This program will allow you to discover the fantastic world of the Moon.                                                                        It is divided into four main parts:                                     the GRAPHIC part displays the various lunar sites,  seas,  mountains andcraters;  in the  DATA  part you can  read about the  Moon,  its motion,historical facts and trivia;  the CALCULATION part allows you to computethe ephemerides of the Moon, its phase, its time of setting, culminationand rising, solar and lunar eclipses,  and many other data in real time;the VARIOUS part contains several utilities.                            To use the various parts of the program move around with the  arrow keysand then select with the <Enter> key.                                                                                                           We hope you enjoy yourself.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     You are entering the GRAPHIC mode.                                      You can see a picture of the Moon divided into 25 sectors. Use the arrowkeys to choose any sector you like, zoom in, and read about the craters,the seas and the mountains visible in this sector.                                                                                              Pressing the <F9> key, a list of lunar seas,  mountains,  valleys can beobtained. You can select one of them and have it displayed.                                                                                     Pressing the <F10> key a list of lunar craters can be obtained.  Move upand down the list with the arrow keys and select with the <Enter> key.                                                                          To go back to the previous menu press the <ESC> key.                                                                                            Pressing  the  <F2>  key will  get  you back  to the  main menu from anyenvironment.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    You decided to zoom in on the  Moon.  An enlargement of the lunar sectoryou chose is shown. Various formations are visible on the lunar surface,such as  craters,  seas,  mountains,  valleys.  Whenever some numbers orletters  appear on  the picture,  more information  will be displayed bypressing the  corresponding  keys.  The same result  can be obtained  bypressing the  left mouse  button when  the arrow  is on  the  number  orletter.                                                                 With the <F10> key the list of  lunar formations visible  in this sectoris  displayed.  More  information  will  be  displayed  by  pressing thecorresponding key.                                                                                                                              To go back to the previous menu press the <ESC> key.                                                                                            Pressing  the  <F2>  key will  get  you back  to the  main menu from anyenvironment.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    You are entering the LUNAR PHENOMENA section.                                                                                                   Information about  the most relevant  astronomical phenomena  related tothe Moon, like eclipses,  or related  to events  occurring on  the lunarsurface, like LTP's (Lunar Transient Phenomena).                                                                                                To go back to the previous menu press the <ESC> key.                                                                                            Pressing  the  <F2>  key will  get  you back  to the  main menu from anyenvironment.                                                            You entered the HISTORICAL DATA AND NEWS section.                                                                                               You can ask for historical information  relative to the Moon,  the earlydiscoveries,  the early  explorations  with automatic  spacecrafts,  thehuman landing and so on.                                                                                                                        If you press the <ESC> key you can go back to previous menu.                                                                                    Pressing  the  <F2>  key  will get  you back  to the  main menu from anyenvironment.                                                            You are entering the LUNAR MOTION section.                                                                                                      Information related to the main lunar motions are available.                                                                                    To go back to the previous menu press the <ESC> key.                                                                                            Pressing  the  <F2>  key will  get you  back to  the  main menu from anyenvironment.                                                                                                                                                                                                            The date must be entered in the following format:                       month (MM), day (DD) (two figures each),  year (ñY...).  The sign (+) isfor years A.D. and the sign (-) for years B.C..                                                                                                 The Local Time is the same as the one of your watch.                                                                                            When daylight-saving time is in effect, you must subtract  one hour fromthe time displayed by your watch.  Therefore,  if the time on your watchis 22.30, the corresponding Local Time is 21.30.                                                                                                Longitude and latitude must be the ones of your observing site. You mustenter them in degrees and their decimals.                               Latitudes are positive east of Greenwich and negative west of Greenwich.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        To modify  any of  the entries,  press  the  corresponding key  as shownbelow:                                                                                                                                          L - to modify the longitude of the observing site.  Also  S.T. and  L.T.are  modified,  and  therefore the  apparent position  of the  celestialbodies. E.T. undergoes no change.                                                                                                               T - to modify the latitude of the observing site.                                                                                               D - to change the date and the  geographic coordinates of the  observingsite.                                                                                                                                           To go back to the previous menu press the <ESC> key.                                                                                            Pressing  the  <F2>  key will  get you  back to  the main menu  from anyenvironment.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            To show all solar eclipses in a given year press the  <S> key.  Pressingthe <M> key lunar eclipses are shown.                                                                                                           For each eclipse the program gives:                                                                                                             - the Type, i.e. total, annular, partial, etc. .                                                                                                - the Magnitude, corresponding to  the percentage  of the solar diameterhidden by  the Moon or the lunar diameter  obscured by  the umbra of theEarth. For annular eclipses the value of the magnitude is always 1.                                                                             - the Visibility,  i.e. the  emisphere from  which a  solar  eclipse  isvisible.  For a  lunar  eclipse  the  visibility  is  always  from  bothemispheres.                                                                                                                                     - The Date.                                                                                                                                     - E.T.  (Ephemeris  Time),  which represents a good approximation of thetime of the central phase of the eclipse.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       The  year  must be  preceded  by the  sign (-) if it is  Before  Christ,otherwise no sign is needed.                                                                                                                    Since the year 0 does not exist,  entering the value 0 for the year willyield results for the year 1 A.D..                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              To select one of the options below, press the corresponding key:                                                                                D - to repeat the choice between solar or lunar eclipses,  and to modifythe year.                                                                                                                                       T -  (if it appears)  to view the path of totality on the surface of theEarth.  This option is available only for years between  1000  A.D.  and3000 A.D..                                                                                                                                      Press the <ESC> key to go back to the eclipse menu.                                                                                             Pressing  the  <F2>  key  will get  you back to  the main menu  from anyenvironment.                                                                                                                                    Pressing the <DownArrow> or <UpArrow> key, you can choose the eclipse.  Then you must confirm your choice pressing the <F10> key.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               The Local Time is the same as the one of your watch.                    When daylight-saving time is in effect,  you must subtract one hour fromthe time displayed by your watch.  Therefore,  if the time on your watchis 22.30, the corresponding Local Time is 21.30.                        Longitude and latitude must be the ones of your observing site. You mustenter them in degrees and their decimals.                               Latitudes are positive east of Greenwich and negative west of Greenwich.For each year the program computes  Delta T,  that is the correction dueto the  slowing down  of the rotation  of the  Earth.  The value  of thelongitude is automatically corrected.                                   The calculation of the time zone is performed from this new value of thelongitude and the same happens for U.T. and E.T.. The calculation of thetime zone  is not in accordance  with the regulations of most countries,which span  more than one time zone,  but extend the value of their L.T.to the whole country.                                                   The atmospheric pressure of the observing site is expressed in millibar.The air temperature is expressed in degrees Celsius.                    The height above sea level, in meters, is related to the observing site.The value after the characters <JD:> indicates the Julian Date.                                                                                 Further information,  appearing during the input of the data about TOTALLUNAR ECLIPSES,  refers exclusively to the E.T. of the  CENTRAL PHASE ofthe eclipse.                                                                                                                                    To perform an  automatic search  for the  visibility of a  solar eclipseenter for the L.T. the same value as the one showing for E.T. (the valueof E.T. is indicated in the row of the eclipse you have chosen)  and setto  zero the  values of  the geographic  longitude and  latitude.  Aftergetting the graphic representation of the eclipse, correct L.T. pressingthe <F3> ... <F8>  keys to obtain  the same E.T.  of  the  central phase(significant  differences between the  E.T.  and the  L.T.  at the firstmeridian occur only for years very distant from the year 1900).         After these operations have been performed, press the <CTRL> + <F9> keys(only for solar eclipses).                                              If  the eclipse  is  not  visible,  repeat  the  above-mentioned  steps,modifying the longitude of 5-10 degrees to the east or to the west.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     To select one of the options below, press the corresponding key:                                                                                D - to repeat the choice between solar or lunar eclipses,  and to modifythe year.                                                                                                                                       Press the <ESC> key to go back to the eclipse menu.                                                                                             Pressing  the  <F2>  key  will get  you back  to the  main menu from anyenvironment.                                                                                                                                    C - to  change  the  entries  for  the  L.T.,  the  coordinates  and theatmospheric  pressure  of the observing site.  When the  change  in  thelongitude changes also the time zone,  the program computes the apparentposition of the Sun and the Moon  according to the new value of the E.T.related to the L.T..                                                    If you press the <-> or <+> key instead of the <C>  key,  you can changethe date to the previous or the following day.                                                                                                  H - to abandon the selected eclipse and make a new choice.                                                                                      F10 - to go back to the graphic page.                                                                                                           T - this option  is available  only if  the  solar eclipse  is total  orannular and happens in a year between 1000 A.D. and 3000 A.D..          In this case you can view, pressing this key, the path of the eclipse onthe surface of the Earth, and read its coordinates.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     The graphic window represents  the portion of the sky that  includes theSun and the Moon.  To the left,  the ordinate axis is shown,  indicatingthe value in degrees of the elevation above the local horizon.          At the bottom,  the abscissae axis gives the value of the azimuth angle,measured from the north towards the east.                                                                                                       Elevation 0 corresponds to the  local horizon.  If the value is negativethe eclipse is not visible from your observing site.                                                                                            When a solar eclipse  is shown in the graphic window,  the Sun is alwaysin the middle. For lunar eclipses two circles are shown in the middle ofthe window, which represent the umbra and the penumbra of the Earth.                                                                            The  horizontal coordinates  are computed  taking into consideration thecorrection in R.A. and Declination for the nutation,  the aberration andthe parallax.  In addition, the elevation values above the local horizonare  corrected  for  the   refraction  corresponding  to  the  specifiedatmospheric pressure and temperature.                                                                                                           To  modify the  perspective or  L.T.  for an eclipse,  use the followingfunction keys:                                                                                                                                       <F3>         increase L.T. by 6 seconds.                                <F4>         decrease L.T. by 6 seconds.                                <F5>         increase L.T. by 1 minute.                                 <F6>         decrease L.T. by 1 minute.                                 <F7>         decrease L.T. by 5 minutes.                                <F8>         increase L.T. by 5 minutes.                                                                                                        <Ctrl>+<F3>  increase the Latitude by 5'.                               <Ctrl>+<F4>  decrease the Latitude by 5'.                               <Ctrl>+<F5>  increase the Latitude by 30'.                              <Ctrl>+<F6>  decrease the Latitude by 30'.                              <Ctrl>+<F7>  decrease the Latitude by 5 degrees.                        <Ctrl>+<F8>  increase the Latitude by 5 degrees.                                                                                                <Alt>+<F3>   increase the Longitude by 5'.                              <Alt>+<F4>   decrease the Longitude by 5'.                              <Alt>+<F5>   increase the Longitude by 30'.                             <Alt>+<F6>   decrease the Longitude by 30'.                             <Alt>+<F7>   decrease the Longitude by 5 degrees.                       <Alt>+<F8>   increase the Longitude by 5 degrees.                       ====================================================                    <Ctrl>+<F9>  AUTOMATIC LATITUDE SEARCH.                                                                                                    WARNING!  Small modifications of the longitude may affect the time zone.In this  case the  L.T.  remains  unchanged while  the program  computesagain, according to the new value of the E.T.,  the positions of the Sunand the Moon.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Pressing the <I> key,  observing data for the  Sun and the Moon relativeto a particular time and place can be obtained.                                                                                                 Press the <ESC> key to go back to the eclipse menu.                                                                                             Pressing  the  <F2>  key  will get  you back  to the  main menu from anyenvironment.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Pressing the  <P>  key,  the times for the  various lunar phases will bedisplayed,  and the  computation of  the  minimum  and  maximum distancebetween the Earth and the Moon in a particular month will be performed.                                                                         Press the <ESC> key to go back to the previous menu.                                                                                            Pressing  the  <F2>  key  will get  you back  to the  main menu from anyenvironment.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            You have entered the menu for eclipse computation.                                                                                              Pressing the <E>  key,  solar and lunar eclipses between  4713  B.C. and6500 A.D. can be computed and displayed as visible  from any location onthe Earth.                                                                                                                                      Press the <ESC> key to go back to the previous menu.                                                                                            Pressing  the  <F2>  key will  get  you back  to the main menu  from anyenvironment.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Pressing the  <T>  key  the position  of the  lunar terminator  will  becomputed and the phase of the Moon shown.                                                                                                       Press the <ESC> key to go back to the previous menu.                                                                                            Pressing  the  <F2>  key will  get you  back to  the main menu  from anyenvironment.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    You have entered the section  for the computation of the  ephemerides ofthe Sun and the Moon.                                                                                                                           Pressing the <V>  key you will be prompted for entering the data for thecalculation of the visibility of the Sun and the Moon.                                                                                          Press the <ESC> key to go back to the previous menu.                                                                                            Pressing  the  <F2>  key  will get  you back  to the main  menu from anyenvironment.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Now the data for the computation of the monthly list must be entered.   The program asks you whether you want the list for the  Sun or the  Moonto be computed. Press the <S> key for the list of the Sun or the <M> keyfor the list of the Moon.                                               The date must be in the format <MMYYYY> because the program computes thedata for the whole month. The year must be greater than 1582 A.D..      The program uses the latitude and the  longitude of your observing site.They can be modified and set to any value.                              If you want the  output data  to  be written  to a file,  enter the filename.  If the  file is to  be created  in a different directory  or on adifferent drive, enter the full path name.                                                                                                      Once the data for the rise,  the culmination  and the setting of the Sunor the Moon have been computed,  you can browse up and down one row at atime with the <DownArrow> and <Up Arrow> keys. Use the <PgUp> and <PgDn>keys to scroll a whole page at a time.                                                                                                          Press the <ESC> key to go back to the previous menu.                                                                                            Pressing  the  <F2>  key  will get  you back  to the main menu  from anyenvironment.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Enter the month and the year for which you wish  to calculate the phasesof the Moon and its maximum and minimum distance from the Earth.                                                                                The date must be in  the format  <MMYYYY>  and the  program works  for aperiod between January 1900 and December 2200.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  In addition to showing the path of the eclipse, the program can show thedata  relative  to the  centrality  path with  the date,  the time,  thecoordinates  of the site,  the duration  of the eclipse  and how it willappear from that site and at that time.                                 These  data  can be printed  or displayed  on the screen.  To have  themprinted press the <P>  key,  to display them on the screen press the <V>key.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            You have entered the section for eclipse simulation.                                                                                            Pressing the  <S>  key  any solar  or  lunar eclipse  visible  from  anylocation on the Earth between 4713 B.C. and 6500 A.D.  can be displayed,and its evolution can be followed with an arbitrary time step.                                                                                  Press the <ESC> key to go back to the previous menu.                                                                                            Pressing  the  <F2>  key will  get you  back to  the main menu  from anyenvironment.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            To select one of the options below, press the corresponding key:                                                                                D - to repeat the choice between solar or lunar eclipses,  and to modifythe year.                                                                                                                                       Press the <ESC> key to go back to the eclipse menu.                                                                                             Pressing  the  <F2>  key will  get you  back to  the main menu  from anyenvironment.                                                                                                                                    The eclipse  can be chosen by pressing the <DownArrow> or <UpArrow> key.Confirm your choice pressing the <F10> key.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             The Local Time is the same as the one of your watch.                    When daylight-saving time is in effect,  you must subtract one hour fromthe time displayed by your watch.  Therefore,  if the time on your watchis 22.30, the corresponding Local Time is 21.30.                        Longitude and latitude must be the ones of your observing site. You mustinput them in degrees and their decimals.                               Latitudes are positive east of Greenwich and negative west of Greenwich.For each year the program computes  Delta T,  that is the correction dueto the  slowing down  of the rotation  of the  Earth.  The  value of thelongitude is automatically corrected.                                   The  calculation of  the  time zone  is performed from this new value ofthe longitude and the same happens for U.T. and E.T.. The calculation ofthe  time  zone  is  not  in accordance  with the  regulations  of  mostcountries,  which span more than one time zone,  but extend the value oftheir L.T. to the whole country.                                        The value after the characters <JD:> indicates the Julian Date.                                                                                 Further information appearing during the input of the data about  TOTAL LUNAR ECLIPSES refers exclusively to the time, in E.T.,  of the CENTRAL PHASE of the eclipse.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   To select one of the options below, press the corresponding key:                                                                                D - you can repeat the choice between eclipses of Sun or Moon and modifythe year.                                                                                                                                       If you press the  <ESC>  key you  can go back  to the eclipse simulationmenu.                                                                                                                                           Pressing  the  <F2>  key  will get  you back  to the  main menu from anyenvironment.                                                                                                                                    C - to  enter  new  data for  the  time expressed as  L.T.  and  for thecoordinates  of  the  observing  site.  When  the  modification  of  thelongitude changes also the time zone,  the program computes the apparentposition of the  Sun  and the  Moon  according to the new value of  E.T.related to the L.T..                                                    If you press the <-> or <+>  key instead of the  <C>  key you can changethe date to the previous or to the next day.                                                                                                    H - to abandon the selected eclipse and to make a new choice.                                                                                   F10 - to go back to the graphic page.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   The graphic window  shows the  portion of the sky that includes the  Sunand the Moon.  To the left, on the y axis,  the values in degrees of thealtitude  above  the local  horizon are  given.  At  the bottom,  on thex axis,  the values of  the azimuth from the north  towards the east areshown.                                                                                                                                          The value 0 on the y axis represents the local horizon.  If the value ofthe altitude is negative, the eclipse is not visible from your observingsite.                                                                                                                                           When a solar eclipse has been shown,  the Sun is always in the middle ofthe window,  otherwise  the center  of the  window is  occupied  by  twocircles simulating the umbra and the penumbra of the Earth.                                                                                     The horizontal coordinates are computed including the correction in R.A.and Declination for the nutation and the parallax.                                                                                              Pressing any key  you can stop the execution  of the eclipse simulation.Then,  pressing the  <ESC>  key,  some parameters can be modified or newchoices made,  while pressing the space bar  the eclipse simulation willbe resumed.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      YOU ARE NOT A REGISTERED USER                                                                                                  The program works only for a period between 1980 and 1995 included.                                                                             Please read the file  LUNA.DOC  and the explanation at  the beginning ofthe program in order to register your copy.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             The program now allows you  to transform  the horizontal  coordinates toequatorial  ones and vice versa  (as you  chose in  the main menu).  Youmust input the date in the following format: (MM) month, (DD) day,  bothof which are expressed with two digits.                                 The year  (ñY...) must be preceded by the sign (+) or the sign (-).  Thetime has the format HHMMSS,  while the longitude and the latitude of theobserving site must be in degrees and their decimals.                   The equatorial coordinates  must be expressed in the  HHMMSS  format forthe  Right  Ascension   and  in  degrees  and  their  decimals  for  thedeclination,  while horizonthal coordinates must be expressed in degreesand their decimals.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             You can perform conversions from the calendar date to Julian day or viceversa (as selected in the main menu).  In the first case  you must inputthe calendar date (in the format MMDDñYYYY)  and the time (in the formatHHMMSS)  while in  the second case  you must input the  Julian day (withdecimals).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      The program allows you to calculate the difference, in days, between twodates.  The dates must be  in the format  MMDDñYYYY  and the second datemust be always later than the first one.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        The program computes the date of  Easter for any year  between  1583 and99999.  You must enter the year chosen and you can see the day of Easterwhich  corresponds to  the first  Sunday  after the first  full Moon  ofSpring.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 