Executive Committee

Robert C. Martin, President, World Book Direct Marketing and World Book School & Library Division

Michael Ross, Executive Vice President, Publisher, World Book, Inc.

J. Bernard Rice, General Manager, Reference Software, Consumer Division, IBM

James M. Ebetino, Division Counsel, Consumer Division, IBM

Tim Guster, General Counsel, The Scott Fetzer Company

James E. Reynolds, World Book Brand Marketing Executive, IBM

John Fallon, World Book/IBM Program Manager, IBM

Product Management

IBM Consumer Division

Neil L. Holman, Ph.D., Executive Producer

Allen Konieczka, Senior Producer

Jennifer De Vries, Producer

James Kolanowski, System Operations

Dawn Albin, Production Manager

World Book Electronic Products Group

Garrett Ellison, Director

D. Leigh Daeuble, Manager, Database Production

Dawn Bueneman, Associate Producer

Jason Moser, Production Coordinator

IBM Interactive Media

Bruce Culbert, Director, Interactive Media Consulting & Services

Ken Lawler, Executive Producer

Mark Cohen, Senior Producer

Irenie Poitras, Producer

Design

JMC Studios, Inc.

Jim McGreal, Principal Designer

Kurt Heintz

Pat McCarthy

Fred Hickler

World Book Advisory Board

William H. Nault, A.B., M.A., Ed.D., Litt.D. LL.D., L.D.O.

Chairman of Advisory Board and Former Publisher, World Book, Inc.

Andrew B. Gonzalez, A.B., M.A., Ph.D., Litt.D.

President

De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines

Dató Isahak Haron, B.A., Dip.Ed., M.Ed., Ph.D.

Professor, Department of Pedagogy and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education

University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Dame Leonie Kramer, A.C., D.B.E., B.A., M.A., D.Phil., D.Litt., LL.D.

Emeritus Professor and Chancellor

The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

K. N. Panikkar, M.A., Ph.D.

Chairman, Archives on Contemporary History, and Professor of Modern History

Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

Mohammed A. Rasheed, B.A., M.S., Ph.D.

Minister of Education, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and

Emeritus Professor of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Sir William Taylor, C.B.E., B.Sc.Econ., Ph.D., LL.D., D.Sc., Ed.D., D.C.L., D.Litt., D.Univ., F.C.P.

President, Society for Research in Higher Education and

Emeritus Research Fellow, Institute of Education, University of London, England

Scott L. Waugh, B.A., Ph.D.

Dean of Social Sciences and Professor of History

University of California, Los Angeles, California

World Book Editorial Consultants

Mary Alice Anderson, B.S., M.A.

Media Specialist, Winona (Minn.) Middle School

David J. Bercuson, B.A., M.A., Ph.D.

Professor of History, University of Calgary

Lawrence C. Bliss, B.S., M.S., Ph.D.

Emeritus Professor of Botany, University of Washington

Marianna Anderson Busch, B.A., Ph.D.

Professor and Chair, Department of Chemistry, Baylor University

Maria Luisa Crawford, A.B., Ph.D.

Professor of Geology, Bryn Mawr College

Anne Innis Dagg, B.A., M.A., Ph.D.

Academic Advisor, Independent Studies, University of Waterloo (Ont.)

Herbert J. Ellison, B.A., M.A., Ph.D.

Professor of Russian History, Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington

Homer D. C. Garcia, B.A., M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D.

Professor of Sociology, Baylor University

C. Anderson Hedberg, M.D.

Associate Professor of Medicine, Rush-Presbyterian-St. LukeÆs Medical Center and Rush Medical College

Alan E. Mann, B.A., M.A., Ph.D.

Professor of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania

Donald Glenn Marshall, A.B., M.Phil., Ph.D.

Professor and Head of English, University of Illinois at Chicago

Catherine Murphy, B.S., M.L.S., D.L.S.

Assistant Professor, School of Library and Information Sciences, University of North Texas

Jay M. Pasachoff, A.B., A.M., Ph.D.

Field Memorial Professor of Astronomy and Director, Hopkins Observatory of Williams College

Robert B. Prigo, B.S., M.S., Ph.D.

Professor of Physics, Middlebury College

Michael Seidel, B.A., M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D.

Professor, Department of English and Comparative Literature, Columbia University

Whitney Smith, A.M., A.B., Ph.D.

Director, The Flag Research Center

Ivan Soll, A.B., Ph.D.

Professor of Philosophy, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Marilyn Stokstad, B.A., M.A., Ph.D.

Judith Harris Murphy Distinguished Professor of Art History, University of Kansas

Robert Wedgeworth, A.B., M.S.

University Librarian and Professor of Library Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

World Book International

Howard Timms, Managing Editor

Moire Lennox, CD-ROM Manager

World Book International - London

Editorial

Executive Editor

Jeff Groman

Assistant Managing Editors

Martha Bremser

Lloyd Lindo

New Article Editor

Alison Coles

Senior Editor

Francesca Mitchell

Staff Editors

Will Kragh

Wendy Lane

Casey Nolan

Jeremiah Steele

Research Services

Cathy Johns

Barbara Vossel

International Library Advisor

Martha Baker

Special Assignment Editors

James E. Davis

William Gould

Katherine Lubar

Venessa Murphy

Richard Shaw

Proofreader

Anthony F. Germing

Indexers

Marilyn A. Timms, Head

Carole Taylor

Russell Webb

Computer Services

Shikoh Khan, Head

Picture Editor

Janet Moore

Picture Researcher

Jennifer Johnson

Support Staff

Sylvia Vargas

CD-ROM Production

Administrator

Hannah Phillips

Sounds Editor

Bridget Martyn

Dictionary

William Gould

Text Editors

Eileen Cadman

James Edge

Joseph Harris

Andrew Macpherson

Casey Nolan

Judith Sheppard

On-line Group

Catherine Riley

Marilyn Timms

Support Staff

Sara Creighton

Susan Mary Foster

Judith Harding

Enrique Lavado

Robert Overend

Derek Thomas

World Book Publishing - Chicago

Editorial

Vice President and Editor in Chief

Robert J. Janus

Executive Editor

Dale W. Jacobs

Managing Editors

Sara Dreyfuss

Warren Silver

Subject Editors

Timothy Falk

Brad Finger

Sally T. Halderman

Barbara Lanctot

Jay Myers

James J. Norton

Michael B. Schuldt

Thomas J. Wrobel

Daniel O. Zeff

Text Editors

Megan Caras

Daniel Marotta

Marissa Morrison

Statistical Services

Jay Powers, Head

Cartographic Services

H. George Stoll, Head

Wayne K. Pichler, Manager, Cartographic Database

Susan E. Ryan

Research Services

Lynn Durbin

Cheryl Graham

Karen A. McCormack

Loranne K. Shields

Mitchell C. Bassler

Nicholas V. Kilzer

Indexing Services

David Pofelski, Head

Pam Hori

Library Services

Jon Fjortoft, Head

Permissions

Janet T. Peterson

Online Group

Darlene Stille, Executive Editor

Mark Dunbar, Online Editor

David Dreier

Tim Frystak

Jay Lenn

Jennifer Parello

Al Smuskiewicz

Scott Thomas

Peter Uremovic

Kristina Vaicikonis

Support Staff

Rose M. Barberio

Jerrisu Bocian

Teresa Dunne

Barbara Hoffman

Curley Hunter

Gwendolyn Johnson

Carmen Jusino

Ethel Matthews

Stephanie Tunney

Art

Roberta Dimmer, Executive Director

Don DiSante

Sandra M. Dyrlund

Thomas B. Kinney

Julie Laffin

Melanie J. Lawson

Isaiah W. Sheppard, Jr.

Wilma Stevens

John Whitney

Manufacturing/Pre-Press

Sandra Van den Broucke, Director

Audrey Casey

Carma Fazio

Debra Gill

Randi Park

Janice Rossing

Network Services

Richard B. Zinn

Proofreaders

Anne Dillon

Carol Seymour

Freelancers

David Gould

Lisa Klobuchar

Kelly Mountain

Dan Osborn

Carol Parden

World Book, Inc.

Paul Kobasa, Director, Product Development

Joseph Vrankin, Director, Sales and Marketing

Matt Rosa, Marketing

Amy Varesco, Marketing

Carolyn Hensley, Marketing

Bev Ecker, Media Relations

Melissa Tucker, World Book International, Senior Editor

IBM Corp.

IBM Multimedia Studio

Richard P. LeVee

Scott Lester

Anthony N. Magistrale

Ferrell Nolan

Karen Paulk

Stacey Schwartz

John Stacey

Mark Williams

IBM Interactive Media

Internet Software Engineers

Sean T. Murray, Lead Architect

Anthony M. Lavey, Jr.

Kimberly S. Murray

John Pisello

Graphics Production

Timothy Q. Mercer

Karolina A. McLean

Turning Point Software

Testing and Quality Control

Cindy Goh, Lead Tester

Summer Burrus

Casey Bell

Debra Benoit

Carleen Mammone

Roger Proctor

Anne Clinton

Jim Little

Lauri Mackinnon

Ryan Harris

Carol Kennedy

1999 World Book software was developed for World Book, Inc. by IVID Communications, Inc., San Diego, California.

IVID Communications, Inc.

Jack Spiegelberg, President and CEO

Janita Taylor, Project Manager

Software Engineers

Stanford Easley, Lead Software Engineer and System Architect

Paul Czerner, Lead Software Engineer

Christopher Littlefield

Greg Taylor

Nicole Vjaters

Lee Waggoner

Data Preparation

Brad Ayers, Lead Data Preparation Specialist

Patricia Riley

Claudia Lowenstein

Graphics Production

Patty Webster

Test Team

Patricia Riley, Quality Assurance Manager

Nawal Bengholam

Racine Blevins

Christina Helmke

Ann Marie Jordan

Darren Licht

Various simulations created by Applied Research Associates, Inc.

Applied Research Associates, Inc.

Robert H. Sues, Ph.D., Project Manager, Technical Design

Graham S. Rhodes, Project Manager, Lead Software Engineer

Steven L. Butler, Lead Artist

Peter R. Montpellier

Kanchana

Mark D. Smith

Mao Kang Su, Ph.D.

Andrew C. Steckley, Ph.D.

Rodney L. Walker

Dirk B. Warnaar, Ph.D.

HeLai Yao, Ph.D.

Audio and video compression and 3D animations provided by Peak Image Communications, Inc.

Peak Image Communications, Inc.

Ken Jerome, Video Compression

Dan Swartz, Media Coordination

Eric Sherpan, 3D Animation

Tom Hepburn, 3D Animation

Brian Basilico, Audio Recording and Compression

Various animations created by Engineering Animations, Inc.

Cyber Safari: All materials within Cyber Safari were developed or selected in cooperation with the Zoological Society of San Diego ("ZSSD").

Zoological Society of San Diego

Allison Alberts, Ph.D.

Barbara Ayers

Robert Baracz

Don Boyer

Natasha Collura

Nancy Czekala

Tershia DÆElgin

Kathi Diamant

Lena Doyle

Barbara Durrant, Ph.D.

Joan Embery & Duane Pillsbury

Inigo Figuracion

Jeff Fuller

Ron Gordon-Garrison

Toni Giezendanner

Linda Hennes

Georgeanne Irvine

Paul Jarand

Marvin Jones

Ken Kelley

Jane Kennedy

Karen Killmar

John Kincaid

Mike Kobert

Laurie Krusinski

Ed Lewin

Donald Lindburg, Ph.D.

Michael Mace

Kathy Marmack

John Michel

Barbara Moran

Wendy Motteler, Esq.

Melanie Nickel

Jim Oosterhuis, D.V.M.

Amy Parrott

Carmi Penny

Cynthia Queen

Martin Ramirez

Readable Writing by Sydney Donohoe

Dave Rimlinger

Ron Ringer

Oliver Ryder, Ph.D.

Beth Sandler

Tom Scharf

Tom Schultz

Mary Sekulovich

Peggy Sexton

Kris Sheridan

Sheri Augst-Sherman

Curby Simerson

Daniel Simpson

Helena Fitch-Snyder

Michele Stancer

Donald Sterner

Gaylene Thomas

Bill Toone

Dee Anne Traitel

And to everyone else who helped make the Cyber Safari project possible.

Various animations & videos produced by:

Elizabeth Azar

Clare Boger

Brad Buttram

Bob Clark

Chad Cameron

Mark Cohen

Bryan Coles

Steve Gilbert

Daniel Gill

Marti Griffin

Mary Jobson

Michael McCrystal

Michael McCurdy

Phillip OÆNeill

John Park

Alan Queen

Jarrod Roberson

Lenny Shkirenko

Sonja Vass

Sharon Wasserman

Field Production

Marvell Pictures, Inc.

Bob Clark

Monty Greenlee

Thomas Kurtzel

David Parrish

George Reasner