This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
BASIC DOCUMENTATION
perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping,
Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability,
Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant,
Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM
implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular
expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability
perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, the perlfaq1 manpage: General Questions
About Perl, the perlfaq2 manpage: Obtaining and Learning about Perl, the perlfaq3 manpage:
Programming Tools, the perlfaq4 manpage: Data Manipulation, the perlfaq5 manpage: Files and
Formats, the perlfaq6 manpage: Regexps, the perlfaq7 manpage: General Perl Language Issues,
the perlfaq8 manpage: System Interaction, the perlfaq9 manpage: Networking
Where to get this document
How to contribute to this document
What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the authors
Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
Does perl have a round function?What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions?
How do I convert bits into ints?
How do I multiply matrices?
How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
How can I output Roman numerals?
Why aren't my random numbers random?
Data: Dates
How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
How can I compare two date strings?
How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
How can I find the Julian Day?
Does Perl have a year 2000 problem?
Data: Strings
How do I validate input?
How do I unescape a string?
How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
How do I expand function calls in a string?
How do I find matching/nesting anything?
How do I reverse a string?
How do I expand tabs in a string?
How do I reformat a paragraph?
How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?
How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside [character]? (Comma-separated files)
How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
How do I extract selected columns from a string?
How do I find the soundex value of a string?
How can I expand variables in text strings?
What's wrong with always quoting $vars?
Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
the tag
Data: Arrays
What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
How can I extract just the unique elements of an array?
a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:, b) If you don't know
whether @in is sorted:, c) Like (b), but @in contains only small integers:,
d) A way to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in
contains only small positive integers:
How can I tell whether an array contains a certain element?
How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays?
How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
How do I handle linked lists?
How do I handle circular lists?
How do I shuffle an array randomly?
How do I process/modify each element of an array?
How do I select a random element from an array?
How do I permute N elements of a list?
How do I sort an array by (anything)?
How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
How do I process an entire hash?
What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it?
How do I look up a hash element by value?
How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
How can I always keep my hash sorted?
What's the difference between delete and undef with hashes?
Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it?
How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays?
How can I use a reference as a hash key?
Data: Misc
How do I handle binary data correctly?
How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
How come exec() doesn't return?
How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
How do I ask the user for a password?
How do I read and write the serial port?
lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
How do I decode encrypted password files?
How do I start a process in the background?
STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
How do I trap control characters/signals?
How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
How do I set the time and date?
How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
How can I measure time under a second?
How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What does the error message Protocol
How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
How can I call backticks without shell processing?
Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?
How can I convert my shell script to perl?
Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
How can I write expect in Perl?
Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as ps?
I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script.How come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?
Unix, VMS
How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?
How do I fork a daemon process?
How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
How do I timeout a slow event?
How do I set CPU limits?
How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
How do I use an SQL database?
How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
How do I open a file without blocking?
How do I install a CPAN module?
How do I keep my own module/library directory?
How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library search path?
How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
How do I get one key from the terminal at a time, under POSIX?
My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can you help me fix it?
How do I remove HTML from a string?
How do I extract URLs?
How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on another machine?
How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
How do I fetch an HTML file?
how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
How do I redirect to another page?
How do I put a password on my web pages?
How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?
How do I parse an email header?
How do I decode a CGI form?
How do I check a valid email address?
How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
How do I return the user's email address?
How do I send/read mail?
How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
How can I do RPC in Perl?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
DESCRIPTION
Supported Environments
Core Changes
List assignment to %ENV works
Can't
Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
$PERL5OPT environment variable
Limitations on -M, -m, and -T options
More precise warnings
Deprecated: Inherited AUTOLOAD for non-methods
Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
Group vector changeable with $)
Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
resetting of $. on implicit close
wantarray may return undef
Changes to tainting checks
No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
New Opcode module and revised Safe module
Embedding improvements
Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
New and changed syntax
$coderef->(PARAMS)
New and changed builtin constants
__PACKAGE__
New and changed builtin variables
$^E, $^H, $^M
New and changed builtin functions
delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, m//gc does not
reset search position on failure, m//x ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
nested sub{} closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
New builtin methods
isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
TIEHANDLE now supported
TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib `dir', use
constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
Modules
Required Updates
Installation directories
Module information summary
Fcntl
IO
Math::Complex
Math::Trig
DB_File
Net::Ping
Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
Utility Changes
pod2html
Sends converted HTML to standard output
xsubpp
void XSUBs now default to returning nothing
C Language API Changes
gv_fetchmethod and perl_call_sv, perl_eval_pv, Extended API for
manipulating hashes
Documentation Changes
the perldelta manpage, the perlfaq manpage, the perllocale manpage, the perltoot manpage, the perlapio manpage,
the perlmodlib manpage, the perldebug manpage, the perlsec manpage
New Diagnostics
``my'' variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s
ref while ``strict refs'' in use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s'
in package `%s', Constant subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s
undefined, Copy method did not return a reference, Died, Exiting
pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long, Illegal character %s (carriage
return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex number,
Integer overflow in octal number, internal error: glob failed, Invalid
conversion in %s: ``%s'', Invalid type in pack: `%s', Invalid type in unpack:
'%s', Name ``%s::%s'' used only once: possible typo, Null picture in
formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during
request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible attempt to put comments in qw()
list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s}
better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s'
overloading `%s' in package `%s', Too late for ``-T'' option, untie
attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized character %s,
Unsupported function fork, Use of ``$$<digit>'' to mean ``${$}<digit>'' is
deprecated, Value of %s can be ``0''; test with defined(), Variable ``%s'' may
be unavailable, Variable ``%s'' will not stay shared, Warning: something's
wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an error from
DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process
terminated by SIG%s
I<THERE IS NO GENERAL RULE FOR CONVERTING A LIST INTO A SCALAR!>
Perl Functions by Category
Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
in perl5
Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America,
South America
Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
Guidelines for Module Creation
Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
README and other Additional Files, A description of the
module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
- what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
care when changing a released module
Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from `
to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out the
reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the `application'
can then be reduced to a small
NOTE
perlform - Perl formats
DESCRIPTION
Format Variables
NOTES
Footers
Accessing Formatting Internals
WARNINGS
perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization)
DESCRIPTION
PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
USING LOCALES
The use locale pragma
The setlocale function
The localeconv function
LOCALE CATEGORIES
Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
LC_TIME
Other categories
SECURITY
Comparison operators (lt, le, ge, gt and cmp):,
Case-mapping interpolation (with \l, \L, \u or <\U>),
Matching operator (m//):, Substitution operator (s///):,
In-memory formatting function (sprintf()):, Output formatting
functions (printf() and write()):, Case-mapping functions (lc(),
lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, POSIX locale-dependent functions
(localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, POSIX character class
tests (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(),
isxdigit()):
ENVIRONMENT
PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC,
LC_TIME, LANG
NOTES
Backward compatibility
I18N:Collate obsolete
Sort speed and memory use impacts
write() and LC_NUMERIC
Freely available locale definitions
I18n and l10n
An imperfect standard
BUGS
Broken systems
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
DESCRIPTION
Symbolic references
Not-so-symbolic references
WARNING
SEE ALSO
perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
DESCRIPTION
arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
more elaborate constructs
REFERENCES
COMMON MISTAKES
CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS use strict
DEBUGGING
CODE EXAMPLES
LISTS OF LISTS
Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS
Generation of a LIST OF LISTS
Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS
HASHES OF LISTS
Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS
Generation of a HASH OF LISTS
Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS
LISTS OF HASHES
Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES
Generation of a LIST OF HASHES
Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES
HASHES OF HASHES
Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
Database Ties
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl
DESCRIPTION
Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists
Growing Your Own
Access and Printing
Slices
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
DESCRIPTION
Creating a Class
Object Representation
Class Interface
Constructors and Instance Methods
Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
Destructors
Other Object Methods
Class Data
Accessing Class Data
Debugging Methods
Class Destructors
Documenting the Interface
Aggregation
Inheritance
Overridden Methods
Multiple Inheritance
UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
Alternate Object Representations
Arrays as Objects
Closures as Objects
AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
Autoloaded Data Methods
Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
Metaclassical Tools
Class::Struct
Data Members as Variables
NOTES
Object Terminology
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT
Acknowledgments
perlobj - Perl objects
DESCRIPTION
An Object is Simply a Reference
A Class is Simply a Package
A Method is Simply a Subroutine
Method Invocation
Default UNIVERSAL methods
isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
Destructors
WARNING
Summary
Two-Phased Garbage Collection
SEE ALSO
perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Tying Scalars
TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
Tying Arrays
TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
DESTROY this
TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
The untie Gotcha
SEE ALSO
BUGS
AUTHOR
perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
DESCRIPTION
OO SCALING TIPS
INSTANCE VARIABLES
SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
THINKING OF CODE REUSE
CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
DELEGATION
perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
DESCRIPTION
Signals
Named Pipes
Using open() for IPC
Filehandles
Background Processes
Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
Safe Pipe Opens
Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
Sockets: Client/Server Communication
Internet TCP Clients and Servers
Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
TCP Clients with IO::Socket
A Simple Client
Proto, PeerAddr, PeerPort
A Webget Client
Interactive Client with IO::Socket
TCP Servers with IO::Socket
Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
UDP: Message Passing
SysV IPC
NOTES
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
perldebug - Perl debugging
DESCRIPTION
The Perl Debugger
Debugger Commands
h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
[expr], <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern],
t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., recallCommand,
ShellBang, pager, tkRunning, signalLevel, warnLevel,
dieLevel, AutoTrace, LineInfo, inhibit_exit, PrintRet,
ornaments, frame, maxTraceLen, arrayDepth, hashDepth,
compactDump, veryCompact, globPrint, DumpDBFiles,
DumpPackages, quote, HighBit, undefPrint, UsageOnly, TTY,
noTTY, ReadLine, NonStop, < [ command ], << command,
> command, >> command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, !
-number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, =
[alias value], command, m expr, m package
Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
callback
Alternate Stack Manipulation
Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
DATE
PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
WARNING
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
AUTHOR
constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTES
TECHNICAL NOTE
BUGS
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
The diagnostics Pragma
The splain Program
EXAMPLES
INTERNALS
BUGS
AUTHOR
integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of double
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC
DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC
RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
overload - Package for overloading perl operations
SYNOPSIS
CAVEAT SCRIPTOR
DESCRIPTION
Declaration of overloaded functions
Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
FALSE, TRUE, undef
Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
Overloadable Operations
Arithmetic operations, Comparison operations, Bit operations,
Increment and decrement, Transcendental functions, Boolean, string
and numeric conversion, Special
Inheritance and overloading
Strings as values of use overload directive, Overloading of an operation
is inherited by derived classes
SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR use overload
Last Resort
Fallback
undef, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
Copy Constructor
Example
MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
Assignment forms of arithmetic operations, Conversion operations,
Increment and decrement, abs($a), Unary minus, Negation,
Concatenation, Comparison operations, Copy operator
Parameters:, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type,
and may be
TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
NETSCAPE COOKIES
1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a ``secure'' flag,
-name, -value, -path, -domain, -expires, -secure
WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES
1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
the <FORM> tag
LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
DEBUGGING
DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
accept(), raw_cookie(), user_agent(), path_info(),
path_translated(), remote_host(), script_name()Return the script
name as a partial URL, for self-refering
scripts, referer(), auth_type (), server_name (), virtual_host
(), server_software (), remote_user (), user_name (),
request_method()
CREATING HTML ELEMENTS
PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
Generating new HTML tags
IMPORTING CGI METHOD CALLS INTO YOUR NAME SPACE
cgi, form, html2, html3, netscape, shortcuts,
standard, all
USING NPH SCRIPTS
In the use statementSimply add ``:nph'' to the list of symbols to be
imported into your script:, By calling the nph() method:, By using
-nph parameters in the header() and redirect() statements:
CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first object available
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Interactive Mode
Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
install, cleanmodules or distributions, readme, look module or
distribution
CPAN::Shell
autobundle
recompile
The 4 Classes: Authors, Bundles, Modules, Distributions
Programmer's interface
expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
Cache Manager
Bundles
Prerequisites
Debugging
Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz
CONFIGURATION
o conf <scalar option>, o conf <scalar option>
<value>, o conf <list option>, o conf <list option>
[shift|pop], o conf <list option> [unshift|push|splice]
<list>
SECURITY
EXPORT
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
The struct() function
Element Types and Accessor Methods
Scalar ('$' or '*$'), Array ('@' or '*@'), Hash ('%' or
'*%'), Class ('Class_Name' or '*Class_Name')
EXAMPLES
Example 1, Example 2
Author and Modification History
Config - access Perl configuration information
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
EXAMPLE
WARNING
NOTE
Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
shdist, make zipdist, make ci
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
MANIFEST.SKIP
EXPORT_OK
GLOBAL VARIABLES
DIAGNOSTICS
Not in MANIFEST:file, No such file:file, MANIFEST:$!,
Added to MANIFEST:file
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic extension
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE
AUTHOR
REVISION
ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
EXPORTED SYMBOLS
File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
EXAMPLES
basename, dirname
File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
RETURN
AUTHOR
File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Special behavior if syscopy is defined (VMS and OS/2)
rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
RETURN
AUTHOR
File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXPORTS (by request only)
BUGS
AUTHOR
HISTORY
SEE ALSO
File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
File::Path - create or remove a series of directories
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHORS
REVISION
File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR
FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles