1924-...), became chief justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1986.


First Line:
Reich, is a German word meaning empire or state.


First Line:
Reid, Whitelaw (1837-1912), was an American journalist and diplomat.


First Line:
Reims, (pop. 185,164; met. area pop. 206,362), is a fortified city of northern France.


First Line:
Reincarnation, is the belief that the soul survives after death and is reborn in the body of another person or some other living thing.


First Line:
Reindeer is a kind of large deer that lives in the northernmost regions of Europe, Asia, and North America.


First Line:
Reindeer Lake covers 2,444 square miles (6,330 square kilometers) in central Canada.


First Line:
Reindeer moss is a type of lichen that grows in the Arctic and sometimes farther south.


First Line:
Reiner, Fritz (1888-1963), was one of the great symphony orchestra and operatic conductors of his time.


First Line:
Reinhardt, Max (1873-1943), was a theatrical producer and director.


First Line:
Relapsing fever is an infectious disease that occurs chiefly in the tropics, often as an epidemic.


First Line:
Relativity is either of two theories of physics developed by the German-born American physicist Albert Einstein.


First Line:
Relief, in art, is sculpture in which the figures or designs project from their background.


First Line:
Religion. No simple definition can describe the numerous religions in the world.


First Line:
Religious education involves instruction in the beliefs of a particular religion.


First Line:
Religious life is a term for a life bound by vows and may also include service to others.


First Line:
Remarque, Erich Maria (1898-1970), a German-American author, wrote realistic, suspenseful novels about the horrors and effects of war.


First Line:
Rembrandt, (1606-1669), was the Netherlands' greatest artist.


First Line:
Remembrance Day is a holiday that honors the memory of the men and women who died in World Wars I and II and later conflicts.


First Line:
Remington, Frederic (1861-1909), was an American artist best known for his action-filled paintings, drawings, and sculptures of cowboys and Indians.


First Line:
Remora, is a fish with a sucker at the top of its head that it uses to attach itself to larger marine animals.


First Line:
Remote control is the control of a system from a distance.


First Line:
Remote sensing is a technique used to gather information about an object without actually touching it.


First Line:
Renaissance, was a great cultural movement that began in Italy during the early 1300's.


First Line:
Reno, (pop. 180,480; met. area pop. 339,486), is a major tourist center and the second largest city in Nevada.


First Line:
Reno, Janet (1938-...), was the first woman to serve as attorney general of the United States.


First Line:
Reno, Marcus Albert (1834-1889), was a United States Army officer who became known for his role in the Battle of the Little Bighorn in Montana Territory in 1876.


First Line:
Renoir, Jean (1894-1979), was a French motion-picture director.


First Line:
Renoir, Pierre Auguste, (1841-1919), a French Impressionist painter, is famous for his pictures of young girls and children, and intimate portraits of French middle-class life.


First Line:
Repeal means wiping out a law already on the books.


First Line:
Repetitive strain injury is any of a group of painful medical disorders caused by performing a similar activity over and over again.


First Line:
Representative is the name for a member of the lower house of the Congress of the United States (the House of Representatives), or of the lower house of a state legislature.


First Line:
Reprieve, is the temporary suspension of a sentence passed on a criminal.


First Line:
Reproduction is the process by which living things create more of their own kind.


First Line:
Reproduction, Human, is the process by which human beings create more of their own kind.


First Line:
Reptile is an animal that has dry, scaly skin and breathes by means of lungs.


First Line:
Republic is any form of government whose leader or leaders are elected, usually for a specific term of office.


First Line:
Republican Party is one of the two principal political parties of the United States.


First Line:
Reserpine, is a drug used to treat mild hypertension (high blood pressure).


First Line:
Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) trains students in schools, colleges, and universities to become officers in the United States armed services.


First Line:
Reservoir is a place where large quantities of water are stored to be used for irrigation, power generation, water supply, and recreation.


First Line:
Resin, is any one of a class of natural substances used in varnishes, medicines, soaps, paints, and other applications.


First Line:
Resin, Synthetic, is any one of a large group of chemical compounds that includes most of our common plastics.


First Line:
Resorcinol, is a compound used in making ointments, dyes, and other useful chemical compounds.


First Line:
Respighi, Ottorino, (1879-1936), was one of the most successful Italian composers of the early 1900's.


First Line:
Respiration is the process by which human beings and other living things obtain and use oxygen.


First Line:
Respirator is a machine that helps a person breathe.


First Line:
Restaurant is a business establishment that serves food and beverages to the public.


First Line:
Restigouche, River forms part of the boundary between Quebec and New Brunswick.


First Line:
Restoration was the period in English history that followed the return of the royal family, the House of Stuart, to the throne.


First Line:
Resurrection, is a religious belief that a dead person will return to life through the power of God.


First Line:
Resurrection, plant is the name of several different plants that can be dried but turn green again when watered.


First Line:
Retailing consists of all the activities that result in the offering for sale of merchandise or services to consumers for their own use.


First Line:
Retainer is a formal agreement between a lawyer and a client in which the lawyer agrees to take the client's case.


First Line:
Retriever, is a hunting dog trained to retrieve (find and bring back) game that has been shot.


First Line:
Reunion, is an island in the Indian Ocean, about 400 miles (640 kilometers) east of Madagascar.


First Line:
Reuter, Baron de (1816-1899), founded Reuters, one of the world's leading news services.


First Line:
Reuters, is one of the world's largest news services.


First Line:
Reuther, Walter Philip (1907-1970), was president of the United Automobile Workers (UAW) from 1946 until his death in 1970.


First Line:
Revelation, Book of, is the last book of the New Testament.


First Line:
Revels, Hiram Rhodes (1822-1901), was the first African American to serve in the United States Senate.


First Line:
Revenue sharing was a special form of United States government aid to state and local governments.


First Line:
Revere, Massachusetts (pop. 47,283), lies northeast of Boston.


First Line:
Revere, Paul (1734-1818), was an American patriot who, in April 1775, carried news to Lexington of the approach of the British.


First Line:
Reversing Falls of Saint John is a waterfall located in the St. John River at Saint John, New Brunswick, just before the river enters the Bay of Fundy.


First Line:
Revivalism is an approach to religion that emphasizes individual religious experience rather than church doctrines.


First Line:
Revolution is a term that generally refers to a fundamental change in the character of a nation's government.


First Line:
Revolution of 1848 involved a series of uprisings in France, Germany, and the Austrian Empire, including parts of Italy.


First Line:
Revolutionary War in America (1775-1783) led to the birth of a new nation-the United States.


First Line:
Rexroth, Kenneth (1905-1982), was an American poet.


First Line:
Reye's syndrome, is a rare childhood disease of the liver and central nervous system.


First Line:
Reykjavik, (pop. 99,623; met. area pop. 145,098), is the capital and largest city of Iceland.


First Line:
Reynolds, Sir Joshua (1723-1792), was a great English portrait painter.


First Line:
Reza Shah Pahlavi, (1878-1944), ruled Iran from 1925 to 1941.


First Line:
Rh factor is a substance on the red blood cells of most people.


First Line:
Rhapsody is a term used for a musical composition of a generally epic, heroic, or nationalistic nature.


First Line:
Rhea, is a large South American bird that cannot fly.


First Line:
Rhea, in Greek mythology, was the wife and sister of Cronus, ruler of the race of gods and goddesses called Titans.


First Line:
Rhee, Syngman, (1875-1965), a Korean statesman, served as the first president of the Republic of Korea from 1948 to 1960.


First Line:
Rhenium, is a rare, costly, silvery-white metal.


First Line:
Rheostat, is a device that increases or decreases the amount of resistance in an electric circuit.


First Line:
Rhesus, monkey is a monkey noted for its usefulness in medical and behavioral research.


First Line:
Rheumatic, fever is a disease that occurs primarily in children from 5 to 15 years old.


First Line:
Rheumatism, is a general term for disorders involving stiffness or pain in the muscles or joints.


First Line:
Rheumatology is the study of diseases affecting the body's joints and their associated tissues, including the bones, muscles, tendons, cartilage, and ligaments.


First Line:
Rhine, River is the most important inland waterway in Europe.


First Line:
Rhineland is a historic area in what is now western Germany.


First Line:
Rhinitis, is an inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the nose.


First Line:
Rhinoceros is a huge animal that ranks as one of the largest land creatures.


First Line:
Rhizome, is a horizontal stem that grows at or just below the soil surface.


First Line:
Rhode Island is the smallest state in the United States.


First Line:
Rhode Island, University of, is a state-supported coeducational institution.


First Line:
Rhodes, is the largest of the Dodecanese Islands in the Aegean Sea.


First Line:
Rhodes, Cecil John (1853-1902), was a British businessman and statesman.


First Line:
Rhodes, John Jacob (1916-...), an Arizona Republican, served as minority leader of the United States House of Representatives from 1973 to 1981.


First Line:
Rhodes, Scholarship is an award that enables students from many countries to study at Oxford University in England.


First Line:
Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of, was a federated territory in central Africa from 1953 to 1963.


First Line:
Rhodesian, ridgeback is a medium-sized hound that originated in southern Africa.


First Line:
Rhodium is a rare, silver-white, metallic element that serves mainly as a catalyst, a substance which increases the speed of a chemical reaction.


First Line:
Rhododendron, is the name of a group of trees and shrubs that belong to the heath family.


First Line:
Rhomboid, is a plane figure with two parallel sides of equal length, and the other two sides a different, but also equal, length.


First Line:
Rhombus, is a plane figure with two pairs of straight, parallel sides, all of equal length.


First Line:
Rhone, River is an important commercial waterway of France.


First Line:
Rhubarb, is one of the few perennial vegetables.


First Line:
Rhyme, also spelled rime, means echoing or repeating sounds at the end of words.


First Line:
Rhythm is the regular repetition of a beat, accent, or rise and fall in dance, music, and language.


First Line:
Rhythm band describes a group of performers playing percussion instruments (instruments that produce musical tones when struck).


First Line:
Rial, is the basic monetary unit of Iran (formerly Persia), Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen.


First Line:
Rib is any one of the 24 bones that enclose the chest in the human body.


First Line:
Ribaut, Jean (1529-1565), a French colonizer, took part in attempts to establish French colonies in South Carolina and Florida.


First Line:
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, (1893-1946), was Adolf Hitler's top diplomatic agent.


First Line:
Ribbon Falls is a beautiful waterfall that looks like a narrow ribbon as it drops 1,612 feet (491 meters) in the Yosemite Valley in California's Yosemite National Park.


First Line:
Ribbon worm is any of a group of worms with a slender, often flattened body and a long proboscis (snout).


First Line:
Ribera, Jusepe de, (1588-1652), was a Spanish painter.


First Line:
Ribicoff, Abraham A. (1910-1998), a Connecticut Democrat, served in many high government posts. He served in the United States Senate from 1963 to 1981.


First Line:
Ricardo, David (1772-1823), was the leading British economist of the early 1800's.


First Line:
Rice is one of the world's most important food crops.


First Line:
Rice, Elmer (1892-1967), was an American dramatist who championed moral, social, and personal freedom.


First Line:
Rice, Grantland (1880-1954), was the first United States newspaperman to gain fame by writing about sports.


First Line:
Rice, Henry Mower (1817-1894), was a frontier Indian trader, an Indian commissioner, and one of the first United States senators from Minnesota.


First Line:
Rice, Jerry (1962-...), ranks among the greatest pass receivers in football history.


First Line:
Rich, Adrienne (1929-...), is one of the leading American poets of her generation as well as a major voice in the women's movement.


First Line:
Richard I (1157-1199) was king of England from 1189 to 1199.


First Line:
Richard II (1367-1400) was king of England from 1377 to 1399.


First Line:
Richard III (1452-1485) was king of England from 1483 to 1485.


First Line:
Richard, Maurice (1921-2000), ranks among the leading goal scorers in National Hockey League (NHL) history.


First Line:
Richards, I. A. (1893-1979), was an influential English literary critic and poet. His criticism was mainly concerned with the differences between ordinary language and poetry.


First Line:
Richards, Laura Elizabeth Howe (1850-1943), an American author, wrote books for adults and nonsense verse and stories for children.


First Line:
Richards, Sir William Buell, (1815-1889), a Canadian lawyer and statesman, served as the first chief justice of the Supreme Court of Canada from 1875 to 1879.


First Line:
Richardson, Bill (1947-...), was United States secretary of energy from 1998 to 2001, under President Bill Clinton.


First Line:
Richardson, Elliot Lee (1920-1999), held four Cabinet offices, more than any other person in United States history.


First Line:
Richardson, Henry Hobson (1838-1886), was the first American architect to achieve international fame.


First Line:
Richardson, Samuel (1689-1761), an English writer, is considered one of the founding fathers of the novel.


First Line:
Richardson, Ralph (1902-1983), an English actor, won international fame for his performances in a wide range of stage and film roles.


First Line:
Richelieu, Cardinal (1585-1642), served as prime minister of France from 1624 to 1642.


First Line:
Richler, Mordecai, (1931-2001), was a Canadian novelist.


First Line:
Richmond (pop. 197,790; met. area pop. 996,512) is the capital of Virginia and a major commercial, cultural, educational, and historical center.


First Line:
Richmond, University of, is a private, liberal arts university in Richmond, Va.


First Line:
Richmond Town is a historic area of Staten Island in New York City.


First Line:
Richter, Conrad (1890-1968), was an American author known for his novels about pioneer life.


First Line:
Richter, Hans (1843-1916), was a famous German orchestra conductor who helped popularize the operas of Richard Wagner.


First Line:
Richter magnitude, is a number that indicates the strength of an earthquake.


First Line:
Rickenbacker, Eddie (1890-1973), was the leading United States air ace in World War I (1914-1918).


First Line:
Rickets is a bone disease that occurs mostly in children.


First Line:
Rickettsia, is any of a group of microorganisms that cause certain infectious diseases in human beings.


First Line:
Rickover, Hyman George (1900-1986), an American naval officer, pioneered in developing the U.S.S. Nautilus, the first nuclear-powered submarine.


First Line:
Riddle is a question or statement that contains a deliberately hidden meaning.


First Line:
Ride, Sally Kristen (1951-...), was a United States astronaut who became the first American woman to travel in space.


First Line:
Rideau, Canal is a Canadian waterway connecting the Ottawa River at Ottawa with Lake Ontario at Kingston.


First Line:
Ridgway, Matthew Bunker (1895-1993), became the first United States Army officer to hold supreme commands in both the Pacific and Atlantic areas.


First Line:
Ridley, Nicholas (1500?-1555), an English bishop, was a martyr of the Protestant Reformation.


First Line:
Riel, Louis (1844-1885), led uprisings against the Canadian government in 1869-1870 and 1885.


First Line:
Riemenschneider, Tilman (1460?-1531), was one of the best-known sculptors of his day in Germany.


First Line:
Rifle is a gun with spiral grooves in its long barrel that spin the bullet as it is shot.


First Line:
Riga, (pop. 920,000), is the capital and largest city of Latvia.


First Line:
Right of search. Under international law, a nation at war has the right to visit and search merchant ships of neutral nations.


First Line:
Right-to-work law provides that a person need not belong to a labor union to get or keep a job.


First Line:
Right wing refers to a conservative, traditional group or political party.


First Line:
Rights of Man, Declaration of the, is a French document that sets forth the principles of human liberty and the rights of individuals.


First Line:
Riis, Jacob August (1849-1914), was an American journalist, photographer, and social reformer.


First Line:
Riley, James Whitcomb (1849-1916), won fame as the Hoosier Poet.


First Line:
Rilke, Rainer Maria, (1875-1926), was an important lyric poet in German literature and a major representative of the symbolism movement.


First Line:
Rillieux, Norbert (1806-1894), an American engineer, revolutionized the sugar industry by making the first practical multiple-effect vacuum evaporator.


First Line:
Rimbaud, Arthur, (1854-1891), was a French poet of extraordinary originality.


First Line:
Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai (1844-1908), was a celebrated Russian composer and teacher.


First Line:
Rinderpest, also called cattle plague, is a highly contagious, usually fatal disease of cattle and other members of the ox family.


First Line:
Rinehart, Mary Roberts (1876-1958), was an American novelist and playwright.


First Line:
Ring is a circular band made of metal or other material worn as jewelry.


First Line:
Ring of Fire is a zone along the edge of the Pacific Ocean that has many volcanoes and earthquakes.


First Line:
Ringette, is a team sport for girls and young women that is similar to ice hockey.


First Line:
Ringling brothers were five brothers who founded the most famous circus in American entertainment history.


First Line:
Ringtail is a small North American mammal of the raccoon family.


First Line:
Ringworm is a general name for several kinds of skin diseases that are caused by tiny fungi.


First Line:
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (pop. 6,042,411; met. area pop. 11,205,567), is the second largest city of Brazil.


First Line:
Rio de la Plata, is an estuary, or funnel-shaped bay, on the southeastern coast of South America between Argentina and Uruguay.


First Line:
Rio Grande, one of the longest rivers in North America, flows for 1,885 miles (3,034 kilometers) through the Southwestern United States.


First Line:
Rio Grande, Project is a federal flood-control, power, and irrigation project that extends along the Rio Grande from Elephant Butte Reservoir in southern New Mexico into southern Texas.


First Line:
Riot is a noisy, violent outbreak of disorder by a group of people.


First Line:
Rip Van Winkle is the title character of one of the most famous short stories in American literature.


First Line:
Riparian, rights are the legal rights of a landowner whose property borders or forms the bed of a stream or river.


First Line:
Ripley, Robert LeRoy (1893-1949), was an American cartoonist who became internationally famous for his cartoon panel "Believe It or Not."


First Line:
Ritalin, is the trade name for the drug methylphenidate pronounced mehth uhl FEHN uh dayt.


First Line:
Rite of passage is a ceremony held by nearly all societies to observe a person's entry into a new stage of life.


First Line:
Ritter, Tex (1907-1974), was an American country music singer and songwriter.


First Line:
Ritty, James (1836-1918), an American restaurant owner, invented the cash register.


First Line:
River is a large, natural stream of water that flows overland within a channel.


First Line:
River dolphin is a type of dolphin that lives in fresh or slightly salty water.


First Line:
Rivera, Diego (1886-1957), was a Mexican artist.


First Line:
Rivers, Larry (1923-...), is an American painter.


First Line:
Riveting is a method of joining two metal plates with threadless aluminum, iron, or steel bolts called rivets.


First Line:
Riviera, is a narrow strip of land on the Mediterranean Sea.


First Line:
Riyadh, (pop. 2,776,096), is the capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia.


First Line:
Rizal, Jose, (1861-1896), a Filipino doctor and novelist, became a national hero of the Philippines.


First Line:
RNA, also known as ribonucleic acid, is a complex molecule that plays a major role in all living cells.


First Line:
Roach is a fish of the carp and minnow family that lives in slightly salty lowland rivers and lakes in Europe.


First Line:
Road is a strip of land that provides routes for travel by automobiles and other wheeled vehicles.


First Line:
Roadrunner is a swift, ground-dwelling bird found in the brushy deserts of the Southwestern United States and Mexico.


First Line:
Roanoke, (pop. 94,911; met. area pop. 235,932), is a city on the Roanoke River in Virginia.


First Line:
Roaring Twenties was the colorful decade of the 1920's in the United States.


First Line:
Rob Roy (1671-1734) was a famous Scottish outlaw whose real name was Robert MacGregor.


First Line:
Robbery means stealing money or goods from a person by violence or threats of immediate physical harm.


First Line:
Robbins, Jerome (1918-1998), was an American dancer and choreographer (dance creator).


First Line:
Roberts, Owen Josephus (1875-1955), served as a justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1930 to 1945.


First Line:
Robertson, Oscar (1938-...), became one of the greatest scorers and passers in basketball history.


First Line:
Roberval, Sieur de, (1500?-1560), was a French nobleman and soldier and an explorer and colonizer in Canada.


First Line:
Robeson, Paul (1898-1976), was a black American singer, actor, and political activist.


First Line:
Robespierre, (1758-1794), was the most famous and controversial leader of the French Revolution (1789-1799).


First Line:
Robin is a type of bird common to North America and Europe.


First Line:
Robin Hood was a legendary English outlaw who stole from the rich and gave to the poor.


First Line:
Robinson, Bill (1878-1949), was a popular black American tap-dancer.


First Line:
Robinson, Eddie (1919-...), coached his teams to more victories than any other coach in college football history.


First Line:
Robinson, Edwin Arlington (1869-1935), an American poet, became best known for short poems in which he presents character studies.


First Line:
Robinson, Frank (1935-...), became the first black manager of a major league baseball team when he managed the Cleveland Indians from 1975 to 1977.


First Line:
Robinson, Jackie (1919-1972), was the first black person to play modern major league baseball.


First Line:
Robinson, Joan Violet (1903-1983), was a British economist whose theories have significantly influenced economic thought.


First Line:
Robinson, Joseph Taylor (1872-1937), was the Democratic candidate for Vice President of the United States in 1928.


First Line:
Robinson, Mary (1944-...), became the United Nations (UN) High Commissioner for Human Rights in 1997.


First Line:
Robinson, Sugar Ray (1921-1989), won fame as one of the greatest boxers in history.


First Line:
Robinson Crusoe is an imaginary story about a merchant-adventurer marooned on a desert island off the northern coast of South America.


First Line:
Robot is a mechanical device that operates automatically.


First Line:
Rochambeau, Comte de, (1725-1807), a French general, came to America in 1780 with French troops to serve under General George Washington in the Revolutionary War.


First Line:
Rochester, New York (pop. 219,773; met. area pop. 1,098,201), is a major manufacturing center of the United States.


First Line:
Rock is the hard, solid part of the earth.


First Line:
Rock music is one of the world's most popular and adaptable musical forms.


First Line:
Rockall is a small island in the North Atlantic Ocean.


First Line:
Rockefeller, John Davison (1839-1937), was an American businessman.


First Line:
Rockefeller, John Davison, Jr. (1874-1960), was the only son of the wealthy American businessman John D. Rockefeller. He became a business associate of his father's and devoted most of his life to extending the philanthropic (charitable) work that his fat


First Line:
Rockefeller, John Davison, III (1906-1978), served as chairman of the board of trustees of the Rockefeller Foundation from 1952 to 1971.


First Line:
Rockefeller, John Davison, IV (1937-...), has been a member of the United States Senate since 1985.


First Line:
Rockefeller, Nelson Aldrich (1908-1979), served as vice president of the United States from 1974 to 1977.


First Line:
Rockefeller Foundation is a philanthropic organization chartered in 1913.


First Line:
Rocket is a type of engine that can produce more power for its size than any other kind of engine.


First Line:
Rocket was the first steam locomotive built along the lines of modern steam engines.


First Line:
Rocket, Model, is a miniature rocket patterned after military or space rockets.


First Line:
Rockford (pop. 150,115; met. area pop. 371,236) is a manufacturing center and the second largest city in Illinois.


First Line:
Rockne, Knute, (1888-1931), was an American college coach.


First Line:
Rockwell, Norman (1894-1978), was an American illustrator.


First Line:
Rocky Mountain National Park, a mountain playground in northern Colorado, is one of the most magnificent sections of the Rocky Mountains.


First Line:
Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a serious disease that is often fatal.


First Line:
Rocky Mountain States are Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming.


First Line:
Rocky Mountains are the largest mountain system in North America.


First Line:
Rococo, is a style of art that flourished in western Europe from about 1700 to 1780.


First Line:
Rod is a unit of distance in the inch-pound system of measurement customarily used in the United States.


First Line:
Rodent, is an animal with front teeth especially suited to gnawing hard objects.


First Line:
Rodeo, is a sport that combines the skills of cowboys and cowgirls with the color and spirit of the Old West.


First Line:
Rodgers, Jimmie (1897-1933), was a country music performer.


First Line:
Rodgers, Richard (1902-1979), became famous as a composer for the American musical theater.


First Line:
Rodin, Auguste, (1840-1917), a French sculptor, is often considered the greatest sculptor of the 1800's.


First Line:
Rodney, Caesar, (1728-1784), an American statesman, was a Delaware signer of the Declaration of Independence.


First Line:
Rodo, Jose Enrique, (1872?-1917), was a Uruguayan thinker and essayist.


First Line:
Roe v. Wade was a 1973 landmark case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that state laws could not forbid a woman to have an abortion during the first three months of pregnancy.


First Line:
Roentgen, Wilhelm Conrad (1845-1923), a German physicist, in 1901 won the first Nobel Prize in physics for his discovery of X rays.


First Line:
Roethke, Theodore (1908-1963), an American poet, received the Pulitzer Prize for poetry in 1954 for The Waking: Poems 1933-1953.


First Line:
Rogers, Carl Ransom (1902-1987), was an American psychologist.


First Line:
Rogers, Roy (1911-1998), was a popular star of Western motion pictures known as the "King of the Cowboys."


First Line:
Rogers, Will (1879-1935), was an American humorist and social critic.


First Line:
Rogers's Rangers were frontier scouts who served with the British Army during the French and Indian War (1754-1763).


First Line:
Roget, Peter Mark (1779-1869), was a British physician and scholar.


First Line:
Roland was the greatest of the legendary knights who served the medieval king Charlemagne.


First Line:
Roland de la Platiere, Marie Jeanne (1754-1793), known as Madame Roland, was a political adviser and hostess to the Girondist group during the French Revolution (1789-1799).


First Line:
Role playing is a method of teaching and learning.


First Line:
Rolfe, John (1585-1622), was an early English settler in Jamestown, Virginia.


First Line:
Rolland, Romain, (1866-1944), a French author, won the 1915 Nobel Prize for literature.


First Line:
Roller is the name of 12 species of brightly colored birds that live in Africa, Europe, and Asia.


First Line:
Roller coaster is a thrill ride found in amusement and theme parks.


First Line:
Roller skating is a form of recreation and a sport in which people glide on wheeled boots called roller skates.


First Line:
Rolling Stones are a popular English rock band.


First Line:
Rollright Stones are about 60 stone pillars forming a circle about 98 feet (30 meters) in diameter.


First Line:
Roman Catholic Church is the largest body of Christians in the world.


First Line:
Roman numerals are symbols that stand for numbers.


First Line:
Roman walls were barriers that the Romans built where no natural territorial boundaries existed.


First Line:
Romance is a long work of fiction that is less realistic than a novel.


First Line:
Romance languages are a group of languages that developed from Latin and are spoken in places that were once part of the Roman Empire.


First Line:
Romanesque architecture was the prevailing architectural movement in western Europe from about A.D. 800 to the 1100's.


First Line:
Romania, also spelled Rumania, is a country in eastern Europe.


First Line:
Romanov, was the name of the family that ruled Russia from 1613 to 1917.


First Line:
Romanov, Grigoriy Vasilyevich, (1923-...), was a leading official of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.


First Line:
Romans, Epistle to the, the sixth book of the New Testament, is a letter from the apostle Paul to the Christians in Rome.


First Line:
Romanticism is a style in the fine arts and literature.


First Line:
Romberg, Sigmund (1887-1951), was a famous composer of operettas.


First Line:
Rome is the capital of Italy and one of the world's great historic cities.


First Line:
Rome (pop. 34,950) is a historic city in the central part of New York.


First Line:
Rome, Ancient. The story of ancient Rome is a tale of how a small community of shepherds in central Italy grew to become one of the greatest empires in history--and then collapsed.


First Line:
Rome, University of, is the largest university in Italy.


First Line:
Romero, Oscar Arnulfo (1917-1980), served as archbishop of El Salvador from 1977 until his death.


First Line:
Rommel, Erwin (1891-1944), a German field marshal, was one of the most brilliant generals of World War II.


First Line:
Romulo, Carlos Pena, (1899-1985), a Filipino diplomat and author, served as Philippine secretary (later minister) of foreign affairs from 1965 to 1984.


First Line:
Romulus and Remus, in Roman mythology, were twin brothers who founded the city of Rome.


First Line:
Rondo, is a form of musical composition in which the principal section or theme is repeated at least three times in the same key.


First Line:
Ronsard, Pierre de, (1524-1585), often called the Prince of Poets, led an influential group of French poets called the Pleiade.


First Line:
Rook, also called Eurasian rook, is a bird found in Europe and Asia.


First Line:
Roosevelt, Eleanor (1884-1962), the wife of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, became a distinguished public figure in her own right.


First Line:
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, (1882-1945), served as president for more than 12 years, longer than any other person.


First Line:
Roosevelt, Nicholas J. (1767-1854), was an American inventor and engineer. He helped pioneer the development of steamboats.


First Line:
Roosevelt, Theodore (1858-1919), was the youngest man ever to become president of the United States.


First Line:
Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr. (1887-1944), was the oldest son of President Theodore Roosevelt. Like his father, he was a soldier, statesman, and author.


First Line:
Roosevelt Campobello, International Park covers about 2,800 acres (1,100 hectares) on Campobello Island in New Brunswick, Canada.The summer home of United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt is in the park.


First Line:
Roosevelt, Dam is part of the Salt River irrigation project in south-central Arizona.


First Line:
Root, in arithmetic, is a quantity that yields a given quantity when it is taken as a factor a specified number of times (see Factor).


First Line:
Root is one of the three main organs of a plant.


First Line:
Root, Elihu (1845-1937), an American statesman, is best remembered for his efforts to assure international peace.


First Line:
Root, John Wellborn (1850-1891), was one of the most important architects of the Chicago School.


First Line:
Rope consists of strands of yarn or wire that have been twisted together.


First Line:
Rosario, (pop. 1,079,359), is the third largest city in Argentina.


First Line:
Rosary, is a string of beads used as an aid to memory and concentration while praying.


First Line:
Roscius, Quintus, (126? B.C.-62? B.C.), a Roman actor, was so famous in his day that his name came to stand for "great actor."


First Line:
Rose is one of the most beautiful of all flowers.


First Line:
Rose, Ernestine Potowski (1810-1892), was a leading reformer in the United States during the mid-1800's.


First Line:
Rose, Sir John (1820-1888), was Canadian minister of finance from 1867 to 1869, during the first term of Prime Minister John A. Macdonald.


First Line:
Rose, Pete (1941-...), was one of baseball's all-time leading hitters and most exciting players.


First Line:
Rose chafer, often called the rose bug, is a beetle about 1/3 inch (8 millimeters) long.


First Line:
Rose of Lima, Saint (1586-1617), was the first person born in the Western Hemisphere to be canonized (declared a saint) by the Roman Catholic Church.


First Line:
Rose of Sharon, also called Althaea, is a large hibiscus shrub with lovely rose, purple, white, or blue flowers about 3 inches (8 centimeters) wide.


First Line:
Rose water is a clear, colorless solution made from fresh rose flowers and used in making perfumes and certain medicines.


First Line:
Roseau, (pop. 11,000), is the capital and largest city of Dominica, an island country in the Caribbean Sea.


First Line:
Rosecrans, William Starke (1819-1898), was a Union general in the American Civil War (1861-1865).


First Line:
Rosemary is an evergreen shrub of the mint family noted for the fragrance of its leaves.


First Line:
Rosenberg, Alfred (1893-1946), was the philosopher of the German Nazi movement.


First Line:
Rosenberg, Julius and Ethel, were American citizens, husband and wife, who were executed for spying for the Soviet Union during World War II (1939-1945).


First Line:
Rosenquist, James Albert (1933-...), is an American painter who came to prominence as a member of the pop art movement in the 1960's.


First Line:
Rosetta, stone gave the world the key to the long-forgotten language of ancient Egypt.


First Line:
Rosewood is the name of several kinds of wood used to make knife handles, brush handles, and ornamental furniture.


First Line:
Rosh Ha-Shanah, is the Jewish New Year celebration.


First Line:
Rosicrucian, Order is an international nonsectarian fraternity that studies the higher principles of life as expressed in humanity and nature.


First Line:
Rosin, is resin derived from several varieties of North American and European pine trees.


First Line:
Ross, Betsy (1752-1836), was a seamstress who made flags in Philadelphia at the time of the Revolutionary War in America (1775-1783).


First Line:
Ross, Edmund Gibson (1826-1907), was an American statesman.


First Line:
Ross, George (1730-1779), a Pennsylvania lawyer, signed the Declaration of Independence.


First Line:
Ross, Harold Wallace (1892-1951), founded The New Yorker magazine and edited it for 26 years, until his death.


First Line:
Ross, Sir James Clark (1800-1862), was a British polar explorer.


First Line:
Ross, John (1790-1866), was the principal chief of the Cherokee Indians from 1828 to 1866.


First Line:
Ross, Nellie Tayloe (1876-1977), an American politician and public official, was the first woman governor in the United States.


First Line:
Ross Dam was built in a narrow gorge of the Skagit River north of Seattle, Wash.


First Line:
Ross Dependency is a wedge-shaped section of Antarctica that includes Ross Sea, Ross Ice Shelf, and McMurdo Sound.


First Line:
Rossetti, Christina Georgina (1830-1894), was a gifted English poet.


First Line:
Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, (1828-1882), was one of the most famous English poets and painters of the 1800's.


First Line:
Rossini, Gioacchino Antonio, (1792-1868), was perhaps the most popular and important Italian opera composer during the first half of the 1800's.


First Line:
Rostand, Edmond, (1868-1918), was a French playwright best known for his fourth play, Cyrano de Bergerac (1897).


First Line:
Rostock, (pop. 242,729), is a German seaport and industrial center on the Baltic Sea.


First Line:
Rostov-on-Don, also called Rostov, (pop. 983,000), is one of Russia's most important cities.


First Line:
Rostropovich, Mstislav, (1927-...), is one of the world's great cello players.


First Line:
Roszak, Theodore (1907-1981), was an American sculptor.


First Line:
Rot is a symptom of many plant diseases in which the plant decays.


First Line:
Rotary engine is a type of internal-combustion engine that uses a rotor (rotating part) instead of a piston.


First Line:
Rotary International is the worldwide association of all Rotary clubs.


First Line:
Rotenone, is a poisonous substance taken from the root of the derris and cube plants.


First Line:
Roth, Henry (1906-1995), was an American author known for his novel Call It Sleep (1934).


First Line:
Roth, Mark (1951-...), is one of the greatest professional bowlers in the history of the sport.


First Line:
Roth, Philip (1933-...), is an American novelist and short-story writer.


First Line:
Rothko, Mark (1903-1970), an American painter, was a leader of the abstract expressionist movement.


First Line:
Rothschild, is the name of a German family that founded a famous banking firm in the late 1700's.


First Line:
Rotifer, is a type of tiny multicellular animal that lives in water.


First Line:
Rotterdam, (pop. 558,832; met. area pop. 1,025,580), is the second largest city in the Netherlands.


First Line:
Rottweiler, is a muscular dog with short, coarse black hair.


First Line:
Rouault, Georges, (1871-1958), was a French artist.


First Line:
Rouen, (pop. 105,470; met. area pop. 380,161), is a city in France that is both a major industrial center and a treasure house of artistic masterpieces.


First Line:
Rough Riders is the nickname for a famous American regiment that fought in Cuba under Theodore Roosevelt's leadership during the Spanish-American War of 1898.


First Line:
Roughy, is the name of a group of fish that live in temperate oceans throughout the world.


First Line:
Roulette, is a popular game in gambling casinos.


First Line:
Round Table was the table at which King Arthur, the legendary British ruler, sat with his knights.


First Line:
Roundworm, also called nematode or eelworm, is any of more than 12,000 species of worms.


First Line:
Rous, Francis Peyton, (1879-1970), an American medical researcher, proved that viruses cause some types of cancer.


First Line:
Rousseau, Henri, (1844-1910), was a French artist who painted some of the most unusual pictures in early modern art.


First Line:
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, (1712-1778), was a French philosopher.


First Line:
Route 66 is perhaps the most famous highway in the United States.


First Line:
Rowan, Carl Thomas (1925-2000), an American journalist, was director of the United States Information Agency (USIA) in 1964 and 1965.


First Line:
Rowing is the act of propelling a boat with oars.


First Line:
Rowland, Henry Augustus (1848-1901), was an American physicist.


First Line:
Roxas y Acuna, Manuel, (1892-1948), served as the first president of the Philippine Republic, after it received its independence from the United States on July 4, 1946.


First Line:
Roy, Gabrielle (1909-1983), was a French-Canadian novelist.


First Line:
Roy, Ram Mohan (1772-1833), was a social and religious reformer in India.


First Line:
Royal Canadian Legion is the largest veterans' organization in Canada.


First Line:
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) is the national law enforcement department of Canada.


First Line:
Royal Dutch/Shell Group is one of the world's major industrial enterprises.


First Line:
Royal Geographical Society is a British organization composed of people interested in geographical education and discoveries.


First Line:
Royal Gorge is a canyon of the Arkansas River, extending about 10 miles (16 kilometers) from Canon City, Colo.


First Line:
Royal Household of the United Kingdom includes officials who conduct the private business of the monarch and supervise court life.


First Line:
Royal Institution is a scientific society founded in England in 1799.


First Line:
Royal Military College of Canada is a university in Kingston, Ontario, that trains young men and women to become officers in the Canadian Armed Forces.


First Line:
Royal palm is a tall, graceful tree common in tropical America.


First Line:
Royal Society is the world's oldest continuously existing scientific organization.


First Line:
Royal Society of Canada is a national organization that promotes learning and research in the arts and sciences.


First Line:
Royall, Anne Newport (1769-1854), was an early American newspaperwoman.


First Line:
Royce, Josiah, (1855-1916), an American philosopher, was the leading representative of a movement that was called idealism.


First Line:
Ruanda-Urundi, was a European-controlled territory in east-central Africa from 1896 to 1962.


First Line:
Rubaiyat, is the shortened form of The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam.


First Line:
Rubber is one of our most interesting and most important raw materials.


First Line:
Rubber plant is the common name for a house plant that is really a kind of fig.


First Line:
Rubella is a common contagious disease that most frequently affects children.


First Line:
Rubens, Peter Paul (1577-1640), was the greatest Flemish painter of the 1600's.


First Line:
Rubicon, is a stream near Rimini, Italy, that Julius Caesar made famous when he was governor of Gaul.


First Line:
Rubidium, is a soft, silvery-white metallic element.


First Line:
Rubin, Robert Edward (1938-...), was United States secretary of the treasury under President Bill Clinton from 1995 to 1999.


First Line:
Rubinstein, Anton Gregor, (1829-1894), was a Russian pianist and composer.


First Line:
Rubinstein, Arthur (1887-1982), was a Polish-born concert pianist.


First Line:
Ruble, also spelled rouble, is the monetary unit of Russia and Belarus.


First Line:
Ruby is the red gem variety of the mineral corundum.


First Line:
Rudolph, Paul (1918-1997), was an American architect.


First Line:
Rudolph, Wilma (1940-1994), was an American athlete.


First Line:
Ruff is a sandpiper native to the Eastern Hemisphere.


First Line:
Ruffe, is a small freshwater fish that is a major pest in North America.


First Line:
Ruffed grouse is a thickly feathered grouse of North America.


First Line:
Ruffin, Edmund (1794-1865), was a noted Virginia agriculturist and a strong supporter of slavery.


First Line:
Rugby football is a fast contact sport played by two teams.


First Line:
Rugby School is a famous English public school founded in 1567 at Rugby, England.


First Line:
Rugs and carpets are fabrics used as floor coverings.


First Line:
Ruhr, is an industrial region in western Germany.


First Line:
Ruhr, River rises in Westphalia, Germany, and flows 144 miles (232 kilometers) through the famous industrial region of the Ruhr Valley.


First Line:
Ruisdael, Jacob van, (1628?-1682), was the greatest Dutch landscape painter of his time.


First Line:
Ruiz, Juan (1283?-1350?), ranks among Spain's important poets on the strength of a single known work.


First Line:
Ruiz Cortines, Adolfo (1891-1973), served as president of Mexico from 1952 to 1958.


First Line:
Rumba, also spelled rhumba, is a Latin ballroom dance that originated in Africa and achieved its modern form in Cuba.


First Line:
Ruminant is the name given to a grazing animal that has a highly specialized digestive system and split hoofs.


First Line:
Rump Parliament was a name given the English Parliament during the civil war in the mid-1600's.


First Line:
Rundstedt, Karl Rudolf Gerd von (1875-1953), was a German field marshal during World War II (1939-1945).


First Line:
Rune, is any one of the characters of the earliest written alphabet used by the Germanic peoples of Europe.


First Line:
Running is a vigorous form of exercise and a popular sport.


First Line:
Runnymede, is a meadow in England on the south bank of the River Thames, about 36 miles (58 kilometers) southwest of London.


First Line:
Runyon, Damon (1884-1946), was an American short-story writer and journalist.


First Line:
Rupert, Prince (1619-1682), a German nephew of Charles I, became commander in chief of the Royalist forces in the English Civil War (1642-1646).


First Line:
Rupee, is the chief monetary unit of India and the basic unit in India's decimal currency system.


First Line:
Rupp, Adolph (1901-1977), was one of the top college basketball coaches in the United States.


First Line:
Rural delivery is a service that provides mail delivery to rural and suburban communities throughout the United States.


First Line:
Rural Electrification Administration (REA) was an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture from 1935 to 1994.


First Line:
Rush is the common name for a group of grasslike plants that generally grow in marshes and meadows, and sometimes in standing water.


First Line:
Rush, Benjamin (1745-1813), was an American physician and a prominent figure in the public life of his time.


First Line:
Rushdie, Salman, (1947-...), is a noted Indian-born novelist.


First Line:
Rusk, Dean (1909-1994), served as United States secretary of state from 1961 to 1969 under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson.


First Line:
Ruskin, John (1819-1900), was probably the most influential English critic of the 1800's.


First Line:
Russell, Bertrand (1872-1970), was a British philosopher and mathematician.


First Line:
Russell, Bill (1934-...), became one of the finest defensive players in basketball history.


First Line:
Russell, Charles Marion (1864-1926), was an American painter and sculptor famous for his scenes of cowboys and life in the West.


First Line:
Russell, Sir Edward John (1872-1965), a chemist, was one of the foremost agricultural researchers in the world.


First Line:
Russell, George William (1867-1935), was an Irish poet, painter, and journalist.


First Line:
Russell, Henry Norris (1877-1957), an American astronomer, influenced the growth of theoretical astrophysics in the United States.


First Line:
Russell, Lord John (1792-1878), served as prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1846 to 1852 and in 1865 and 1866.


First Line:
Russell, Lillian (1861-1922), an American actress and singer, was the ideal of feminine beauty in the late 1800's.


First Line:
Russell, Richard Brevard (1897-1971), a Georgia Democrat, became one of the most influential people in the United States Senate.


First Line:
Russell family became one of England's most famous families.


First Line:
Russia is the world's largest country in area.


First Line:
Russian language is one of the world's most important languages.


First Line:
Russian literature includes some of the greatest masterpieces ever written.


First Line:
Russo-Finnish wars. During World War II, the Soviet Union and Finland fought each other in two wars.


First Line:
Russo-Japanese War brought recognition to Japan as a major world power.


First Line:
Russo-Turkish wars were a series of conflicts between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, which was based in what is now Turkey.


First Line:
Russwurm, John Brown (1799-1851), was an early spokesman against slavery and an important figure in a black American "back-to-Africa" movement.


First Line:
Rust is the common name of a group of diseases caused by fungi that are parasites on plants.


First Line:
Rust is a brownish-red substance that forms on the surface of iron or steel when it is exposed to damp air.


First Line:
Rustin, Bayard, (1910-1987), was an American civil rights leader.


First Line:
Rutabaga, is a plant with an edible root that tastes like a turnip.


First Line:
Ruth, Babe (1895-1948), was the first great home run hitter in baseball history.


First Line:
Ruth, Book of, is a book of the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament.


First Line:
Ruthenia is a historic region in Ukraine.


First Line:
Ruthenium, is a rare, silver-white metallic element.


First Line:
Rutherford, Ernest (1871-1937), a British physicist, established the nuclear model of the atom in 1911.


First Line:
Rutherfordium is an artificially produced radioactive element with 104 protons-that is, with an atomic number of 104.


First Line:
Rutland (pop. 17,292) is the second largest city in Vermont.


First Line:
Rutledge, Ann (1813-1835), became famous as Abraham Lincoln's first sweetheart.


First Line:
Rutledge, Edward (1749-1800), a lawyer and statesman, was a South Carolina signer of the Declaration of Independence.


First Line:
Rutledge, John (1739-1800), was a South Carolina signer of the Constitution of the United States.


First Line:
Rutskoi, Alexander Vladimirovich, (1947-...), served as vice president of Russia from 1991 to 1993.


First Line:
Rwanda, is a small country in east-central Africa, just south of the equator.


First Line:
Ryan, Nolan (1947-...), ranks among the greatest pitchers in baseball history.


First Line:
Ryder, Albert Pinkham (1847-1917), is considered one of the most original of American painters.


First Line:
Rye is a cereal grain similar to wheat and barley.


First Line:
Rye House Plot was a scheme concocted by radical members of the English Whig Party in 1682 and 1683.


First Line:
Ryukyu, Islands are a group of more than 100 islands in the North Pacific Ocean that belong to Japan.


First Line:
Saadi, (1213?-1292), was a famous Persian author who wrote many works in both prose and poetry.


First Line:
Saar, is a state in Germany on the Franco-German border.


First Line:
Saarinen, Eero, (1910-1961), was an American architect noted for his daring use of sculptural form.


First Line:
Saarinen, Eliel, (1873-1950), was a Finnish-born architect.


First Line:
Saba (pop. 1,116) is one of the islands in the northern group of the Netherlands Antilles.


First Line:
Saber-toothed cat, also called saber-toothed tiger, was a catlike prehistoric animal.


First Line:
Sabin, Albert Bruce (1906-1993), an American medical researcher, developed the oral polio vaccine.


First Line:
Sabin, Florence Rena, (1871-1953), an American scientist, did important research in human embryology.


First Line:
Sabines, were a people who lived in ancient Italy.


First Line:
Sable, is a small animal in the weasel family.


First Line:
Sable Island is a small island in the Atlantic Ocean, about 100 miles (160 kilometers) southeast of the coast of Nova Scotia.


First Line:
Sabotage, is any means of deliberately wasting or damaging the tools, machinery, or production of an employer or government.


First Line:
Sacagawea, (1787?-1812), was a Shoshone Indian woman who accompanied the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1805 and 1806.


First Line:
Saccharides, are carbohydrates--one of the three main classes of food.


First Line:
Sacco-Vanzetti case, was a controversial murder trial held in Massachusetts in 1921.


First Line:
Sachs, Nelly (1891-1970), was a German-born Jewish poet and dramatist.


First Line:
Sackville-West, Victoria Mary (1892-1962), was an English writer whose books reflect her aristocratic, country family background.


First Line:
Sacrament, in Christianity, is a solemn observance.


First Line:
Sacramento, (pop. 407,018; met. area pop. 1,628,197), is the capital of California and the commercial center of a rich farming region.


First Line:
Sacramento, River is the longest river in California.


First Line:
Sacrifice is a religious ceremony in which something is given to a god or the gods, thus becoming "holy."


First Line:
Sacroiliac joint connects the spinal column (backbone) with the pelvis.


First Line:
Sadat, Anwar el-, (1918-1981), was president of Egypt from 1970 until his death in 1981.


First Line:
Saddle is a seat used by a rider on a horse.


First Line:
Sadducees, were members of a religious group of Jews that was active in Judea, in Palestine, until A.D. 70.


First Line:
Sade, Marquis de (1740-1814), was a controversial French novelist and essayist.


First Line:
Safari, is an organized trip to hunt or photograph wild animals, usually in Africa.


First Line:
Safdie, Moshe, (1938-...), is a Canadian architect and urban designer.


First Line:
Safety is freedom from harm or the danger of harm.


First Line:
Safety lamp is a lamp designed to warn coal miners of the presence of firedamp, a gas that can cause destructive mine explosions.


First Line:
Safety valve is attached to a steam boiler to release some of the steam if the pressure becomes higher than the boiler can safely stand.


First Line:
Safflower is a plant grown chiefly for the oil obtained from its seeds.


First Line:
Saffron, is a yellow dye and a food flavoring.


First Line:
Saga, is the name given to a large body of literature written in Iceland between the 1100's and the 1300's.


First Line:
Sagan, Carl Edward (1934-1996), was an American astronomer, author, and educator.


First Line:
Sage is the name of more than 750 species of herbs and shrubs.


First Line:
Sage, Margaret Olivia Slocum (1828-1918), was an American philanthropist.


First Line:
Sagebrush is a shrub known for its sweet odor and bitter taste.


First Line:
Saginaw, (pop. 61,799; met. area pop. 403,070), is a manufacturing city in eastern Michigan.


First Line:
Sagittarius, is the ninth sign of the zodiac.


First Line:
Sago, is a starch found in the spongy center, or pith, of various tropical palm trees.


First Line:
Saguaro, is the largest cactus of the United States.


First Line:
Saguaro, National Park is in southern Arizona, east of Tucson.


First Line:
Saguenay, River is an important waterway in southern Quebec.


First Line:
Said, Amina el- (1910-1995), was an Egyptian feminist and journalist.


First Line:
Sailfish is a large fish known for its big back fin, which it spreads out like a sail.


First Line:
Saint is a holy person who becomes a religious hero by exemplifying a virtue or virtues of his or her religion.


First Line:
Saint Andrews lies on the east coast of Scotland between the cities of Edinburgh and Dundee.


First Line:
Saint Andrews, New Brunswick (pop. 1,752), is often called Saint Andrews-by-the-Sea.


First Line:
Saint Augustine, Florida (pop. 11,592), is the oldest permanent settlement established in the United States by Europeans.


First Line:
Saint Bartholomew's Day, Massacre of, was a slaughter of French Huguenots (Protestants).


First Line:
Saint Bernard is a large, intelligent dog that became famous for rescuing lost travelers.


First Line:
Saint Bernard Passes are two high passes across the Alps.


First Line:
Saint Clair, Arthur (1736-1818), was a Scottish American soldier and statesman.


First Line:
Saint Cloud (pop. 59,107; met. area pop. 167,392) is a center of commerce and education in central Minnesota.


First Line:
Saint Croix Island International Historic Site, on the Canadian border in eastern Maine, is the site of one of the first French settlements in North America.


First Line:
Saint Denis, Ruth (1879-1968), was an American dancer, dance teacher, and choreographer (creator of dance).


First Line:
Saint Elias Mountains are a rugged series of the world's highest coastal mountains.


First Line:
Saint Elmo's fire is the glow that accompanies a steady discharge of electricity from certain objects.


First Line:
Saint-Exupery, Antoine de, (1900-1944), a French aviator, created the literature of aviation in France.


First Line:
Saint-Gaudens, Augustus (1848-1907), was a famous American sculptor.


First Line:
Saint George's (pop. 7,500) is the capital, chief port, and commercial and administrative center of Grenada, an island nation in the Windward Islands of the West Indies.


First Line:
Saint-Germain, Treaty of, was signed by the Allied powers and the Republic of Austria on Sept. 10, 1919, after the defeat of Austria-Hungary in World War I (1914-1918).


First Line:
Saint Gotthard, Pass is a famous mountain pass in the Alps in south-central Switzerland.


First Line:
Saint Gotthard, tunnels are two tunnels--one a highway tunnel and the other a railroad tunnel--that run through the Alps in south-central Switzerland.


First Line:
Saint Helena, is a British island in the Atlantic Ocean.


First Line:
Saint James's Palace is a royal mansion in London, England.


First Line:
Saint John (pop. 72,494; met. area pop. 125,705) is the largest city and leading industrial center of New Brunswick.


First Line:
Saint John, Order of, is a nondenominational Christian order devoted to the relief of human suffering.


First Line:
Saint John River is the main waterway of New Brunswick, Canada.


First Line:
Saint John's (pop. 101,936; met. area pop. 174,051) is the capital and largest city of Newfoundland and Labrador.


First Line:
Saint-John's-wort, also called hypericum, is the name of a group of about 300 species of herbs and shrubs with large yellow flowers.


First Line:
Saint Joseph (pop. 73,990; met. area pop. 102,490) is a historic city and agricultural trading center in northwestern Missouri.


First Line:
Saint Kilda is an uninhabited group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean.


First Line:
Saint Kitts and Nevis, is a country in the Caribbean Sea that consists of two islands.


First Line:
Saint Laurent, Louis Stephen (1882-1973), served as prime minister of Canada from 1948 to 1957.


First Line:
Saint Laurent, Yves (1936-...), became perhaps the most influential fashion designer of the late 1900's.


First Line:
Saint Lawrence River is one of the most important rivers of North America.


First Line:
Saint Lawrence Seaway is a major commercial waterway that links the Atlantic Ocean and the Great Lakes.


First Line:
Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation is an agency of the United States Department of Transportation.


First Line:
Saint Lazarus, Order of, was a Christian religious organization of knights and nurses founded in Jerusalem about 1120.


First Line:
Saint Leger, Barry (1737-1789), a British soldier, fought against the Americans in the Revolutionary War (1775-1783).


First Line:
Saint Louis, is the second largest city in Missouri and a leading industrial and transportation center of the United States.


First Line:
Saint Lucia, is an island country in the West Indies.


First Line:
Saint Mark, Basilica of, is the Roman Catholic cathedral of Venice, Italy.


First Line:
Saint Marys River carries the waters of Lake Superior into Lake Huron.


First Line:
Saint Moritz (pop. 5,426), is a famous resort town in the Alps of eastern Switzerland.


First Line:
Saint Nicholas, Feast of, is a children's festival celebrated on December 6, the feast day of Saint Nicholas.


First Line:
Saint Patrick's Cathedral is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York.


First Line:
Saint Patrick's Day is celebrated on March 17th, the feast day of Saint Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland.


First Line:
Saint Paul (pop. 287,151) is the capital and second largest city of Minnesota.


First Line:
Saint Peter's Basilica, also called St. Peter's Church, in Vatican City, is the world's largest Christian church.


First Line:
Saint Petersburg (pop. 4,468,000; met. area pop. 5,020,000), formerly Leningrad, is Russia's second largest city.


First Line:
Saint Petersburg (pop. 248,232) is a city on the west coast of Florida.


First Line:
Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, are two small French islands located off the southern coast of the island of Newfoundland.


First Line:
Saint-Saens, Camille, (1835-1921), was a French composer.


First Line:
Saint-Simon, Comte de, (1760-1825), was a founder of French socialism.


First Line:
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, is a small island country in the West Indies.


First Line:
Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupre, is a Roman Catholic shrine in Montmorency County, Quebec.


First Line:
Sainte-Beuve, Charles Augustin, (1804-1869), a French critic, was the greatest exponent of the biographical method of literary criticism.


First Line:
Saipan, is the capital and largest island of the Northern Mariana Islands, in the central Pacific Ocean.


First Line:
Sakhalin, is a long island of Russia, off the east coast of the country's mainland.


First Line:
Sakharov, Andrei Dmitriyevich, (1921-1989), was a Soviet physicist who gained prominence for his research on controlled thermonuclear reactions.


First Line:
Saladin, (1138-1193), was the best-known Muslim warrior of the 1100's.


First Line:
Salamander is a timid, harmless animal that looks like a lizard but is related to frogs and toads.


First Line:
Salamis, is a Greek island in the Saronic Gulf, about 10 miles (16 kilometers) west of Athens.


First Line:
Salazar, Antonio de Oliveira, (1889-1970), served as prime minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968.


First Line:
Salem, Massachusetts (pop. 40,407), is one of New England's most historic cities.


First Line:
Salem, (pop. 136,924; met. area pop. 347,214), is the state capital and one of the largest cities of Oregon.


First Line:
Salem, Peter (1750?-1816), was a former black slave who fought in the Battle of Bunker Hill.


First Line:
Salem witchcraft trials were trials that resulted from the largest witch hunt in American history.


First Line:
Sales tax is a tax on the sale of goods and services.


First Line:
Salesmanship is the ability to sell goods and services.


First Line:
Salic, law was a set of laws used in Europe during the Middle Ages.


First Line:
Salicylic, acid belongs to a group of chemical compounds used as drugs to reduce fever and pain.


First Line:
Salinas de Gortari, Carlos (1948-...), was president of Mexico from 1988 to 1994.


First Line:
Salinger, J. D. (1919-...), an American author, became famous for his novel The Catcher in the Rye (1951). The novel's hero and narrator is a prep school student named Holden Caulfield, who is expelled for failing grades.


First Line:
Salisbury, lies about 80 miles (130 kilometers) southwest of London, in southern England.


First Line:
Salisbury, Marquess of (1830-1903), was a distinguished British statesman who was prime minister three times.


First Line:
Salish, Indians are certain related groups of North American Indians.


First Line:
Saliva, a sticky fluid produced in the mouth, is important to the digestion of food.


First Line:
Salk, Jonas Edward (1914-1995), an American research scientist, worked in the field of preventive medicine.


First Line:
Salmon, is one of the most important food and sport fishes.


First Line:
Salmonellosis, is a common type of food poisoning.


First Line:
Salome, was the daughter of Herodias and the stepdaughter of Herod Antipas, governor of Galilee and Peraea.


First Line:
Salomon, Haym, (1740-1785), was an American banker and patriot.


First Line:
Salon, refers to a type of room and to certain activities that take place in the room.


First Line:
Salt is a clear, brittle mineral that has been used to flavor and preserve food since ancient times.


First Line:
Salt, Chemical, is a compound that results when a base neutralizes an acid.


First Line:
Salt Lake City (pop. 181,743; met. area pop. 1,333,914) is the capital and largest city of Utah.


First Line:
Salt River is a stream in east-central Arizona.


First Line:
Salter, Susanna Madora (1860-1961), was the first woman mayor in the United States.


First Line:
Salto, (pop. 80,787), is the second largest city in Uruguay.


First Line:
Salton, Sea is a shallow, saline lake in southeastern California.


First Line:
Saltpeter, also called niter, is a mineral known to chemists as potassium nitrate.


First Line:
Saluda, Dam is among the 30 largest earth-fill dams in the United States.


First Line:
Saluki, also called gazelle hound, is believed to be the oldest purebred dog.


First Line:
Salute is a gesture of greeting that generally expresses respect or courtesy.


First Line:
Salvador, (pop. 2,050,133; met. area pop. 2,424,878), also called Bahia, is a large city in Brazil.


First Line:
Salvage, is money or goods paid to those who save ships or cargo abandoned at sea.


First Line:
Salvation Army is an international Christian religious and charitable organization.


First Line:
Salvia, is a group of about 700 species of plants that grow in temperate and warm regions.


First Line:
Salzburg, (pop. 143,978), is a city located in the mountains of northwestern Austria.


First Line:
Samara, (pop. 1,258,000), is a major Russian manufacturing center and Volga River port.


First Line:
Samaria, was the name of a city and its surrounding region in ancient Canaan (later called Palestine).


First Line:
Samaritans, were citizens of ancient Samaria.


First Line:
Samarium, (chemical symbol, Sm), is one of the rare-earth metals.


First Line:
Samarqand, (pop. 515,000), is the second largest city and former capital of Uzbekistan.


First Line:
Samnites were members of an ancient tribe in what is now southern Italy.


First Line:
Samoa, is an independent island country in the South Pacific Ocean.


First Line:
Samoa, Islands is a chain of islands in the South Pacific Ocean.


First Line:
Samoset, (1590?-1655), was one of the first American Indian friends of the Pilgrim settlers of the Plymouth Colony.


First Line:
Samothrace, also called Samothraki pronounced sah maw THRAH kee, is a Greek island that is often mentioned in Greek mythology.


First Line:
Samoyed, is a dog bred by the Samoyed peoples of northern Siberia.


First Line:
Sampan, is a small boat used chiefly in rivers and harbors in China, Japan, and nearby islands.


First Line:
Sampler is a small square or strip of cloth covered with sample patterns of needlework.


First Line:
Sampras, Pete (1971-...), is an American tennis champion.


First Line:
Sampson, Deborah (1760-1827), served in the Revolutionary War in America disguised as a man.


First Line:
Sampson, William Thomas (1840-1902), an American naval officer, became involved in a dispute over the Battle of Santiago during the Spanish-American War in 1898.


First Line:
Samson was a folk hero of ancient Israel, famed for his great strength.


First Line:
Samuel, Books of, are two books of the Bible, called I Samuel and II Samuel.


First Line:
Samuelson, Paul Anthony (1915-...), is an American economist who won the 1970 Nobel Prize in economics.


First Line:
Samurai, were members of the hereditary warrior class in Japan.


First Line:
San, are a people of Africa, most of whom live in the Kalahari Desert region of Botswana and Namibia.


First Line:
San Andreas, Fault is a long fracture in the earth's crust marked by a zone of disrupted land in California.


First Line:
San Antonio, Texas, is one of the most historic cities of the United States.


First Line:
San Bernardino, (pop. 185,401), a city in southwestern California, is the seat of San Bernardino County.


First Line:
San Blas, Indians is the term for four tribes of Indians that live on the San Blas Islands off the eastern coast of Panama.


First Line:
San Diego, California, is the seventh largest city in the United States and an important base of operations for the U.S. Navy.


First Line:
San Diego Marine Corps Recruit Depot, California, trains United States Marine Corps recruits generally from west of the Mississippi River.


First Line:
San Diego Naval Base, California, provides headquarters for several United States Pacific Fleet commands.


First Line:
San Francisco is one of the largest cities in California and a leading center of culture, finance, and industry in the United States.


First Line:
San Francisco Conference. Delegates from the United Nations met in San Francisco on April 25, 1945, to form a world organization strong enough to prevent another global war.


First Line:
San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge is one of the longest bridges in the world over navigable water.


First Line:
San Jacinto, Battle of, was the last battle of the war for Texas' independence from Mexico.


First Line:
San Joaquin River, is the chief stream in the southern part of the Central Valley of California.


First Line:
San Jose, California, is a major industrial city and one of the nation's chief centers of aerospace manufacturing.


First Line:
San Jose, (pop. 318,765) is Costa Rica's capital, largest city, and commercial center.


First Line:
San Jose, scale is an insect pest that feeds on many kinds of fruit trees, shade trees, and ornamental shrubs.


First Line:
San Juan, (pop. 421,958; met. area pop. 1,967,627), is the capital and largest city of Puerto Rico.


First Line:
San Juan Capistrano, California (pop. 33,826), is a city 60 miles (97 kilometers) southeast of Los Angeles.


First Line:
San Luis Potosi, (pop. 669,353), is a farming and mining center in central Mexico.


First Line:
San Marcos, University of, in Lima, Peru, is the oldest university in South America.


First Line:
San Marino, is a small European country that is surrounded by Italy.


First Line:
San Marino, (pop. 4,161), is the capital and largest community of the country of San Marino.


First Line:
San Martin, Jose de, (1778-1850), was an Argentine general who helped lead the struggle for independence in South America against Spain.


First Line:
San Pedro Sula, (pop. 326,943), is the second largest city in Honduras.


First Line:
San Quentin is California's oldest prison.


First Line:
San Salvador, (pop. 415,346), is the capital and largest city of El Salvador.


First Line:
Sana, (pop. 427,185), is the capital and largest city of Yemen.


First Line:
Sanchez, George Isidore (1906-1972), an American educator, was a leading spokesman for educational reforms for Spanish-speaking students in the United States.


First Line:
Sand is a loose accumulation of tiny pieces of rocks or minerals that are larger than silt or clay but smaller than pebbles.


First Line:
Sand, George (1804-1876), was the pen name of Amantine-Aurore-Lucile Dupin, a French novelist of the 1800's.


First Line:
Sand dollar is an animal that lives slightly buried in the sand in shallow coastal waters.


First Line:
Sand fly is a hairy, dark-brown insect that measures about 1/8 inch (3.2 millimeters) long.


First Line:
Sand painting is the name for making pictures in sand.


First Line:
Sand verbena is a low-growing summer annual with fragrant pink, white, or yellow flowers.


First Line:
Sandalwood is a scarce, valuable wood obtained from several related kinds of trees.


First Line:
Sandblasting is a method for engraving such materials as glass and granite or for cleaning metal and some buildings.


First Line:
Sandbur, also called bur grass, is a troublesome prickly weed that originally came from the plains of the western United States.


First Line:
Sandburg, Carl (1878-1967), was an American poet, biographer, and historian.


First Line:
Sande, Earl (1898-1968), was an American jockey.


First Line:
Sanderling is a bird that belongs to the same family as snipes and sandpipers.


First Line:
Sanders, Barry (1968-...), ranks among the greatest running backs in football history.


First Line:
Sandia National Laboratories is one of the largest centers in the United States for the development of nuclear weapons systems.


First Line:
Sandino, Augusto Cesar, (1895-1934), was a Nicaraguan revolutionary.


First Line:
Sandpiper is a name given to a large number of birds.


First Line:
Sandstone is a type of rock composed chiefly of sand that has been "cemented" together by pressure or by minerals.


First Line:
Sandstorm is a wind storm that carries sand through the air.


First Line:
Sanford, Maria L. (1836-1920), was one of the first woman professors in the United States. She taught at the University of Minnesota for 30 years.


First Line:
Sanger, Frederick (1918-...), a British biochemist, won the 1958 and 1980 Nobel Prizes in chemistry.


First Line:
Sanger, Margaret (1883-1966), was an American leader of the birth control movement during the early 1900's.


First Line:
Sangster, Charles (1822-1893), was a Canadian poet.


First Line:
Sanhedrin, was the highest national governing council of the Jews in Roman times.


First Line:
Sanitarium, is a place where people go to improve their health.


First Line:
Sanskrit language is the oldest formal written language of India and the basis of many modern Indian languages, including Hindi and Urdu.


First Line:
Sanskrit literature is the literature of India written in the ancient language called Sanskrit.


First Line:
Santa Ana, (pop. 135,186), is the second largest city in El Salvador.


First Line:
Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de (1795-1876), was a Mexican soldier and politician.


First Line:
Santa Barbara (pop. 92,325) is an old Spanish mission town in southern California.


First Line:
Santa Claus is a legendary old man who brings gifts to children at Christmas.


First Line:
Santa Claus, Indiana (pop. 2,041), is best known for its postmark.


First Line:
Santa Fe, (pop. 441,982), is a commercial and shipping center in east-central Argentina.


First Line:
Santa Fe, New Mexico (pop. 62,203; met. area pop. 147,635), is the capital of the state and a major tourist center of the Southwest.


First Line:
Santa Fe, Trail was one of the longest commercial routes in the United States in the prerailroad era.


First Line:
Santa Marta, (pop. 313,072), is a seaport near the northern tip of Colombia.


First Line:
Santayana, George (1863-1952), was a philosopher and author.


First Line:
Santiago, (pop. 4,385,481), is the capital and largest city of Chile.


First Line:
Santiago, (pop. 278,638), is the second largest city of the Dominican Republic.


First Line:
Santiago de Cuba, (pop. 418,721), serves as the center of Cuba's mining industry.


First Line:
Santo Domingo, (pop. 1,313,172), is the capital and largest city of the Dominican Republic.


First Line:
Santo Domingo, University of, in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, is the oldest university in the Western Hemisphere.


First Line:
Santos (pop. 486,810) is the major port city of Brazil.


First Line:
Santos-Dumont, Alberto (1873-1932), a Brazilian inventor, pioneered advances in aviation in both lighter-than-air and heavier-than-air machines.


First Line:
Sao Francisco River, is in eastern Brazil.


First Line:
Sao Miguel, Island is the largest island of the Azores.


First Line:
Sao Paulo, (pop. 11,128,848; met. area pop. 17,112,712), is Brazil's largest city and leading commercial, financial, and industrial center.


First Line:
Sao Tome, (pop. 34,997), is the capital and largest city of Sao Tome and Principe, an island country west of the African mainland.


First Line:
Sao Tome and Principe, is an African country that consists of two main islands and several tiny islands.


First Line:
Saone, River is a waterway in eastern France.


First Line:
Sap is the liquid found in the stems, roots, and leaves of plants.


First Line:
Sapir, Edward (1884-1939), was an American anthropologist and linguist who explored the relationships between language, culture, and personality.


First Line:
Sapodilla, is a tropical fruit native to Mexico and Central America.


First Line:
Sapphire, a hard and clear gem, is a variety of the mineral corundum.


First Line:
Sappho, was a Greek lyric poet who lived about 600 B.C.


First Line:
Sapporo, (pop. 1,671,742), is the capital of Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan.


First Line:
Saprophyte, is a living thing that gets its food from the remains of dead organisms.


First Line:
Sapsucker is one of a group of birds of the woodpecker family.


First Line:
Saracens, were Muslims from what are now Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Iran who invaded parts of the Christian world from the 600's to the 1000's.


First Line:
Saragossa, also spelled Zaragoza, pronounced zahr uh GOH zuh (pop. 586,219), is an industrial and trading center in northeastern Spain.


First Line:
Sarajevo, (pop. 447,687), is the capital of Bosnia-Herzegovina.


First Line:
Sarasota, (pop. 52,715), lies on Sarasota Bay on Florida's west coast.


First Line:
Sarcoidosis, is a disease in which small tumorlike lumps form in many parts of the body.


First Line:
Sardine is a member of the herring family and an important food fish.


First Line:
Sardinia, is an Italian island in the Mediterranean Sea.


First Line:
Sardinia, Kingdom of, became the nucleus of united Italy.


First Line:
Sardonyx, is a variety of chalcedony, a fine-grained form of the mineral quartz.


First Line:
Sargasso, Sea is an irregular oval-shaped area of the North Atlantic Ocean.


First Line:
Sargent, John Singer (1856-1925), was an American painter who did his major work in Europe.


First Line:
Sargon of Akkad, was a king who founded the first great empire in history.


First Line:
Sark, is one of the Channel Islands, about 70 miles (110 kilometers) south of England and 22 miles (35 kilometers) off the French coast.


First Line:
Sarnoff, David (1891-1971), an American businessman, was one of the first people to see the full possibilities of using radio and television to entertain the public.


First Line:
Saroyan, William (1908-1981), was an American writer.


First Line:
Sartre, Jean-Paul, (1905-1980), was a French existentialist philosopher who expressed his ideas in novels, plays, and short stories, as well as in theoretical works.


First Line:
Saskatchewan, one of the Prairie Provinces of Canada, is the greatest wheat-growing region in North America.


First Line:
Saskatchewan, University of, is a coeducational university in Saskatoon, Canada.


First Line:
Saskatchewan, River begins in Alberta, Canada.


First Line:
Saskatoon, (pop. 193,647; met. area pop. 219,056), is the largest city in Saskatchewan and a major trading center of western Canada.


First Line:
Sassafras, is a medium-sized tree of the laurel family.


First Line:
Satellite is a natural object that orbits a planet or asteroid.


First Line:
Satellite, Artificial, is a manufactured object that continuously orbits the earth or some other body in space.


First Line:
Satie, Erik, (1866-1925), a French composer, spent his entire career challenging established conventions in music.


First Line:
Satin, is a weave in which the weft (crosswise yarns) do not cross the warp (lengthwise yarns) as often as in a plain weave.


First Line:
Satire is the use of irony or sarcasm to attack some form of human behavior.


First Line:
Satrap, was the governor of a satrapy (province) in the ancient Persian Empire.


First Line:
Saturation, is a term used in chemistry and physics.


First Line:
Saturday, called Saeter-daeg by the Anglo-Saxons, is the seventh day of the week.


First Line:
Saturn was an early god in Roman mythology.


First Line:
Saturnalia, was an ancient Roman festival that honored Saturn, the god of agriculture.


First Line:
Satyr, was a minor god of the countryside and woods in Greek mythology.


First Line:
Saudi, Arabia is a large Middle Eastern nation that ranks as the world's leading producer of petroleum.


First Line:
Sauk, Indians, also spelled Sac, belonged to the Algonquian language group of the North American Eastern Woodlands tribes.


First Line:
Saul, the first king of Israel, reigned from about 1029 to about 1000 B.C.


First Line:
Sault Sainte Marie, Ontario (pop. 80,054), stands on the St. Marys River, which connects Lake Superior and Lake Huron.


First Line:
Sauna, is a special kind of bath for cleansing and relaxation.


First Line:
Sausage is a food made of chopped and seasoned meat.


First Line:
Sauve, Jeanne Mathilde, (1922-1993), became the first woman to serve as governor general of Canada.


First Line:
Savanna, also spelled savannah, is a grassland with widely scattered trees and shrubs.


First Line:
Savannah was the first steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean.


First Line:
Savannah, Georgia (pop. 131,510; met. area pop. 293,000), is one of the chief ports of the Southern United States.


First Line:
Savannah River is a waterway that forms a large part of the border between Georgia and South Carolina.


First Line:
Save the Children is a private, nonprofit, child assistance and community development agency.


First Line:
Savings and loan association is a type of savings institution in the United States.


First Line:
Savings bank is a type of savings institution most commonly found in the Northeastern United States.


First Line:
Savings bond is a kind of bond issued by the United States government.


First Line:
Savonarola, Girolamo, (1452-1498), was an Italian friar, a fiery religious reformer, and a preacher.


First Line:
Savoy, was, until 1946, the oldest reigning family in Europe.


First Line:
Saw is a cutting tool that has a metal blade with sharply pointed teeth along one edge.


First Line:
Sawfish is the name of a family of fish with long snouts that look like saws.


First Line:
Sawfly is an insect related to ants, bees, and wasps.


First Line:
Sawyer, Ruth (1880-1970), was an American storyteller and author of children's books.


First Line:
Saxifrage, is the name of about 300 species of hardy plants that grow in cold and temperate parts of the Northern Hemisphere.


First Line:
Saxons were members of a Germanic people that invaded the island of Britain about 1,500 years ago.


First Line:
Saxophone is a woodwind musical instrument made of brass.


First Line:
Sayers, Dorothy L. (1893-1957), an English author, was one of the most famous writers of detective stories of the 1900's. Her best-known works feature Lord Peter Wimsey, a sophisticated, scholarly amateur detective.


First Line:
Scabies, is a contagious skin disease that causes intense itching.


First Line:
Scalawags, were white Southerners active in the Republican Party during Reconstruction (1865-1877), the period that followed the American Civil War.


First Line:
Scale is any one of the flat plates that form the outer covering of most fishes and many snakes and lizards.


First Line:
Scale, Weighing, is a device used to measure weight or mass.


First Line:
Scale insect is one of many kinds of sucking insects that feed on plants.


First Line:
Scalia, Antonin (1936-...), became the first American of Italian descent to serve as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.


First Line:
Scallop, is a marine animal that is a popular human food.


First Line:
Scandinavia, is the name often given to the peninsula of Norway and Sweden.


First Line:
Scandinavian literature consists of the literature of the Scandinavian countries--Denmark, Norway, and Sweden--and of Finland and Iceland.


First Line:
Scandium, is a soft, silvery-white metal.


First Line:
Scanning probe microscope is any of a variety of microscopes that scan the surface of materials with a sharp point and display the results on a televisionlike screen.


First Line:
Scapegoat, originally meant one of the two goats received by the Jewish high priest in ancient Jerusalem on the Day of Atonement.


First Line:
Scar is a permanent mark left when an injury on the skin or other part of the body heals.


First Line:
Scarab, is the name of a large group of beetles.


First Line:
Scarlatti, Alessandro, (1660-1725), was an Italian composer known primarily for his operas.


First Line:
Scarlatti, Domenico, (1685-1757), was an Italian composer.


First Line:
Scarlet fever is an infectious disease that chiefly affects children.


First Line:
Schaller, George Beals (1933-...), is an American zoologist known for his writings on endangered species of animals.


First Line:
Schechter, v. United States was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) of 1933 was unconstitutional.


First Line:
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von, (1775-1854), was a German philosopher.


First Line:
Schenectady, (pop. 61,821) is an industrial city on the Mohawk River in eastern New York.


First Line:
Scherzo, is a short, lively musical composition.


First Line:
Schiele, Egon, (1890-1918), was an Austrian artist.


First Line:
Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrich von, (1759-1805), ranks second only to Goethe among the leading figures of German literature, and no German compares to him as a playwright.


First Line:
Schindler, Oskar (1908-1974), was a German businessman who saved more than 1,200 Jews from almost certain death.


First Line:
Schirra, Walter Marty, Jr. (1923-...), served as a United States astronaut from 1959 to 1969. He was one of the seven original astronauts and the first to fly in three different types of spacecraft--Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo.


First Line:
Schist, is a medium- to coarse-grained rock that can easily be split into parallel layers.


First Line:
Schistosomiasis, is the name for a sometimes fatal disease caused by three species of parasitic worms called schistosomes.


First Line:
Schizophrenia, is a severe mental disease characterized by unpredictable disturbances in thinking.


First Line:
Schlafly, Phyllis Stewart (1924-...), is a leading supporter of the traditional role of women as mothers and homemakers.


First Line:
Schlesinger, Arthur Meier, Jr. (1917-...), is an American historian. In 1946, he won the Pulitzer Prize for history for The Age of Jackson.


First Line:
Schliemann, Heinrich, (1822-1890), was a German archaeologist who founded the study of ancient Greece and neighboring cultures on the Aegean Sea.


First Line:
Schmalkaldic, League was an alliance formed by German Protestant states of the Holy Roman Empire to defend themselves against Emperor Charles V and the empire's Roman Catholic states.


First Line:
Schmidt, Helmut, (1918-...), served as chancellor of West Germany from 1974 to 1982.


First Line:
Schmitt, Harrison Hagan, (1935-...), was the first United States scientist-astronaut to fly in space.


First Line:
Schneider Trophy was the prize cup awarded to the winner of a seaplane race during the early days of aviation.


First Line:
Schnitzler, Arthur (1862-1931), was an Austrian writer whose works reflect the influence of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytical ideas.


First Line:
Schoenberg, Arnold (1874-1951), was perhaps the most influential composer of the 1900's.


First Line:
Scholarship is a grant of money or free tuition awarded to a student on the basis of achievement, ability, or financial need.


First Line:
Scholasticism, was a philosophical system that emphasized the use of reason in exploring questions of philosophy and theology.


First Line:
Schongauer, Martin (1450?-1491), was one of the first German painters to work extensively as an engraver.


First Line:
School is one of our most important institutions.


First Line:
School prayer, as a political issue in the United States, refers mainly to the practice of groups of public school students praying in school.


First Line:
Schopenhauer, Arthur, (1788-1860), was a German philosopher who became widely known for his pessimistic views and his fine prose style.


First Line:
Schreyer, Edward Richard (1935-...), was governor general of Canada from 1979 to 1984.


First Line:
Schroder, Gerhard (1944-...), became chancellor of Germany in 1998, succeeding Helmut Kohl.


First Line:
Schrodinger, Erwin (1887-1961), an Austrian theoretical physicist, became known for his mathematical equation describing the wavelike behavior of electrons.


First Line:
Schubert, Franz Peter (1797-1828), an Austrian composer, wrote an enormous variety of music in many forms.


First Line:
Schulz, Charles Monroe (1922-2000), created the "Peanuts" comic strip.


First Line:
Schuman, William (1910-1992), was an American composer and educator.


First Line:
Schumann, Clara (1819-1896), was one of the finest concert pianists of her time.


First Line:
Schumann, Robert (1810-1856), was a German composer and writer on music.


First Line:
Schumpeter, Joseph Alois, (1883-1950), was a noted economist of the first half of the 1900's.


First Line:
Schurz, Carl (1829-1906), was an American editor, soldier, and political leader.


First Line:
Schuyler, Philip John (1733-1804), was an American soldier and statesman.


First Line:
Schuylkill, River is an important river in Pennsylvania.


First Line:
Schwartz, Delmore (1913-1966), was an American poet.


First Line:
Schwarzkopf, H. Norman (1934-...), was a general in the United States Army. He commanded the U.S. forces in the Persian Gulf War (1991).


First Line:
Schweitzer, Albert (1875-1965), was a brilliant philosopher, physician, musician, clergyman, missionary, and writer on theology.


First Line:
Schwenkfelders, are an American Protestant group that originated in Silesia (now part of Poland).


First Line:
Schwitters, Kurt (1887-1948), was a German artist known for creating pictures out of glued paper and other objects.


First Line:
Sciatica, refers to pain along the sciatic nerve.


First Line:
Science covers the broad field of knowledge that deals with observed facts and the relationships among those facts.


First Line:
Science fiction is literature based on real or imagined developments in science or technology.


First Line:
Science projects are systematic investigations that help students learn about nature and natural laws.


First Line:
Scientific notation is a method used in scientific work to express extremely large or small numbers.


First Line:
Scientology, is a religious movement founded by L. Ron Hubbard, an American writer and visionary thinker.


First Line:
Scipio Africanus, Publius Cornelius, (236?-183? B.C.), was a Roman general who defeated the great Carthaginian general Hannibal in the Second Punic War (218-201 B.C.).


First Line:
Scissors. A pair of scissors is really two knife blades joined together to form a double lever.


First Line:
Scleroderma, is a rare disease that causes stiffening and thickening of body tissues, particularly the skin.


First Line:
Scofield, Paul (1922-...), is a British actor who played his most successful roles in revivals of classic plays.


First Line:
Scoliosis, is a side-to-side curve of the spine.


First Line:
Scone, Stone of, is a stone on which the British monarchs are crowned.


First Line:
Scopes trial was one of the most famous and controversial legal cases in United States history.


First Line:
Scorpio, is the eighth sign of the zodiac.


First Line:
Scorpion, is a small animal with a potentially dangerous poisonous sting in its tail.


First Line:
Scorpionfly, is an unusual insect that often has a long, pointy face.


First Line:
Scorsese, Martin (1942-...), is an American motion-picture director.


First Line:
Scotland is one of the four major political divisions that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.


First Line:
Scotland Yard is the headquarters of the London Metropolitan Police.


First Line:
Scott, Barbara Ann (1928-...), a Canadian ice skater, won the women's gold medal in figure skating at the 1948 Winter Olympic Games.


First Line:
Scott, Duncan Campbell (1862-1947), was a Canadian poet.


First Line:
Scott, F. R. (1899-1985), was a Canadian poet and legal scholar. He wrote witty, satirical poems about public figures and the Canadian social system.


First Line:
Scott, Robert Falcon (1868-1912), a British explorer and naval officer, became the first person to reach the South Polar plateau.


First Line:
Scott, Sir Walter (1771-1832), was a Scottish romantic writer.


First Line:
Scott, Winfield (1786-1866), a United States Army officer for more than 50 years, served in the War of 1812, the Mexican War (1846-1848), and the beginning of the Civil War (1861-1865).


First Line:
Scott Air Force Base, near Belleville, Ill., is headquarters of the United States Transportation Command, Air Force Communications Command, and Air Weather Service.


First Line:
Scottish deerhound was for hundreds of years a dog of the nobility.


First Line:
Scottish terrier is a breed of dog first raised in the Scottish Highlands in the 1800's.


First Line:
Scottsboro Case was one of the most important cases of the civil rights movement in the United States.


First Line:
Scottsdale (pop. 202,705) is one of the largest cities in Arizona.


First Line:
Scout is a person sent out to explore an unknown area and obtain information.


First Line:
Scouts Canada is an organization that works to help Canadian youth become resourceful and responsible citizens.


First Line:
Scranton (pop. 76,415) is an important manufacturing center in northeastern Pennsylvania.


First Line:
Scranton, William Warren (1917-...), an American politician, was governor of Pennsylvania from 1963 to 1967.


First Line:
Screw is an inclined plane wrapped in a spiral around a shaft.


First Line:
Scriabin, Alexander (1872-1915), was a Russian composer and pianist.


First Line:
Scribe is a person who writes letters, documents, or books by hand.


First Line:
Scribe, Augustin Eugene, (1791-1861), was a French playwright.


First Line:
Scribner was the family name of two American book publishers, father and son.


First Line:
Scripps, Edward Wyllis (1854-1926), was a famous American journalist.


First Line:
Scripps Institution of Oceanography is a public institution in La Jolla, Calif., for research and graduate instruction in the marine, atmospheric, and space sciences.


First Line:
Scrofula, is a term commonly used for an infection of the lymph nodes in the neck by tuberculosis.


First Line:
Scroll is a roll of paper, parchment, or other material, especially with writing or pictures on it.


First Line:
Sculpin, is a family of fishes that have large mouths, large heads, and bodies that taper sharply to the tail fin.


First Line:
Sculpture is one of the most interesting and complex of the arts.


First Line:
Scurvy is a disease caused by lack of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in the diet.


First Line:
Scylla, in Greek mythology, was at first a beautiful nymph.


First Line:
Scythe, an implement with a curved cutting blade, was once used to harvest grain and hay.


First Line:
Sea anemone, is a sea animal that looks like a flower called the anemone.


First Line:
Sea cow is a term sometimes applied to the dugong and manatee, which belong to an order (group) of sea mammals called Sirenia.


First Line:
Sea cucumber is a type of sea animal with a long fleshy body that may look like a cucumber.


First Line:
Sea fan is a colorful coral with a flat, fanlike shape.


First Line:
Sea level is the level of the ocean's surface.


First Line:
Sea lily is a sea animal that looks like a flower.


First Line:
Sea otter is a furry animal that lives in the North Pacific Ocean.


First Line:
Sea serpent is a large, probably imaginary marine creature.


First Line:
Sea squirt is a name for a group of sea animals which are also called ascidians.


First Line:
Sea urchin is a sea animal related to the starfish and the sand dollar.


First Line:
Seabees are members of construction battalions of the United States Navy.


First Line:
Seaborg, Glenn Theodore (1912-1999), an American chemist, became known for contributing to the discovery of several elements heavier than uranium.


First Line:
Seaborgium is an artificially produced radioactive element with 106 protons--that is, with an atomic number of 106.


First Line:
Seafood is the flesh of fish, mollusks, and shellfish that is eaten as food.


First Line:
Seahorse is a small fish that is so named because its head resembles that of a tiny horse.


First Line:
Seal is a sea mammal that has a sleek, torpedo-shaped body and flippers in place of legs.


First Line:
Seal is a device with a design or lettering for impressing (stamping) on paper, wax, or metal.


First Line:
Sealyham terrier is a strong, white, short-legged dog with a long head, powerful jaws, and big teeth.


First Line:
Seamount is a volcano that forms on the ocean floor.


First Line:
Search warrant is a document issued by a court to permit a police officer to search a house, automobile, locker, or any other specified place.


First Line:
Sears, Roebuck and Co. is one of the largest retail companies in the United States. Sears operates hundreds of department stores and specialty stores in the United States, Canada, and Mexico.


First Line:
Sears Tower, in Chicago, is one of the tallest buildings in the world.


First Line:
Seashore is the place where the land and the sea meet.


First Line:
Season is one of the four periods of the year.


First Line:
Seasonal affective disorder is a disturbance of mood that occurs with a change in season.


First Line:
Seattle is a beautiful city in Washington state with spectacular views of high mountains and sparkling coastal waters.


First Line:
Seaweed is a name applied to almost any plantlike marine organism that is large enough to be seen with the unaided eye.


First Line:
Sebastian, Saint (died A.D. 288), was an early Christian martyr.


First Line:
Second, a unit in the metric system, is used to measure time and angles.


First Line:
Second Amendment to the Constitution of the United States reads, "A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed."


First Line:
Secord, Laura Ingersoll, (1775-1868), was the most famous Canadian heroine of the War of 1812.


First Line:
Secret police are used by certain governments and by dictators to control, terrorize, and spy on people.


First Line:
Secret Service, United States, is a bureau of the U.S. Department of the Treasury.


First Line:
Secretarial work includes a variety of activities that help keep an office running smoothly and efficiently.


First Line:
Secretary-bird is a tall African bird that has long feathers on the back of its head.


First Line:
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), an independent federal agency, administers and enforces federal laws governing the purchase and sale of securities (stocks and bonds).


First Line:
Securities Exchange Act is a law passed by the United States Congress in 1934 to protect people from buying unsafe securities (stocks and bonds).


First Line:
Sedative, is a drug that decreases the activity of the central nervous system.


First Line:
Seddon, James Alexander (1815-1880), served as the Confederacy's secretary of war during most of the American Civil War (1861-1865).


First Line:
Sedge is one of a large family of grasslike plants that grow in wet places throughout the world.


First Line:
Sedimentary, rock is rock formed when mineral matter or remains of plants and animals settle out of water or, less commonly, out of air or ice.


First Line:
Sedition, is an act which stirs up discontent against established government authority.


First Line:
Sedum, is a genus (group) of hardy, decorative plants.


First Line:
Seed is the specialized part of a plant that produces a new plant.


First Line:
Seeger, Pete (1919-...), is an American folk singer, musician, and composer.


First Line:
Segal, George (1924-2000), was an American sculptor noted for creating life-sized plaster figures in poses taken from everyday experiences.


First Line:
Sego, lily is one of the mariposa lilies, a group of bright flowering herbs native to western North America.


First Line:
Segovia, Andres, (1893-1987), was the most influential classical guitarist of the 1900's.


First Line:
Segregation is the separation of groups of people by custom or by law.


First Line:
Sei, whale is a large, slender whale that lives in all the oceans.


First Line:
Seiche, is a long wave motion in a lake, a bay, or a similarly enclosed body of water.


First Line:
Seigneurial, system, also spelled seigniorial, was the traditional method of landholding in France.


First Line:
Seine, River and its branches form the chief commercial waterway of France.


First Line:
Seismograph, is an instrument that amplifies and records small movements of the ground.


First Line:
Seismology, is the study of seismic waves (shock waves) produced by earthquakes or explosions.


First Line:
Selective Service System (SSS) is an independent agency of the United States government whose purpose is to provide drafted men to the armed forces in an emergency.


First Line:
Selene, was the principal goddess of the moon in Greek mythology.


First Line:
Selenium, is a semimetallic chemical element.


First Line:
Seles, Monica (1973-...), became the number-one ranked woman tennis player in the world in 1991 at the age of 17.


First Line:
Seleucid, dynasty refers to a series of kings who ruled in southwest Asia from 312 to 64 B.C.


First Line:
Seljuks, were members of a ruling family of Turkic-speaking peoples who controlled much of southwestern Asia from the mid-1000's to the mid-1200's.


First Line:
Selkirk, Earl of (1771-1820), was a Scottish colonizer who opened the Canadian West for settlement during the early 1800's.


First Line:
Selkirk Mountains, a range in southeastern British Columbia, extend north from the United States boundary to the Columbia River.


First Line:
Selsam, Millicent Ellis (1912-1996), was an American author of introductory science books for children.


First Line:
Selye, Hans (1907-1982), was a Canadian scientist who became known for his concept of strains on the body known as stress.


First Line:
Semantics is the name for the scientific study of the meaning of words and sentences.


First Line:
Semaphore, is a method of signaling with targets or flags.


First Line:
Semiconductor is a material that conducts electric current better than an insulator like glass, but not as well as a conductor like copper.


First Line:
Seminary, is a school for training future clergy and lay leaders for churches or other religious organizations.


First Line:
Seminole, Indians fought to keep their lands in Florida during the 1800's.


First Line:
Semiramis, was a mythical queen of Assyria.


First Line:
Semites, are peoples who speak a Semitic language, such as Arabic or Hebrew.


First Line:
Semitic, languages are among the world's oldest languages.


First Line:
Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp, (1818-1865), was a Hungarian doctor who first used antiseptic methods systematically in childbirth.


First Line:
Semmes, Raphael (1809-1877), a rear admiral in the Confederate Navy, commanded the famous ship Alabama during the Civil War (1861-1865).


First Line:
Senate is one of the two lawmaking bodies of many legislatures.


First Line:
Sendak, Maurice (1928-...), is an American illustrator and author of children's books.


First Line:
Seneca, Lucius Annaeus, (4 B.C.?-A.D. 65), was a Roman statesman, author, and Stoic philosopher.


First Line:
Seneca Indians are a tribe who once occupied an area from the Genesee River to Canandaigua Lake in western New York.


First Line:
Senefelder, Alois, (1771-1834), invented the process of lithography (see Lithography).


First Line:
Senegal, is a small country on the northwest coast of Africa.


First Line:
Senghor, Leopold Sedar, (1906-2001), was president of Senegal from 1960 to 1981.


First Line:
Senility, is a term sometimes used to describe certain mental problems that affect some elderly people.


First Line:
Sennacherib, (reigned 704-681 B.C.), was king of Assyria, in what is now northern Iraq.


First Line:
Sennett, Mack (1884-1960), was a pioneer motion-picture director and producer who became famous for his slapstick silent comedies.


First Line:
Senses are the means by which many-celled animals tell what is happening in their environment.


First Line:
Sensitive plant is a small, spreading shrub that grows in tropical regions of the Western Hemisphere.


First Line:
Sensitivity training is a learning process designed to develop an individual's self-awareness and sensitivity to other people and the environment.


First Line:
Sentence is a series of words arranged into a meaningful unit.


First Line:
Sentence is a penalty a person must pay if convicted in court of committing a crime.


First Line:
Seoul, (pop. 10,612,577), is the capital and largest city of South Korea.


First Line:
Sepik River is a river in Papua New Guinea that rises in the Victor Emanuel Range near the Irian Jaya border.


First Line:
September is the ninth month of the year, according to the Gregorian calendar, which is used in most of the world today.


First Line:
Septillion, in the United States and France, is a number followed by 24 zeros.


First Line:
Septuagint, is the name of the oldest known written translation of the Hebrew Bible, called the Old Testament in Christianity.


First Line:
Sequoia, is a tree that ranks among the largest and oldest living things on earth.


First Line:
Sequoia, National Park, in the United States, is the home of one of the finest stands of giant sequoia trees.


First Line:
Sequoyah, (1775?-1843), a Cherokee Indian, is best known for inventing a system for writing the Cherokee language.


First Line:
Serapis, was a god who suddenly became popular in Egypt in the 300's B.C.


First Line:
Serbia, is one of the two republics of Yugoslavia.


First Line:
Serenade, is a musical composition that has both instrumental and vocal forms.


First Line:
Serf was a member of a large class of peasants that developed in the early Middle Ages.


First Line:
Sergeant at arms is an officer who keeps order during the meetings of clubs and deliberative bodies.


First Line:
Series, in mathematics, is the sum of the terms of a sequence.


First Line:
Serling, Rod (1924-1975), an American dramatist, was one of the first writers to reach playwright status solely through performances of his works on radio and television.


First Line:
Serotonin, is a chemical that acts in the brain and other parts of the body to influence many feelings, behaviors, and processes.


First Line:
Serpentine, is a mineral which occurs in metamorphic rock--that is, rock that has changed its appearance due to heat and, in some cases, pressure.


First Line:
Serra, Junipero, (1713-1784), was a Franciscan missionary who in 1769 founded the first mission in present-day California.


First Line:
Sertoma, International is a civic service organization of clubs in Canada, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and the United States.


First Line:
Serum, is the clear, fluid part of the blood that is left after a clot forms.


First Line:
Serval, is a large wildcat that lives in Africa, from the Cape of Good Hope north to Senegal and the Sudan.


First Line:
Service, Robert William (1874-1958), was a Canadian poet known for his lively ballads about frontier life in the Yukon Territory.


First Line:
Service Employees International Union is one of the largest labor unions in the United States and Canada.


First Line:
Service industries are the business firms and government and nonprofit organizations that produce services rather than manufactured goods or agricultural products.


First Line:
Servomechanism, is a type of control system that automatically corrects errors in the position, velocity, or acceleration of an object.


First Line:
Sesame, is an herb grown in tropical countries.


First Line:
Sesshu, (1419-1506), a Buddhist monk, was the greatest Japanese landscape painter in the tradition of Chinese ink drawing.


First Line:
Sessions, Roger (1896-1985), was an American composer and teacher.


First Line:
Set theory is a way of solving problems in mathematics and logic (reasoning).


First Line:
Seth, also called Set, was an ancient Egyptian god of storms, violence, darkness, and desert land.


First Line:
Seti, I (reigned about 1303-1290 B.C.) was a king of ancient Egypt.


First Line:
Seton, Ernest Thompson (1860-1946), was the pen name of a popular Canadian writer and illustrator of animal and woodcraft books for young people.


First Line:
Seton, Saint Elizabeth Ann (1774-1821), was the first person born in the United States to be recognized as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church.


First Line:
Setter is a type of long-haired hunting dog.


First Line:
Settlement house is an institution that tries to improve living conditions in city neighborhoods.


First Line:
Seurat, Georges, (1859-1891), a French artist, was one of the inventors and chief painters of a painting style called pointillism (also called divisionism or neoimpressionism).


First Line:
Seuss, Dr. (1904-1991), was the pen name of Theodor Seuss Geisel, an American writer and illustrator. Dr.


First Line:
Sevastopol, (pop. 361,000), lies on the Black Sea, in the southwestern part of the Crimean Peninsula in Ukraine.


First Line:
Seven Natural Wonders of the World is a listing of outstanding natural features of the earth.


First Line:
Seven seas is an ancient term describing all the seas and oceans of the world.


First Line:
Seven Weeks' War, also called the Austro-Prussian War, took place between June and August of 1866.


First Line:
Seven Wonders of the Ancient World is a listing of notable objects built between about 3000 B.C. and A.D. 476.


First Line:
Seven Years' War (1756-1763) involved nearly every nation in Europe, and extended to America and India.


First Line:
Seventh-day Adventists, are a Christian religious denomination.


First Line:
Severn, River, is Great Britain's longest river and one of Britain's chief waterways.


First Line:
Sevier, John (1745-1815), was an American soldier, frontiersman, and politician.


First Line:
Seville, (pop. 659,126), is one of the leading centers of Spanish art, literature, and education.


First Line:
Sevres, Treaty of, forced the defeated Ottoman Empire to give up much of its territory at the close of World War I. The treaty was signed on Aug. 10, 1920.


First Line:
Sewage is water that contains waste matter produced by human beings.


First Line:
Sewall, Arthur (1835-1900), was the Democratic candidate for vice president of the United States in 1896.


First Line:
Sewall, Samuel (1652-1730), was a judge at the famous Salem witchcraft trials in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1692.


First Line:
Seward, William Henry (1801-1872), served as United States secretary of state during the American Civil War (1861-1865).


First Line:
Sewell, Anna (1820-1878), wrote Black Beauty (1877), a novel about a horse that becomes injured and suffers abuse from a series of owners.


First Line:
Sewing is the process of stitching pieces of fabric together with a needle and thread, by hand or using a sewing machine.


First Line:
Sewing machine is a machine that uses a needle to bind materials together with thread.


First Line:
Sex discrimination, sometimes called gender discrimination, is the unequal treatment of individuals based on their sex.


First Line:
Sex education is the study of the characteristics of being a male or a female.


First Line:
Sex ratio is the proportion of males to females in a population.


First Line:
Sextant is an optical instrument that measures the angular distance between any two points, such as the sun and the horizon.


First Line:
Sextillion, in Canada, France, and the United States, is a number followed by 21 zeros.


First Line:
Sexton, Anne (1928-1974), was an American poet.


First Line:
Sexual harassment, in law, consists of deliberate and unwelcome sexual advances, unwanted requests for sexual favors, and certain other offensive conduct of a sexual nature.


First Line:
Sexuality is everything that distinguishes a person as either male or female.


First Line:
Sexually transmitted disease, also called STD, is any disease spread primarily through intimate sexual activity.


First Line:
Seychelles, is an African country that consists of about 90 islands in the Indian Ocean.


First Line:
Seymour, Horatio, (1810-1886), was a leading Democratic politician in New York from the 1840's to the 1860's.


First Line:
Seyss-Inquart, Arthur von (1892-1946), was the leading Austrian Nazi.


First Line:
Shackleton, Sir Ernest Henry (1874-1922), an Irish explorer, led a British expedition from the Ross Sea that came within 97 nautical miles (180 kilometers) of the south geographic pole in 1908 (see Antarctica [Early exploration]).


First Line:
Shad is an important food fish of the herring family.


First Line:
Shadow is the darkness that an object causes when it prevents light from shining on a surface.


First Line:
Shadow matter is a hypothetical form of matter that is thought to interact with ordinary matter only through the force of gravity.


First Line:
Shaffer, Peter (1926-...), is an English playwright whose works range from comedies to dramatic portrayals of painful emotional crises.


First Line:
Shah was the title of the ruler of certain Middle Eastern countries, including Iran.


First Line:
Shah Jahan, (1592-1666), also spelled Shahjahan, ruled the Mughal empire in India from 1628 to 1666.


First Line:
Shahn, Ben (1898-1969), an American painter, tried through his art to communicate with people and influence their thinking and emotions.


First Line:
Shaka, (1787?-1828), was a great Zulu leader who founded a powerful kingdom in southern Africa.


First Line:
Shaken baby syndrome is a pattern of severe injuries that can occur when an adult or older child violently shakes an infant.


First Line:
Shakers are members of a Christian sect officially named the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing.


First Line:
Shakespeare, William (1564-1616), was an English playwright and poet.


First Line:
Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that is formed by the compression of muds.


First Line:
Shallot, is a vegetable that looks and tastes like an onion.


First Line:
Shaman, is a person considered to have powers that come from direct contact with the supernatural, often in dreams or trances.


First Line:
Shamir, Yitzhak, (1915-...), served as prime minister of Israel from October 1983 to September 1984, and from October 1986 to July 1992.


First Line:
Shamrock is a type of small herb with leaves made up of three leaflets.


First Line:
Shang, dynasty was the earliest known Chinese dynasty (family of rulers).


First Line:
Shanghai, (pop. 8,205,598), is the largest city in China and a center of industry, trade, and finance.


First Line:
Shanker, Albert (1928-1997), was president of the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) from 1974 until his death.


First Line:
Shannon, River, is the longest river and chief waterway of the Republic of Ireland.


First Line:
Shapiro, Karl Jay (1913-2000), was an American poet.


First Line:
Shapley, Harlow (1885-1972), was an American astronomer.


First Line:
Sharaku, was a great Japanese artist of the late 1700's.


First Line:
Shark is a meat-eating fish and one of the most feared sea animals.


First Line:
Shasta Dam, located on the Sacramento River 9 miles (14 kilometers) northwest of Redding, Calif., is one of the highest concrete dams in the United States.


First Line:
Shavuot, is a Jewish festival that celebrates the day the Ten Commandments--the foundation of Jewish written and oral law--were revealed to Moses on Mount Sinai.


First Line:
Shaw, Anna Howard (1847-1919), was an American leader in the campaign for women's rights.


First Line:
Shaw, George Bernard (1856-1950), an Irish-born playwright, critic, and essayist, became one of the most famous writers of the 1900's.


First Line:
Shaw, Irwin (1913-1984), was an American novelist, short-story writer, and dramatist.


First Line:
Shawn, Ted (1891-1972), was a pioneer in establishing the role of the male dancer in America.


First Line:
Shawnee Indians lived in the Eastern and Midwestern United States.


First Line:
Shawnee Prophet (1775?-1837?) was a Shawnee Indian religious leader.


First Line:
Shays's Rebellion was a revolt by debtor farmers and their families that took place in Massachusetts in 1786 and 1787.


First Line:
Shearwater is the name of a group of sea birds that live in the oceans.


First Line:
Sheeler, Charles (1883-1965), was an American painter and photographer.


First Line:
Sheen, Fulton John (1895-1979), became one of the best-known spokesmen for the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church in the world.


First Line:
Sheep are among the most important animals that people have tamed because they provide both food and clothing.


First Line:
Sheepdog is any of a number of breeds of dogs that people use to herd other animals.


First Line:
Sheffield (pop. 500,500; met. area pop. 1,249,300) is an industrial city in north-central England.


First Line:
Shehan, Lawrence Joseph Cardinal (1898-1984), was an American religious leader.


First Line:
Sheik, is an Arabic title referring either to an old and respected man or to the chief of a tribe or village.


First Line:
Shell is an important feature of many animals and plants.


First Line:
Shellac, is the liquid formed of resin flakes which have been dissolved in alcohol.


First Line:
Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft, (1797-1851), was an English author.


First Line:
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, (1792-1822), was one of the great English lyric poets.


First Line:
Shelter is a structure or a natural feature that provides protection against bad weather, danger, or insect pests.


First Line:
Shelterbelt, sometimes called a windbreak, is one or more rows of trees or shrubs planted to protect soil, livestock, and rural homes from the wind.


First Line:
Shenandoah, National Park lies in the heart of the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia.


First Line:
Shenandoah, River flows chiefly through the Shenandoah Valley between the Blue Ridge and Allegheny mountains in northern Virginia.


First Line:
Shenandoah, Valley is a beautiful rolling area in northern Virginia.


First Line:
Shenyang, (pop. 4,655,280), also called Mukden, is the capital of Liaoning Province in China.


First Line:
Shepard, Alan Bartlett, Jr. (1923-1998), became the first American in space. On May 5, 1961, astronaut Shepard rocketed 117 miles (188 kilometers) into space from Cape Canaveral, Florida.


First Line:
Shepard, Sam (1943-...), is an important American playwright and motion-picture actor.


First Line:
Sheraton, Thomas (1751-1806), was an English furniture designer.


First Line:
Sherbrooke (pop. 76,786) is the trading center of a rich agricultural and industrial region in southern Quebec.


First Line:
Sheridan, Philip Henry (1831-1888), was a leading Union general in the American Civil War (1861-1865).


First Line:
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley (1751-1816), was an Irish dramatist and politician.


First Line:
Sheriff, in the United States, is one of the chief administrative officers of a county.


First Line:
Sherman, James Schoolcraft (1855-1912), served as vice president of the United States from 1909 to 1912 under President William Howard Taft.


First Line:
Sherman, John (1823-1900), was an American statesman.


First Line:
Sherman, Roger (1721-1793), was the only person who signed all four of these great documents: the Articles of Association (1774), the Declaration of Independence (1776), the Articles of Confederation (1777), and the Constitution of the United States (1787


First Line:
Sherman, William Tecumseh (1820-1891), was a leading Union general in the American Civil War (1861-1865).


First Line:
Sherpas, are a people who live mainly in the mountains of the Himalayan range in northeast Nepal.


First Line:
Sherwood, Robert Emmet (1896-1955), was an American playwright, journalist, and biographer who stressed the evils of war in his writings.


First Line:
Shetland Islands make up the northernmost part of the United Kingdom.


First Line:
Shetland pony is a small breed of horse.


First Line:
Shetland sheepdog, also called the sheltie, is considered one of the most beautiful of all herding dogs.


First Line:
Shevardnadze, Eduard Amvrosiyevich (1928-...), was elected president of the country of Georgia in 1995.


First Line:
Shevchenko, Taras, (1814-1861), was a Ukrainian patriot who became Ukraine's most famous poet.


First Line:
Shi Huangdi, (259?-210 B.C.), also spelled Shih Huang-ti, was a Chinese emperor who founded the Qin dynasty (221-206 B.C.).


First Line:
Shiba inu, is a small dog that originated thousands of years ago in Japan.


First Line:
Shield was the chief means of personal protection in war from earliest times until the invention of firearms during the 1300's.


First Line:
Shields, James (1806-1879), served as governor of the Oregon Territory and as a brigadier general of volunteers in the Mexican and Civil wars.


First Line:
Shih Tzu, is a breed of small dog that originated in China.


First Line:
Shiites, are the followers of the Shiah division of the Islamic religion.


First Line:
Shilling was a coin in the British money system.


First Line:
Shingles is a painful disease in which a rash with small clusters of blisters forms on the skin.


First Line:
Shinn, Everett (1876-1953), was an American painter and illustrator.


First Line:
Shinto, is the oldest surviving religion of Japan.


First Line:
Ship is one of the oldest and most important means of transportation.


First Line:
Ship, Model, is a small copy of a full-sized ship or boat.


First Line:
Shipley, Jenny (1952-...), was prime minister of New Zealand from 1997 to 1999.


First Line:
Shipworm is a wormlike marine animal that bores into wood.


First Line:
Shipwreck is the accidental destruction or loss of a ship.


First Line:
Shire, was an early geographical division of England.


First Line:
Shirley, William (1694-1771), served as colonial governor of Massachusetts from 1741 to 1756.


First Line:
Shiva, is one of the two leading gods of Hinduism.


First Line:
Shock is a dangerous condition that can occur if the blood fails to circulate properly in the body.


First Line:
Shock absorber is a device that reduces shock or concussion.


First Line:
Shock treatment is a type of therapy for patients with serious mental illnesses.


First Line:
Shock wave is a sharp, intense disturbance or wave in a medium, such as air, water, or even the interior of a star.


First Line:
Shockley, William (1910-1989), an American physicist, was one of the inventors of the transistor.


First Line:
Shoebill is a large bird that many scientists believe is related to the stork.


First Line:
Shoemaker, Bill (1931-...), ranks among America's greatest jockeys.


First Line:
Shogun, was the title of the warrior rulers who led Japan from the late 1100's to the mid-1800's.


First Line:
Sholes, Christopher Latham, (1819-1890), an American inventor and journalist, helped develop the first practical typewriter.


First Line:
Sholokhov, Mikhail, (1905-1984), a Soviet writer, received the Nobel Prize for literature in 1965.


First Line:
Shoplifting is the crime of stealing merchandise from a store while pretending to be a customer.


First Line:
Shopping center is a group of stores built as a unit with on-site parking.


First Line:
Shoran, an abbreviation for short range navigation, is an electronic system used for short-range aerial navigation.


First Line:
Shore Patrol is the police department of the United States Navy.


First Line:
Short story is a work of fiction that is shorter than a novel or novelette.


First Line:
Short waves are radio waves that have wavelengths shorter than those of waves used in amplitude modulation (AM) broadcast transmissions.


First Line:
Shorthand is a method of writing rapidly, using symbols or letters to represent the sounds of words.


First Line:
Shorthand machine is used to record speech rapidly and accurately.


First Line:
Shoshone, Indians, also spelled Shoshoni, once lived in the desert area of what is now eastern Nevada, southern Idaho, and western Utah.


First Line:
Shostakovich, Dimitri, (1906-1975), was the most important Russian composer whose musical education and career took place entirely in the Soviet Union.


First Line:
Shot-put is a test of strength in track and field meets.


First Line:
Shot tower is a structure used to make small shot for firearms.


First Line:
Shotgun is a shoulder gun that fires a cartridge that contains a powder charge and a load of metal pellets, called shot.


First Line:
Shoulder is the part of a person's body between the neck and the arm.


First Line:
Shoup, George Laird (1836-1904), was the first governor of Idaho.


First Line:
Shoveler is the name of four species of small, blue-winged ducks with spoon-shaped bills.


First Line:
Shrapnel was a type of artillery shell invented by Lieutenant (later, Lieutenant General) Henry Shrapnel (1761-1842).


First Line:
Shreveport, (pop. 200,145), is one of the largest cities in Louisiana.


First Line:
Shrew, is a small animal that looks like a sharp-nosed mouse.


First Line:
Shrike is a bird that can be recognized by its strong, slightly hooked beak.


First Line:
Shrimp are delicate shellfish related to crabs and lobsters.


First Line:
Shrine is an object or place sacred to a religion.


First Line:
Shrine, The is a fraternal organization.


First Line:
Shriver, Sargent, (1915-...), was the Democratic nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1972.


First Line:
Shroud of Turin, is a linen cloth that many people believe was the burial cloth of Jesus Christ.


First Line:
Shrove, Tuesday is the day before Ash Wednesday, the beginning of Lent.


First Line:
Shrub is one of the four main groups of plants in terms of size and form.


First Line:
Shuffleboard is a game played on a flat, slick surface.


First Line:
Shulevitz, Uri (1935-...), a book illustrator, won the 1969 Caldecott medal for his illustrations for The Fool of the World and the Flying Ship.


First Line:
Shultz, George Pratt (1920-...), served as secretary of state in the administration of President Ronald Reagan from 1982 to 1989.


First Line:
Shumway, Norman Edward (1923-...), is an American surgeon who gained fame for his pioneering work in heart transplant operations.


First Line:
Sibelius, Jean, (1865-1957), was a Finnish composer.


First Line:
Siberia, is a vast, thinly populated region in northern Asia.


First Line:
Sibyl, was the name ancient Romans gave to any aged woman who could supposedly foretell the future.


First Line:
Sicilies, Kingdom of the Two, was the name of an early kingdom of Italy.


First Line:
Sicily, (pop. 4,966,386), is an Italian island in the central Mediterranean Sea.


First Line:
Sickle cell anemia, also called sickle cell disease, is a hereditary blood disease.


First Line:
Siddons, Sarah Kemble (1755-1831), was one of England's greatest tragic actresses.


First Line:
Sidereal, time measures the rotation of the earth in relation to the stars.


First Line:
Sidney, Sir Philip (1554-1586), was an English author, courtier, and soldier.


First Line:
Sidon, was an important manufacturing and port city in ancient Phoenicia.


First Line:
Siegbahn, Karl Manne Georg, (1886-1978), a Swedish physicist, received the 1924 Nobel Prize in physics for his work with X rays and a method of analysis called X-ray spectroscopy.


First Line:
Siegfried, was a legendary hero in medieval German literature.


First Line:
Siegfried, Line was the name of two fortified lines of defense established by Germany in the 1900's.


First Line:
Siemens, Sir Charles William (1823-1883), was a German-born engineer, inventor, and industrialist.


First Line:
Siemens, Ernst Werner von (1816-1892), was a German inventor and industrialist who contributed to telegraphy and electric power generation.


First Line:
Sienkiewicz, Henryk, (1846-1916), was a popular Polish novelist.


First Line:
Sierra Club, is an organization in the United States and Canada that works to protect the environment.


First Line:
Sierra Leone, is a small country on Africa's western "bulge," north of the equator.


First Line:
Sierra Madre, is the name of three mountain ranges in Mexico.


First Line:
Sierra Nevada is a huge granite mountain range in eastern California.


First Line:
Sieve of Eratosthenes, is a method developed in the 200's B.C. by the Greek mathematician Eratosthenes for identifying prime numbers.


First Line:
Sieyes, Emmanuel Joseph (1748-1836), was a leader of the French Revolution (1789-1799).


First Line:
Sigismund, (1368-1437), was Holy Roman emperor from 1410 until his death.


First Line:
Sigma Xi, is an honorary scientific society.


First Line:
Sign language is a language of gestures and hand symbols.


First Line:
Signaling is one way of passing information from one person or place to another.


First Line:
Sigurd, is the Scandinavian name for the legendary German hero Siegfried.


First Line:
Sikhism, is one of the religions of India.


First Line:
Sikkim, is an Indian state tucked away in the towering mountains of south-central Asia.


First Line:
Sikorsky, Igor Ivanovich, (1889-1972), an aircraft designer and manufacturer, pioneered in multiengine airplanes, helicopters, and transoceanic flying boats.


First Line:
Silesia, is a region in southwestern Poland, eastern Germany, and the northern part of the Czech Republic.


First Line:
Silica, is silicon dioxide, a chemical compound consisting of silicon and oxygen.


First Line:
Silica gel, is a sandlike substance widely used as a demoisturizer.


First Line:
Silicate, is any of a group of minerals that contain silicon, oxygen, and one or more metallic elements.


First Line:
Silicon, is a hard, dark gray nonmetallic element.


First Line:
Silicone, is any of a group of synthetic materials.


First Line:
Silicosis is a lung disease caused by inhaling crystalline silica dust.


First Line:
Silk is a strong, shiny fiber (threadlike substance) that is used to make cloth.


First Line:
Silk Road was a group of ancient trade routes that connected China and Europe.


First Line:
Silky terrier is a small dog developed about 1900 in Australia.


First Line:
Silliman, Benjamin (1779-1864), a leading American educator and scientist, founded the American Journal of Science in 1818.


First Line:
Sillimanite, is a mineral that is brown, pale green, or white, and has a glassy luster.


First Line:
Sills, Beverly (1929-...), an American singer, became one of the most popular operatic sopranos of the 1960's and 1970's.


First Line:
Silo is a storage bin for chopped plants and grains.


First Line:
Silt is a fine-grained or muddy material made up of tiny particles of rock that settle at the bottom of rivers and other bodies of water.


First Line:
Silver nitrate, is a chemical used in medicine and industry.


First Line:
Silverfish is a small, wingless insect found in cool, damp places.


First Line:
Simenon, Georges, (1903-1989), a Belgian-born author, created the fictional detective Jules Maigret, an inspector with the Paris police.


First Line:
Simhat Torah, is a Jewish festival of rejoicing in the Torah, or Law.


First Line:
Simile, is a figure of speech used in describing or explaining something.


First Line:
Simon, Herbert Alexander (1916-2001), was an American scientist known for his work in economics, psychology, and computer science.


First Line:
Simon, Neil (1927-...), is an American playwright.


First Line:
Simon, Paul (1941-...), is an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist.


First Line:
Simon, Saint, was one of the 12 apostles of Jesus Christ.


First Line:
Simon, William Edward (1927-2000), served as secretary of the treasury of the United States from 1974 to 1977.


First Line:
Simone Martini, (about 1285-1344), was an Italian painter.


First Line:
Simplon, Pass and Tunnel are important gateways through the Swiss Alps.


First Line:
Simpson, Alan Kooi (1931-...), a Wyoming Republican, was elected to the United States Senate in 1978 and reelected in 1984 and 1990.


First Line:
Simpson, Sir George (1787?-1860), served as governor of the North American territories of the Hudson's Bay Company from 1826 to 1860.


First Line:
Simpson and his donkey became famous for helping wounded Allied soldiers during the Anzac campaign at Gallipoli during World War I (1914-1918).


First Line:
Simpson, O. J. (1947-...), ranks as one of the greatest running backs in football history. He was noted for his speed and his ability to dodge tacklers.


First Line:
Sinai, Peninsula is the part of Egypt that lies east of the Suez Canal and the Gulf of Suez and borders western Israel.


First Line:
Sinatra, Frank (1915-1998), ranks among the most famous singers in the history of popular music.


First Line:
Sinclair, Sir Clive (1940-...), a British company director, was a pioneer in the development and manufacture of microelectronic equipment.


First Line:
Sinclair, Upton (1878-1968), was an American writer and reformer.


First Line:
Sing Sing is the name of a state prison in Ossining, New York.


First Line:
Singapore is a small island country in Southeast Asia.


First Line:
Singapore is the capital of the country of Singapore.


First Line:
Singer, Isaac Bashevis (1904-1991), a Polish-born author, won the 1978 Nobel Prize for literature.


First Line:
Singer, Isaac Merrit (1811-1875), an American inventor and manufacturer, did more than anyone else to make the sewing machine a universal household appliance.


First Line:
Singing is the production of musical tones by the human voice with or without words.


First Line:
Sinn Fein, is an Irish nationalist political party.


First Line:
Sinus, is a cavity in the bodies of animals, including human beings.


First Line:
SiouxCity, (pop. 85,013; met. area pop. 124,130), is a commercial and manufacturing center in western Iowa.


First Line:
Sioux Falls, (pop. 123,975; met. area pop. 172,412), is the largest city and leading commercial and livestock center in South Dakota.


First Line:
Sioux, Indians traditionally lived throughout the northern plains of North America.


First Line:
Siphon, is a device used to draw liquid over the edge of a container and transfer it to a lower level.


First Line:
Siqueiros, David (1896-1974), was a Mexican painter famous for his vigorous and colorful murals on political themes.


First Line:
Sirenia, is the name of an order (group) of water mammals related to elephants and hyraxes.


First Line:
Sirens were sea nymphs in Greek mythology who lived on an island.


First Line:
Sirius, also called the Dog Star, is the brightest star that can be seen from the earth at night.


First Line:
Sirocco, is the Italian name for a warm wind that blows northward from the hot, dry Sahara or Arabian Desert.


First Line:
Sisal, also called sisal hemp, is the name of a plant grown for its strong fiber.


First Line:
Sisley, Alfred (1839-1899), was an impressionist artist best known for his landscape paintings.


First Line:
Sistine, Chapel is a famous chapel in the palace of the Vatican in Rome.


First Line:
Sisyphus, was the founder of the city of Corinth in Greek mythology.


First Line:
Sitar, is a stringed instrument that originated in India or Persia.


First Line:
Sitka, Alaska (pop. 8,835), is one of the oldest cities on the west coast of North America.


First Line:
Sitting Bull (1834?-1890) was a famous medicine man and leader of the Hunkpapa band of the Teton Sioux Indians.


First Line:
Sixtus IV (1414-1484) was among the most notorious of the Renaissance popes.


First Line:
Sixtus V (1520-1590) was elected pope of the Roman Catholic Church in 1585.


First Line:
Skagerrak, is an arm of the North Sea that separates Norway from Denmark to the south.


First Line:
Skald, the Icelandic word for poet, refers to the Scandinavian poets of the Middle Ages.


First Line:
Skateboarding is a popular sport and form of recreation in which an individual rides a small, narrow board mounted on four wheels, called a skateboard.


First Line:
Skeena River is one of the most valuable salmon fishing grounds in the world.


First Line:
Skeet is an American form of clay target shooting.


First Line:
Skeleton is the flexible, bony framework of any vertebrate animal.


First Line:
Skelton, John (1460?-1529), was a great satirist during the early part of the reign of the House of Tudor in England.


First Line:
Skepticism was a philosophical movement in ancient Greece.


First Line:
Skew line, in advanced geometry, is a line in space that neither runs parallel to another line nor intersects another line.


First Line:
Skiing is the act of gliding over snow on long, narrow runners called skis.


First Line:
Skimmer is the name for three species of birds that live near oceans, lakes, and other bodies of water.


First Line:
Skin is the organ that covers the bodies of human beings and many other animals.


First Line:
Skin cancer is the world's most common form of cancer.


First Line:
Skin diving is the act of going underwater while holding the breath or while breathing compressed air from tanks.


First Line:
Skin grafting is a surgical method of replacing skin to cover wounds on the body's surface.


First Line:
Skink is any of a large group of small lizards that live in mild and tropical regions.


First Line:
Skinner, B. F. (1904-1990), was an American psychologist best known for his research into the learning process and his belief in a planned society. Skinner was a leading supporter of programmed instruction, in which the principles of learning determined i


First Line:
Skopje, (pop. 503,449), is the capital of Macedonia, a country in southeastern Europe.


First Line:
Skua, is the name of a group of birds that live for much of the year over the ocean.


First Line:
Skull is the bony frame of the head of human beings and other animals with backbones.


First Line:
Skunk is a small furry animal with distinctive black and white markings.


First Line:
Skunk cabbage is a soft-stemmed plant found in low swamps in eastern and central North America.


First Line:
Sky is the region of space visible from the earth.


First Line:
Skydiving is a sport in which one or more people jump from an airplane and fall freely before opening a parachute.


First Line:
Skye terrier is one of the oldest terrier breeds.


First Line:
Skyscraper is the name given to the world's tallest buildings.


First Line:
Slag is the nonmetallic material removed in the process of making pig iron, and in smelting copper, lead, and other metals.


First Line:
Slander is a spoken untruth that injures a person's reputation.


First Line:
Slang is the use of informal, nonstandard words and phrases in new or unusual ways.


First Line:
Slate is a fine-grained rock that can easily be split into thin slabs.


First Line:
Slater, Samuel (1768-1835), a British textile worker, founded the textile industry in the United States.


First Line:
Slavery is a practice in which people own other people.


First Line:
Slavic, countries are nations where most of the people are Slavs (see Slavs).


First Line:
Slavs, are any of several groups of peoples, most of whom live in eastern Europe.


First Line:
Slayton, Donald Kent (1924-1993), was one of the original seven United States astronauts and a member of the first joint space mission with the Soviet Union.


First Line:
Sled is a vehicle that has parallel runners instead of wheels, so that it can move easily over snow or ice.


First Line:
Sled dog is a dog used to pull sleds across snow and ice in northern regions.


First Line:
Sleep is a period of rest during which the sleeper loses awareness of his or her surroundings.


First Line:
Sleep apnea, is a disorder in which pauses in breathing occur during sleep.


First Line:
Sleeping sickness is a disease that attacks the nervous system and often results in a prolonged sleep.


First Line:
Sleepwalking, also called somnambulism, is a condition during which a partly awakened sleeper performs various physical activities.


First Line:
Sleet consists of transparent, solid grains of ice that are smaller than 5 millimeters (1/5 inch) in diameter.


First Line:
Slidell, John (1793-1871), a Louisiana Democrat, served as United States commissioner to Mexico in 1845 and Confederate commissioner to France during the American Civil War (1861-1865).


First Line:
Slime mold is a tiny, simple fungus that usually grows on decaying wood and moist soil.


First Line:
Sling is one of the most ancient weapons.


First Line:
Slipperwort is the name of a group of about 500 species of shrubby and nonwoody plants whose blossoms are shaped somewhat like slippers.


First Line:
Sloan, John (1871-1951), was an American artist.


First Line:
Sloe, also called blackthorn, is a spiny, branching shrub related to the plum.


First Line:
Slot machine is a mechanical gambling device.


First Line:
Sloth, is the common name of a family of South American animals which have a slow and peculiar way of moving.


First Line:
Sloth, bear is a big, shaggy animal with a mane of fur around its neck and shoulders.


First Line:
Slovakia is a country in central Europe.


First Line:
Slovenia, is a small, mountainous country in central Europe that declared its independence in 1991.


First Line:
Slug is a kind of snail that usually has no shell.


First Line:
Small Business Administration (SBA), an independent agency of the United States government, promotes and protects the interests of small business companies.


First Line:
Small-claims court is a city or state court that handles minor lawsuits involving claims ranging up to $5,000.


First Line:
Smallpox has been one of the most feared diseases in history.


First Line:
Smalls, Robert (1839-1915), was an African American who became a Union hero during the Civil War (1861-1865).


First Line:
Smart card is a plastic card embedded with at least one computer chip.


First Line:
Smartweed is an annual plant that grows as a weed in North America.


First Line:
Smell is one of the most important and basic senses in animals and human beings.


First Line:
Smelling salts are used to relieve faintness and headaches.


First Line:
Smelt is the name of a family of silvery fishes found in cool waters of the Northern Hemisphere.


First Line:
Smelting is a method by which metals are taken from their original ore.


First Line:
Smetana, Bedrich, (1824-1884), was a Czech composer.


First Line:
Smilax, is the name of a group of woody or nonwoody vines that have hardy, sometimes thick roots and strongly veined leaves.


First Line:
Smith, Adam (1723-1790), is generally regarded as the founder of modern economics.


First Line:
Smith, Alfred Emanuel (1873-1944), was an American political leader.


First Line:
Smith, Bessie (1894-1937), became one of the finest blues singers in the history of jazz.


First Line:
Smith, David (1906-1965), was an American sculptor who worked with metals in many forms.


First Line:
Smith, Dean (1931-...), ranks among the greatest coaches in the history of college basketball.


First Line:
Smith, Edmund Kirby (1824-1893), was a Confederate general in the American Civil War.


First Line:
Smith, Emmitt (1969-...), ranks among the leading running backs in professional football.


First Line:
Smith, James (1719?-1806), was a Pennsylvania signer of the Declaration of Independence.


First Line:
Smith, Jedediah Strong (1799-1831), was an American trader and explorer.


First Line:
Smith, John (1580?-1631), was an English soldier and adventurer.


First Line:
Smith, Joseph (1805-1844), was the founder and first president of the Mormon Church, officially called the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.


First Line:
Smith, Margaret Chase (1897-1995), was the first woman to be elected to both houses of the United States Congress.


First Line:
Smith Act, or Alien Registration Act of 1940, makes it a crime to advocate the violent overthrow of the United States government or to belong knowingly to a group advocating it.


First Line:
Smith College, in Northampton, Massachusetts, is the largest private liberal arts college for women in the United States.


First Line:
Smith-Hughes Act provides federal funds to the states for vocational education.


First Line:
Smithson, James (1765-1829), a British scientist, founded the Smithsonian Institution.


First Line:
Smithsonian Institution is a federally chartered nonprofit organization of scientific, educational, and cultural interests headquartered in Washington, D.C. James Smithson, a British scientist, left his fortune to the United States in 1829 to found an est


First Line:
Smoke consists of finely divided solid and liquid particles suspended (held) in a gas.


First Line:
Smoke detector, also called smoke alarm, is a device used in homes and other buildings to warn people of smoke or a fire.


First Line:
Smoking is drawing tobacco smoke from a cigarette, cigar, or pipe into the mouth-and often into the lungs-and puffing it out.


First Line:
Smollett, Tobias George (1721-1771), was one of the great early English novelists.


First Line:
Smooth fox terrier is a small, alert dog originally bred for use in fox hunts.


First Line:
Smuggling is the illegal transportation of people or goods into or out of a country or area.


First Line:
Smut is the name of certain diseases of plants.


First Line:
Smuts, Jan Christiaan (1870-1950), was one of South Africa's greatest statesmen and military leaders.


First Line:
Snail is an animal whose soft body is usually covered with a coiled shell.


First Line:
Snake is an animal with a long, legless body covered by dry scales.


First Line:
Snake charming is an ancient form of entertainment in northern Africa, and in India, Pakistan, and other parts of southern Asia.


First Line:
Snake dance is a sacred ceremony of the Hopi Indians of northeastern Arizona.


First Line:
Snake River is the chief branch of the Columbia River.


First Line:
Snakebite is the wound made by the fangs of a poisonous snake or the teeth of a nonpoisonous one.


First Line:
Snakeroot is the name of several very different flowering plants that grow in prairies and woodlands.


First Line:
Snapdragon is a group of hardy plants with colorful flowers.


First Line:
Snapper is any of about 185 species of food fishes that live in tropical parts of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.


First Line:
Snead, Sam (1912-...), won more tournaments than any other American golfer.


First Line:
Sneezing is a sudden and violent rush of air out through the nose and mouth.


First Line:
Snipe is the name of a group of shore birds related to sandpipers, curlews, and plovers.


First Line:
Snoring is rough, noisy breathing that occurs during sleep.


First Line:
Snorri Sturluson (1179-1241) was a great medieval Icelandic poet and historian.


First Line:
Snow is a form of precipitation that consists of crystals of ice.


First Line:
Snow, C. P. (1905-1980), was an Englishman of many talents who was most famous as a novelist. He was also a scientist, government official, and lecturer.


First Line:
Snow blindness is a temporary decrease in vision caused by bright sunlight reflected from snow.


First Line:
Snow bunting, also called snowflake, is a sparrowlike bird of the Far North.


First Line:
Snow leopard, also called ounce, is a member of the cat family that lives in cold regions of central Asia.


First Line:
Snow line is the lower edge of the permanent snow fields found on upper mountain slopes.


First Line:
Snowball, also called European cranberry bush or Guelder rose, is a handsome shrub of the honeysuckle family.


First Line:
Snowboarding is a popular winter sport that resembles surfing or skateboarding on snow.


First Line:
Snowdrop is the name of a group of flowering plants native to Europe, the Middle East, and western Asia.


First Line:
Snowmobiling is a popular wintertime activity in which one or two people ride in a motorized sled over ice and snow.


First Line:
Snowshoe is a device used for walking over snow.


First Line:
Snowshoe hare is a medium-sized hare that lives in North America.


First Line:
Snuff is a moist or dry powder made from the leaves of the tobacco plant.


First Line:
Soap Box Derby is a coasting race for small motorless racing cars.


First Line:
Soap opera is daily serial melodrama that originated in the United States on daytime radio and then became popular on daytime television.


First Line:
Soap plant is a tall herb of California that reaches a height of about 8 feet (2.4 meters).


First Line:
Soapberry is the name of 13 species of trees or shrubs found in tropical and subtropical areas of Asia and North and South America, and on islands in the Pacific Ocean.


First Line:
Soapstone, also known as steatite, is a soft rock composed mostly of the mineral talc.


First Line:
Soccer is the world's most popular sport.


First Line:
Social change refers to any significant change in the structure of society.


First Line:
Social class is a group of persons in a society that have about the same social standing.


First Line:
Social Darwinism is the belief that people in society compete for survival and that superior individuals, social groups, and races become powerful and wealthy.


First Line:
Social psychology is the study of the psychological basis of people's relationships with one another.


First Line:
Social role is a set of relationships between a person and members of his or her circle.


First Line:
Social science. Scholars generally identify three categories of knowledge: (1) the natural sciences and mathematics, (2) the humanities, and (3) the social sciences.


First Line:
Social security is a government program that helps workers and retired workers and their families achieve a degree of economic security.


First Line:
Social Security Administration (SSA), an independent agency of the United States government, administers the nation's Social Security program.


First Line:
Social studies is a program of study in elementary and high school.


First Line:
Social work is a profession that administers a wide range of social services and programs.


First Line:
Social Workers, National Association of, is a professional organization devoted to the improvement of social work practices and standards.


First Line:
Socialism refers to economic and political arrangements that emphasize public or community ownership of productive property.


First Line:
Socialization, in the behavioral sciences, refers to the complex process by which individuals come to learn and perform behavior expected of them by society.


First Line:
Society for the Advancement of Education was organized in 1939 to publish information on problems and trends in education.


First Line:
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) is the name of many organizations throughout the world that work to foster and promote animal welfare.


First Line:
Society Islands is a group of islands located in the Pacific Ocean.


First Line:
Sociobiology is the study of the biological basis for the social behavior of human beings and other animals.


First Line:
Sociology is the study of the individuals, groups, and institutions that make up human society.


First Line:
Socrates, (about 470-399 B.C.), was a Greek philosopher and teacher.


First Line:
Sod house is a house with walls built of blocks of sod or turf in horizontal layers.


First Line:
Soda is the common name for a group of compounds that contain sodium.


First Line:
Soddy, Frederick (1877-1956), a British chemist, received the 1921 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research on atomic structure.


First Line:
Sodium is a silvery-white metallic element that has many important uses.


First Line:
Sodom and Gomorrah, were two Biblical cities located near the Dead Sea.


First Line:
Sofia, (pop. 1,114,925), is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria, and the country's chief economic and cultural center.


First Line:
Soft-coated wheaten terrier is a breed of dog that originated in Ireland.


First Line:
Soft drink is a flavored, nonalcoholic beverage prepared with carbonated water.


First Line:
Softball is a popular game throughout the world.


First Line:
Soil is an important natural resource that covers much of the earth's land surface.


First Line:
Soil bank was a United States federal government program designed to reduce crop surpluses by taking croplands out of production from 1 to 10 years.


First Line:
Soil Conservation Service was an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture from 1935 to 1994.


First Line:
Sokol, is an international organization that stresses physical fitness and moral strength.


First Line:
Solanum, is an important group of plants in the nightshade family.


First Line:
Solar energy is a term that usually means the direct use of sunlight to produce heat or electric power.


First Line:
Solar plexus is a common name for the celiac plexus, network of nerves in back of the stomach.


