PILOT QUESTIONNAIRE

Flight: 3-28-47

Date: May 12, 1964

Pilot: John B. McKay

Flight Resume Purpose: Heat Transfer and skin friction experiments with the sharp upper vertical fin and boundary layer noise experiment.

Launch: Hidden Hills on magnetic heading 212°, MH-96 Adaptive, R.C. "OFF", BCS "OFF", heading vernier "Standby", ventral off.

Launch Point Coordinates: 36° 20' N; 115° 59' W.

1. Launch, light engine, increase to 100%T. Rotate at 10° a until q = 20°.

2. q = 20° - maintain q = 20°.

3. Pushover to 0 "g". (H-dot = 600 fps)

4. Reduce to minimum thrust (» 40%).

5. Modulate speed brakes to maintain slow longitudinal acceleration.

6. Increase a to maintain H-dot » 50 ft/sec.

7. Burnout. Retract speed brakes, pushover to 0a, descend at » 200 ft/sec.

8. q = 1000 psf - Maintain q » 1000 psf until H = 65,000 ft.

9. Increase a to maintain H » 65,000 ft to Cuddeback. Roll Hold off. Switch to fixed gain in Yaw, Roll, and Pitch at pilot's discretion, perform control inputs in all three axes.

10. Cuddeback, switch to adaptive in Pitch, Roll, and Yaw - Vector to High Key, speed brakes as required.

11. High Key.

I. Prelaunch and Launch Phase A. Evaluate briefly flight performance of the following items during the prelaunch period and/or the launch maneuver.
  1. Pressure suit operation - Pressure suit was normal, in fact the cabin was normal too. We didn't get over 35,000 ft in the cabin. They really put a good seal on this time.

2. X-15 radios - Because of the interference this was not normal. However, on X-15 radio we could get either four or five square operation. I could hear everybody.

3. APU's - They were normal.

4. Damper System - Other than 2 dropouts for 2 cycles after launch, they were normal.

5. Flow Direction Sensor - It was normal. In fact, that was what we used for the flight.

6. Launch Space Positioning - As we were getting it from NASA-l, it seemed to be right on. However, I really felt close into the field. I think that left roll could have gotten us off because I launched right with the B-52 and I didn't turn left purposely at launch.

7. Launch Transients (q, f, y) - q was normal. As far as the dampers going out, I'm sure that created a left roll. On trying to reengage them I would pull the side arm over slightly and probably aggravate the thing. (Q. Any da at launch?). I didn't have any input. I thought I would go ahead and try my normal procedure. When I reach down for the throttle, I normally put in a little left bank anyway. It seems to counteract this right roll and I am sure that this came. I didn't feel that right roll very much, in fact I never really feel it. I don't think that we got over 5° (You didn't deviate from your normal launch?) No, I didn't deviate from my normal launch technique on this. However, I did feel the left roll when we got into it.

8. Engine Start - It was without incident.

9. Unforeseen Incidents - Unforeseen incidents were the dampers cutting out and I still think we had some interference from that Giannini Probe on here. As far as reading 13° angle of attack and coming up slow on q - maybe we should look into that some more. I should have been in the buffet zone on this sort of thing, right? (You didn't feel any buffet?) No, I didn't feel any of the buffet whatever. In fact, I didn't feel any of the buffet on the flight whatsoever, even coming around the pattern where we had been reporting the whole aircraft shaking.

II. BOOST PHASE A. Evaluate flight performance in the following areas, during the "power on" portion of the flight.
  1. Engine Operation - We evidently came out with 108 seconds of burning time and we got quite a bit of stabilized q data as a result of this.

2. ·y Operation - We had that on "standby". We did not use it at any time. We evidently had good ball nose operation.

3. Experiment Performance - Normal.

4. q Control - q control was very good. This was where the simulator paid off. By working around that 3° once we became level, as John Manke said, "you can make this airplane fly level, go downhill, or climb at 3° angle of attack," and we could actually hold our profile by using this method.

5. Low a Control - (You did go into negative a there?) I went to negative a because I felt I was somewhat high and purposely did this on the early portion of our burning time. This is not just coincidental, it was on purpose.

6. Altitude Profile versus Simulator - Because we were on our alternate cues and had practiced this so many times in the simulator, this is where the simulator really paid off and it was very comparable to the simulator. As far as other conditions throughout the flight, stable table, etc., we can't get a comparative analysis on that.

7. Unforeseen Incidents - This was the stable table going out and I can't quite say unforeseen because we had practiced for these pretty judiciously on the simulator. Also H-dot, and I hear tell after we got back down that we had about 2 to 3° off readings on the attitude indicator. I suspect that this thing was generally increasing in error during the flight. (Let me go back to low a.) No control problems in negative a to speak of. Of course, we weren't doing any pulses during the early burning and low angle of attack, low g portion here during the pushover, but the airplane handled very well. In fact, in the adaptive mode - we had tossed this around quite often about going to the fixed mode in pitch - I would say is where she does differ somewhat from the simulator, in that the airplane doesn't seem to oscillate around 0g in the adaptive mode as she does in the simulator. (Would you give me a pitch rating?) Pitch rating - I'd say about 2 on this, easily. (Is this for negative a control?) Right. Of course we were still down fairly low on Mach number, down around 2.8 - 3.2, somewhere around this.

III. GLIDE PHASE A. Evaluate flight performance in the following areas during the "power off" portion of the flight.
  1. Burnout Transients - None to speak of. The flight plan called for a pitch-over to some constant q lower than our stabilized q that we were holding during this portion and we didn't rely on H-dot. We didn't have altitude; However, I pitched over to the point where the dynamic pressure, the q-meter, went down below 1,000 psf and somewhere in there, between 900 and 1000, I really can't remember just what it was, she stabilized and we held it there. (He came right down 950 q-line from 4.2 down to about 3.5).

2. Experiment Performance - (Very satisfactory)

3. Controllability with "fixed gain" Damping - There were no fixed gain pulses initiated because of the high energy turns into the field. I just didn't have time to get any fixed gain there and because of our stable platform not being reliable, we did not do any of our outer loops such as a, pitch and q holds.

4. Glide Energy Management versus Simulation - I would say that the actual aircraft seems to have a little bit more energy than the simulator. (Its hard to tell on this flight because we didn't have any good velocity or altitude.) That's right, it is hard to tell. This might be just a psychological thing. You might be going through your different phases a little slower than what you normally would on the simulator. Therefore, you end up down range more, I mean at a later date, on the same portion of your flight plan. (Maybe you anticipate a little more on the flight?) That could be, you could anticipate more, so it could be psychological. However, the simulator is checked out every day and as far as the glide phase everything comes out in energy. (You didn't feel that you were going to overrun the base?) No, I didn't feel I was going to overrun the base, but I felt that I had to do something to get into it. It was going to go by pretty fast.

5. Approach and Landing - (Tell me about your floating tendency). With the MH-96 system it was pretty hard to get this airplane on the ground. The airplane wants to keep flying about 20 feet off the ground, maybe a little less, and just before touchdown I found myself having to actually push forward on the stick. In fact, it wasn't a real stable maneuver. Of course, ground effect could have taken care of this too, but I felt like the airplane wanted to keep flying and keep climbing as the airspeed decreased and I find myself touching down at somewhat slower, 20-30 knots slower, then what I would like to. I saw 210 knots go by and I felt this time that I was climbing slightly and I was trying to make a discreet effort to get the airplane on the ground. In this respect, she differs from X-15-1 or 2.

6. Unforeseen Incidents - There were no unforeseen incidents during the glide phase except for the stable platform being out. We could not get our pulse data as we had planned. (You made a spot landing?) I would see the smoke but I wasn't really trying for the 2-mile marker. I was, by a matter of habit, just flaring somewhere about a mile, 5,000 ft, before I got to it. I believe I hit about 20 ft just before I got to it.
 

B. Describe and rate the most adverse piloting task experienced on this flight.

q 4 , f 4 , y 3 .

As far as the climbout, I would say that both the pitch and roll with the dampers off would rate about a 4 in this category. It is probably because we were at a fairly high angle of attack, trying to get profile. The first time the dampers went off I sensed it through the controllability of the airplane. I looked down and I saw pitch and roll were off, but with the MH-96 system on, after I reengaged them, the airplane just seemed to become a solid rock. Of course by this time we were coming up on our gains. (You are rating what as 4?) Rating pitch and roll as 4. I would call it just a lateral-directional oscillation. It wasn't probably a real oscillation but it seemed to require quite a bit of concentration. (What about yaw?) The yaw damper was still on but the airplane was oscillating somewhat in yaw. I would class that about a 3. (Did you use the rudders to control?) No, I didn't use the rudders to control it to this point. (Just aileron?) Just a little aileron, but mostly trying to come back on my angle of attack to get my a down. (Would you give the same rating for both the experiences when the dampers were off?) Yes, I would give the same rating for both, but once the dampers came back on I would class across the board as approximately 2. (How does this compare with some of our damper disengage failures that we ran on the simulator, similar?) It appears to be somewhat similar. In fact they weren't quite as pressing as some of the damper-off situations you pull on the simulator. Maybe in the simulator we are getting transients, particularly in roll to where the airplane will want to shoot off, but we never got to any wild excursions in roll. Once you got them reengaged the damping system helped the airplane to be flown with the ease of being able to make these off-shoot corrections that we found ourselves into, I mean to try to remain somewhat on profile. I think this in itself speaks well of the MH-96 system.