</HEAD>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89ABH00008	NMFS NUMBER:	AKR-007B
REPORT TITLE:		Demonstration of Parasite Detection in

Alaska</PRE> Groundfish

AUTHOR: R.A. McDonald, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Jun-15-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Alaska Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 508 West Second Avenue, Suite 212

Anchorage, AK

99501

PHONE: 907-276-7315

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The objectives of this investigation were to ascertain whether or not RAMVISION technology and the RAM 200 Vision Machine could detect parasites and/or bones in Alaska groundfish, and precisely locate them for removal. In the determination of the former, it was necessary to experiment with various aspects of lighting the fillets and portions and to experiment with proprietary discovery templates (vision recognition tools) to ascertain the presence and location of the parasites and/or bones. Work was performed on two 50-pound shipments of infected white fish fillets from Alaska. This investigation uncovered a number of positive findings regarding the detection of parasites by the RAM 200 Vision Machine, details of which are covered in this report.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89ABH00014	NMFS NUMBER:	AKR-011
REPORT TITLE:		Determination of Experimentally

Induced</PRE> Non-Observable Mortality on Red King Crab

AUTHOR: Donaldson, William E.

PUBLISH DATE: Apr-13-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Alaska Department of Fish and Game

ADDRESS: Division of Commercial Fisheries

211 Mission Road

Kodiak, AK

99615-6399

PHONE: 907-486-4791

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This study attempted to estimate the non-observed mortality of crabs that are encountered by a bottom trawl. Large hardshell male red king crabs were tethered in the path of an Aleutian combination trawl. Six tows were made to estimate the impact of trawl gear on injury rates of crabs that were in the trawl path, but not caught by the gear. In total, 169 of the tethered crabs were estimated to be in the six trawl paths as defined by the spread of the doors. Crabs recovered in the trawl onboard the vessel accounted for 21.3% of these crabs. Divers recovered 46.2% of the crabs within the trawl path, leaving 32.5% unrecovered. Three of the 36 (8.3%) crabs recovered in the trawl were injured while two of the 78 (2.6%) crabs recovered by divers were injured. This latter value is an estimate of the otherwise non-observable injury rate of Aleutian combination trawl gear on king crabs under the conditions tested. Only one crab, which was caught in a trawl, had injuries assumed to be fatal. <PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86ABH00031	NMFS NUMBER:	AKR-150A
REPORT TITLE:		Frostbite and Other Cold Injuries

(Fisheries</PRE> Safety and Survival Workbook)

<A NAME=QuickMark></A>AUTHOR: Mercy, Deborah< ;P>

PUBLISH DATE: Aug-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Alaska Sea Grant College Program

ADDRESS: Order #SG-ED-07

138 Irving

Fairbanks, AK

99775-5040

PHONE: 907-474-7086

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This workbook provides general information on four types of cold injuries. The purpose of this educational tool is to increase awareness of the causes, characteristics, treatments, and prevention of cold injuries, and thus reduce the number of injuries suffered from exposure to cold, wet, and hostile environments.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86ABH00044	NMFS NUMBER:	AKR-002
REPORT TITLE:		Full Utilization for American Surimi

and</PRE> Other Underutilized Species

AUTHOR: Alaska Fisheries Development Foundation,

 Inc.<PRE>
PUBLISH DATE:		Mar-31-1991
AVAILABLE FROM:	Alaska Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.
				ADDRESS:	508 West Second Ave., Suite 212</PRE>

Anchorage, AK

99501<PRE>

				PHONE:	907-276-7315</PRE>

<H1>ABSTRACT</H1>

============================================================

The purpose of this project was to develop and strengthen the domestic surimi industry, and explore new technologies for low- value Alaska fish species. The project focused on five major tasks related to improving the efficiency and quality of American surimi production, developing marketable finished products from fresh surimi, and removing barriers to the use of surimi in processed meat products. Related tasks involved assessing the feasibility of using low-value fish in custom formulations with surimi and demonstrating the availability of basic technology necessary for surimi-based and custom formulated products. All of the planned tasks were accomplished. The following separate reports are available: 1) Evaluation of Factors Affecting the Consistency, Functionality, Quality, and Utilization of Surimi; 2) Report on Hydrauflaked Surimi Production; 3) Label Declaration and Sketch: Pork Nugget Patties; 4) Pilot Surimi and Analog Line Information Manual; 5) Customized Surimi Market Evaluation, Production and Sample Distribution; 6) Seattle Sausage: Development and Market Evaluation of a Surimi Product; 7) Alternate Pink Salmon Forms; 8) Prototype Product Development Using Alaska Surimi, Salmon and Pollock Mince; and 9) Development of an Alaska Pink/Chum Salmon Product. Results of projects were communicated to the seafood and food industries via newsletters, press releases, promotional events, video production, and participation in industry trade shows and meetings.

<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA87ABHSK020	NMFS NUMBER:	AKR-007
REPORT TITLE:		Full Utilization of White Fish

Through</PRE> Multi-Species Processing

AUTHOR: Alaska Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Sep-30-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Alaska Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 508 West Second Avenue, Suite 212

Anchorage, AK

99501

PHONE: 907-276-7315

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project was designed around the abundant flatfish resource that remained the predominant white fish species still underutilized by the domestic industry. The project identified three specific objectives that had to be achieved before the flatfish utilization opportunity would be actualized: 1) evaluation of the resource availability, 2) modification of plant and vessel systems, and 3) evaluation of product acceptance. Information on resource availability, specifically spawning cycles and seasonal variability, was accumulated and published. Fishery specific handling techniques were developed and applied on the vessels and at the plant. Specifics on handling and processing, including actual methods and equipment that proved worthwhile, are now available. The specific benefit to the seafood industry was the creation of a new fishery and public information on how to participate. Individual study reports are included as attachments.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA86ABH00031 NMFS NUMBER:

AKR-150C</PRE> REPORT TITLE: Marine Safety Instructor Training Manual

AUTHOR: Alaska Marine Safety Education

Association

PUBLISH DATE: Jan-01-1987

AVAILABLE FROM: Alaska Marine Safety Education Association

ADDRESS: Box 2692

Sitka, AK

99835

PHONE: 907-747-3287

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This training manual was written for the layperson and is intended for presentation by a qualified instructor. The information is a compilation of the most current treatment of the subject matter as it pertains to the Alaskan environment. It covers preparation for emergency, first aid, cold water near-drowning, hypothermia, cold water survival skills with pool and open water practicum, sea and shore survival, and water and food in the survival situation. The Alaska Marine Safety Educational Association's goal is to reduce loss of life and property in marine accidents through education.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86ABH00031	NMFS NUMBER:	AKR-150
REPORT TITLE:		Marine Safety:  Reduced Accident

Rates</PRE> Through Education and Training

AUTHOR: University of Alaska Marine Advisory Program

PUBLISH DATE: Jan-13-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: University of Alaska Marine Advisory Program

ADDRESS: 2221 E. Northern Lights Blvd.

Suite 110

Anchorage, AK

99508

PHONE: 907-274-9691

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The objective of this project was to reduce the rate of injury, disability, and loss of life among Alaska's fishermen through training and support of volunteer instructors. Project results included: 1) 30 trained volunteer instructors, 2) publication of an updated marine safety instructor training manual, and 3) production and distribution of videotapes on "Survival Gear Use and Maintenance" and "Frostbite." Economic benefits, such as reduced insurance rates, are anticipated with reduction in injuries and loss of life. An immediate and direct benefit to fishermen is a reduced cost of obtaining marine safety training.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88ABH00006	NMFS NUMBER:	AKR-006
REPORT TITLE:		Marine Safety:  Reduced Accidents

Through</PRE> Training and Education (II)

AUTHOR: State of Alaska, Department of Health and Social Services

PUBLISH DATE: Jun-30-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: Alaska Department of Health and Social Services

ADDRESS: Emergency Medical Services Section

ATTN: David Pierce

Box 110616

Juneau, AK

99811-0616

PHONE: 907-465-3027

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The primary goal of this project was to reduce the number of accidents among Alaskan commercial fishermen. This report describes two approaches designed to achieve the goal. One involved the training of volunteer instructors in local fishing communities to provide basic safety training and education. The second approach was a multi-component training curriculum addressing the major hazard areas encountered by the fishing fleet. These two approaches complement each other in that the volunteer instructors provide an introduction to safety concerns while the multi-component course provides more in-depth training.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89ABHSK015	NMFS NUMBER:	AKR-002
REPORT TITLE:		Marine Safety:  Reduced Accident

Rates</PRE> Through Education and Training (III)

AUTHOR: State of Alaska, Department of Health and Social Services

PUBLISH DATE: Oct-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Alaska Department of Health and Social Services

ADDRESS: Emergency Medical Services Section

P.O. Box H-06C

Juneau, AK

99811

PHONE: 907-465-3027

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project developed two methods of providing safety training to fishermen--through a professional training center and through trained volunteer instructors. The key to the success of either approach is to provide training in the local fishing communities using locally appropriate materials. Course outlines and materials are available for adaptation and use elsewhere.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA86ABH00031 NMFS NUMBER:

AKR-150B</PRE>
REPORT TITLE:		Marine Survival Equipment and Maintenance

(A Workbook)

AUTHOR: Pennington, Hank

PUBLISH DATE: Aug-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: University of Alaska Sea Grant Program

ADDRESS: Order #SG-ED-06

138 Irving

Fairbanks, AK

99775-5040

PHONE: 907-474-7086

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This workbook is designed to provide general information on fishing vessel emergency equipment and to help commercial fishermen with the process of selecting, installing, using and maintaining the equipment. The workbook can be used by itself or with a videotape on emergency equipment for fishing vessels.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89ABH00008	NMFS NUMBER:	AKR-007A
REPORT TITLE:		Monitoring and Controlling Performance

of</PRE> Commercial Freezers and Cold Stores

AUTHOR: Kolbe, Edward and Cooper, David

PUBLISH DATE: Feb-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: Alaska Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 508 West Second Avenue, Suite 212

Anchorage, AK

99501

PHONE: 907-276-7315

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report presents the results of an evaluation of commercial freezing and storage processes as part of a project on Alaska Groundfish Quality Enhancement. The study addressed four objectives: 1) Assemble and demonstrate instrumentation capable of measuring/recording temperatures and air velocities in commercial processes; 2) Collect baseline freezer and cold storage performance data in commercial operations; 3) Monitor effects of controlled commercial system changes that lead to potential fish quality and operational improvements; and 4) Document experience, outline recommendations, and provide instructions to enable others to develop and use these techniques in other seafood processing plants. The report includes recommendations on freezer management and suggestions for future effort.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88ABH00007	NMFS NUMBER:	AKR-003B
REPORT TITLE:		Optimizing Opportunities for the

Alaska</PRE> Fishing Industry: Flatfish Utilization

AUTHOR: Alaska Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Nov-30-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Alaska Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 508 West Second Avenue, Suite 212

Anchorage, AK

99501

PHONE: 907-276-7315

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

Two studies were conducted under this project with the objective to strengthen the production base of the developing Alaskan flatfish fishery. The effects of Alaskan handling methods on quality, flesh recovery and shelf life as compared to other regional handling methods were investigated. Ten thousand pounds of arrowtooth flounder fillet and block product were processed with an injected enzyme inhibitor during pilot scale production. Samples were evaluated and distributed to potential buyers to assess the market potential. Currently unutilized and unmarketed, Alaskan arrowtooth flounder has an estimated potential annual yield of 300,000 metric tons per year. Two separate reports are available: 1) Improving Methods for Handling Flatfish on the Vessel and in the Plant to Maximize Quality, Flesh Recovery and Shelf Life; and 2) Arrowtooth Flounder Protease Inhibitor Project.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88ABH00007	NMFS NUMBER:	AKR-003A
REPORT TITLE:		Optimizing Opportunities for the

Alaska</PRE> Fishing Industry: Multi-Species By-Product Utilization

AUTHOR: Alaska Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Nov-30-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Alaska Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 508 West Second Avenue, Suite 212

Anchorage, AK

99501

PHONE: 907-276-7315

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

As part of an effort to reduce the volume of seafood processing waste in Alaska and capitalize on recovery, this project sought to improve the quality and efficiency of Alaska's existing fish by-product processing industry. Efforts were made to: demonstrate new technologies for processing salmon waste into high quality fish oil; investigate regulatory barriers to the use of salmon head oil as a nutritional supplement and processed food additive; and, determine other near-term markets for Alaska salmon oil. The following separate reports are available: 1) "No Guts, No Glory"; 2) Multi-Species By-Product Utilization; 3) Salmon Oil Recovery Production Demonstration, North Pacific Processors and Ketchikan Seafoods Project Reports; 4) Quality Analyses and Fatty Acid Profiles of Four Samples of Alaskan Salmon Oil Produced at North Pacific Processors in 1988; 5) Alaskan Salmon and Whitefish Oil Marketing, Final Report and FDA Meeting Summary; and 6) Lodestar Article: "Take a Good Look" (Alaskan Salmon Oil).<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88ABH00007	NMFS NUMBER:	AKR-003D
REPORT TITLE:		Optimizing Opportunities for the Alaska Fishing Industry:  Refining

Surimi</PRE> Production

AUTHOR: Alaska Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Nov-30-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Alaska Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 508 West Second Avenue, Suite 212

Anchorage, AK

9950l

PHONE: 907-276-73l5

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project conducted studies to establish a surimi production microbiological database, to obtain a better understanding of the relationship between process variables and finished product quality, and to identify accurate and real time quality testing methods. These efforts produced information which will help the surimi industry develop a broader base through improved understanding of the process, better monitoring of product functionality, and the identification of microbial constituents of surimi production. The following separate reports are available: 1) Microbiological Study of Surimi Production: Phase II; 2) Evaluation of Factors Affecting the Consistency, Functionality, Quality and Utilization of Surimi; and 3) Comparision of the Punch, Torsion, Constant Rate Deformation and Dynamic Force Deformation Tests to Determine Rheological Properties of Surimi Gels.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA85ABH00044 NMFS NUMBER:

AKR-002G</PRE> REPORT TITLE: Pacific Pollock Protein Project

AUTHOR: Alaska Fisheries Development Foundation,

Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-31-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: Alaska Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 508 West Second Avenue, Suite 212

Anchorage, AK

99501

PHONE: 907-276-7315

ABSTRACT

=============================================================

This project was the fourth phase of a pollock industry development program designed to achieve U.S. domination of all sectors of the Alaska pollock surimi industry by 1990. This has now been achieved. The project efforts and accomplishments include: 1) technology development to ensure production of pollock products in Alaska and provide product for market development efforts; 2) market development to increase the volume and diversity of American markets for U.S. pollock products; and 3) effective communication of knowledge and technology in order to achieve industry development. <PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA85ABH00044	NMFS NUMBER:	AKR-002E
REPORT TITLE:		Partial Quality Control:

Surimi/Meat</PRE> Products

AUTHOR: Manning, Batson & Associates, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Aug-01-1988

AVAILABLE FROM: Alaska Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 508 West Second Avenue, Suite 212

Anchorage, AK

99501

PHONE: 907-276-7315

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project provides an outline to be used as a working document and a checklist for developing a surimi/meat Partial Quality Control (PQC) System. The U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA) requires that a plant wishing to use surimi in the preparation of processed meat products develop a PQC system to ensure the safety and wholesomeness of the end product. The proposed PQC system must be submitted to the USDA Administrator of the Food Safety Inspection Service for approval.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA85ABH00044 NMFS NUMBER:

AKR-002C</PRE>
REPORT TITLE:		Product Development:  Surimi and Meat
AUTHOR:			Manning, Batson &amp; Associates,

Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Aug-01-1988

AVAILABLE FROM: Alaska Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 508 West Second Avenue, Suite 212

Anchorage, AK

99501

PHONE: 907-276-7315

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This technical report provides product development information on surimi attributes as a binder in meat and non-meat protein products; general guidelines for purchasing, handling, formulating and processing; and selected surimi/meat nugget formulas.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88ABH00008	NMFS NUMBER:	AKR-002
REPORT TITLE:		Quantitative Evaluation of Flatfish

Capture</PRE> by Trawl Gear - Phase I (Trawl Rigging for Incidental Catch Minimization, TRIM)

AUTHOR: Bublitz, C.G.

PUBLISH DATE: Nov-10-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: Fishery Industrial Technology Center

ADDRESS: University of Alaska

900 Trident Way

Kodiak, AK

99615

PHONE: 907-486-1500

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The emphasis of this project was to determine cod and halibut behavior during capture by trawl gear. Based on observed behavior patterns, gear modifications to reduce the incidental catch of halibut were tested. Flatfish capture by trawl gear was recorded on video tape using a remotely-operated submersible, equipped with a Silicon Intensive Target video camera. Video taping was conducted under natural light conditions during commercial fishing operations. Two types of behavior patterns were exhibited, and evidence suggests that these behavior patterns are mediated by the fish's visual field, in particular the field of binocular vision. Physical constraints on the submersible system prevented working at depths where commercial concentrations of cod were found; consequently, only limited cod data were obtained. A detailed report of this research is presented and gear modifications are recommended.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89ABH00015	NMFS NUMBER:	AKR-002B
REPORT TITLE:		The Effectiveness of Marine

Safety</PRE> Training

AUTHOR: The McDowell Group

PUBLISH DATE: Jun-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Alaska Marine Safety Education Association

ADDRESS: Box 2592

Sitka, AK

99835

PHONE: 907-747-3287

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report presents an independent evaluation of the Alaska Marine Safety Education Association's (AMSEA) training programs. AMSEA trained instructors conduct classes throughout Alaska to meet the need for preparedness among residents and the boating public. A team of trained interviewers conducted surveys with instructors, their students and a random sampling of commercial fishing permit holders in an effort to determine the effectiveness of marine safety and shore survival training in Alaska. The report is divided into three chapters: 1) Analysis of Marine Safety Instructors and Classes, 2) Training and Effectiveness, and 3) Demographics.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89ABH00016	NMFS NUMBER:	AKR-003
REPORT TITLE:		The Role of Pacific Groundfish in</PRE>

International Groundfish Trade

AUTHOR: Oregon State University

PUBLISH DATE: Sep-29-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Oregon State University

ADDRESS: Department of Agricultural

and Resource Economics

Corvallis, OR

97331-3601

PHONE: 503-754-2942

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

To assess the competitive position of the U.S. groundfish industry in global groundfish markets, several factors are considered: 1) the costs of harvesting, processing, and marketing groundfish products; 2) the nature of the demand for those groundfish products; 3) the nature of supply from competing sources of groundfish products; and 4) the nature of institutional arrangements, including government policy here and abroad. A feature of all four of these factors is change. To have any understanding of the nature of the groundfish industry, it is crucial to have some sense of history, and of how the groundfish industry has been affected by and has reacted to the enormous changes that have occurred in global economic and political conditions. The report is organized as follows: Chapter A provides an overview of the global fishery economy since the end of World War I, while Chapters B through E have more detail on the various regions of the world that are presently most actively involved in groundfish trade.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA17FD0177-01	NMFS NUMBER:	AKR-007
REPORT TITLE:		The Status of Steller Sea Lion

Populations</PRE> and the Development of Fisheries in the Gulf of Alaska and Aleutian Islands<PRE>

AUTHOR:			Trites, Andrew W. and Larkin, Peter A.
PUBLISH DATE:		Jul-01-1992
AVAILABLE FROM:	Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission</PRE>
				ADDRESS:  Attn:  Al J. Didier,

Jr.

2501 S.W. First Avenue, Suite 200

Portland, OR

97201<PRE>

				PHONE:	503-326-7025</PRE>

<H1>ABSTRACT</H1>

================================================================& lt;P>

The goal of this study was to assess the status of Steller sea lions in Alaska, review their population biology, and develop a simulation model to explore the role that harvesting and incidental kills by fisheries may have played in the decline of sea lions. The study showed that some of the decline can be attributed to the direct effect of incidental capture in fishing gear, the shooting of sea lions, and the harvesting of adults and pups, but these factors explain only a small portion of the recent population decline. Losses caused by the removal of food resources is a circumstantial possibility, and other causes, such as diseases and parasites, could be contributing factors. Future research should focus on the decline since 1980, paying particular attention to changes in body size, the diet at various seasons of the year, bioenergetics and nutritional requirements, and assessment of the local abundance of food resources at particular times of the year. In the long run, research on the ecosystem dynamics of the region will be necessary.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA85ABH00044	NMFS NUMBER:	AKR-002D
REPORT TITLE:		The Use of Surimi in Restructured

Meat</PRE> Products

AUTHOR: Carpenter, John A.

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-31-1988

AVAILABLE FROM: Alaska Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 508 West Second Avenue, Suite 212

Anchorage, AK

99501

PHONE: 907-276-7315

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project developed a method of restructuring meat and/or poultry products without the use of heat for coagulation, using surimi as a binder. Low salt beef steaks, suitable for marketing fresh or frozen, were developed. The incorporation of surimi improved storage life and had no adverse effects on flavor, aroma, or texture. Further study on consumer acceptability is planned.

<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88ABH00034	NMFS NUMBER:	NWR-201
REPORT TITLE:		An Inventory of Vessel Stability for

Small</PRE> Commercial Fishing Vessels

AUTHOR: Adee, Bruce H.

PUBLISH DATE: Jun-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: University of Washington

ADDRESS: Department of Mechanical Engineering

Seattle, WA

98195

PHONE: 206-543-4046

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The casualty statistics for the loss of human life and property among commercial fishing vessels are unacceptably high and particularly true for losses associated with the vessel's stability, which in many cases could be prevented. This study is an attempt to begin the collection and analysis of stability data for smaller fishing vessels (under 79 feet) not routinely analyzed. Information on the stability of eight smaller fishing vessels has been determined and is included as appendices to this report. While these eight vessels represent only a very small portion of the fleet, they reveal some important information.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88ABH00013	NMFS NUMBER:	NWR-050
REPORT TITLE:		Competitiveness of the Northwest

Fishing</PRE> Industry

AUTHOR: Bogle and Gates

PUBLISH DATE: Jun-17-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: Bogle and Gates

ADDRESS: 601 - 13th Street, N.W.

Suite 370 South

Washington, DC

20005

PHONE: 202-293-3600

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The goal of this project was to analyze the competitive position of the Northwest seafood industry vis-a-vis its major international competitors, and to provide information to the industry and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in preparation for multilateral trade negotiations taking place under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The United States has a long established objective of maximizing the economic return from U.S. fisheries for the benefit of the entire nation. However, this research indicates that many of these policies are frustrated by support programs and targeting practices of other governments and foreign industries. Quantification of these programs and practices has shown that Canada, the European Community and Japan all provide substantial amounts of funding to their fishing industries. The United States must work methodically in the current GATT Round towards the negotiated elimination of these programs to ensure the continued competitiveness of its Northwest fishing industry.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA85ABH00064	NMFS NUMBER:	NWR-151B
REPORT TITLE:		Effect of Fish Oils with Varying</PRE>

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Levels on Plasma Lipids in Humans

AUTHOR: Childs, Marian T.

PUBLISH DATE: Apr-26-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: University of Washington

ADDRESS: Nutritional Sciences, DL-10

Seattle, WA

98195

PHONE: 206-543-1730

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project studied lipoprotein responses of normolipidemic and familial hypercholesterolemic (FH) men to fish oils. This study concluded that, following the protocol used, the lipoprotein lipid responses to salmon blend and tuna oil could be considered more protective against the development of heart disease than the responses to pollock liver oil for both normolipidemic and FH subjects. However, it is impossible to identify these responses as being due solely to the EPA/DHA ratios of these oils, since qualities and quantities of the other fatty acids also varied. <PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA85ABH00064	NMFS NUMBER:	NWR-151A
REPORT TITLE:		Effects of Shellfish Consumption on

Plasma</PRE> Lipoproteins and on Cholesterol Absorption in Humans

AUTHOR: Childs, Marian T.

PUBLISH DATE: Sep-23-1986

AVAILABLE FROM: University of Washington

ADDRESS: Nutritional Sciences, DL-10

Seattle, WA

98195

PHONE: 206-543-1730

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This study determined the plasma lipid responses of normal men to diets which substituted individual shellfish for the non-marine animal protein foods of the men's usual diets, replacing protein on a gram-for-gram basis. The diets restricted fat used in the preparation of the shellfish to one-half the fat present in the non-marine animal foods and to the use of fat only of vegetable origin, in accordance with current nutritional recommmendations. This study should stress to the promotors of seafood the importance of sound nutritional advice when shellfish are being advertised. The response to any food will be highly variable depending upon the attendant nutrients found in such ingredients as butter, cream and eggs, and since, traditionally, many of the shellfish have been prepared using large quantities of these foods, a change in shellfish preparation is mandatory before their true nutritional value is realized.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA89ABH00012 NMFS NUMBER:

NWR-002</PRE> REPORT TITLE: Hooking Mortality Study

AUTHOR: Natural Resources Consultants,

Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: May-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: Natural Resources Consultants, Inc.

ADDRESS: 4055 21st Avenue, West

Seattle, WA

98199

PHONE: 206-285-3480

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The primary objective of this study was to test the validity of the estimate for that portion of the assumed mortality rate which directly results from recreational salmon fishing. Although there may be limitations to the direct applicability of the estimates generated by this study, the findings strongly suggest that various salmon management agencies need to re-evaluate their assumptions regarding chinook and coho salmon mortality rates in sport fisheries. A first step in this process should be replication and expansion of the present study to include larger samples of coho and chinook at different sizes. Another step would be to utilize different terminal gear, and a third step would be to carry out a similar study aboard a coastal charterboat. Changes in management strategies and sport fishing regulations which might follow from this re-evaluation could potentially result in increased fishing opportunities for recreational fishermen, positive economic impacts for local and regional economies, and more economically productive utilization of the resource.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86ABH00040	NMFS NUMBER:	NWR-100
REPORT TITLE:		Implementation and Evaluation of

Promotional</PRE> Activities to Increase Participation in Recreational Bottomfishing

AUTHOR: Manfredo, Michael J.

PUBLISH DATE: Jan-01-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Northwest Region

7600 Sand Point Way NE

BIN C15700, Bldg. 1

Seattle, WA

98115-0070

PHONE: 206-526-6117

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report describes the findings of the final phase of a three-phase study to assist the Oregon charterboat industry in diversification efforts. The overall goal of the study was to identify effective methods of advertising charter bottomfish experiences and identifying new market segments. This project focused on increasing awareness of charter opportunities by providing trips to the Coast to interested outdoor and travel writers. Short term, the writers' articles generated consumer interest for the industry to develop. Long term benefits are uncertain without the industry developing a self-supporting program to continue to promote interest in the tourism industry for recreational bottomfishing. The groundwork on consumer preferences is the basis for further development.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK071	NMFS NUMBER:	NWR-033
REPORT TITLE:		Improved Cryopreservation of

Salmonid</PRE> Sperm

AUTHOR: Thorgaard, Gary H.

PUBLISH DATE: May-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: Washington State University

ADDRESS: Department of Zoology

Pullman, WA

99164-4236

PHONE: 509-335-7438

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project examined several parameters in a simple sperm cryopreservation protocol involving the use of large (4 ml) straws to cryopreserve salmonid sperm (detailed in Wheeler and Thorgaard, l991) to determine which were critical for developing a technique useful in hatchery situations. Rainbow trout were used as experimental animals. In experiments in which varying numbers of eggs were fertilized with cryopreserved sperm from single straws, the optimum lot size was estimated statistically at 449.45. Yolk was found to be a critical component in the extender, and the simple Glucose formula used in Wheeler and Thorgaard (1991) gave comparable results to a more complex Sucrose formula described by Baynes and Scott (1987). Both motility and sperm density of samples, measured before cryopreservation, gave very significant positive correlations to post-cryopreservation fertilization success. Thus, selection of relatively thick sperm samples showing good motility should maximize the likelihood of successful sperm cryopreservation in hatchery situations. The sperm cryopreservation protocol was also shown to be successful with chinook and Atlantic salmon and should be readily applicable to hatchery situations.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86ABH00033	NMFS NUMBER:	NWR-051
REPORT TITLE:		International Competitiveness of the North</PRE> Pacific Seafood

Industry

AUTHOR: Pacific Seafood Processors Association

PUBLISH DATE: Jul-29-1988

AVAILABLE FROM: Pacific Seafood Processors Association

ADDRESS: 4019 21st Avenue, W., Suite 201

Seattle, WA

98199

PHONE: 206-281-1667

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The goal of this project was to determine the international competitive factors affecting the development of the U.S. North Pacific seafood industry. By working with industry and government, it was determined that for purposes of this project, the key factors affecting the development of the North Pacific seafood industry in the international marketplace are foreign government subsidies hindering the export potential of the industry. Since there was relatively little information in government or industry circles concerning foreign government fishing subsidy programs, this project evolved into an examination and identification of these kinds of subsidies. This study includes the programs of Canada, Japan, Korea and the European Community (EC). Further study is recommended to cover additional countries.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88ABH00014	NMFS NUMBER:	NWR-001
REPORT TITLE:		Pacific Whiting Surimi Production

Feasibility</PRE> Study

AUTHOR: Beale, Katherine L. and Jensen, W.S.

PUBLISH DATE: May-01-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Northwest Region

7600 Sand Point Way NE

BIN C15700, Bldg. 1

Seattle, WA

98115-0070

PHONE: 206-526-6117

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This study contains information and data for industry participants, fishing ports, economic development organizations, and resource managers to use in making decisions that affect the development of the Pacific whiting fishery. The report includes resource availability data, information and data on surimi production costs, a description of infrastructure requirements, and an assessment of the economic feasibility of surimi production. <PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89ABHSK017	NMFS NUMBER:	NWR-050
REPORT TITLE:		Processing Groundfish Carcass Waste into

Fish</PRE> Feed

AUTHOR: Crawford, D.L. and McNeil, W.J. PUBLISH DATE: Oct-12-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Oregon State University

ADDRESS: Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station

Seafoods Laboratory

250 36th Street

Astoria, OR

97103-2499

PHONE: 503-325-4531

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project studied the economical use of waste derived from the processing of groundfish into fillets and from the potential processing of Pacific whiting into surimi at on-shore plants. The investigation tested the hypothesis that waste could be converted into an economical and nutritionally satisfactory ration for salmonids using simple processing procedures. Research efforts determined that groundfish waste can be processed into a physically acceptable pelletized ration of good nutritional quality for salmonids using simple unit operations employing heat processing. Rations formulated with fish waste did not use high cost fish meal protein and were shown to accommodate waste of varying composition from a wide variety of groundfish species. Study results also indicated that ration formulations and flesh compositions can vary considerably without producing detectable differences in the desirability of the texture and flavor of the salmonid flesh. <PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK082	NMFS NUMBER:	NWR-022
REPORT TITLE:		Production and Testing of Seafood

Waste/Sawdust Compost as a Useful</PRE> Fertilizer

AUTHOR: L.A. Bonacher & Assoc.; Natural Resources Consultants, Inc. & Washington State Univ.

PUBLISH DATE: Apr-30-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: Pacific County Economic Development Council

ADDRESS: 408 Second Street

Raymond, WA

98577

PHONE: 206-942-3629

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

Seafood processors nationwide face negative economic impacts of seafood waste disposal due to increased regulations and limitations on solid waste disposal sites. Although the production of value-added products from waste such as meal, protein concentrate, or oil are viable disposal alternatives for large centralized processors, they are uneconomical for smaller dispersed processors. Production of fertilizers from four types of seafood waste/sawdust compost was tested as a viable, low-cost alternative to current disposal practices in Pacific County, Washington. Of the four composts produced from groundfish and shrimp waste combined with alder and hemlock/fir sawdust, two groundfish and one shrimp composts proved to be viable fertilizers, based on chemical analyses and field and greenhouse plant growth tests. First-year cost of production for a hypothetical compost plant processing 5,000 mt of seafood waste and 15,000 mt of sawdust producing 14,000 mt of compost annually was estimated to be $78/mt of compost produced. The annual savings in waste disposal costs to the seafood processing industry on the Washington coast was estimated to range from $384,000 to $576,000.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86ABH00043	NMFS NUMBER:	NWR-154
REPORT TITLE:		The Long-Term Effects of Modifying

the</PRE> American Diet to Include Groundfish

AUTHOR: Childs, Marian T.

PUBLISH DATE: Nov-30-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: University of Washington

ADDRESS: Nutritional Sciences, DL-10

Seattle, WA

98195

PHONE: 206-543-1730

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This study compares the lipoprotein and thrombotic responses after the consumption of two servings of fish per week (280g of fish per week or 2g n-3 fatty acids per day), along with a typical American diet, in 19 normolipidemic men for 48 weeks, to the responses after two 12-week periods, which were fish free, both before and after the fish consumption period. The study concluded that two servings of fish per week, fed to normal men, will result in a continuous blood fatty acid and lipoprotein response, cause a short term increase in bleeding time and decrease the blood pressure slightly. The project did not succeed in establishing that two servings of fish per week would be beneficial in preventing heart disease. This is because an increase in the LDL-Cholesterol was found with the fish consumption. Although LDL-Cholesterol is usually considered to be conducive to heart disease, it is unknown whether the slight increase seen here is a true increase in LDL-Cholesterol, or whether this increase is an artifact of the methods currently in use for the separation of the lipoproteins, and whether this increase is conducive to coronary heart disease. Basic biochemical work is needed to establish the value of the LDL- Cholesterol changes seen with fish consumption in relation to coronary heart disease.

<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA86ABH00025 NMFS NUMBER:

SWR-060</PRE>
REPORT TITLE:		Albacore Marketing Program

AUTHOR: Tennyson, Michele K.

PUBLISH DATE: Aug-21-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: Tennyson & Associates

ADDRESS: 2802 - 161st Street SE

Mill Creek, WA

98012

PHONE: 206-337-2489

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The purpose of this project was to assist the Pacific albacore industry to offset the negative impact of tuna cannery closures. The project focused its efforts on increasing acceptance of frozen Pacific albacore, increasing demand for uncanned Pacific albacore, serving as a catalyst for the development of value-added albacore products, and strengthening industry quality standards. The project developed news and food releases; conducted research and development to identify improved product forms, potential value-added products, and new, improved packaging concepts; generated trade leads which were turned over to West Coast processors; surveyed other commodities and organizations for recommended market strategies and concepts; produced an education slide presentation and video aimed at the processing sector to improve handling procedures; and developed a brochure, recipe cards, nutritional poster and case strips as point-of-purchase support materials.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA88ABH00011 NMFS NUMBER:

SWR-036</PRE>
REPORT TITLE:		Alternative Gear Development

AUTHOR: Thorton, Stephanie

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Coastal Resources Center

ADDRESS: P.O. Box 3084

San Rafael, CA

94912

PHONE: 415-527-3346

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project, begun under grant NA86ABH00026, investigated alternative fishing methods to economically replace traditional gillnets and trammel nets, with the primary goal of reducing the incidental catch of birds and mammals in the California halibut fishery. Five possible alternatives were studied, and although two or three methods showed some promise, none caught halibut and other marketable species in numbers comparable to traditional entangling nets. The report describes the gear used and summarizes the effort and catch data using a Scottish seine, pair trawl, beam trawl, traps, and trolling. All fishing activity occurred in State waters (within three miles from shore) where the use of trawl nets has been generally prohibited in the past. While this study did not reveal a suitable alternative to the use of gill and trammel nets, it generated other valuable information. In addition to documented catches (or lack thereof) of seabirds and marine mammals, it generated information on gear research which was previously unavailable, and catch data for California halibut and other species by gear type.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK413	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-007
REPORT TITLE:		Alternative Gear Development:

Alternative</PRE> Fisheries and Reduction of Mortality to Young Fish; Hagfish Fishery Development

AUTHOR: Chieu, Minh Pham

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-27-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: Vietnamese Fishermen's Association of America

ADDRESS: 570 Tenth Street, Suite 306

Oakland, CA

94607

PHONE: 510-834-7971

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The objective of this project was to determine the most efficient trap fishing techniques for catching large Pacific hagfish, while at the same time avoiding capture of young hagfish. The report provides information on several factors relevant to the harvest of Pacific hagfish. Data are given on catch rates by season and depth, by fishing (soak) time of traps, and effects of distance between traps. Size of hagfish retained in traps with varied sizes of escape holes is also documented. The study suggests that certain fishing strategies will result in competitive catches of Pacific hagfish.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89ABHSK013	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-068
REPORT TITLE:		Alternative Gear Development:

Alternatives</PRE> to Gillnetting for White Croaker - 1988

AUTHOR: Vietnamese Fishermen's Association of America

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-10-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Vietnamese Fishermen's Association of America

ADDRESS: 570 Tenth Street, Suite 306

Oakland, CA

94607

PHONE: 510-834-7971

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The objectives of this study were to complete the work by the Vietnamese Fishermen's Association of America (VFAA) to examine alternative gear and methods for catching white croaker; to research harvesting techniques for Pacific hagfish and its life history characteristics; and to produce fish sauce from locally available underutilized fish such as anchovy and male herring. A total of 17 surround-net trips and seven pair-trawl trips (begun in grant NA88ABH00010) were conducted. The catch results of both methods were mostly negative. More research is needed to find suitable alternative methods for catching white croaker. The results of 20 hagfish fishing trips showed promise for a profitable alternative fishery. However, other options are needed for small-boat fishermen because the hagfish fishery is still not a consistent year-round fishery, and cannot absorb all displaced gillnet fishermen. Production of a high quality fish sauce was accomplished.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88ABH00009	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-003
REPORT TITLE:		Alternative Gear Development:

Trapping</PRE> California Halibut and Sheep Crab

AUTHOR: Beguhl, Phillip

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-27-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: Phillip Beguhl

ADDRESS: P.O. Box 6886

Santa Barbara, CA

93160

PHONE: 805-967-8393

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project investigated the feasibility of using specially designed fish traps to catch California halibut, angel sharks, and large male sheep crab in commercial quantities. Eleven variations of large rectangular fish traps made with galvanized or vinyl-coated wire were constructed, and a total of 360 individual traps were set. It was concluded that fish traps of the type used in this study are definitely not viable alternatives to gillnets for catching California halibut and angel shark. However, the use of traps with enlarged entrances showed promise of being effective for catching large male sheep crab, and suggested this fishery be studied further to learn its true commercial potential.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89ABH00020	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-052
REPORT TITLE:		An Economic Analysis of the Japanese

Salmon</PRE> Market: Consumption Patterns and the Role of Inventories

AUTHOR: Wilen, James E.; Carter, Colin A. and Wessells, Cathy R.

PUBLISH DATE: Feb-01-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project explored the links between the Japanese salmon market and U.S. ex-vessel salmon prices. It developed a statistical overview of world salmon trade patterns and explored existing conceptual methods for estimating seafood demand. The project also developed and tested some models of the Japanese market for salmon and the transmission of that demand to U.S. ex-vessel prices. A major conclusion that emerges from this project is that the Japanese market for salmon is more complicated than previous studies suggest.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK124	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-008
REPORT TITLE:		California's Living Marine Resources

and</PRE> Their Utilization

AUTHOR: Dewees, Christopher M.

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-09-1993

AVAILABLE FROM: University of California

ADDRESS: Sea Grant Extension Program

Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Biology

Order No. UCSGEP-02-12

Davis, CA

95616-8751

PHONE: 916-752-1497

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project updated and expanded the 1971 edition of California's Living Marine Resources and Their Utilization. The 257-page book concisely summarizes the current biological, historical, statistical, and economic information on all important California fisheries and related marine resources (birds and mammals).<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88ABHSK003	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-012
REPORT TITLE:		Charter Boat Sport Fishery Feasibility

Study</PRE> - Yap State

AUTHOR: Rick Gaffney & Associates, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Jul-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report provides details of an investigation into the feasibility of a charter boat sport fishery for Yap State. The study examined successful sport fishing operations in Hawaii, Guam and Saipan. It details: type and design of vessels used; gear requirements; duration of fishing trips; service provided on vessels; crew requirements and qualifications; insurance costs; safety regulations; shore support and facilities; promotion costs; charge-out rates; dispositon of fish caught; profitability; and problems and future outlook. The report makes suggestions in each of these categories for the development of a charter boat sport fishery for Yap State.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88ABHSK003	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-020
REPORT TITLE:		Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana

Islands</PRE> - Ika-Shibi

AUTHOR: Pacific Fisheries Development Foundation

PUBLISH DATE: Aug-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report documents the first effort to transport ika-shibi technology to the Northern Mariana Islands from Hawaii. The study included exploratory surveys of potential yellowfin tuna fishing grounds, testing ika-shibi methodology as a means of harvesting identified resources, and providing training and experience in ika-shibi fishing techniques. The project demonstrated that ika-shibi fishing is feasible within the local industry. Since the method can be used to catch species other than yellowfin, some of which occurs in shallower water close to shore, the likelihood of the future use of ika-shibi fishing is high.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86ABH00024	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-007
REPORT TITLE:		Deep-Water Shrimp Survey and

Feasibility</PRE> Study, Republic of Palau, Western Caroline Islands

AUTHOR: Saunders, W.B. and Hastie, Lee C.

PUBLISH DATE: Feb-01-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=============================================================

This report on Palau's deep-water shrimp survey project provides population profiles of deep-sea crustacean species, a determination of potential yields, and an indication of cost effectiveness of a deep-water shrimp fishery. The report also includes a detailed account of equipment, techniques and supplies needed to duplicate the project elsewhere.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA85ABH00038	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-102
REPORT TITLE:		Development and Application of a

Predictive</PRE> Model to Analyze the Economic Effects of Species Availability

AUTHOR: Hanemann, W. Michael; Wegge, Thomas C. and Strand, Ivar E. Jr.

PUBLISH DATE: Jun-01-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

Order No. ADM-SWR89-02

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

09802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report presents the findings of a two-year study on how the availability of key marine species and changes in fishing quality impact the economic value of marine recreational fishing in Southern California. The primary study objective was to develop an analytical framework capable of analyzing a range of economic effects. Analytical models were constructed and applied to different fishery conditions. The results show that fishing quality influences participation in different sport fishing activities, which, in turn, affects the value to anglers and to businesses supported by angler spending.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK144	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-009
REPORT TITLE:		Development of a Commercial Abalone</PRE> Aquaculture

Feed

AUTHOR: Gregorio, Dominic

PUBLISH DATE: Sep-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The purpose of this project was to develop an artificial diet as a viable alternative to kelp as a feed for cultured abalone. Abalone farms in the United States have had to rely on fresh kelp as a feed, making the continued growth and development of the industry directly related to the health, extent and availability of natural kelp beds. Twelve extruded variables and five flake variables were comparison tested with fresh kelp as a feed for both red and green abalone. The artificial diets developed in this project can improve the economics of abalone culture by increasing growth rates and improving operational efficiencies.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK153	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-005
REPORT TITLE:		Development of a Comprehensive Plan for

a</PRE> Marine Recreational Fishery Conservation Education Program

AUTHOR: Thornton, Stephanie

PUBLISH DATE: Jan-12-1993

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The purpose of this project was to develop, with the participation of the recreational fishing industry, an "Action Plan" for establishing a conservation education program for marine recreational fishermen. The completed plan outlines 19 recommendations that, if implemented, will not only provide a more complete profile of the marine recreational fishing industry, but will also establish mechanisms for outreach to this diverse group.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK142	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-004
REPORT TITLE:		Development of the West Coast Fishery

for</PRE> Pacific Hagfish

AUTHOR: Melvin, Edward F. and Osborn, Steven A

PUBLISH DATE: May-01-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: University of California

ADDRESS: Sea Grant Extension Program

P.O. Box 480

Moss Landing, CA

95039

PHONE: 408-633-2092

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project addressed problems affecting the development of a profitable and sustainable West Coast Pacific hagfish fishery. Studies were conducted to characterize and develop means to control skin quality problems, to develop gear and techniques that select more and larger hagfish, and to develop industry recommendations for capturing and handling Pacific hagfish. <PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86ABH00024	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-015
REPORT TITLE:		Federated States of Micronesia Fish Poisoning</PRE>

Investigations

AUTHOR: Pacific Fisheries Development Foundation

PUBLISH DATE: Oct-01-1988

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project addressed the problem of normally edible species of coral reef fishes becoming toxic to humans in certain localized reef areas of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). Methods of detection of this fish poisoning were investigated. Fish samples from various areas of Micronesia were collected and tested by bioassay methods at qualified research institutions in Tahiti, Fiji, Hawaii and Japan. The ciguatera "poke-stick" test, developed at the University of Hawaii, was also investigated, and several chief fishery officers from FSM were trained in conducting this test. All test results indicated that many of the fish poisonings in the FSM were due to ciguatera or ciguatera-like compounds. Results showed that the poke-stick tests compared well with the bioassay results on replicate samples of the same fish tested at the different institutions. The project recommended that capability for applying the poke-stick test on fishes be developed in Micronesia.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA88ABHSK003 NMFS NUMBER:

SWR-033</PRE>
REPORT TITLE:		Giant Clam Farming
AUTHOR:			Heslinga, Gerald; Watson, Thomas and Isany,

Theofanes

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project produced a manual which describes methods developed between 1979 and 1989 in the Republic of Palau for the cultivation of giant clams. Designed to be a practical and comprehensive guide, the manual is composed of the following chapters arranged to guide readers from general to specific topics: 1) Meet the Giant Clam; 2) Ocean Culture of Giant Glams; 3) Building the Giant Clam Hatchery; and 4) Operating the Giant Clam Hatchery. A video tape entitled, "Giant Clam Farming" is also available. Much of the video was filmed in several Indo-Pacific nations where clams are currently being cultivated.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA88ABHSK003 NMFS NUMBER:

SWR-016</PRE>
REPORT TITLE:		Guam Charter Boat Feasibility Study
AUTHOR:			Rick Gaffney &amp; Associates,

Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Jul-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report provides details of an investigation to assess the potential and feasibility of charter boat fishing on Guam. The study found that Guam provides all the requirements for a successful and economically feasible charter boat sport fishing industry--a dependable, accessible stock of game fish; various infrastructural improvements; community and governmental support; and a dependable number of customers. However, the charter boat fishing industry on Guam does need assistance in upgrading of marina and dry dock facilities, obtaining low cost insurance and financing, and marketing and promotion of the industry. The information provided can be used by government officials, planners, citizens groups, loan personnel, investors, and charter boat owners and operators to more completely analyze participation in and/or development of the sport fishing industry on Guam.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89ABH00009	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-033
REPORT TITLE:		Guam Drydock Preliminary

Feasibility</PRE> Analysis

AUTHOR: Edward K. Noda and Associates, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report evaluates the feasibility of an intermediate sized drydock facility (capacity for vessels up to 80 feet in length) which could provide haul-out and a suitable work area on land. The report is based on original analytic planning and pre-design estimates. Its basis as to fleet mix and market is largely dependent on existing information. As such, the report is a review of available information and an evaluation of alternative drydock facilities which might be considered for support of commercial fishing or other vessels of similar size. The report describes four types of facilities which might be located at any suitable site. A suitable site should meet some key criteria such as proximity to sheltered and navigable marine waters, availability of utilities, and a suitable neighborhood for light-industrial land/marine use. Based on a strict accounting of costs, the report concluded that at the time of the study, the market in Guam was not large enough to justify the cost of any new facility.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86ABH00024	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-023
REPORT TITLE:		Hawaiian Tuna Handline Fishery Exploration</PRE> and

Development

AUTHOR: Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources

PUBLISH DATE: Nov-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project conducted exploratory fishing to find potential new fishing grounds. This project also funded the Ika-shibi Workshop (October 23-24, l989) held in conjunction with the Pacific Fisheries Development Foundation's Seventh Annual Fishery Officers' Workshop. The workshop brought representatives of the U.S. affiliated Pacific Islands, ika-shibi fishermen, fish marketers, and other experts together to share knowledge about the successful tuna handline fisheries in Hawaii. The exploratory fishing in non-traditional areas by a single fishing boat was not particularly successful in comparison to fishing by a group of fishing boats in traditional areas. Observation and fishing activity were logged, but the problem of recruiting fishermen prevented a large-scale effort which might have yielded more meaningful results. A tracking study of tuna caught by handline off the Kona coast of the island of Hawaii yielded significant information on tuna and marlin behavior--potentially useful to fishermen.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88ABH00020	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-008
REPORT TITLE:		Increasing the Use of Underutilized Fish

and</PRE> Fishing Opportunities by California Anglers: The Use of On-Board Refrigeration and New Marketing Strategies

AUTHOR: Dewees, Christopher M. and Andrews,

Elizabeth J.

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-01-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project addressed poor economic performance of California's commercial passenger-carrying fishing vessel (CPFV) fleet, and negative angler attitudes about underutilized species. An indepth survey of California CPFV vessel owners and anglers, conducted under grant NA86ABH00029, identified several potential industry improvements and marketing opportunities for decreasing waste and attracting more customers. This study tested strategies derived from the survey data. A demonstration on- board refrigeration system was designed, installed and evaluated in an effort to increase customer satisfaction. Angler, vessel owner and crew response was very positive. Two marketing strategies were also tested as a means of attracting more customers to the CPFV fleet. A direct mail promotional brochure targeted at corporations was not effective. A customized computer mailing system to target specific clientele was developed and shows promise.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA85ABH00040 NMFS NUMBER:

SWR-311</PRE> REPORT TITLE: Kosrae Pole-and-Line Tuna Fishing - 1985

AUTHOR: Pacific Fisheries Development

Foundation

PUBLISH DATE: Jun-01-1988

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The project results indicated that pole-and-line tuna fishing might support a small industry for local consumption, but expansion beyond a local consumption industry would not be economically viable because of the limitations of the natural bait supply. It was concluded that other techniques may be necessary if Kosrae is to gain benefits from the pelagic resources in its immediate vicinity.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA88ABHSK003 NMFS NUMBER:

SWR-025</PRE> REPORT TITLE: Kosrae Village Boat Ramps

AUTHOR: Edward K. Noda and Associates,

Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: August-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The purpose of this study was to identify potential sites for fishing vessel haulout/launching ramps and to provide design criteria and plans for construction of the ramps by the State of Kosrae. This report describes the evaluations for siting of ramp facilities in each of the major districts on the Island, and provides design criteria and plans for specific recommended improvements at three locations.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86ABH00030	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-065
REPORT TITLE:		On-Board Handling of Albacore Tuna for</PRE> Alternative

Markets

AUTHOR: Price, Robert J. and Melvin, Edward F.

PUBLISH DATE: May-15-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: University of California

ADDRESS: Sea Grant Publication System

P.O. Box 480

Moss Landing, CA

95039

PHONE: 916-752-2193

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The objectives of this research project were to determine the shelf life of fresh and frozen albacore tuna under controlled handling and storage conditions, and to determine the effects of handling techniques, freezing methods, and storage conditions on albacore quality. The results were used to develop specific recommendations on handling practices, freezing methods, and length of storage for optimum quality to enable industry to achieve wider acceptance of albacore tuna into alternative non-cannery markets.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89ABH00009	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-034
REPORT TITLE:		One Step Sol Particle Immunoassay for

the</PRE> Detection of Ciguatoxin and Related Polyether Toxins in Fish Tissues

AUTHOR: Sakuda, Henry and Hokama, Yoshitsugi

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-20-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This study presents the development of a highly simplified solid phase colored latex immunobead assay for the detection of ciguatoxin and related polyethers. This procedure was compared with a stick enzyme immunoassay previously reported. Chi square analysis of two separate experiments 153 and 283 fish of various species gave X2 values of p < 0.001 and p < 0.005 respectively (24). Agreement between the two procedures with 26 fish (N = 26) implicated in ciguatera poisoning was 100%. Assessment in the field showed encouraging results. The procedure appears to be simple and applicable to field use.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89ABH00019	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-069
REPORT TITLE:		Production and Valuation Study of

an</PRE> Artificial Reef Off Southern California

AUTHOR: Barnett, Arthur M. and Johnson, Thomas D.

PUBLISH DATE: Apr-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: City of Long Beach

ADDRESS: Harbor Department

Port Planning Division

925 Harbor Plaza

Long Beach, CA

90802

PHONE: 213-590-4160

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report defines the value of an existing artificial reef offshore southern California for fisheries production versus aggregation. Profit data are used to compare the habitat values of the rock reef to the soft sand bottom habitats within the Los Angeles/Long Beach Harbor. The data gathered will enable State and Federal resource agencies to determine whether reefs are an appropriate mitigation measure for compensating fish losses due to landfills within the harbor. The study also provides agencies an effective means of quantifying production so that ratios among soft and hard bottom habitats may be compared.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89ABH00022	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-067
REPORT TITLE:		Production of a Booklet on Commercial

Fishing</PRE> Vessel Safety in Vietnamese

AUTHOR: Regents of University of California

PUBLISH DATE: Apr-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Regents of University of California

ADDRESS: 300 Lakeshore Drive, 6th Floor

Oakland, CA

94612-3560

PHONE: 415-987-0050

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project translated fishing vessel safety information into the Vietnamese language. The resulting booklet can be used for training Vietnamese fishing vessel crews.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA89ABH00024 NMFS NUMBER:

SWR-071</PRE> REPORT TITLE: Proposition 65 Compliance

AUTHOR: National Fisheries Education and Research

Foundation, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Jul-01-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: National Fisheries Education and Research Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 1525 Wilson Blvd., Suite 500

Arlington, VA

22209

PHONE: 703-524-4616

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project provided a technical analysis to the seafood industry to assist in the determination of whether consumer warnings were needed for fish and shellfish products in California in compliance with The Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of l986 (also known as Proposition 65). The analysis conducted included a literature search to establish the levels of chemicals known to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity in fish and shellfish; a determination of the naturally occurring status of lead and methyl mercury; an analysis of the risk assessments on certain chemicals known to be found in fish; a California consumption survey on popular species of fish and shellfish; and an examination of warning options for the seafood industry. A total of 34,845 abstracts was scanned in the literature search which produced 925 papers. These papers were reviewed and used to prepare reports on the levels of chemicals in seafood for those chemicals regulated under Proposition 65. The seafood consumption survey conducted provided estimates of the per capita consumption for the general population of California, but not for that portion of the population that consumes fish as is now believed to be needed for risk assessment determinations. This report summarizes project findings and includes six appendices. <PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88ABHSK003	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-034
REPORT TITLE:		Regional Fish Poison Investigations

and</PRE> Training With Poke-Stick Test - Year 2

AUTHOR: Pacific Fisheries Development Foundation

PUBLISH DATE: Apr-01-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The first phase of this project, under grant NA86ABH00024, established the usefulness of the Poke-Stick Test for ciguatera poisoning for tropical species of fish. To build and expand on the knowledge gained in that phase, this project provided additional support to supply and implement pilot on-island fish toxicity testing stations, in hopes that the usefulness of these stations would be demonstrated to the local governments so that the program would continue with local funding. The project was implemented with 20 technicians trained to test for fish poisoning. A training workshop was held in Pohnpei and a technician was brought from the University of Hawaii Medical School to assist with the training. Information on the workshop was presented at the South Pacific Commission Regional Technical Meeting on Fisheries and at the 7th International Coral Reef Symposium.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK233	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-054
REPORT TITLE:		Regional Yield Trials for Commercially

Valuable Giant Clams, Phase I. Tridacna gigas and <em</PRE> u>Tridacna derasa<PRE&g t;

AUTHOR:			Heslinga, Gerald
PUBLIS DATE:		Apr-01-1993
AVAILABLE FROM:	Micronesian Mariculture Demonstration Center
				ADDRESS:	P.O. Box 359</PRE>

Koror, Palau, TT

94940<PRE>

				PHONE:	206-526-6117</PRE>

<H1>ABSTRACT</H1>

=================================================================

The objectives of this project were to transfer giant clam seed and new ocean nursery culture technology to participating U.S.- affiliated Pacific islands; establish populations of the subject species where they are absent or extinct; and conduct yield trials at cottage-scale clam farms. The cottage-industry concept was introduced on this project because it involves a higher level of management and production than small demonstration-scale farms, and is more likely to be profitable. This report describes the establishment of ocean farms for giant clams in Palau, American Samoa, Saipan, Yap, Chuuk, and Kosrae in 1991, and evaluates the performance of two commercially important clam species, Tridacna gigas and Tridacna derasa, in replicated plots on these farms.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88ABHSK003	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-028
REPORT TITLE:		Research and Development of a Processed

Fish</PRE> Jerky Product Using Off-Grade Tuna

AUTHOR: Kowalski, Bill and Souter, W.D.

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project addressed a need to develop markets and uses for off-grade tuna in Hawaii as well as other Pacific islands. An experimental effort to produce a dehydrated fish jerky by utilizing solar energy was conducted. Solar ovens, specially designed to intensify solar radiation and air flow, were used. The fish jerky produced was well accepted and several independent firms planned to start drying fish. The report presents findings related to production and marketing of fish jerky, including cost savings in processing, long term storage of the product, and other information of significant value for future fish jerky operations.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA89ABHSK003 NMFS NUMBER:

SWR-064</PRE>
REPORT TITLE:		Sacramento River Squawfish Project

AUTHOR: Laveen, William D.

PUBLISH DATE: May-25-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The original objectives of the project were to determine if squawfish could be caught and retained in a fish trap, and to determine whether squawfish could be sold profitably in the San Francisco Bay area. Rod and reel fishing showed some promise. Traps proved ineffective for catching squawfish, but were effective for catching hardhead. The marketing portion of the project was cancelled when high levels of dioxin were found in the flesh of the fish, thus eliminating any possibility of developing a commercial market.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89ABH00009	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-002
REPORT TITLE:		Sea Cucumber Fishery Development

in</PRE> Micronesia

AUTHOR: Richmond, Robert H.

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-05-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project continued work on sea cucumber resource assessment, larval biology, aquaculture potential, and technology transfer in Micronesia under Grant No. NA88ABHSK003. This report presents the basic biological information collected for the purpose of developing a sustainable sea cucumber fishery. It is expected to contribute to the present body of literature on tropical holothurians. <PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86ABH00039	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-003B
REPORT TITLE:		Seafood Retail Training School for

Southern</PRE> California

AUTHOR: Lee & Associates, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Oct-30-1988

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report summarizes a two-year effort to establish an ongoing seafood education and training program in southern California designed for retailers at various levels, including corporate executives, department managers, and seafood buyers and clerks. A pilot seminar was developed using the most current information and training materials available. Instructors were selected to fit the program needs of each supermarket chain that participated in this project. Interviews with seafood wholesalers and their supermarket customers added to the fine-tuning of this training program. The program is expected to continue through self-sufficient means with the help of the seafood industry.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA89ABH00007 NMFS NUMBER:

SWR-042</PRE> REPORT TITLE: South Pacific Albacore Tagging Project

AUTHOR: Laurs, R. Michael and Nishimoto,

Robert

PUBLISH DATE: Oct-11-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Fisheries Science Center

8604 La Jolla Shores Drive

La Jolla, CA

92038

PHONE: 619-546-7066

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report summarizes information on albacore tagging conducted by U.S. fishermen during the 1988-89 South Pacific fishing season. The number of albacore targeted for tagging and release was 1,500. Tagging method and procedures are detailed in this report. Tagging data records have been entered into the South Pacific albacore tagging data base to aid in estimating stock size and maximum sustainable yield. A constant update will be necessary due to tag losses experienced with the gillnet fleet in the South Pacific.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA16FD0146-01	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-050
REPORT TITLE:		Sponge Aquaculture Feasibility Study in

Yap</PRE> State

AUTHOR:			Bridgeland, William C.<PRE>
PUBLISH DATE:		Jun-01-1992
AVAILABLE FROM:	Yap Fishing Authority
				ADDRESS:	Yap State</PRE>

Marine Resources Management Division

P.O. Box 338

Colonia, Yap, FSM, TT

96943<PRE>

				PHONE:	691-350-2196</PRE>

<H1>ABSTRACT</H1>

=================================================================

This project was undertaken to evaluate the potential for sponge aquaculture in Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia. The report provides the results of a survey to investigate the relative abundance and distribution of the commercially valuable sponge, S. officinalis, in Yap. Although none of the exploratory dives in Yap proper revealed the presence of this sponge, it was found in the lagoons of three outer atolls of Yap State. The survey indicated that there were enough naturally occurring sponges on two of the atolls to provide seed stock for aquaculture operations. Recommendations for the further development of sponge aquaculture in Yap State are included in the report. In conjunction with this project, two Micronesians were trained in scuba and benthic study techniques.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK158	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-074
REPORT TITLE:		Study of the Longline Fishery in Guam:  Assessment of the Market and

Economic</PRE> Impacts

AUTHOR: Bartram, P.K.; Bourland, J.; Gates P.D.; Kaneko, J.J. and Seth, O.

PUBLISH DATE: Jul-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: Department of Commerce, Government of Guam

ADDRESS: 590 South Marine Drive, Suite 601

GITC Building

Tamuning, GM

96911

PHONE: 671-646-5841

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The objective of this project was to provide an assessment of the socio-economic impact of the longline fishery on Guam and to determine the significant factors that affect the industry and how they interact with the domestic fishery. The project resulted in an information base to assist in making knowledgeable decisions regarding management of the resource, infrastructure support, and means to capture greater economic benefit on Guam. This information includes factors responsible for the rapid growth of the industry; Guam's niche in the Japanese sashimi tuna market; the marketing of "reject" tuna; the price structure for the species involved; the fresh tuna marketing and distribution system in Japan; possible alternative markets for certain sizes and grades of tuna; the impacts of tuna transshipment on Guam's economy and domestic fishery; Guam's competitive advantage in fresh tuna transshipment; and the potential for further development of the industry.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA84ABH00043	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-306
REPORT TITLE:		Topminnow Test Fishing Project and

Topminnow</PRE> and Baitfish Test Fishing Project

AUTHOR: Oishi, Francis

PUBLISH DATE: Feb-01-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The objective of this project, started under grant NA83ABH00056, was to study the effectiveness of cultured Mexican topminnows as an alternative baitfish in Hawaiian fisheries, particularly skipjack tuna. This report presents details of 125 sea trials primarily using pole and line fishing. Project results indicate that cultured Mexican topminnows are an effective and acceptable baitfish alternative, but common use of them will depend on a regular and adequate supply.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA89ABHSK009 NMFS NUMBER:

SWR-026</PRE> REPORT TITLE: Truk Handline Demonstration Project

AUTHOR: Pacific Fisheries Development

Foundation

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, Ca

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The objective of this project was to promote the development of a small scale tuna handline fishery in the State of Chuuk. About 100 fishing trips were conducted, which together produced about 2,000 lbs. of tuna and other pelagic fish. Most areas in and around Truk Lagoon were surveyed and about thirty fishermen were trained in fishing and fish handling.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA86ABH00036 NMFS NUMBER:

SWR-061</PRE> REPORT TITLE: Truth in Seafood Advertising

AUTHOR: West Coast Fisheries Development

Foundation

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-01-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project produced a publication entitled, "Menu and Advertising Guidelines for California Restaurants, Retailers and Their Seafood Suppliers." This handbook provides correct names for more than 1,000 species of finfish and shellfish along with guidelines for their use in menus and advertisements. Use of these guidelines for acceptable and preferred seafood names will eliminate confusion about seafood names seen on menus and in advertising.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA89ABH00021 NMFS NUMBER:

SWR-066</PRE>
REPORT TITLE:		Utilization of Crustacean Waste

AUTHOR: Haard, N.F. and Dimes, N.

PUBLISH DATE: May-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

Carotenoprotein from crustacean process waste is potentially a valuable by-product for use as a food or feed ingredient. Although high yield of the protein has been accomplished with the aid of a pure enzyme, trypsin, the high cost of this process limits its adoption by the industry. The overall goal of this project was to modify and refine the trypsin hydrolysis technique so as to develop a process which has potential as an economical technology. This report describes the research conducted to achieve this goal. The results demonstrated that inexpensive technical grade trypsin appears to be a promising alternative to pure trypsin for the recovery of protein from crustacean process waste.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88ABH00018	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-005
REPORT TITLE:		West Coast Fisheries Economic

Assessment</PRE> Model: Central and Southern California Segment

AUTHOR: Jensen, William and Radtke, Hans

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-01-1988

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project completed the development of the West Coast Fisheries Assessment Model. The purpose of the model is to determine the economic impact of current seafood landings upon harvesters, processors, fishing communities and States from Bellingham, WA to San Diego, CA; and provide evaluations of the economic impact of management decisions and changing natural phenomena upon these same sectors. The model and its database are now operable in a "compiled version" for use with most desktop microcomputers. Interested parties, including fishermen, processors and local businesses, fishery managers, and State and Federal policy-makers, will have an opportunity to evaluate the impacts of change in both landings and operational characteristics such as species mix or changing market forms. The valuation process can respond to many questions related to the economic impacts of changes, given the structure of the industry and landings.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK699	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-006
REPORT TITLE:		West Coast Groundfish Mesh Size Study

-</PRE> 1990

AUTHOR: Pikitch, E.K.; Erickson, D.L.; Wallace, J.R. And Skalski, J.R.

PUBLISH DATE: Oct-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: University of Washington

ADDRESS: Center for Quantitative Science, HR-20

Seattle, WA

98195

PHONE: 206-543-1513

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The primary objective of this project was to develop a basis for a change in management which could provide the economic status of the fishery, enhance yields, reduce discards, streamline and simplify management measures and the associated costs, and reduce the regulatory burden on the industry. This report summarizes the l990 West Coast Groundfish Mesh Size Study field work accomplishments. The study examined three trawl fishing strategies: Deep-Water Dover (DWD), Near Shore Mixed (NSM), and Bottom Rockfish (BRF). Twenty-six experimental trips were conducted on board 19 different commercial trawl vessels during a 4.5 month period. The geographic distribution of sampling effort ranged from the U.S.-Canadian border to Pt. Conception, CA. A total of 244 non-aborted experimental tows were sampled, and 73,409 fish length measurements were recorded. Tables of field study findings are provided in this report. Data collected in 1990 complemented data collected in l988 (grant NA88ABH00017) and 1989 (grant NA89ABH00011) by acquiring data representative of the four major bottom trawl strategies used off California, Oregon, and Washington.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88ABH00019	NMFS NUMBER:	SWR-006
REPORT TITLE:		West Coast Recreational Fisheries Economic</PRE> Assessment

Model

AUTHOR: Jensen, William and Radtke, Hans

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-01-1988

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southwest Region

501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200

Long Beach, CA

90802-4213

PHONE: 310-980-4030

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The Recreational Fisheries Economic Assessment Model used the same basic concepts that were developed for the West Coast Fisheries Economic Assessment Model under grant NA88ABH00018. Because it uses the same basic concepts, it is useful in comparing alternative resource allocation decisions. It has, however, some major components that are different. These are: 1) fee supervised fishermen, 2) independent fishermen, and 3) local and out-of-area fishermen. For estimating the impact of recreational fishing, it is important to specifically define the fishing patron since the impacts will vary greatly. The recreational model can be used to estimate the total economic impact associated with recreational fishing and the total economic impact that can be viewed as contributing to economic development.

<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK006	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-051
REPORT TITLE:		A Comparison of the Catch from Two Types

of</PRE> Shrimp Nets Off South Carolina

AUTHOR: Stender, B.W. and Barans, C.A.

PUBLISH DATE: Oct-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 803-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The objective of this project was to compare the bycatch reducing capabilities of two commonly used types of nets in the U.S. South Atlantic shrimp fishery: the two-seam net and the tongue trawl. The study determined that variation in catch of bycatch species was due, primarily, to distribution of the species in the water column, rather than to differences in the towing characteristics of nets in different conditions. The study also determined that major differences in bycatch levels were due to yearly variability in catch of various invertebrates and shrimp. Catches of Spanish mackerel during the study indicate that further investigation to evaluate the effect of shrimp fishing on local populations is warranted.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88WCHSK067	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-012
REPORT TITLE:		A Program to Increase Demand for</PRE>

Underutilized Species Among Marine Recreational Fishermen of the Southeast - Year 4

AUTHOR: Griffith, D.; Johnson, J.C. and Murray, J.D.

PUBLISH DATE: Oct-01-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: East Carolina University

ADDRESS: Institute for Coastal and Marine Resources

Mamie Jenkins Building

Greenville, NC

27858-4353

PHONE: 919-757-6779

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report covers fourth year activities of a multi-faceted project directed at increasing demand for underutilized species among recreational fishermen, using a combination of research and educational tools. Building on positive response to previous years' efforts, this project upgraded the educational materials, increased their distribution, and evaluated their impacts on anglers' behavior. A slide-tape program, outlining ways anglers may increase their utilization of a variety of underutilized species, was converted into an action video, and high demand educational brochures were reprinted. Evaluation of the project's educational efforts showed a positive influence on actual angling behavior, primarily by teaching new and inexperienced anglers about the benefits of underutilized species before they have been exposed to misinformation that might inhibit the use of many saltwater species.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA17FD0103-01	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-023A
REPORT TITLE:		A Research Plan Addressing Finfish Bycatch

in</PRE> the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic Shrimp Fisheries AUTHOR: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Aug-01-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This research plan responds to a l990 Magnuson Act Incidental Harvest Amendment requiring development of a research program and process for evaluating management options to address finfish bycatch in the shrimp fisheries. The objective of the plan is to implement a sound research program designed to address all aspects of shrimp finfish bycatch through a practical and cooperative process. This detailed strategic planning initiative addresses finfish bycatch research, gear development, gear and non-gear management options, sociological and economic impacts, and information/education on bycatch issues. It is designed to include the offshore, nearshore, and inshore waters shrimp fisheries of the entire Gulf of Mexico and southeastern Atlantic areas. The major problems have been incorporated into eight research objectives, each of which has been subdivided into tasks with appropriate projects assigned to each task. In addition to this detailed document, a summary document is available.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88WCHSK070	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-021D
REPORT TITLE:		Allocating Recreational-Commercial

Fishery</PRE> Harvests: Literature Reviews and Preliminary Work Toward Modeling the Issue

AUTHOR: Easley, J.E., Jr.

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-24-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project reviewed the fishery economics literature relevant to valuing harvests in an allocation model. It presents results of early exploration into many of the issues that will have to be addressed in developing a derived-demand based model for allocation of commercial and recreational harvests. There is optimism that such a model can be developed as a guide to economists and managers; however, much remains to be modeled and refined before an allocation model can be applied.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK049	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-038
REPORT TITLE:		Alternatives to Clamshell for the</PRE>

Rehabilitation and Construction of Oyster Reefs

AUTHOR: Soniat, Thomas M.; Broadhurst, Robert C. III. and Haywood, Edward L. III

PUBLISH DATE: Feb-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: University of New Orleans

ADDRESS: Department of Biological Sciences

New Orleans, LA

70148

PHONE: 504-286-7042

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The effectiveness of clamshell, limestone, gravel, and crushed roadbed (concrete) as substrate for settlement of the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, was compared in field and laboratory experiments. A method to produce cultchless oysters using gypsum was also investigated. Limestone proved to be an economically feasible, biologically acceptable, and environmentally benign alternative to clamshell as cultch for oysters. Crushed roadbed and gravel were not viable alternatives. Gypsum attracted setting larvae and, since it dissolves in sea water, it can be used to produce cultchless oysters. Gypsum stabilized with concrete should be a suitable cultch, but further research is needed.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA17FL0091-01	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-001
REPORT TITLE:		Alternatives to Clamshell for the</PRE>

Rehabilitation and Construction of Oyster Reefs: The Use of Gypsum as Cultch for the American Oyster, Crassostrea virginica

AUTHOR: Soniat, Thomas M. and Haywood, Edward L., III

PUBLISH DATE: Feb-05-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: University of New Orleans

ADDRESS: Department of Biology

New Orleans, LA

70148

PHONE: 504-286-7042

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

Cement-stabilized gypsum, clamshell, and Mexican limestone were tested for their attractiveness to larvae of the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica. In previous work conducted under grant NA90AAHSK049, gypsum was found to effectively attract larvae, but its rapid dissolution in seawater precluded its use as cultch. In this study, crushed gypsum was mixed in a 1:1 weight to weight ratio with portland cement in an attempt to stabilize the material. Solubility tests showed no significant difference between initial and final weights of gypsum/cement rocks after exposure to seawater for two months. Field tests of the three cultch materials showed that clamshell attracted significantly fewer spat per dry liter of cultch than did gypsum/cement or Mexican limestone, which were not significantly different from one another. Laboratory test results showed no significant difference among any of the cultches in their larval-attracting capabilities.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK008	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-050
REPORT TITLE:		An Evaluation of At-Sea Handling Practices:

</PRE> Effects on Sea Scallop Meat Quality, Volume and Integrity AUTHOR: DuPaul, W.D.; Fisher, R.A. and Kirkley, J.A.

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The purpose of this project was to evaluate and modify, if necessary, existing commercial at-sea handling practices as they affect sea scallop quality, volume (weight) and meat integrity. Comprehensive studies were conducted during the summer months on three different commercial fishing vessels. Thermal abuse, as a result of traditional handling practices, adversely affected the product quality, water retention characteristics and processing "performance" of sea scallops. This report documents the information and data collected, and makes recommendations to improve the handling of scallops on vessels. These recommendations can be easily adopted by captains and crews.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK655	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-052A
REPORT TITLE:		An Industry-Derived Limited Entry

Framework</PRE> for the Florida Spiny Lobster Fishery

AUTHOR: Orbach, Michael K. and Johnson, Jeffrey C.

PUBLISH DATE: Nov-06-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project, started under grant NA90AAHSK001, was a two-year effort to develop an industry-wide limited entry framework for the Florida spiny lobster fishery. Its successful conclusion resulted in implementation, through new legislation, of the trap certificate effort management system in cooperation with the Organized Fishermen of Florida. The trap certification program in the State of Florida is the first of its kind and includes many features new to U.S. fisheries management. The report provides detailed findings of this project which took a hard look at the effect of various fishery management regulations on fishermen and their families.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK007	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-053
REPORT TITLE:		Analysis of Domestic and Foreign

Market</PRE> Potential for Fresh, Frozen and Smoked Rex Eel Products

AUTHOR: Florida Department of Natural Resources

PUBLISH DATE: Aug-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project was designed to ascertain the market potential of various fresh, frozen and smoked rex eel products through test marketing and evaluation by a cross-section of domestic and foreign seafood, retail and foodservice companies. Due to numerous logistical problems, only frozen products were shipped to companies in Alaska, Canada and Germany for testing. Tests were conducted not only on the quality of the meat, but also on the potential market for tanned skin. All of the results were negative. The pinbones were the primary problem in the meat and the Canadian company reported that although the tanned skin was acceptable, the price of the tanned product was not competitive with similar skins from Asian companies. Based on the unanimous negative reports, it was concluded that the market potential for rex eel products is very limited at this time.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK018	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-034
REPORT TITLE:		Assessment of the Effects of the

Environment</PRE> on the Georgia Blue Crab Stock

AUTHOR: Rogers, S. Gordon; Arrendo, David J., and Latham, Sam N.

PUBLISH DATE: Sep-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project assessed the influence of the environment on blue crab stock fluctuations in coastal Georgia. This information is critical to the efficiency of decision making by the industry and the agencies responsible for the regulation of the fishery. It is also an important contribution to the general knowledge about the South Atlantic blue crab stock. The purely statistical product of this research is a preliminary, probabilistic prediction of blue crab abundance and harvest, important to both the picking plant and live trade. These predictions could be made up to three months in advance, taking the ecological implications into account. Recommendations for additional research are suggested.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA17FL0100-01	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-013
REPORT TITLE:		Assessment of the Socioeconomic Impact

of</PRE> Fishery Management Options Upon Gill Nets and Trammel Nets Fishermen in Puerto Rico: An Interdisciplinary Approach...Evaluation of Management Alternatives

AUTHOR: Pizzini, M. V.; Acosta, A; Griffith, D.C., and Perez, M. R.

PUBLISH DATE: Aug-01-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southeast Region

9450 Koger blvd.

St. Petersburg, FL

33702

PHONE: 813-893-3271

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project's objective was to understand the status of the gill net and trammel net fishery in Puerto Rico in order to assess the socio-economic impact of diverse management options for that fishery. This report discusses the validity and importance of several management options that could be structured for gill nets and trammel nets. It also adds information on the fishermen's perceptions of conflicts and problems in using such gear. Socio- economic information on fishermen is included. The information contained in this report is the result of literature review, historiographical search of archival data, analysis of fishermen's census data, government reports on effort, re- analysis of existing data bases on socio-economic aspects of the fishermen, a bio-technical analysis of the patterns of use and selectivity of gill and trammel nets, and a survey of 170 fishermen who use the said gear.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA17FD0109-01	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-028
REPORT TITLE:		Bioeconomic Characterization of

the</PRE> Commercial Shrimp Trawler Bycatch Landed in McClellanville, S.C. and Socioeconomic Description of Local Bycatch Consumers

AUTHOR: S.C. Aquaculture and Marine Programs International and Fisheries Information Management Systems, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-31-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: University of South Carolina

ADDRESS: Baruch Institute

Columbia, SC

29208

PHONE: 803-527-4489

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project focused on establishing an efficient method for acquiring socioeconomic and biological data on the shrimp bycatch fishery in McClellanville, and initiating a baseline data set on biosocioeconomic information related to bycatch. These data are necessary for comparison of the current situation to future changes, and for assessment of potential impacts of bycatch reduction strategies on fishermen and communities. This report details the survey and sampling instruments developed for the project, discusses results, and provides recommendations for future studies.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK048	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-003
REPORT TITLE:		Bycatch Reduction in South Atlantic

Shrimp</PRE> Trawls Using Three Designs of "Finfish Separator Devices"

AUTHOR: Rulifson, Roger A.; Murray, James D., and Bahen, James J.

PUBLISH DATE: Sep-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: University of North Carolina

ADDRESS: Sea Grant College Program

Attn: James D. Murray

Raleigh, NC

27695-8605

PHONE: 909-515-2454

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report provides information regarding the use of various designs of finfish separator devices (FSDs). Standard shrimp trawls used in the Southeastern U.S. commercial fishery were modified in an attempt to reduce the amount of bycatch retained during normal shrimp trawling procedures. A statistical sampling design was used to test the effectiveness of FSDs towed in combination with unmodified nets in coastal waters off Brunswick, Georgia, in 1990. The modified Parish Turtle Excluder Device was the only FSD that showed a significant reduction in total bycatch compared to the control net. Project findings indicate that no one FSD design will be ideal for all species, and some designs will work better than others under varying environmental conditions. Future management plans for bycatch reduction must be flexible.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88WCHSK071	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-030
REPORT TITLE:		Competitive Factors Affecting the

U.S.</PRE> Menhaden Industry in Domestic and International Markets

AUTHOR: Winfrey, Laura

PUBLISH DATE: Jul-28-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: National Fish Meal and Oil Association

ADDRESS: 1525 Wilson Blvd., Suite 500

Arlington, VA

22209

PHONE: 703-524-9216

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project analyzed the competitive factors affecting the U.S. fish meal and oil industry in domestic and international markets. Major factors affecting the competitiveness of U.S. fish oil exported to the European market were the government support programs provided by Japan and Norway to their fish oil industries and the financial support provided by the European Community to its oilseed sector. With regard to the domestic fish meal market, the project showed that even though Chile and Peru export substantial amounts of fish meal to the United States, neither country poses a competitive threat. The project report recommends that the U.S. menhaden industry support the attempts by the United Sates to encourage GATT members to reduce and eventually eliminate agriculture and fisheries support programs.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89WCHSK030	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-004
REPORT TITLE:		Contractual Services for Shellfish

Growing</PRE> Area Classification Consultation (Continuation)

AUTHOR: Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-30-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals

ADDRESS: Office of Public Health Services

P.O. Box 60630

New Orleans, LA

70160

PHONE: 504-342-5247

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project continued work started under grant NA88WCHSK069 to conduct sanitary surveys for the shellfish growing waters of Louisiana in order to bring the State into compliance with the FDA National Shellfish Sanitation Program. The project completed and published Sanitary Survey Reports for the Lower Atchafalaya-Terrebonne Basins, Lower Calcasieu-Sabine Basins, Lower Vermillion-Teche Basins and Lower Mermentau Basin. These reports also include recommendations to assist the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals, Office of Public Health Services, in developing a comprehensive ongoing shellfish sanitation program.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88WCHSK069	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-025
REPORT TITLE:		Contractual Services for Shellfish

Growing</PRE> Area Classification Consultation

AUTHOR: Kilgen, Marilyn B. and Ronald H.

PUBLISH DATE: May-31-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals

ADDRESS: Oyster Water Monitoring Division

P.O. Box 60630

New Orleans, LA

70160

PHONE: 504-342-5247

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project conducted a study that allowed completion of sanitary survey reports in two large estuaries in the State of Louisiana. Data on coliform bacteria levels, hydrology, tides, current and climatology, as they pertain to the overall water quality in the lower Barataria and Pontchartrain Basins, were obtained from diverse sources throughout Louisiana. These data were organized into a computerized data base in a format acceptable to FDA and used to evaluate the potential pollution contamination of oysters harvested for consumption. These sanitary survey reports represent the growing areas from which approximately 70% of the Louisiana oyster harvest is taken and are necessary for interstate commerce of molluscan shellfish. <PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89WCHSK114	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-020
REPORT TITLE:		Control of Hepatitis A Virus Contamination of</PRE> Shellfish by

Depuration

AUTHOR: Sobsey, Mark D.

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-17-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

ADDRESS: School of Public Health, 201H

Chapel Hill, NC

27514

PHONE: 919-966-3852

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project continued work started under grants NA86WCD06112 and NA88WCHSK068. The project investigated the effectiveness of controlled purification (depuration) used to reduce enteric microbial contaminants in bivalve mollusks harvested from contaminated waters. This study compared the process in reducing the levels of important human enteric viral pathogens such as hepatitis A (infectious hepatitis) virus (HAV) to those of: 1) poliovirus type 1, a human enteric virus previously studied in shellfish depuration systems; 2) bacteriophage MS-2, a virus infecting male strains of E. coli and a potential viral indicator; 3) E. coli, a prototype coliform bacterium; and 4) Streptococcus faecalis, a prototype fecal streptococcus or enterococcus, in experimentally contaminated Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and hardshell clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) subjected to various depuration conditions in a model, laboratory-scale system. Statistical analyses of the data indicated that there were differences in rates of reduction from both oysters and clams among the viruses and bacteria tested.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88WCHSK070	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-021K
REPORT TITLE:		Current National Status of the

Relationship</PRE> of Indicators, Human Enteric Pathogens and Potential Health Risks Within a Total Environmental Assessment

AUTHOR: Kilgen, Marilyn B.

PUBLISH DATE: Apr-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The primary objective of this project was to coordinate a national working group involving universities, Federal and State regulatory agencies, and the shellfish industry to develop a detailed planning document for a national shellfish indicator study. This study is needed to develop guidelines and standards for determining the health of shellfish grounds based on current needs and knowledge. The working group's efforts have resulted in a collaborative plan to address shellfish sanitation through the National Shellfish Pollution Indicator Study. The report provides information on developing the detailed planning document to accomplish the objectives of the study.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86WCH06108	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-006
REPORT TITLE:		Developing Marine Recreational Fishing

in</PRE> Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands

AUTHOR: Griffith, D.C.; Pizzini, M.V.; Johnson, J.; Murray, J.D. and Serano, R.C.

PUBLISH DATE: Jun-01-1988

AVAILABLE FROM: East Carolina University

ADDRESS: Institute for Coastal and Marine Resources

Mamie Jenkins Building

Greenville, NC

27834-4353

PHONE: 919-757-6220

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project investigated development problems of the marine recreational fishing (MRF) industry in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. This report presents detailed information on three components of that industry: 1) the behaviors and preferences of native and tourist recreational fishermen; 2) the ways in which small-scale commercial fishermen may be incorporated into the MRF industry, and 3) the attitudes of U.S. travel agents toward Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands in relation to other islands of the Caribbean and as MRF destinations. In addition to this comprehensive report on the status and potential of the MRF industry, other products of this project include: 1) a brochure to educate Puerto Rican small-scale fishermen about the MRF industry, and 2) a brochure to educate travel agents about MRF opportunities for tourists in Puerto Rico.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86WCH06107	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-007
REPORT TITLE:		Developing Strategies to Enhance Charter

and</PRE> Headboat Fishing Operations in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama

AUTHOR: Ditton, Robert B. and Gill, Duane A.

PUBLISH DATE: Aug-01-1988

AVAILABLE FROM: Texas A & M University

ADDRESS: Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences

College Station, TX

77843

PHONE: 409-845-5777

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project was to develop strategies to enhance the effectiveness of charter and headboat businesses in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama. Emphasis was placed on discovering ways of integrating these businesses into existing tourism industry programs, enhancing marketing efforts and economic vitality, and managing sport fishing demand. The objectives included a review of existing literature on charter and headboat customers, a description of the charter/headboat industry in terms of a geographical distribution of vessels together with a general profile of operators, an analysis of current linkages between charter/headboat operators and the tourism industry, a description of customers, and the development and analysis of alternative charter/headboat experience packages. To accomplish these objectives, a series of research tasks were developed. Limitations of research efforts are also presented and discussed in an effort to guide future work. The literature review was written as a document separate from the final report and as a reference for fisheries managers, entrepreneurs and charter/headboat owners and operators. A separate article, "Understanding the Market for Charter and Headboat Fishing Services," which summarizes this research, is also available.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89WCHSK040	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-020
REPORT TITLE:		Developing Strategies to Enhance Charter

Boat</PRE> Fishing Operations in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands

AUTHOR: Chaparro, Ruperto

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-30-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: University of Puerto Rico

ADDRESS: Sea Grant College Program

RUM-UPR P.O. Box 5000

Mayaguez, PR

00681-5000

PHONE: 809-834-4040

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The objective of this project was to assist charter boat operators in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands to become more integrated into existing tourism systems in order to better manage fishing demand and enhance the industry's economic vitality. Data analysis and information generated by this project will be incorporated into a previous study under grant NA86WCH06107, entitled "Developing Strategies to Enhance Charter and Headboat Fishing Operations in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama." The information can be used by charter boat operators to develop services and marketing strategies.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK040	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-038
REPORT TITLE:		Development and Implementation of a

Computer</PRE> Education Program for Fishermen and Seafood Processing and Marketing Firms

AUTHOR: Moody, M.W.; Roberts, K.J.; Bankston, J.D.; Flick, G.J., and Knobl, G.M.

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-01-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project provided encouragement for the seafood industry to use or expand upon computer technology for business management and quality control, and aided in preparing the industry for probable mandatory seafood inspection using the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) concept. Computer programs were developed for on-board and in-plant business management, and for quality control analysis for several types of seafood processing operations. In addition, computer labs were set up, and workshops for seafood harvesters and processors were given on both the Gulf and South Atlantic coasts.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK002	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-042
REPORT TITLE:		Development of a Microprocessor-Based Size</PRE> Grader for Oyster

Meat

AUTHOR: Diehl, K.C.; Koslav, M.B., and Byler, R.K.

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project, started under grant NA86WCHSK105, developed a prototype microprocessor-based grading and sorting machine for raw oyster meat. This report of the second year of the project covers two areas: 1) determination of raw oyster meat physical properties for grading algorithm development, and 2) development of a machine to grade and sort raw oyster meats at a speed that would be commercially viable. Companies that specialize in fabricating equipment that uses visions systems should have no difficulty in upgrading the performance of the prototype. Development of a grading and sorting machine will result in a more accurate count of oysters for the various grading standards, a more uniform product, and lower labor costs.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86WCH06111	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-008
REPORT TITLE:		Development of a Southeastern Seafood

Product</PRE> Quality Code

AUTHOR: Otwell, W. Steven and Jones, Robert P.

PUBLISH DATE: Jan-01-1988

AVAILABLE FROM: Southeastern Fisheries Association, Inc.

ADDRESS: 312 E. Georgia Street

Tallahassee, FL

32301

PHONE: 904-224-0612

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project developed a Seafood Product Quality Code publication for Southeastern seafood products. Codes were developed for 13 species including: Groupers, Snappers, Raw Headless Shrimp, Breaded Shrimp, Oysters, Hard Clams, Calico Scallops, Rock Shrimp, Mullet, Farm Raised Catfish, Tuna, Blue Crabs and Spiny Lobsters. Quality, by code definition, includes any product attribute which can influence a buyer's judgment for accepting or utilizing a Southeastern seafood item. The codes are based on industry recommendations and supported by existing pertinent Federal and State regulatory documentation. Use of any of these codes is entirely voluntary and at the sole discretion of individual buyers and sellers.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88WCHSK070	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-021E-1
REPORT TITLE:		Development of Domestic Marketing

Strategy</PRE> for Gulf of Mexico Butterfish

AUTHOR: Louisiana Seafood Promotion and Marketing Board<PRE>

PUBLISH DATE:		Apr-30-1990
AVAILABLE FROM:	Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development</PRE> Foundation,

Inc.

				ADDRESS:	5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609<PRE>

				PHONE:	813-286-8390</PRE>

<H1>ABSTRACT</H1>

=================================================================

This project was initiated to ascertain if a North American market exists for Gulf of Mexico butterfish. Market research was focused on three objectives: 1) determine quality handling methods, cost of processing and methods of processing; 2) determine target market groups, and 3) ascertain preferred product form and other consumer preferences toward product. Test markets during this project included San Francisco, Albuquerque, New York, Toronto, Los Angeles, Santa Cruz, San Jose, and New Orleans. Market potential for whole fish in each city was determined to be minimal. Value added products included minced butterfish and fillets or medallions of butterfish. However, the high preparation cost of medallions was considered a stumbling block. Minced product preparation costs were considerably lower and generated greater yield than whole fish. Mince also proved successful with chefs due to its versatility. Whole fish had no support among chefs. Medallions were the overall favorite among chefs and consumers for taste and versatility.

<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK015	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-031
REPORT TITLE:		Displacement of the Commercial

Fishing</PRE> Industry: An Analysis of Waterfront Land Use Trends in Florida

AUTHOR: Lampl, L.L.; Herbert, T.A. and Foster, D.L.

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report is based on research designed to investigate the perception that the commercial fishing industry could be displaced from the waterfront in Florida. The research explored the concept of displacement, focusing primarily on the relationship between any loss of access to the waterfront and the increasing government control of upland property and submerged lands that form the off-loading points. This project considered the present state of knowedge regarding the industry's place at the waterfront in Florida, the kinds of conflicts that occur there, and the kinds of land use regulations that control access to the waterfront. Trends in policy were identified. The analysis suggests that the commercial fishing industry is losing its place at the waterfront. However, the loss of physical space is incremental and does not necessarily appear in the same form in each segment of the industry. The losses are most evident in the harvesting sector.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK120	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-026
REPORT TITLE:		Documentation of Bycatch from Small

Inshore</PRE> Shrimp Vessels & Evaluation of Appropriate Bycatch Reduction Devices

AUTHOR: Wallace, Richard K. and Hosking, William

PUBLISH DATE: Jun-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: Auburn Marine Extension & Research Center

ADDRESS: Department of Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures

4170 Commanders Drive

Mobile, AL

36615

PHONE: 205-438-5690

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The purpose of this study was to document the bycatch resulting from recreational shrimping; to obtain information on small commercial operations; and to investigate fish excluder devices which have the potential to reduce bycatch in small nets. The report provides details on the methods used for documenting the bycatch; the types of fish excluder devices evaluated; and summaries of the bycatch caught in the unmodified and the modified trawls. More than 18,000 fish, consisting of about 42 species and dominated by juveniles, were caught as bycatch in 48 tows. Although species composition and size ranges found in the bycatch were much as expected, the number of licensed recreational shrimpers and the magnitude of the projected bycatch was greater than expected.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK014	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-032
REPORT TITLE:		Documentation of Seasonal Size and Distribution of King Mackerel, <em</PRE> u>Scomberomorus</em>  u><em u>cavalla

, Schools in Southern Florida

AUTHOR: Ehrhardt, Nelson

PUBLISH DATE: Jun-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The king mackerel, Scomberomorus cavalla, fishery in south Florida is subjected to intense management actions. The existing data base makes it difficult to accurately estimate king mackerel population abundance. Therefore, the objective of this project was to study the feasibility of implementing an annual documentation of the relative abundance and distribution of king mackerel schools in south Florida, using aerial photography. The results indicated that it is feasible to do this, but it is suggested that a record of observations made by spotter pilots is a more efficient and less laborious protocol to document king mackerel schooling biomass.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89WCHSK032	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-006
REPORT TITLE:		Effect of Commercial Processing and

Storage</PRE> on Vibrio vulnificus in Raw Gulf Coast Oysters

AUTHOR: Cook, David W. and Ruple, Angela D.

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf Coast Research Laboratory

ADDRESS: P.O. Box 7000

Ocean Springs, MS

39564

PHONE: 601-875-2244

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project was undertaken to produce data on the occurrence and seasonal distribution of Vibrio vulnificus in shellstock oysters as received at processing plants and to determine the effect of processing and storage on the level of V. vulnificus in oyster meats. The study: 1) developed useful information about the levels found in Gulf Coast oysters when they enter the processing plants; 2) established that processing, including washing of the oysters by blowing, does not measurably reduce the number of V. vulnificus; and 3) demonstrated that storing oyster meats at temperatures approaching O degree centigrade does reduce the number of V. vulnificus and that the percent of reduction increases with storage time.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK116	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-001
REPORT TITLE:		Effects of Density on Reproduction in

Queen</PRE> Conch and Status of the Stock in the U.S. Virgin Islands

AUTHOR: Appeldoorn, Richard S.

PUBLISH DATE: Jan-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southeast Region

9450 Koger Boulevard

St. Petersburg, FL

33702

PHONE: 813-893-3271

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project studied the effect of population density on the reproductive potential of queen conch, Strombus gigas, and provided basic information on fecundity, maturation, etc., necessary for calculating population spawning potential. Results and their significance are presented in the report.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK051	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-013
REPORT TITLE:		Evaluation of Processing Strategies

to</PRE> Improve the Safety of Raw Oysters with Respect to Vibrio vulnificus

AUTHOR: Cook, David W. and Ruple, Angela D.

PUBLISH DATE: Jul-15-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf Coast Research Laboratory

ADDRESS: P.O. Box 7000

Ocean Springs, MS

39564

PHONE: 601-875-2244

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project investigated the use of cold and heat as processing aids to reduce or eliminate the levels of Vibrio vulnificus in raw oysters, thus improving their safety. This technical report documents the research protocol and the data developed on the effect of various temperatures and treatment times on the survival of V. vulnificus. The research results indicate that steps can be added to normal oyster processing to reduce or eliminate V. vulnificus. Cold treatment will reduce the levels of the organism in oysters, but the reduction is time and temperature dependent. Oysters held under cold storage conditions may still retain viable V. vulnificus cells during their normal storage life. Heating oysters at 50 degrees Celsius for 10 minutes was sufficient to kill all of the naturally occurring V. vulnificus with only minor adverse effects on the sensory attributes and storage characteristics of the oysters. Incorporation of a mild heat treatment step in the processing of oysters could enable processors to market an oyster that is free of V. vulnificus. Since it was not the intent of this project to develop a specific process to be used by the industry, additional work must be done in order to refine the process for commercial use.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK003	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-043
REPORT TITLE:		Evaluation of Soft-Shell Crawfish

Processing</PRE> and Packaging Parameters

AUTHOR: Moody, Michael W. and Culley, Dudley

PUBLISH DATE: Oct-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The objective of this project was to provide technical data and information pertaining to the processing, handling, packaging and marketing of soft-shell crawfish. Current post-harvesting and processing procedures were examined and evaluated, with specific focus on packaging techniques and shelf-life of fresh and frozen product. The information developed from this study will provide soft-shell producers and processors with a much-needed information base on the post-harvest handling, processing, packaging, freezing and nutrition of soft-shell crawfish.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89WCHSK033	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-013
REPORT TITLE:		Evaluation of Trawl Bycatch Impact on

High</PRE> Level Carnivores in the Pelagic Environment of the Western Gulf of Mexico

AUTHOR: Gulf Shrimp Research and Development Foundation

PUBLISH DATE: Apr-12-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf Shrimp Research and Development Foundation

ADDRESS: 403 Vaughn Building

Austin, TX

78701

PHONE: 512-476-8446

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report discusses the methods used to successfully test the hypothesis that high-level carnivores in the Western Gulf of Mexico utilize bycatch from shrimp trawls as a mainstay of their feeding patterns. Five fishing trips were scheduled from different fishing ports along the Texas coast. Two recreational fishing vessels were chartered for each trip and representatives of the commercial shrimp industry, recreational fishermen, technical assistants, and members of the press were invited to go fishing offshore. The two charter vessels took turns fishing in close proximity to shrimp vessels and then fishing in open waters of the Gulf of Mexico to see where they caught the most fish. In-depth reports on each of the trips are included with this report.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK037	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-019
REPORT TITLE:		Expansion and Integration of the Seafood</PRE> Products Quality

Code

AUTHOR: Southeastern Fisheries Association, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Jan-01-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: Southeastern Fisheries Association, Inc.

ADDRESS: 312 E. Georgia Street

Tallahassee, FL

32301

PHONE: 904-224-0612

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report summarizes work started under grant NA89WCHSK037 to develop additional codes to expand sections of the Seafood Product Quality Code Manual for the Southeastern Fisheries Association's Quality Seal Program. Eleven new codes developed include: Frozen Seafood, Organoleptic Evaluation, Florida Stone Crabs (Claws), Swordfish, Shark, King Mackerel, Spanish Mackerel, Crawfish, Tilapia, Hybrid Striped Bass, and Nutritional Values of Southeastern Species. These expanded sections of the Manual are available to individuals involved in promoting seafood available in the Southeast.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA17FL0092-01	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-004
REPORT TITLE:		Fisheries Assessment of Wreckfish, <em</PRE>

u>Polyprion americanus, on the Western Blake Plateau

AUTHOR: Ulrich, Glenn F.

PUBLISH DATE: Nov-25-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA

ADDRESS: Southeast Region

9450 Koger Boulevard

St. Petersburg, FL

33702

PHONE: 813-893-3271

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report covers activities conducted during the first segment of a two-year project to collect fisheries independent data on the distribution, habitat associations and life history parameters of wreckfish, Polyprion americanus on the western Blake Plateau. The information reported is preliminary because of the ongoing nature of the study. Detailed analysis of the collected data will be conducted at the end of the second year of study.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89WCHSK038	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-021
REPORT TITLE:		Fisheries Potential of the Megalops

Shrimp,</PRE> Penaeopsis serrata, in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico

AUTHOR: Wicksten, Mary K.; Goy, Joseph W., and Hubbard, G. Fain

PUBLISH DATE: Sep-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Texas A & M Research Foundation

ADDRESS: P.O. Box 3578

College Station, TX

77843

PHONE: 409-845-8629

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report discusses the difficulties of fishing species off the Continental slopes. The study, conducted with a trawl, confirms previous reports of the depth range, substrate type and co-occuring species of the megalops shrimp. Megalops shrimp were not taken in commercially important numbers in any haul. Collections made during the study include a diverse array of decapod crustaceans including, but not limited to, three species of lobster. Lobsters often can be taken more efficiently with a trap. Trap studies and marketing surveys would be necessary before further consideration should be given for commercial exploitation of the deep-sea lobsters.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89WCHSK063	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-005
REPORT TITLE:		Industry and Regulatory Interface to

Address</PRE> Concerns for Seafood Product Quality and Safety

AUTHOR: Jones, R.P. and Doolin, C.

PUBLISH DATE: Jun-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Southeastern Fisheries Association, Inc.

ADDRESS: 312 E. Georgia Street

Tallahassee, FL

32301

PHONE: 904-224-0612

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project, started under grant NA88WCH06065, was undertaken to facilitate better communications between the seafood industry and pertinent Federal, State, and local regulatory authorities. A series of meetings was conducted to discuss regulatory and industry responsibilities and concerns. The meetings were arranged in two segments. Part 1 was a series of meetings within all Southeast Coastal States, Texas through North Carolina, plus Massachusetts and Puerto Rico. Part 2 focused on seafood imports as regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the Southeast region. Condensed reports from these meetings contain recommendations for regulatory and industry attention.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89WCHSK036	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-018
REPORT TITLE:		Laboratory and Field Experimentation of

Three</PRE> TED Designs to Eliminate Shrimp Loss

AUTHOR: Murray, James D.

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: University of North Carolina

ADDRESS: Sea Grant College Program

Box 8605

Raleigh, NC

27695-8605

PHONE: 919-515-2454

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project addressed the problem of shrimp retention with the use of Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs). Scaled down versions of two nets and three TEDs were evaluated under laboratory conditions at the Naval Flume Tank in Maryland. The purpose of these studies was to observe how TEDs behave under different conditions (water speed and the passage of large objects through the opening) and how the bottom of the TED rides. The report presents a summary of findings of the laboratory tests, the results of field tests of the modified TEDs, and the information strategies used to disseminate project results.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA17FD0106-01	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-024C
REPORT TITLE:		Limited Entry in the Florida Stone Crab

Fishery: A Multi-Species Approach - Year</PRE> 1

AUTHOR: Orbach, Michael K. and Johnson, Jeffrey C.

PUBLISH DATE: Sep-01-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: East Carolina University

ADDRESS: Institute for Coastal and Marine Resources

Mamie Jenkins Building

Greenville, NC

27858

PHONE: 919-757-6779

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report discusses the first year activities of a two-year program to investigate alternatives for an effort management, or limited entry, system in the Florida stone crab fishery. The objective of this study was to produce the socioeconomic and sociocultural background necessary for the design and evaluation of effort management alternatives. Data were collected on the demographics of the stone crab fishermen; characteristics of their fishing operations; annual fishing rounds and multi-year fishing histories; social structural aspects of the fishery and fishing communities; and perceptions of conditions in the fishery and current management procedures.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK041	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-030
REPORT TITLE:		Maintenance of Seafood Landings in

North</PRE> Carolina by Providing Basic Educational Materials to Fishermen to Enhance Their Participation in Coastal Management Efforts

AUTHOR: Schill, Jerry

PUBLISH DATE: May-19-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project was designed to educate fishermen on ways to restore fisheries productivity and increase their participation in efforts to enhance, protect, and manage the quality of North Carolina's coastal waters. In coordination with two commercial industry organizations, the project conducted meetings, workshops and hearings while written educational materials were being developed. Handouts and flyers were widely distributed to encourage commercial fishermen to participate in regulatory decisionmaking. The project encouraged the fishermen to participate in the Albermarle-Pamlico Estuarine Study through publication of 100,000 copies of a pamphlet that explained its purpose and benefits. The project also produced 5,000 plastic wallet cards to provide information on how to report polluters of coastal waters.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA88WCHSK070 NMFS NUMBER:

SER-021L</PRE>
REPORT TITLE:		Molluscan Shellfish Project

AUTHOR: Food Marketing Institute

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-30-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project was to develop a retail seafood certification program for molluscan shellfish and to develop educational materials to inform retailers in the seafood industry about methods to improve the quality and safety of molluscan shellfish. The tasks included: 1) a survey and analysis of relevant safety and hygienic problems in harvesting, handling and distribution of molluscan shellfish; 2) development of specifications and procedures for the retail industry to ensure that safety and high quality molluscan shellfish are sold to consumers; 3) development and testing of a voluntary retail seafood quality certification program for molluscan shellfish; and 4) development of video materials to educate retailers and the seafood industry on proper handling of shellfish. The final report contains detailed information regarding the survey and its analysis, the specifications and sanitation procedures, and the Standards of Excellence Award (SEA) certification program. The educational materials developed under this project, which included two videos, a manual and a brochure, are also available upon request.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK042	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-041
REPORT TITLE:		Molluscan Shellfish - Quality Control

and</PRE> Education

AUTHOR: Farquhar, John

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-20-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33607

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project was to reduce public health risks from molluscan shellfish sold by retail stores, and to improve the quality of these products by creating an easily understood training tool to introduce retailers to the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) concept for seafood inspection. Two video tapes were developed for retailers and wholesalers to introduce the HACCP concept as applied to molluscan shellfish. Also developed was an accompanying manual to detail the methods for establishing and maintaining a HACCP program. Details on availability of these videos for nation-wide use by Federal and State regulatory agencies can be obtained through the Foundation.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK005	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-046
REPORT TITLE:		New Fish Products - Transition from</PRE> Laboratory to Applied

Use

AUTHOR: Miller, T.M.; Stuart, J.W., and Wallace, W.B.

PUBLISH DATE: Feb-28-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This study was designed to demonstrate that Gulf of Mexico menhaden can be carefully preserved, stored and converted into intermediates (mince, oil, broth, puree) which, when combined with other compatible ingredients, can produce flavorful, shelf-stable foods. A wide variety of food products are listed in the report to provide guidelines for development of products that contain menhaden intermediates. Nutritional profiles and relative amounts of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids for the products are provided. The project also produced a brochure, "Gulf Menhaden Can Make It Better," to help generate food industry interest.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88WCHSK064	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-003
REPORT TITLE:		Night Handlining for Tunas -

Resource</PRE> Evaluation of Commercially Important Pelagic Fish Species in the Territorial Sea and Fisheries Conservation Zone Adjacent to St. Croix, U.S.V.I.

AUTHOR: Tobias, W.

PUBLISH DATE: Aug-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Government of the U.S. Virgin Islands

ADDRESS: Department of Planning and Natural Resources

Division of Fish and Wildlife

Lagoon Street

Frederiksted, S.C., VI

00840

PHONE: 809-772-1955

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The objectives of this project were to: 1) determine the effectiveness of Hawaiian handline methods for harvesting tuna at night, using bigeye scad, squid, and sardines as bait; 2) conduct a market survey of pelagic fish species harvested by handline techniques; and 3) train Virgin Islands fishermen in utilizing different techniques for harvesting pelagic fisheries resources. Although 42 fishing trips were made in the tuna handlining project, constituting 1,587 line-hours at three study sites, the night catch rate of tunas was low. A market analysis of fish caught during this project was conducted on St. Croix. All fish were eagerly accepted by local consumers and considered of high quality due to the processing and chilling of catch at sea. Participation by the fishing community as crew on night fishing trips was low.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA17FL0099	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-005
REPORT TITLE:		Potential for Reduction of Shrimp

Trawl</PRE> Bycatch of Selected Finfish Species in the Gulf of Mexico

AUTHOR: Griffin, Wade L. and Hendrickson, Holly M.

PUBLISH DATE: Sep-01-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southeast Region

9450 Koger Boulevard

St. Petersburg, FL

33702

PHONE: 813-893-3271

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

Every year the Gulf of Mexico shrimp fleet catches and discards several million pounds of finfish. Dwindling populations of some commercially and recreationally valuable fish species have raised concern over the effects of the shrimp fleet's bycatch on fish stocks. Under this project, the General Bioeconomic Fisheries Simulation Model was used to estimate the changes in bycatch and economic rent that would result under different fishery management policies. Two types of policies were examined: Bycatch Reduction Devices (BRDs) and season/area closures. Model simulations were run using varying degrees of effectiveness for BRDs and different starting and ending dates for closures. Bycatch Reduction Devices were found to be more effective at reducing bycatch than closures and also were less costly to fishermen.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88WCHSK070	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-021J
REPORT TITLE:		Primary Handling, Raw Freezing and

Cooking</PRE> Methodology for Stone Crab Claws

AUTHOR: Otwell, W. Steven

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-21-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project was to investigate current handling and processing methods for stone crab claw processing and storage in order to enhance meat quality and minimize meat-sticking problems. The primary problem addressed by this project was that of cooked meat of stone crab claws sticking to the shell. Variable cooking methods, freezing techniques, and other handling practices were examined, but none solved the problem. The research showed that temporary storage above 60F and cooking on the day of harvest remain the processing scheme that yields the best quality claws in terms of cooked meat texture and ability to remove edible portions from the shell. <PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK180	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-002
REPORT TITLE:		Quantitative Determination of

Materials</PRE> Requirements for Restoration of Dredge-Destroyed Water Bottoms Used for Oyster Culture

AUTHOR: Brodtmann, Noel V. Jr.

PUBLISH DATE: Feb-28-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: EPL, Inc.

ADDRESS: 4813 West Napoleon Avenue

Metairie, LA

70001

PHONE: 504-456-9032

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project, started under grant NA89WCHSK031, conducted laboratory studies to determine the relative increase in load-bearing capacity of dredged sediment that could be accomplished by increasing surface layer thickness of two different enhancement materials, clamshells and crushed limestone. Load-bearing capacity was found to be clearly dependent on thickness of both enhancement materials. There was no significant difference in enhancement effectiveness of the two materials, and both materials were equally effective in terms of numbers of spat set on each in replicate field demonstration plots. A portable load-bearing test device, although subject to further refinement, proved useful in quickly assessing the firmness of water bottoms, in quantitative terms, prior to spreading of cultch material and/or prior to bedding of seed oysters. Details of the laboratory and field tests are covered in the report.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88WCHSK070	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-021F
REPORT TITLE:		Regional Commercial Fisheries and Gear Technology Transfer and

Development</PRE> Program

AUTHOR: University of Georgia

PUBLISH DATE: Jun-01-1089

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The overall goal of this project was to improve the operating efficiency of the Southeast region's commercial fishing fleet, by reducing the maintenance costs of the fleet through installation and utilization of advanced fishing technologies. This goal was met through improved designs of trawl doors and nets; installation, training, and demonstration of state-of-the art electronic instruments onboard vessels; and the conduct of workshop/seminar-type meetings with members of the industry throughout the region.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88WCHSK070	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-021E-3
REPORT TITLE:		Retrofit and Butterfish Fishing of "The</PRE> Mister

Jug"<PRE>

AUTHOR:			Dufrene, Ronald
PUBLISH DATE:		Dec-01-1988
AVAILABLE FROM:	Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development</PRE> Foundation,

Inc.

				ADDRESS:	5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

813-286-8390

<H1>ABSTRACT</H1>

=================================================================

"The Mister Jug," an 88-ft steel hull shrimp trawler, was retrofitted to fish butterfish in the northcentral Gulf of Mexico. Fishing occurred both west and east of the Mississippi Delta with most of the effort spent west of the Delta. Good catches of butterfish were made throughout the reporting period, June to October 28, 1988. The fish were hand-sorted on deck and placed into a circulating slush ice system. High quality fish could be landed from 3 to 4 day trips, although the shorter trips produced the best quality fish. The lack of a good, consistent market for the fish was identified as the single most significant factor affecting a major fishery developing for butterfish in the Gulf.

<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88WCHSK070	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-021E-2
REPORT TITLE:		Retrofit of Five Mississippi Shrimp

Trawlers</PRE> for Fishing Gulf Butterfish

AUTHOR: Jackson County Economic Development District

PUBLISH DATE: Sept-1-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The objective of this project was to encourage Mississippi shrimp fishermen to enter the butterfish fishery as an alternative to the shrimp fishery. Butterfish appeared to represent the ideal fishery resource for a retrofit project, as they seemed to be most abundant in the spring when many shrimp trawlers would not be operating. The project demonstrated that: 1) butterfish could help to revitalize Mississippi's seafood industry by providing an alternative resource, once market conditions were stabilized and understood; 2) Mississippi shrimp trawlers could be retrofitted to effectively harvest butterfish; 3) skilled shrimpers with reasonably modern vessels could convert to fishing for butterfish and other finfish in deep water with relatively little difficulty; and 4) additional market and product development should be undertaken to establish consistent markets for butterfish and to reduce the dependency on Japan as the only significant market.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA17FD0108-01	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-025D
REPORT TITLE:		Sensory Evaluation Studies to Solve

Food</PRE> Science Problems Associated with Market Development of Rangia Clams

AUTHOR: Grodner, Robert M.

PUBLISH DATE: Nov-25-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project was an extension of work started under grant NA90AAHSK004, in cooperation with Southeastern Louisiana Marine Advisory Agents, fishermen, and Louisiana State University researchers to develop the Rangia cuneata clam into a major commercial fisheries resource. It determined optimal harvesting months for Rangia when muddy flavor is minimal, examined storage capabilities of fresh in-shell and frozen clam meat, and studied the effects of storage on muddy flavor and consumer acceptability. It also studied processng methods, including product development to provide alternatives in utilization of the Rangia clam other than the traditional unspiced Atlantic "steamer." Results of all are included in this report.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK009	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-029
REPORT TITLE:		Survey of Shrimp Cast Netters in

Georgia</PRE> During 1989

AUTHOR: Williams, Brad

PUBLISH DATE: Jul-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project was designed to provide data on Georgia's shrimp cast net fishery, focusing on determination of the need for regulation of the fishery. This study involved a telephone survey of coastal county households and an access intercept survey at coastal boat ramps to provide estimates of participation and harvest of recreational shrimp cast netters in Georgia. The surveys, conducted in two three-month periods in the summer and fall, showed September to be the peak month for cast netting catch and effort. The average cast netter intercepted made about eight trips in l989, spent about two hours casting, and caught approximately 7.9 pounds of shrimp per trip. Total cast netting participation was estimated at 71,021. Results of both the telephone survey of cast netters and intercept questionnaires are included with this report.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK118	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-017
REPORT TITLE:		Survivorship of Released Undersized Red Groupers in the Eastern Gulf

Grouper</PRE> Fishery

AUTHOR: Wilson, Raymond R., Jr.

PUBLISH DATE: Apr-15-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: University of South Florida

ADDRESS: Department of Marine Science

140 7th Avenue, South

St. Petersburg, FL

33701

PHONE: 813-893-9178

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The primary objective of this study was to develop information regarding the potential survival of returned undersized red groupers caught at depths fished by commercial grouper boats (usually deeper than 120 ft.). Potential survival was defined as the ability to recover from physical trauma associated with hook-and-line capture after a "simulated" return of the fish to its depth at capture. Project results provide an estimate of potential survival for red grouper caught by hook-and-line at 145 ft. and returned (under simulated conditions). The study also includes information about potential survival of a mixture of red grouper and scamps caught at 240 ft. under similar conditions.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA90AAHSK054 NMFS NUMBER:

SER-035</PRE>
REPORT TITLE:		Tagging of King and Spanish Mackerels -

Year 1

AUTHOR: Collins, Mark R. and Sedberry, George R.

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: Marine Resources Research Institute

ADDRESS: South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Dept.

P.O. Box 12559

Charleston, SC

29412

PHONE: 803-795-6350

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

A tagging study targeting king and Spanish mackerels off South Carolina was initiated. Tagged fish were injected with oxytetracycline in order to validate the annual nature of rings on otoliths, and tags instructed anglers to retain heads of fish so that otoliths could be recovered. A total of 130 fishes were tagged in year one (1990-91), including 49 king mackerel and 21 Spanish mackerel. One king mackerel, at large for 38 days, and one amberjack, at large for 32 days, were recaptured.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK011	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-037
REPORT TITLE:		Technical Information for Air Transported</PRE> Fresh

Seafood

AUTHOR: Hackney, C.R.; Diehl, K.C.; Stringer, L.J.; Rippen, T.E.; Wilson, J.H. and Coale, C.W.

PUBLISH DATE: Oct-07-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

An important problem in the marketing of fresh seafood products is spoilage during shipment. The research described in this report investigated several factors related to air transportation of fresh seafood so that recommendations for improvement of shipping methods could be formulated. Factors addressed included seafood precooling, gel pack or coolant effectiveness, external temperatures encountered by shipping containers and coolant placement in a shipping container. A "Manual for Air Transportation of Fresh Seafood" resulted from this research and is available through the Foundation.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88WCHSK070	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-021M
REPORT TITLE:		The Effects of Nutrition on Quality

and</PRE> Nutritional Value of Farm-Raised Catfish

AUTHOR: Auburn University, Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures

PUBLISH DATE: Apr-05-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project conducted feeding studies to: 1) evaluate the effects of increasing the dietary protein-to-energy ratio (P/E) of feeds on yields of live and dressed fish, and on amount and type of body fat deposited in cultured channel catfish, and 2) evaluate the effects of feeding omega-3 oils on chemical and sensory qualities of the catfish. Results indicated that the protein/energy ratios of farm-raised catfish may be improved by incrementally increasing the amount of protein added to the diet. Although some benefits may accrue to the omega-3 fatty acid content of the catfish from addition of menhaden oil to the feed, too much of the oil will result in an undesirable "fishy" flavor.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88WCHSK070	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-021A
REPORT TITLE:		The Impact of Imports, Including

Farm-Raised</PRE> Shrimp, on the Southeastern Shrimp Processing Sector

AUTHOR: Roberts, Kenneth J.; Keithly, Walter R. and Adams, Charles M.

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project was to: 1) determine the significance, dependence, and product uses of imported, especially farm-raised, shrimp in the Southeastern shrimp processing sector; 2) determine structural changes that have occurred in the Southeastern shrimp processing sector which are attributable to the recent influx of imports in general, and particularly, farm-raised imports; and

3) forecast future changes that can be expected in the sector as shrimp aquaculture becomes further developed. The study examined the industry during the period 1970-1987 and produced a detailed analysis of the economic impacts of imported shrimp on the U.S. market. The study also examined the dependence of the Southeast processing sector on imported product. Results showed that the processing sector's dependence upon imported shrimp continued to increase as domestic demand for shrimp and shrimp products increased. With the additional access to farm-raised shrimp from China and Ecuador, import dependence grew. Quality and sales rates for import-using establishments were larger than those of non-users. The stability of establishments using imports was found to be high. The study also examined the market structure, including the entry-exit patterns and competition of import users. As for future trends, shrimp processing in this region is expected to increase as the importation of farm-raised shrimp expands.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK119	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-040
REPORT TITLE:		The Relationship of Upwelling to the

Success</PRE> of Calico Scallop Stocks - 1990

AUTHOR: Blake, Norman J.

PUBLISH DATE: Jul-30-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: University of South Florida

ADDRESS: Department of Marine Science

140 Seventh Avenue, South

St. Petersburg, FL

33701

PHONE: 813-893-9521

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project studied energy transfer among tissue components and the relationship of upwelling events to the success of calico scallop stocks. The samplings were conducted on the east Florida Shelf during the period of August-November, 1990, and were indexed. Temperature profiles, parasitic infestation, and biochemical analysis were also studied. After spawning, distribution of the scallop larvae was followed and subsequent recruitment into the population was monitored. Tables of results are provided.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK053	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-024
REPORT TITLE:		The Southeastern Seafood Processing Industry:

</PRE> An Economic Assessment for Private and Public Management - Year 1

AUTHOR: Louisiana State University

PUBLISH DATE: May-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: Louisiana State University

ADDRESS: Office of Sea Grant Development

Center for Wetland Resources

Baton Rouge, LA

70803

PHONE: 504-388-2145

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report highlights accomplishments for year one of a two-year project to provide an economic analysis of the Southeastern seafood processing sector and to use the analysis to examine historical processor sector impacts related to harvesting regulations. 1973-1988 data on processing plant numbers, volumes, values, etc., provided information for the analysis which was broken into four periods of four years each. Species information was aggregated into shellfish and finfish categories for this first-year report.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88WCHSK066	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-009
REPORT TITLE:		Understanding

Commercial-Recreational</PRE> Fishermen User Conflicts in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands: Extension Approaches Toward Mitigation and Resolution

AUTHOR: Pizzini, Manuel Valdes

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-03-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southeast Region

9450 Koger Boulevard

St. Petersburg, FL

33702

PHONE: 813-893-3271

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

Through the examination of newspaper items, public documents, information from the Caribbean Fishery Management Council fact-finding meetings, and content analysis, the researcher was able to identify the basic types of fishery resource user conflicts, their characteristics and patterns. Results of that analysis are found in this report. This project provides fisheries managers with recommendations for the development of a strategy for preparing a plan and conducting a program for conflict mitigation or the solution of public disputes. Through the use of the Delphi research technique, by which public participation is employed, this project provides a "bottom-up" approach to policy making and resource management. <PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88WCHSK070	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-021I
REPORT TITLE:		Use and Monitoring of Seafood Processing

Aids</PRE> Which Influence Water Content, Yield, and Sensory Attributes

AUTHOR: Otwell, W. Steven; Marshall, Maurice; Rodrick, Gary E., and Wei, Cheng-i

PUBLISH DATE: Apr-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project was to standardize techniques for using treatments designed to improve water content, yield, and sensory attributes in seafood products. Selected firms, known to be using or interested in using processing aids to influence water content and yield, were interviewed. A list of publications and patents was compiled from customary searches for formal and "gray" literature and government documentation. A list of processing aids and chemical suppliers was compiled to identify commercial sources, referrals, and consultations. Laboratory screening was used to determine the effects of the various processing aids on the water content, yield and sensory attributes for treated versus untreated shrimp, scallops, and selected fish. Analytical methodology included techniques to monitor resulting residuals of selected treatments. Sensory attributes studied included color, appearance, flavor, odor, and texture, using both raw and cooked product. This sensory work was designed to measure individual responses to treated and untreated product.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK141	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-032
REPORT TITLE:		Use of Atmospheric Steam to Improve

the</PRE> Quality and Wholesomeness of Fresh Crab Meat and Crawfish

AUTHOR: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Lousiana Cooperative Extension Service

PUBLISH DATE: Oct-01-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Southeast Region

9450 Koger Boulevard

St. Petersburg, FL

33702

PHONE: 813-893-3271

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The purpose of this project was to: 1) determine the quality and shelf-life of crab meat and crawfish after processing in a steam tunnel; 2) perform inoculated pack studies to ensure that the process will eliminate potential pathogens; and 3) determine the growth characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes in crab meat and crawfish at low temperatures. The report provides detailed information regarding cooking times and temperatures recommended for both crab meat and crawfish meat to extend the shelf-life and to produce crab meat and crawfish products that are safe and acceptable.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86WCH06106	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-038
REPORT TITLE:		Use of Vacuum Packaging to Reduce

the</PRE> Potential Histamine Problems of Fresh Yellowfin Tuna, Thunnus albacaras

AUTHOR: Wei, Cheng-i and Marshall, Marty R.

PUBLISH DATE: Feb-28-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: University of Florida

ADDRESS: Food Science and Human Nutrition Department

219 Grinter Hall

Gainesville, FL

32611

PHONE: 904-392-1991

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The purpose of this project was to: 1) compare the effectiveness of vacuum packaging on histamine production and the quality of yellowfin tuna, and 2) develop an assay system to rapidly detect suspected fish samples that contain high levels of histamine-producing bacteria. This report details the conduct and results of two separate, but related, studies: "Comparison of Four Agar Media for Detection of Histamine Producing Bacteria on Tuna" and "Bacterial Growth and Histamine Production in Vacuum Packaged Tuna." The investigators concluded that: 1) it is possible to develop a new culture medium to reduce the detection time of histamine producers from 24 to 18 hours, and 2) low temperature storage (<2 degrees centrigrade) is more effective than vacuum packaging in controlling bacterial growth and histamine production on tuna samples by the specific bacteria tested.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89WCHSK035	NMFS NUMBER:	SER-017
REPORT TITLE:		User Views of Artificial Reef Management

in</PRE> the Southeast

AUTHOR: Murray, James D. and Betz, Carter J.

PUBLISH DATE: May-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: North Carolina State University

ADDRESS: UNC Sea Grant College Program

Box 8605

Raleigh, NC

27695-8605

PHONE: 919-515-2454

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report details a survey of 1,654 individuals representing four interest groups (sportfishermen, sportdivers, commercial fishermen and environmentalists) in North Carolina, Florida, and Texas. The purpose of the survey was to: 1) document the awareness and use of artificial reefs by different user groups; 2) examine the priorities placed on artificial reef building activities in relation to other fishery issues; 3) identify major concerns about artificial reef programs by user groups; and 4) report on the acceptance of various management measures which could be used to minimize artificial reef conflicts. A total of 721 returns were received for a return rate of 43.6%. The report profiles artificial reef users, examines their general knowledge and use of artificial reefs, and provides their views on artificial reef administration, funding, siting, construction, information, evaluation, conflict experiences and acceptance of management restrictions.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA90AAHSK012 NMFS NUMBER:

SER-035</PRE>
REPORT TITLE:		What is a Professional Fisherman?
AUTHOR:			T. A. Herbert &amp; Associates,

Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project investigated the potential for developing a license or special designation to recognize the skill and professionalism of commercial fishermen, possibly as a tool for fishery management. The work included a literature review to determine if the concept had been developed elsewhere and, if so, to assess its portability. A field study was conducted to integrate commercial fishermen into the process of investigation. Explored in this report are the concepts of fishery management and professionalism and the term "professional fisherman." The study suggests that commercial fishermen are interested in the concept of professionalism only if it is developed within the industry and is an institutionalized version of self regulation.

<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86EAH00045	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-021
REPORT TITLE:		A Coordinated Consumer Education and

Domestic</PRE> and Export Marketing Program for the Mid-Atlantic Region

AUTHOR: Mid-Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-23-1988

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Northeast Region

One Blackburn Drive

Gloucester, MA

01930

PHONE: 508-281-9256

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project was designed as a comprehensive approach to seafood education through the identification and cultivation of market opportunities for seafood products from the Mid-Atlantic region. Project activities addressed both domestic and export market development. The report describes the specific education projects conducted for these market development areas, and the ensuing benefits to industry and the seafood consumer. Results of workshops are covered in two reports: "Delaware Seafood Sense Workshops" and "New York State Seafood Issues and Trends Workshop Series."<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA17FD0195-02	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-072
REPORT TITLE:		A Coordinated Training Approach to Promote</PRE> Confidence in

Seafood

AUTHOR: Mid-Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: May-01-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Northeast Region

One Blackburn Drive

Gloucester, MA

0l930

PHONE: 508-281-9256

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project, started under grant NA90AAHSK032, coordinated a variety of training programs throughout the Mid-Atlantic region to educate consumers and seafood retailers about the safety and wholesomeness of seafood. Printed materials and videos relating to seafood training were reviewed and updated, and programs were developed and conducted to provide current information on seafood inspection, safety and environmental concerns, and governmental regulations that provide safeguards for the consumer. Media kits were developed for food editors, and educational kits to promote awareness of seafood safety and quality were developed for consumers.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88EAH00016	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-120
REPORT TITLE:		A Program to Increase the Demand

for</PRE> Underutilized Species Among Recreational Fishermen in the North Atlantic and Mid-Atlantic Regions

AUTHOR: Griffith, D.; Johnson, J.; Murray, J.; Boster, J. and Voiland, M.

PUBLISH DATE: Jun-01-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: East Carolina University

ADDRESS: Institute for Coastal and Marine Resources

Mamie Jenkins Building

Greenville, NC

27858

PHONE: 919-757-6220

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report presents the results of a research effort to increase demand for underutilized species among marine recreational fishermen of the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic Regions. The researchers interviewed and modelled the perceptions of over 100 recreational fishermen toward 33 species of fish. Regions included in the study were: 1) Gulf of Mexico, 2) Cape Cod to the Hudson Canyon, 3) Hudson Canyon to the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, and 4) Chesapeake Bay. In each region, responses ranged from highly preferred species (as either good sport fish or good meat fish) to "trash" species, with various degrees of preference between the two extremes. The intermediate species offer the most potential for development. The report provides recommendations for an educational program to improve the reputation, acceptance and the promotion of these species as new and desirable recreational fishing species.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA85EAD00046	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-222
REPORT TITLE:		A Seafood Quality Program for the</PRE>

Mid-Atlantic Region - Part III

AUTHOR: Sea Grant at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

PUBLISH DATE: Jun-01-1987

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Northeast Region

One Blackburn Drive

Gloucester, MA

01930

PHONE: 508-281-9256

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project expanded on work completed under grants NA82FAH00004 and NA84EAH00018 on seafood quality and quality maintenance aboard fishing vessels and in processing plants. It expanded the program to include retailers, with the primary goal of developing an economically attractive, permanent market for quality Mid- Atlantic seafood. A cooperating retailer was chosen and 23 stores, classified according to their consumer income level profile, participated in a marketing effort with a wide variety of Mid-Atlantic seafood. Training programs were conducted for seafood managers of the participating stores. This report provides details of this retail seafood quality program marketing effort.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88EAD00010	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-221
REPORT TITLE:		A Seafood Quality Program for the</PRE>

Mid-Atlantic Region - Part IV

AUTHOR: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-01-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Northeast Region

One Blackburn Drive

Gloucester, MA

01930

PHONE: 508-28l-9256

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report provides details of several studies and their subsequent recommendations for marketing quality fresh Mid-Atlantic seafood. These studies involved: 1) Development and Implementation of an On-Site Hands-On Seafood Sanitation Program; 2) Development, Evaluation, and Implementation of Alternative Processing Procedures to Achieve a Minimum 12-day Fresh Fish Shelf-life; and 3) Application of Modern Food Engineering Practices for Improving Quality and Extending Shelf-life of Fresh Fish.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA16FL0068-01	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-010
REPORT TITLE:		Assessment of Juvenile Bycatch

Survivability</PRE> in the Northeast Fishing Industry<PRE>

AUTHOR:			Robinson, William E. and Carr, H. Arnold
PUBLISH DATE:		May-11-1993
AVAILABLE FROM:	National Marine Fisheries Service
				ADDRESS:	Northeast Region</PRE>

One Blackburn Drive

Gloucester, MA

01930<PRE>

				PHONE:	508-281-9256</PRE>

<H1>ABSTRACT</H1>

=================================================================

This project was designed to assess juvenile bycatch survivability of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides). A limited amount of data was also collected on yellowtail flounder (Pleuroncectes ferrugineus). Juvenile bycatch were collected during two cruises in late spring and fall seasons. Fish caught during one-hour tows were compared to those captured in two-hour tows. Blood samples were taken prior to landing and analyzed for hematocrit, protein, lactate, chloride, glucose, sodium, potassium, etc. With the exception of glucose, all measured parameters for the catch were elevated above control values. This data demonstrated that the fish had experienced considerable stress prior to landing. An examination of blood samples taken from the fish on deck did not reflect the same increases noted above. However, plasma lactate concentration increased dramatically as time on deck increased. The information gathered during this investigation provides a basis to determine survival of cod, place and yellowtail flounder during different seasons. <PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86EAD00043	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-173B
REPORT TITLE:		Characterization and Utilization of

Waste</PRE> from Ocean Quahog and Surf Clam Processing Plants (Civil Engineering Section)

AUTHOR: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

PUBLISH DATE: Apr-05-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Northeast Region

One Blackburn Drive

Gloucester, MA

01930

PHONE: 508-281-9256

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This study investigated the wastes generated during the clam shucking process and evaluated waste reduction and resource recovery options available to the industry. Clam processing waste effluents contain a large amount of organic material and are very putrescible. Stabilizing these solids and converting them into marketable products are of great interest to the industry. Details of the investigation are covered in the report. <PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88EAD00009	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-180
REPORT TITLE:		Characterization and Utilization of

Waste</PRE> from Ocean Quahog and Surf Clam Processing Plants (Civil Engineering Section) - Part II

AUTHOR: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-30-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Northeast Region

One Blackburn Drive

Gloucester, MA

01930

PHONE: 508-281-9256

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project continued work started under grant NA86EAD00043. It was initiated to assist ongoing efforts to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of U.S. waters by developing technology capable of meeting the recently proposed discharge guidelines. This was achieved by first defining the physical and chemical properties of the wastewater effluent. Based upon this information, along with a search of appropriate literature, treatment technologies were chosen with potential applicability to a probable industrial treatment scheme. Benchscale experiments were conducted to determine the feasibility of anaerobic waste treatment. A modified activated sludge process was also examined to supplement the data available for conventional sludge treatment technologies. <PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86EAD00043	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-173A
REPORT TITLE:		Characterization and Utilization of

Waste</PRE> from Ocean Quahog and Surf Clam Processing Plants (Food Science and Technology Section)

AUTHOR: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

PUBLISH DATE: Apr-05-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: One Blackburn Drive

Gloucester, MA

01930

PHONE: 508-281-9256

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This study was conducted to characterize all clam processing liquid and solid waste effluents and evaluate their potential as marketable by-products and/or food ingredients. Traditionally, clam processing waste effluents are discarded in landfills or natural waterways. Alternative disposal methods are a necessary consideration in light of proposed minimum waste effluent standards. A detailed report of the study is presented.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89EAD00014	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-301
REPORT TITLE:		Chemical Contaminants in Fish and

Shellfish:</PRE> Development of Uniform Testing and Reporting Standards - Year 1

AUTHOR: Capuzzo, J. McD; Farrington, J.W.; Wallace, G.T. and McElroy, A.E.

PUBLISH DATE: Oct-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

ADDRESS: Water Street

Woods Hole, MA

02543

PHONE: 617-548-1400

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The purpose of this project was to critically examine analytical procedures for trace contaminants in fishery resources and to develop guidelines for standardizing procedures and reporting results. This comprehensive first year report is divided into four major sections. The first section is a statement of the problem of chemical contaminants and a brief history and recent trends in the analysis of organic contaminants in marine tissue samples. The other three sections present a detailed review and assessment of existing methodologies for trace metals, organic contaminants and metabolites of chemical contaminants in fish and shellfish. Appropriate references for each section are included in the appendix along with two reports on intercomparison exercises.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88EAH00011	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-170
REPORT TITLE:		Comparative Analysis of Sea

Scallop</PRE> Escapement/Retention and Resulting Economic Impacts

AUTHOR: DuPaul, W.D.; Heist, E.J. and Kirkley, J.E.

PUBLISH DATE: Jul-19-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: Virginia Institute of Marine Science

ADDRESS: College of William and Mary

Gloucester Point, VA

23062

PHONE: 804-642-7164

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

Major objectives of sea scallop resource management have been to reduce the capture of undersized scallops and to delay the age of entry into the fishery. One approach to these objectives has been an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of increasing the ring size on the standard New Bedford dredge. This report provides: 1) an analysis of the technical efficiency and size selectivity of 3.5 inch ring dredges relative to the commercially-used 3.0 inch ring dredges, and 2) an analysis of the economic and regulatory ramifications of using the larger ring dredges, to control the age-at-capture and enhance the yield per recruit.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA88EAH00015 NMFS NUMBER:

NER-191</PRE> REPORT TITLE: Complete Utilization of Carp

AUTHOR: Great Lakes Fisheries Development Foundation,

Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-12-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: Great Lakes Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 1438 W. Cortland

Chicago, IL

60622

PHONE: 312-278-5814

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project conducted research and development studies involving the commercial carp fisheries in more than 20 selected States. Focusing on utilization of the entire harvest, the studies investigated the use of carp in all possible forms for human consumption, and the development of industrial uses of the non-edible portions of the fish. Although project results showed that carp stocks are almost unlimited and that highly acceptable products can be made, the harvest of carp is definitely restricted by market demand. Recommendations for market development are included in the report.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA86EAD00052 NMFS NUMBER:

NER-158</PRE> REPORT TITLE: Conservation Engineering

AUTHOR: New England Fisheries Development

Foundation

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-01-1988

AVAILABLE FROM: New England Fisheries Development Association, Inc.

ADDRESS: 309 World Trade Center

Boston, MA

02210-2001

PHONE: 617-439-5480

ABSTRACT

=============================================================

The purpose of this project was to: 1) coordinate several conservation engineering initiatives, including sea scallop dredge testing, shrimp separator trawl development and an evaluation of an underwater observation system, and 2) solicit input of the commercial fishing industry for development and publication of a five-year research plan. The five-year plan prioritizes the resource conservation problems affecting the Northwest Atlantic fisheries and identifies gear selectivity projects to minimize unwanted or illegal bycatch in these fisheries. The plan reflects the attitudes and positions of fishermen, gear manufacturers, and resource scientists and managers. Recommendations are made regarding a regional coordinating structure and source of funding. The Conservation Engineering Five-Year Plan is available as a separate document.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89EADSK005	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-300
REPORT TITLE:		Contaminant Standards for Fish and

Shellfish</PRE> in the Northeast Region

AUTHOR: Nardi, George C.

PUBLISH DATE: Sep-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: New England Fisheries Development Association, Inc.

ADDRESS: 309 World Trade Center

Boston, MA

02210-2001

PHONE: 617-439-5480

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project addressed a need for accurate information about seafood safety, with particular regard to species produced, processed or distributed throughout the Northeast. Through research, education and extension, the project provided updated, factual information to the media, consumer, regulatory, scientific and industry users. It established a 24-hour computer accessed seafood safety information network; developed and disseminated a series of Contaminant Fact Sheets; and supported a research project to develop rapid screening methods for microbial contaminants in seafood. Examples and results of these activities are provided in this report. Other products of this project include: 1) "Seafood and Health: Risks and Prevention of Seafood-borne Illness," a comprehensive publication of major findings with respect to seafood and public health issues; and 2) "A Laboratory Services Guide for the Seafood Industry," a listing of laboratories throughout the Northeast experienced with seafood products and capable of performing specific analyses. These publications are available from the Association.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89EADSK004	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-208
REPORT TITLE:		Development of Canned Mackerel Using

Organic</PRE> Seasonings

AUTHOR: Lee, Chong M. and Nardi, George C.

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: New England Fisheries Development Association, Inc.

ADDRESS: 309 World Trade Center

Boston, MA

02210-2001

PHONE: 617-439-5480

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project demonstrated the commercial feasibility and consumer acceptability of value-added canned Atlantic mackerel products. To provide industry the necessary technical information to produce these products with consistent quality, various critical parameters affecting the quality of canned mackerel were studied, including handling, pre-treatment (brining), formulation of seasoning mix, packaging and retort condition. Findings are discussed in the report.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88EAH00008	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-173
REPORT TITLE:		Development of Degradable Materials for Marine Applications:  Fishing Pots

and</PRE> Traps

AUTHOR: Gonsalves, K.E. and Patel, S.H.

PUBLISH DATE: Jun-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Polymer Science Program, IMS

ADDRESS: The University of Connecticut

U-136

Storrs, CT

06269

PHONE: 203-486-6134

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project addressed a problem common to most set gear fisheries (pots, traps) where lost and abandoned fishing gear is believed to contribute significantly to mortality by continuing to fish for an indeterminate period of time. The project objectives were to develop degradable materials which, when incorporated into pots and traps, will degrade after three to five months continued exposure in the marine environment. The report discusses the research, the formulations developed and tested, and the conclusions.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89EAD00010	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-227
REPORT TITLE:		Development of Meat Analogues and

By-Products</PRE> from Mackerel and Hake

AUTHOR: Regenstein, Joe

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-05-1993

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Northeast Region

One Blackburn Drive

Gloucester, MA

01930

PHONE: 508-281-9256

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The objectives of this project were to increase the economic value of hake and mackerel by developing and testing appropriate handling and packaging of whole fish and fillets, and to develop and test meat analog food products from the edible flesh. The product prototypes needed to be tasty, easy to prepare, nutritious, and economical. About 47 prototypes were developed. The concepts developed use the minced, deboned flesh of mackerel and hake in place of ground beef in products such as sausages and pizza toppings. Prototypes were also developed that parallel the use of salmon and tuna. The concepts ranged from appetizers to main dishes. Different types of packaging were also tested.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA85EAD00046	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-222A
REPORT TITLE:		Enhancing the Value of Commercial

Fish</PRE> Species Through Quality Control Procedures: An Integrated Approach for Mid-Atlantic Fisheries

AUTHOR: Virginia Institute of Marine Science

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-19-1988

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Northeast Region

One Blackburn Drive

Gloucester, MA

01930

PHONE: 508-28l-9256

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report summarizes the results of a study on the feasibility of implementing quality control procedures for underutilized Mid-Atlantic species to increase consumer acceptance and sales. The effects of harvesting methods on seafood quality, sales and marketing of these species were evaluated. Recommendations are given for improving basic at-sea handling of finfish products, and various on-board processing options are presented for consideration. Economic factors associated with the implementation of quality control procedures are also discussed.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86EAD00046	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-172
REPORT TITLE:		Feasibility and Modeling of the Use of

New</PRE> Jersey Salt Marshes to Treat Clam Processing Wastewater

AUTHOR: Guida, Vincent G. and Kugelman, Irwin J.

PUBLISH DATE: Sep-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: Lehigh University, Environmental Studies Center

ADDRESS: Chandler-Ullmann Hall #17

Bethlehem, PA

18015

PHONE: 215-861-4412

ABSTRACT

================================================================& lt;P>

The purpose of this project was to determine the feasibility of utilizing a sequential system of aerobic biological treatment and salt marsh polishing to treat clam processing wastewaters to the extent required for direct discharge into coastal waters. A series of experiments on an increasingly large scale were conducted in order to assess both the effectiveness and the environmental impacts of such a treatment system. The project was not able to achieve its goal of building and testing a pilot scale treatment system because of State regulatory restrictions. However, the data produced will be useful to the industry. The method is a technically viable option for the treatment of clam processing wastewaters.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89EAD00001	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-202
REPORT TITLE:		Fish Survival and Escapement from the Cod-end</PRE> of a Demersal

Trawl

AUTHOR: DeAlteris, Joseph and Reifsteck, Daniel M.

PUBLISH DATE: Aug-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: University of Rhode Island

ADDRESS: Dept. of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science

East Farm Campus

Kingston, RI

02881

PHONE: 401-792-5333

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The estimation of survival of undersized fishes after passing through the cod-end of a trawl net is of major importance to fishery managers. This project involved the design and implementation of a unique experimental methodology to assess the impact of trawl nets on juvenile fish. After extensive research and development, a prototype testing apparatus was constructed to simulate the environmental conditions inside the cod-end of a trawl net. Testing was conducted on two commercially harvested species indigenous to Narragansett Bay. Although the results from this study cannot be considered conclusive, they are useful as a starting point in the investigation of fish escapement processes, a critical concern for the development of selective fishing gear.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA90AAHSK027 NMFS NUMBER:

NER-200</PRE> REPORT TITLE: Fishing Vessel Safety Curriculum Guides

AUTHOR: University of Rhode Island Sea

Grant

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-01-1993

AVAILABLE FROM: University of Rhode Island

ADDRESS: Dept. of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science

East Farm Campus

Kingston, RI

02881

PHONE: 401-792-5333

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project addressed the need for a standardized curriculum for safety training of fishermen in the Northeast Region. Fishing Vessel Safety Curriculum Guides, the product of the project, addresses three areas of concern: 1) Safety Equipment and Survival Procedures, 2) Fire Prevention and Control, and 3) Medical Emergencies at Sea. These guides were formulated by the Northeast Fishing Vessel Safety Committee, consisting of one member from each State from Maine to Virginia.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA89EADSK006 NMFS NUMBER:

NER-204</PRE>
REPORT TITLE:		Fishing Vessel Safety Training

AUTHOR: Barlow, John

PUBLISH DATE: Aug-31-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Maine Maritime Academy

ADDRESS: Pleasant Street

Castine, ME

04420

PHONE: 207-326-4311

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

A major impediment in providing safety training for fishermen along the Maine coast has been getting them to take the time to travel and attend training sessions. This project attempted to overcome this by taking the sessions to the fishermen and presenting them outside a classroom/campus atmosphere. Twenty-two Fishing Vessel Safety Workshops were conducted for approximately 445 Maine fishermen in their home ports. Response to these workshops, a "road show" adaptation of the boating and fire safety training programs offered at the Maine Maritime Academy, was very positive.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA88EAH00018 NMFS NUMBER:

NER-206</PRE>
REPORT TITLE:		Fishing Vessel Safety Training Center

AUTHOR: Callahan, John J.

PUBLISH DATE: Sep-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: Massachusetts Maritime Academy

ADDRESS: The State Maritime College

P.O. Box D

Buzzards Bay, MA

02532-1803

PHONE: 508-759-5761

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The primary goal of this project was to improve the safety record of commercial fishing vessels by means of safety awareness training. A "Fishing Vessel Safety Education Certification Program" was developed and offered as part of the Massachusetts Maritime Academy's Fisheries Education Program. In addition, a firefighters' video tape was produced and distributed to fishing vessel owners and operators. High school demonstrations of vessel safety and in-water survival were part of the project's effort to educate future fishermen.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK028	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-030
REPORT TITLE:		Flow in Mid-water Trawl Nets as a Function

of</PRE> Mesh Size, Twine Diameter, Webbing Taper and Towing Speed

AUTHOR: DeAlteris, Joseph T. and Buxton, Nicole G.

PUBLISH DATE: Aug-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: University of Rhode Island

ADDRESS: Dept. of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science

East Farm Campus

Kingston, RI

02881

PHONE: 401-792-5333

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The flow velocity and hydrodynamic drag of 18 quarter-scale mid- water box trawl nets were analyzed in the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center flume tank, in a series of experiments designed to characterize the water flow through the nets, and determine how the flow could be manipulated to alter the selectivity of the nets. Although results presented in this detailed report are not conclusive, they will be useful in defining the relationships between the physical parameters of trawl nets, which may be used to increase the selectivity of the gear.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK029	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-060A
REPORT TITLE:		Hazard Analysis Critical Control

Point</PRE> (HACCP) Program Development Manual

AUTHOR: New England Fisheries Development Association, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: New England Fisheries Development Association, Inc.

ADDRESS: 309 World Trade Center

Boston, MA

02210-2001

PHONE: 617-439-5480

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This manual addresses the application of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) principles to the New England seafood industry. It explains the HACCP system in detail and provides flow charts of "typical" processing operations, including raw fish, shellfish, canned sardines, and value-added products such as smoked fish, breaded shrimp and breaded fish. The manual is designed to be used by plant managers, quality control managers, and others involved in establishing their own in-house HACCP program to control microbiological safety and quality concerns.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89EAD00003	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-206
REPORT TITLE:		Improved Trawl Selectivity Through Strategic</PRE> Use of Colored

Twine

AUTHOR: Averill, Phillip H.

PUBLISH DATE: Jun-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Northeast Region

One Blackburn Drive

Gloucester, MA

01930

PHONE: 508-281-9256

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

As efforts to develop more selective groundfish and shrimp trawls have increased, it has become necessary to find ways to direct a fish's behavior so the fish will go towards or away from certain parts of the net. Fish have been shown to respond to color or contrast differences in a net. This project was intended to be a field study of the use of this phenomenon. Only the first of two phases of the work was completed, and the results showed little impact of color on fish escapement by the method chosen for the study. Although results of this project were not conclusive, the author believes this area of research deserves more study.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89EAH00013	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-121
REPORT TITLE:		Increasing Angler Participation in

Marine</PRE> Catch/Tag-and-Release Fishing Programs: Workshop Summary, Program Outlines and Angler Survey Results

AUTHOR: Lucy, J; Tiedemann, J; Donnelly, M; Voiland, M; Malchoff, M; Doyle,B ; Vaske,J.

PUBLISH DATE: Sep-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: University of Virginia

ADDRESS: Graduate Marine Science Consortium

170 Rugby Road

Madison Hall

Charlottesville, VA

22903

PHONE: 804-924-5965

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project examined accomplishments, successes, and problems associated with major tag-and-release programs in the Northeast region (Maine to Virginia). Anglers were surveyed to determine their experiences and concerns regarding tag-and-release fishing. A workshop of tagging program coordinators, other researchers, fisheries managers, and anglers was held to discuss issues and problems associated with catch/tag-and-release fishing efforts and to explore changes necessary to expand angler participation in such practices. These activities are covered in the report. The project also produced an educational brochure entitled, "Giving Something Back--Catch & Release and Tag & Release Fishing: Anglers' Guide to Programs and Resources on the Atlantic Coast."<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA85EAH00044 NMFS NUMBER:

NER-002</PRE> REPORT TITLE: Mixed Species Market Development

AUTHOR: New England Fisheries Development

Foundation

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-28-1988

AVAILABLE FROM: New England Fisheries Development Association, Inc.

ADDRESS: 309 World Trade Center

Boston, MA

02210-2001

PHONE: 617-439-5480

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report describes market development efforts to help strengthen the domestic and overseas market demand for abundant undervalued fish species of the Northeast. Target species were mackerel, herring, bluefish, squid, butterfish and skate. Products of the project include a manual on handling requirements for the target species to assist export sales and marketing; increased liaison with food writers, foodservice distributors and users; and a "Gloucester On The Waterfront" cookbook featuring nine abundant but underutilized species.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK029	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-060B
REPORT TITLE:		Monitoring Fish and Seafood from Harvest</PRE> Through

Distribution

AUTHOR: Canadian Fishery Consultants Limited

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: New England Fisheries Development Association, Inc.

ADDRESS: 309 World Trade Center

Boston, MA

02210-2001

PHONE: 617-439-5480

ABSTRACT

================================================================& lt;P>

This study examined the distribution systems and handling practices employed for fish and shellfish products entering or exiting the New England region. Its intent was to document the quality of products being sent to the consumer and to identify areas of the distribution system that could be altered to improve the overall quality of product entering the national marketplace. Products that could present a higher than normal consumer health risk were a focus of the study. These included shellfish (mussels, oysters), smoked fish (mackerel, salmon), fish subject to scombroid toxin (tuna, mackerel, bluefish) and ready-to-eat seafood (pre-cooked, fresh or frozen). This report presents the methodology used for the study, the findings, and product-specific recommendations.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89EAD00002	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-203
REPORT TITLE:		Northeast Region Fishing Vessel

Safety</PRE> Program

AUTHOR: DeAlteris, Joseph and Castro, Kathleen M.

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: National Council of Fishing Vessel Safety and Insurance

ADDRESS: 1525 Wilson Blvd., Suite 500

Arlington, VA

22209

PHONE: 703-524-9216

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project enabled expansion of a successful University of Rhode Island (URI) fishing vessel safety workshop program into the Northeast Region. The four one-day workshops dealt with: Safety Equipment and Survival Procedures; Fire Prevention and Control; Health Emergencies and Distress Communications; and Stability and Navigation. State-of-the-art safety equipment to support the URI workshops was purchased and the workshops were made mobile. As of this report, more than 16 series of workshops have been held throughout the Northeast, with over 400 fishermen participating. In addition, this project assisted the National Council of Fishing Vessel Safety and Insurance (NCFVSI) in developing and producing an edited version of the North Pacific Fishing Vessel Safety Manual to address the Atlantic Coast fishing environment and fisheries. The Atlantic Coast Fishing Vessel Safety Manual is available from NCFVSI.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88EAH00012	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-200
REPORT TITLE:		Raw Bivalve Shellfish: Safety and

Quality</PRE> Assurance

AUTHOR: New England Fisheries Development Association, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: New England Fisheries Development Association, Inc.

ADDRESS: 309 World Trade Center

Boston, MA

02210-2001

PHONE: 617-439-5480

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project investigated bivalve molluscan shellfish handling practices in the Northeast and made recommendations to enhance shellfish quality and safety. The major products produced through this project include a Shellfish Handling Videotape and Manual for Wholesalers and Distributors, and the controlled purification research leading to the publication of the "Controlled Purification Manual" and several research papers.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86EAD00050	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-001
REPORT TITLE:		Regional Marketing:  A Cooperative

Mixed</PRE> Species Program

AUTHOR: New England Fisheries Development Foundation

PUBLISH DATE: Jan-18-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: New England Fisheries Development Association, Inc.

ADDRESS: 309 World Trade Center

Boston, MA

02210-2001

PHONE: 617-439-5480

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report summarizes diverse activities designed to aid the development of markets for abundant but underutilized species, particularly mackerel and herring. Some of the activities covered are: 1) sponsorship of a technical "update" conference for health care professionals on the health benefits of fish oils; 2) development and publication of food writer releases; 3) foodservice workshops; and 4) development and publication of a factual guide covering contaminants, parasites, and other issues of public health concern. <PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA85EAH00045 NMFS NUMBER:

NER-202</PRE> REPORT TITLE: Resource Recovery

AUTHOR: New England Fisheries Development

Association, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-01-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: New England Fisheries Development Association, Inc.

ADDRESS: 309 World Trade Center

Boston, MA

02216-2001

PHONE: 617-439-5480

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The three-year project which is the subject of this report was in response to an urgent industry problem to improve fishwaste utilization and by-product recovery. The project has provided the industry with the opportunity to discover how fish processing wastes may be disposed of in an environmentally safe manner and be handled as raw material for further value-added processing. This project provided the seafood industry and appropriate service sectors with alternative solutions for the disposal and utilization of processing wastes. These solutions can be tailored to meet the needs of small-to-large scale processors, and from low tech to high tech, sophisticated, engineered applications. The information developed under this project was presented to industry through industry workshops and field demonstrations, and is readily available in project reports.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA90AAHSK029 NMFS NUMBER:

NER-060C</PRE> REPORT TITLE: Restore Consumer Confidence in Seafood

AUTHOR: New England Fisheries Development

Association, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-01-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: New England Fisheries Development Association, Inc.

ADDRESS: 309 World Trade Center

Boston, MA

02210

PHONE: 617-439-5480

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project attempted to restore consumer confidence in seafood by addressing safety and quality issues of public concern. The project addressed these issues through: educational workshops for the industry, from harvester through retailer, detailing quality, safety, sanitation, and merchandising; Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP)-based training and plan implementation through pilot studies and follow-up; establishment of a government, industry, consumer emergency network based at the Food Marketing Institute in Washington, D.C.; development of consumer-oriented media articles highlighting nutrition, new species, ease of preparation and HACCP; and the development and printing of a multifaceted consumer point-of-purchase message, addressing many consumer concerns, for distribution by retailers across the country.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA88EAD00006 NMFS NUMBER:

NER-160</PRE> REPORT TITLE: Sea Urchin Development

AUTHOR: New England Fisheries Development

Association, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Aug-01-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: New England Fisheries Development Association, Inc.

ADDRESS: 309 World Trade Center

Boston, MA

02210-2001

PHONE: 617-439-5480

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project was undertaken to evaluate the economic potential of greatly increased green sea urchin landings, representing increases of both high and low grade roe. Objectives were to improve the ability of the harvester to land high quality Grade A roe, and to demonstrate the utilization of lower grade roe in value-added products for both the domestic and export markets. Project activities to achieve these objectives included: 1) development of a Sea Urchin Color and Volume Card, a visual aid for the specification of a desired color and volume, and 2) development of food products that utilize urchin roe in varying proportions.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA17FL0066-01	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-005
REPORT TITLE:		The Development of a Methodology to

Quantify</PRE> Fish Behavior in the Vicinity of Demersal Trawls in the Northwest Atlantic, U.S.A.

AUTHOR: Castro, Kathleen M.; DeAlteris, Joseph T.; Harris, Jessica S. and Milliken, Henry O.

PUBLISH DATE: Jul-15-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: The University of Rhode Island

ADDRESS: Department of Fisheries, Animal &

Veterinary Science

Fisheries Engineering Section

Kingston, RI

02881

PHONE: 401-792-5333

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project developed a methodology to observe and analyze fish behavior in the vicinity of demersal trawls. The procedure involves two SIT-low light underwater cameras and recorders; a microcomputer equipped with an event recorder and spread sheet; and a video-linked time code generator with frame-by-frame controls. The two camera systems allow for two sections of a fishing trawl to be videoed simultaneously during each tow. Video information is then time coded and the behaviors recorded onto a spreadsheet using the microcomputer event recorder. Species-specific ethograms are generated and behaviors within each net section are described qualitatively. Behaviors can then be quantified and analyzed mathematically. First-order Markow chain analysis, factor analysis, or correlation techniques are some of the techniques used for providing quantitative descriptions of the observed behaviors, which can lead to the formation of hypotheses concerning causal effects.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK030	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-061
REPORT TITLE:		The Significance of Marine Biotoxins

to</PRE> Commercial Bivalve Shellfish in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank

AUTHOR: Nardi, George

PUBLISH DATE: Sep-01-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: New England Fisheries Development Association, Inc.

ADDRESS: 309 World Trade Center

Boston, MA

02210-2001

PHONE: 617-439-5480

ABSTRACT

================================================================& lt;P>

The goal of this project was to advance knowledge of specific marine toxins which represent a potential health risk to consumers of molluscan shellfish harvested from the Gulf of Maine and the offshore resource areas on Georges Bank and Nantucket Shoals. Surfclams, ocean quahogs, blue mussels, horse mussels, sea scallops and carnivorous snails were sampled and tested for paralytic shellfish toxin contamination. Early in the study, highly toxic shellfish (surfclams) were reported from the American sector of Georges Bank resulting in a 90-day emergency closure. The focus of the study was then modified to shift the emphasis from experimental work and inshore monitoring of toxic shellfish to a detailed analysis of events in offshore waters, coupled with studies of effects of toxins on various species of shellfish. Numerous physiological and behavioral studies were conducted, along with culture experiments. Results of the studies are provided in the report.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88EAD00007	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-162
REPORT TITLE:		TUGOS Utilization and Selective

Gear</PRE> Development

AUTHOR: Goudey, Clifford A.

PUBLISH DATE: Sep-11-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: MIT Sea Grant College Program

ADDRESS: Center for Fisheries Engineering Research

292 Main Street, Bldg. E38-372

Cambridge, MA

02139

PHONE: 617-253-7079

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report describes the work accomplished in a project to complete development of the Towed Underwater Gear Observation System (TUGOS) into an operational system and utilize it through cooperative selective gear development efforts within the Northeast region. The description of the final TUGOS system is included, as well as a description of the gear observation experience to date and its use in regional selective gear development projects.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89EADSK007	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-205
REPORT TITLE:		Utilization of Atlantic Mackerel in Surimi</PRE> and Minced

Products

AUTHOR: University of Massachusetts

PUBLISH DATE: Jan-08-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Northeast Region

One Blackburn Drive

Gloucester, MA

01930

PHONE: 508-281-9256

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project evaluated the potential of Atlantic mackerel in surimi-based and minced fish products, defining important parameters and conditions of processing for producing products of acceptable quality. Based on initial studies of the pro-oxidant content of the fish muscle, an antioxidant system was designed that minimizes lipid oxidation yet protects the gel-making properties of the muscle proteins. A significant finding was the importance of bringing the antioxidants in contact with the muscle tissue as early as possible in the processing procedure. A product was produced from mackerel light muscle that was stable to flavor changes for one year at -20 C with only 10% loss in gelation quality. Results with surimi prepared from mackerel whole muscle were only slightly less in quality and stability. Dark muscle tissue was much less stable than light tissue. Flavor stability of cooked gels was dependent on the presence of the antioxidant system as well as cryoprotectants. Research methodology and findings are detailed in this report. The next stage for this research effort is to examine the production of mackerel surimi on a large pilot plant scale.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86EAD00044	NMFS NUMBER:	NER-222
REPORT TITLE:		Utilization of Menhaden Minces and Surimi

for</PRE> Direct Consumption and Use in Further Processed Foods

AUTHOR: Mid-Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Sep-30-1988

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Northeast Region

One Blackburn Drive

Gloucester, MA

02910

PHONE: 508-281-9256

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project evaluated various menhaden minces and surimi as a possible food or food ingredient. Results in producing acceptable products were mainly negative because of the pronounced fish flavor. Attempts to incorporate the menhaden products into beef analogs were unsuccessful even when fish flavor suppressants and beef flavor seasonings and intensifiers were used. The flavor of menhaden mince and surimi was also incompatible with most seafood analogs unless the amount was limited to 10 percent. Some success was achieved when a hard textured kamaboko product was made resembling blue crab claw meat and incorporated into a crab cake formulation.

<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86AAHSK143	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-016
REPORT TITLE:		A National Seafood and Health

Nutrition</PRE> Communication Program

AUTHOR: National Fisheries Education and Research Foundation, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Jan-11-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: National Fisheries Education and Research Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 1525 Wilson Blvd., Suite 500

Arlington, VA

22209

PHONE: 703-524-9216

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The project goal was to facilitate increased per capita seafood consumption by coordinating four diverse programs to inform and educate the consumer about the health and nutrition benefits of seafood. The main project elements included: 1) consumer information brochures; 2) Seafood Nutri-Facts, a retail point-of-purchase nutrition information program; 3) American Home Economics Association education programs, and 4) nutrition spokesperson media tours. The first two elements were targeted directly to the consumer; the other two elements were directed to professional educators who provide information to the consumer. The report describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of these project activities. Information on project products referenced in the report may be obtained from the National Fisheries Education and Research Foundation.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89AAHSK008	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-012
REPORT TITLE:		A Rapid, Sensitive Assay for

Dinoflagellate</PRE> Toxins in Seafood

AUTHOR: Anderson, Donald M.

PUBLISH DATE: Jun-18-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Office of Trade and Industry Services

1335 East-West Highway

Silver Spring, MD

20910

PHONE: 301-713-2358

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report provides results of the first year of a proposed three-year project to look at suitable alternatives to the standard mouse bioassay for dinoflagellate toxins. Several different approaches were taken to produce a saxitoxin (STX) binding component that could be used in a variety of formats as a rapid sensitive assay for the detection of STX and its derivatives in shellfish. The project was not funded beyond the first year, therefore, only the following general conclusions are suggested: 1) the ultrafiltration assay proved useful in rapidly determining the ability of anti-serum to bind to STX; 2) production of polyclonal anti-STX antibodies appears to be a better approach to obtaining a useful STX binding component; and 3) the use of the synthetic STX-like antigen continues to be a promising approach for the production of antibodies in rabbits.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88AAHSK009	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-015
REPORT TITLE:		A Survey of the Current and Potential Use

of</PRE> Commercial and Recreational Fishing Vessels for Public Wildlife and Habitat Observation

AUTHOR: Phillips, Steven H.

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-01-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: Sport Fishing Institute

ADDRESS: 1010 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.

Suite 320

Washington, DC

20001

PHONE: 202-898-0770

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project report provides an information base to assist in diversification of sources of income for commercial and recreational fishing vessels as a means of avoiding catastrophic changes in these industries because of fishery resource depletion. Information is presented to develop an understanding of the current and potential use of these fishing vessels for public wildlife and habitat observation. The report indicates that there are opportunities for the expansion of the habitat observation industry in all regions of the country. General guidelines are presented for those interested in beginning a nature observation business.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA17FD0142-01	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-025
REPORT TITLE:		An Assessment of Artificial Reef Use

and</PRE> Management and Its Effect on Recreational and Commercial Fishermen

AUTHOR: Berger, Tina L. and Fedler, Anthony J.

PUBLISH DATE: Jun-01-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: Sport Fishing Institute

ADDRESS: Artificial Reef Development Center

1010 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Suite 100

Washington, DC

20001

PHONE: 202-898-0770

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project was undertaken with the primary purpose of compiling and generating greater information on the use of artificial reefs by recreational and commercial fishermen. Its goal was to enhance the conservation and management of U.S. fisheries, particularly artificial reef fisheries, by determining the extent of artificial reef use by commercial and recreational fishermen, and assessing the impacts of reef development and management on recreational and commercial fishing. The commercial and recreational fishing use data gathered in this study, along with Special Management Zone (SMZ) regulation information, has been added to the Artificial Reef Profiles Database maintained by the Sport Fishing Institute. As additional use data becomes available, it will be added to the database so that use trends can be developed and monitored. Data analysis information is included in this report.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88ABH00030	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-012
REPORT TITLE:		An Economic Analysis of the Pacific

Salmon</PRE> Industry: Effects of Salmon Farming

AUTHOR: Mittelhammer, Ron C.; Herrmann, Mark, and Lin, Biing-Hwan

PUBLISH DATE: Sep-30-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Office of Trade and Industry Services

1335 East-West Highway

Silver Spring, MD

20910

PHONE: 301-713-2358

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The project objectives were to: 1) analyze the economic effects of an increasing supply of farmed salmon on markets for wild and farmed salmon, with an emphasis on changing trade patterns and resulting price effects, and 2) given projections for the future course of world salmon markets, assess the economic viability of future expansion of commercial salmon farming operations in the Puget Sound of Washington State. To address these objectives, a model of world salmon trade between North America, the European Economic Community, Japan, and Norway was developed. Simulations were performed on alternative historical scenarios involving key variables in the trade model. Scenarios analyzed included variations in production/export levels of farmed salmon from Norway, Scotland, and Chile; exchange rate fluctuations; tariff structure changes; variations in the level of Pacific salmon landings; and fluctuations in the price of canned salmon. <PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK134	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-005
REPORT TITLE:		Artificial Reef Profiles:  A

National</PRE> Database of Artificial Reef Programs and Projects

AUTHOR: Berger, T. L., Seaman, Wm. Jr., Halusky, J.G., Pybas, D.W. and Strawbrige, B.

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: Sport Fishing Institute

ADDRESS: 1010 Massachusetts Avenue,

Suite 320

Washington, DC

20001

PHONE: 202-898-0770

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project updated, expanded and made accessible by computer modem, the Artificial Reef Profiles Database which contains artificial reef development and monitoring information on more than 670 individual artificial reef sites throughout 23 coastal States. The database contains information on State reef programs and individual reef sites such as, location, date of construction, intended uses of site, type, volume, footprint and relief of reef materials, and type of pre- and post-deployment monitoring activities. This information can be used to promote more effective reef planning, construction and comparable monitoring practices.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88EAH00013	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-026
REPORT TITLE:		Atlantic Mackerel Marketing

Council</PRE> Feasibility

AUTHOR: New England Fisheries Development Foundation

PUBLISH DATE: Aug-01-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: New England Fisheries Development Association, Inc.

ADDRESS: 309 World Trade Center

Boston, MA

02210-2001

PHONE: 617-439-5480

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The passage of the Fish and Seafood Promotion Act of 1986 provided an opportunity for the seafood industry to establish marketing councils for one or more species of fish and/or fish products. These councils would be industry operated and supported through assessments based on volume or value of product handled. This report describes the conduct and results of a study to determine the feasibility of the Atlantic mackerel industry forming a species-specific marketing council to implement programs to enhance utilization of its products.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA83AAH00070	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-155B
REPORT TITLE:		Completion of the Preliminary Collection

of</PRE> Commercial Fishing Casualty and Injury Reports AUTHOR: Marine Index Bureau, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Oct-01-1986

AVAILABLE FROM: National Council of Fishing Vessel Safety and Insurance

ADDRESS: 1525 Wilson Blvd., Suite 500

Arlington, VA

22209

PHONE: 703-524-9216

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project report discusses the development of a system for the collection and compilation of reports on commercial fishing vessel casualties and injuries involving fishermen. Establishment of this central data base of casualty data will identify the types and causes of accidents and injuries occurring aboard fishing vessels and will enable industry to pinpoint equipment and practices that need remedial attention. This information will also help marine insurers set premiums according to the proper level of risk.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86AAHSK144	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-022
REPORT TITLE:		Develop a Specific Inspection Program for

Two</PRE> Segments of the Seafood Industry

AUTHOR: National Fisheries Education and Research Foundation, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Oct-01-1988

AVAILABLE FROM: National Fisheries Education and Research Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 1525 Wilson Blvd., Suite 500

Arlington, VA

22209

PHONE: 703-524-9216

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The purpose of this project was to provide information and industry input to assist the NOAA/NMFS Model Seafood Surveillance Program (MSSP) in designing a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP)-based fishery product inspection program. The program process includes industry workshops organized on a commodity-by-commodity basis; development of workshop reports for each specific seafood commodity, including a HACCP inspection model for each commodity; testing of the HACCP inspection model in industry processing plants; modification of the HACCP inspection model to reflect the test results, and development of a final report and manual for that commodity. Seven workshops were organized and carried out, one each for breaded shrimp, cooked shrimp and raw shrimp and four regional workshops for raw finfish. Industry steering committees for each commodity were appointed to monitor applications of the HACCP concept. In-plant tests of the HACCP models were conducted in nine breaded shrimp and nine cooked shrimp plants. This report summarizes these activities.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89AAHSK007	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-027
REPORT TITLE:		Development and Evaluation of

Education</PRE> Techniques to Eliminate At-Sea Disposal of Plastics

AUTHOR: Kearney/Centaur and Center For Marine Conservation

PUBLISH DATE: Apr-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Office of Trade and Industry Services

1335 East-West Highway

Silver Spring, MD

20910

PHONE: 301-713-2358

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report presents the results of a study to develop, test and evaluate marine debris education techniques to eliminate at-sea disposal of plastics. The project was structured in three phases: 1) a baseline survey of commercial fishermen and recreational boaters on their garbage disposal practices and perceptions of the problems of marine debris and entanglement; 2) a targeted marine debris education program for the survey groups at three of four project sites, and 3) a reassessment survey of the baseline groups on their garbage disposal practices and perceptions of marine debris problems after the education program. Project conclusions and recommendations are provided with this report.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88AAHSK008	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-047
REPORT TITLE:		Development of a Model Seafood

Surveillance</PRE> Program Based on the HACCP Concept

AUTHOR: National Fisheries Education and Research Foundation, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Jan-01-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: National Fisheries Education and Research Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 1525 Wilson Blvd., Suite 500

Arlington, VA

22209

PHONE: 703-524-9216

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report provides the results of project activities (started under grant NA86AAHSK144) to obtain U.S. seafood industry input and assist the National Marine Fisheries Service's Model Seafood Surveillance Project (MSSP) in developing an improved seafood inspection system consistent with the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) concept. Thirteen workshops, with over 360 U.S. seafood industry participants, were conducted to obtain industry input in developing HACCP models. The workshops were followed by 139 in-plant tests of the HACCP models. The process resulted in the development of 29 HACCP models which included process controls and plant sanitation. The study concluded that the HACCP concept can be effectively applied to the U.S. seafood processing industry, providing an improved inspection system. <PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88EAD00014	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-013
REPORT TITLE:		Development of a Non-Compressive

Waterjet</PRE> Technique for the Separation of Flesh From the Fish Frame

AUTHOR: Lee, Chong M. and Kim, Thomas J.

PUBLISH DATE: May-15-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Office of Trade and Industry Services

1335 East-West Highway

Silver Spring, MD

20910

PHONE: 301-713-2358

ABSTRACT

================================================================& lt;P>

This project was conducted to determine the feasibility of the use of a high impact waterjet technique for meat separation from the fish frame. The study includes determination of nozzle configuration, waterjet pressure and flow rate requirements, yield and functional properties of recovered meat, and a conceptual design of a continuous pilot plant operation. The results of this study indicate that the pressurized stream of water process for removing meat from the bone is possible. However, there were several impeding factors that would not support commercial feasibility.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA16FD0153-01	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-009
REPORT TITLE:		Dipstick Screening Test for Histamine in</PRE> Fisheries Products - Year

1

AUTHOR: University of Southern Mississippi PUBLISH DATE: Jun-24-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: University of Southern Mississippi

ADDRESS: Chemistry and Biochemistry Dept.

Southern Station, Box 5043

Hattiesburg, MS

39406-5043

PHONE: 601-266-4701

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The goal of this project was to produce a sensitive, accurate, rapid and convenient dipstick test for histamine in seafood products. The first three of four objectives dealt with the major aspects or variables in the development of a dipstick, and the last related to the testing of the latter with a seafood product with known histamine levels. Significant progress was made on the first objective resulting in an enzyme system with reasonably high activity. A number of variables in the selection of an indicator dye system, the second objective, were explored and a useful one was established. The third objective of optimization of the dipstick system was only partially realized in that the stability in a completed dry form of the dipstick was shown to be only one day. The demonstration of the approach and principles was completed but not the "optimization." No data is available on testing the dipstick, although the dipstick is sensitive enough to detect even marginally decomposed fish.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88AAHSK011	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-046
REPORT TITLE:		Economic Activity Associated with

Fishery</PRE> Products in the United States (Volume I and Volume II)

AUTHOR: A.T. Kearney, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Jul-01-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: National Fisheries Education and Research Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 1525 Wilson Blvd., Suite 500

Arlington, VA

22209

PHONE: 703-524-9216

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This study provides estimates of the national economic impacts of the commercial fishing, processing, distribution and retail industries in the United States. Impacts are measured in terms of gross sales, income, and person years of employment. Impacts are also specified in terms of direct, indirect and induced economic activities. The base year for this study is l986. Each class of impact is measured by major species groups, product type, and region for each step in the marketing process. Volume I includes Introduction, Methodology and Interpretation of Results, New England, Mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic. Volume II includes Gulf, Pacific, Alaska, Great Lakes, Harvest Not Landed in U.S. Ports, and Sample Issues and Approach.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89AAHSK006	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-019
REPORT TITLE:		Economic Impacts of Hazard Analysis

Critical</PRE> Control Point (HACCP) Models for Nine Segments of the Seafood Processing Industry

AUTHOR: Kearney/Centaur Division of A.T. Kearney, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Oct-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: National Fisheries Education and Research Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 1525 Wilson Blvd., Suite 500

Arlington, VA

22209

PHONE: 703-524-9216

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report summarizes the results of two studies assessing the costs and economic impacts of implementing Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) models, part of the Model Seafood Surveillance Program (MSSP), in nine segments of the seafood processing industry. It presents aggregate findings showing the estimated processing industry costs of implementing the proposed models and the expected consequential economic impacts on the U.S. seafood industry and consumers. The product models or types of seafood processors evaluated include: blue crab; breaded and specialty products; breaded shrimp; cooked shrimp; molluscan shellfish; raw fish, raw shrimp; smoked and cured fish; and West Coast crab. The results discussed in this report are the same as presented in the referenced studies, except these findings are shown in the aggregate for all nine product models or types of seafood processing. In addition, all dollar figures have been converted to 1989 values to achieve consistency among the results. The research approach used to perform the studies is documented in the following reports: 1) Economic Impacts of HACCP Models for Breaded, Cooked, and Raw Shrimp and Raw Fish, and 2) Economic Impacts of HACCP Models for Blue Crab, Breaded and Specialty Products, Molluscan Shellfish, Smoked and Cured Fish, and West Coast Crab. Contact National Fisheries Education and Research Foundation regarding these reports.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA16FD0055-01	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-024
REPORT TITLE:		Economic Production of Microalgal

Aquaculture</PRE> Feeds

AUTHOR: Gladue, Ray

PUBLISH DATE: May-01-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Office of Trade and Industry Services

1335 East-West Highway

Silver Spring, MD

20910

PHONE: 301-713-2358

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

One hundred and nine distinct strains of microalgae, selected from species that are commonly used as feeds in aquaculture, were tested for their ability to grow heterotrophically (in the dark). After testing in a variety of complex and defined growth media, 57 heterotrophic algae were identified representing four genera: Tetraselmis (44 strains), Chlorella (6 strains), Nannochloropsis (4 strains), and Dunaliella (3 strains). None of these heterotrophs exhibited the rapid growth to high densities that would be necessary for economical heterotrophic growth. Alternatively, a strain of the diatom, Nitzschia, that is not normally used as a feed, displayed excellent heterotrophic growth. When tested as a food source for several species of shellfish, it demonstrated potential value as an inexpensive nutritional supplement to traditional algae feed.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88AAHSK010	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-044
REPORT TITLE:		Feasibility Study for

Species-Specific</PRE> Marketing Council for Clams, Oysters, and Mussels

AUTHOR: Nelson, Chris; Martin, Roy E.

PUBLISH DATE: May-01-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: Shellfish Institute of North America

ADDRESS: 1525 Wilson Blvd.<PRE>

             				Suite 500</PRE>

Arlington, VA

22209

PHONE: 703-524-8881

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The enactment of the Fish and Seafood Promotion Act of 1986 provided authority to establish industry-funded promotion councils for a particular species or group of species of seafood products. This report documents a feasibility study conducted to determine the degree of interest within the clam, oyster, and mussel industries for the formation of an industry-funded promotional council. Details are presented on the targeted industries, the questionnaires developed for an extensive mail survey of the industries, analysis of the survey results, and findings and recommendations.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA16FD0122-01	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-033
REPORT TITLE:		Fish Net Collection and Recycling:  A</PRE> Description and

Analysis

AUTHOR: Recht, Fran

PUBLISH DATE: Aug-12-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission

ADDRESS: 2501 S.W. First Avenue, Suite 200

Portland, OR

97201-4752

PHONE: 503-326-7025

ABSTRACT

================================================================& lt;P>

This project supported the first net recycling program in the United States. It provided important information on community collection and shipment logistics, and has shown that nylon net collection and recycling can be made economically viable and self-sustaining. This report is a guide to others who may wish to recycle fish nets in ports around the country. The report provides recommendations and factors that must be considered to ensure success in recycling nets.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89AAHSK002	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-009
REPORT TITLE:		Fishing Tackle Export Barriers:  A Tariff and</PRE> Non-Tariff

Analysis

AUTHOR: Boone Bait Company

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Office of Trade and Industry Services

1335 East-West Highway

Silver Spring, MD

20910

PHONE: 301-713-2358

ABSTRACT

================================================================& lt;P>

This report examines the competitive positon of the U.S. fishing tackle industry in the international market place. It contains import and export trade data and current tariff rates on all products, as well as tariff and non-tariff barriers that affect the U.S. tackle industry.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA88AAHSK022 NMFS NUMBER:

WO-040</PRE> REPORT TITLE: Fishing Vessel Safety

AUTHOR: National Council of Fishing Vessel Safety and

Insurance

PUBLISH DATE: Jun-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: National Council of Fishing Vessel Safety and Insurance

ADDRESS: 1525 Wilson Blvd., Suite 500

Arlington, VA

22209

PHONE: 703-524-9216

ABSTRACT

================================================================& lt;P>

This report provides a review of fishing vessel safety activities designed to help fishing vessel fleets identify, analyze and resolve their particular safety problems, including drug and alcohol abuse, and to assist the industry in investigating and developing its insurance alternatives. The project, in conjunction with the Coast Guard, produced vessel safety training manuals, for fisheries along the Atlantic Coast and the Gulf of Mexico. Training programs, based on the Gulf manual, were developed and conducted for the Gulf of Mexico fishing industry. The project also sponsored workshops on regional safety training programs and insurance alternatives, produced a model drug testing program, and a computer software program to track vessel-related casualties. Products of the project, available from the National Council, include: 1) Gulf Coast Fishing Vessel Safety Manual; 2) Atlantic Coast Fishing Vessel Safety Manual; 3) Model Guidelines for Fishing Industry Compliance with Department of Transportation Drug-Testing Regulations; and 4) a Fleet Specific Safety Audit Program.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86AAHSK140	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-038C
REPORT TITLE:		Hyperfiltration Technology for Recovery

and</PRE> Utilization of Protein Materials in Surimi Process Waters

AUTHOR: Pedersen, L.D.; Rose, W.W.; Deniston, M.F. and Merlo, C.A.,

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Office of Trade and Industry Services

1335 East-West Highway

Silver Spring, MD

20910

PHONE: 301-713-2358

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report covers a three-phase project to develop processes for the recovery and utilization of surimi wash water proteins. The report presents details regarding the hyperfiltration systems evaluated and finally selected as the most likely to have application to membrane filtration of surimi wash waters. The plate and frame membrane system selected was thoroughly tested using different membrane materials and different pore sizes. The report provides a detailed analysis of each method and set of conditions tested.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA16FD0145-01	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-004
REPORT TITLE:		In-Depth Subjecting on Computer

of</PRE> Sportfishing and Related Fisheries Publications

AUTHOR: International Game Fish Association, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Jun-29-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: International Game Fish Association, Inc.

ADDRESS: 1301 East Atlantic Blvd.

Pompano Beach, FL

33060

PHONE: 305-941-3474

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project resulted in completion of the in-depth subjecting of IGFA's International Library of Fishes. All materials in the library (approximately 10,000 books, periodicals, videos/films, and technical and scientific papers and reports) were in-depth subjected, including articles within periodicals and when appropriate, chapters within books. Automated access to this newly created database is available to all recreational anglers, as well as to interested parties in the communications, scientific and economic fields.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA17FD0294-01	NMFS NUMBER:  WO-022
REPORT TITLE:		International Orientation Workshop and

Site</PRE> Visits

AUTHOR:			National Fisheries Institute, Inc.<PRE>
PUBLISH DATE:		Jan-01-1993
AVAILABLE FROM:	National Fisheries Institute, Inc.
				ADDRESS:	1525 Wilson Blvd.</PRE>

Suite 500

Arlington, VA

22209<PRE>

				PHONE:	703-524-8880</PRE>

<H1>ABSTRACT</H1>

=================================================================

Under this project, an international orientation workshop and site visits to nine countries that are major suppliers of seafood to the United States were conducted. The purpose of the site visits was to evaluate the equivalency of foreign seafood inspection programs based on the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) concept. The project was an extension of work conducted by the National Fisheries Education and Research Foundation under S-K grant NA88AAHSK006. The international orientation workshop was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and the countries visited were: Australia, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Norway, and Thailand. Project results indicate that, in most cases, the seafood inspection authorities of foreign countries are sufficient for entering into a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the United States. Several countries have implemented HACCP-based inspection programs and most other countries are in the process of moving from other forms of inspection toward a HACCP-type inspection program. Most of the 20 industry processing plants surveyed could meet U.S. requirements without major modifications. All of the countries visited exhibited interest in the U.S. HACCP-based program and in entering into a MOU with the United States on seafood inspection. It was recommended that FDA and NOAA give priority to pursuing MOUs with qualified countries and provide assistance in helping countries undertake training and other measures needed to implement a HACCP-based program.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89AAHSK005	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-008
REPORT TITLE:		Investigation of Recycling/Reprocessing

with</PRE> Marine Plastics - A Cost Effective Method of Dealing with Plastic Debris with Emphasis on Fishing Gear - Phase I

AUTHOR: Xanthos, Marino

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-25-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Office of Trade and Industry Services

1335 East-West Highway

Silver Spring, MD

20910

PHONE: 301-713-2358

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report presents the results of Phase 1 of a proposed two-year research project to evaluate the feasibility of recycling used and obsolete plastic netting, and to provide the fishing industry with economic incentives to participate in such efforts. The objectives of Phase 1 were the collection on a national level, and the identification and characterization of used fishing gear in order to examine its potential for recycling via melt reprocessing. The collected data on nylon fibers indicate that extrusion recycling is quite feasible and will not involve technologies that would add major costs to the overall operation.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA86AAHSK131	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-059B
REPORT TITLE:		Investment Decision Making in the

American</PRE> Lobster Fishery: A Comparison Between Limited Entry and Open Access Regimes

AUTHOR: Liebzeit, Andrea and Allen, Dick

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-01-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: Atlantic Offshore Fishermen's Association

ADDRESS: P.O. Box 3001

Newport, RI

02840

PHONE: 401-849-3232

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This study examined the capital structure of the inshore and offshore lobster fisheries of Massachusetts and Rhode Island and compared investment decision patterns in each of the industries. A focus of the study was to determine the differences between the two inshore fleets that may have resulted from the two distinct management systems used to regulate each fishery: the Rhode Island open access inshore lobster fishery and the Massachusetts limited license program. Information derived from this study will help fishery managers and policy makers in the development of management policies regulating fishing effort in the lobster fishery. It will also assist managers to improve the limited license program in Massachusetts and will be of value to Rhode Island fishery managers looking at ways to deal with the overcapitalization of the industry and increased competition among lobstermen.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA85EAH00049	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-053B
REPORT TITLE:		Management of U.S. Seafood Sales

Exhibitions</PRE> at Four International Food Shows

AUTHOR: Mid-Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Dec-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Northeast Region

One Blackburn Drive

Gloucester, MA

01930

PHONE: 508-281-9256

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The goal of this project was to help increase exports of U.S. seafood products. The project organized and managed participation of the U.S. seafood industry in a Seafood U.S.A. exhibit at four major international food shows over a three-year period (1987-1989). These shows, IFE (London), ANUGA (two shows in Cologne) and SIAL (Paris), are the largest in the world and attract participants from more than 125 countries looking to purchase food products. This effort to present U.S. seafood products to world markets resulted in increases in the export of fishery products from the United States. This report provides details of show preparation and activity and an analysis of exhibit results.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA27FD0092-01	NMFS NUMBER:  WO-002
REPORT TITLE:		Marine Biotoxins and Harmful Algae:

A</PRE> National Plan (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Tech. Rept., WHOI- 93-02)

AUTHOR: Anderson, Donald M.; Galloway, Sylvia B. and Joseph, Jeanne D.<PRE>

PUBLISH DATE:		Jan-01-1993
AVAILABLE FROM:	National Technical Information Service

ADDRESS: NTIS Order# PB93-191708-WHOI 93- </PRE>02

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA

22161<PRE>

				PHONE:	703-487-4650</PRE>

<H1>ABSTRACT</H1>

=================================================================

Marine biotoxins and harmful algae represent a significant and expanding threat to human health and fisheries resources throughout the United States. This problem takes many forms, ranging from massive "red tides" or blooms of cells that discolor the water to diluted, inconspicuous concentrations of cells noticed only because of the harm caused by the highly potent toxins those cells contain. Impacts include mass mortalities of wild and farmed fish, human intoxications and death from contaminated shellfish or fish, alterations of marine trophic structure, and death of marine mammals, seabirds, and other animals. The nature of the problem has changed considerably over the last two decades in the United States. Where formerly a few regions were affected, now virtually every coastal State is threatened, in may cases over large geographic areas and by more than one harmful species. The U.S. research, monitoring, and regulatory infrastructure is not adequately prepared to meet this expanding threat. In an effort to surmount these problems, a workshop was convened to formulate a National Plan for the prediction, control, and mitigation of the effects of harmful algal blooms on the U.S. marine biota. This report summarizes the status of U.S. research knowledge and capabilities, and identifies areas where research funds should be directed for maximum benefit.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA88ABH00028 NMFS NUMBER:

WO-011</PRE> REPORT TITLE: Marking of Fishing Gear

AUTHOR: Northwest Marine Technology, Inc. and

Aqua-Terra Consulting, Ltd.

PUBLISH DATE: Apr-01-1989

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Office of Trade and Industry Services

1335 East-West Highway

Silver Spring, MD

20910

PHONE: 301-713-2358

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This is a report of Phase 1 of a two-phase project to develop a system for marking fishing gear so that the origin of these materials can be readily and accurately determined. The report presents detailed results of the following four tasks: 1) collect information on the chemical and physical characteristics of the man-made materials (polymers) used in fabrication of commercial fishing gear; 2) evaluate the manufacturing techniques employed in construction of twine and ropes; 3) document the working parameters of the material used in fishing gear; and 4) assess the techiques that may be used to mark fishing gear. The report concludes that it is technically feasible to mark fishing gear and provides the basis to proceed with the actual design and fabrication of a marking system or systems.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89AAHSK018	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-023
REPORT TITLE:		National Symposium on Shellfish Depuration</PRE> and

Proceedings

AUTHOR: National Fisheries Education and Research Foundation, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: May-13-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: National Fisheries Education and Research Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 1525 Wilson Blvd., Suite 500

Arlington, VA

22209

PHONE: 703-524-9216

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project organized a symposium on shellfish depuration technology and published the proceedings of the meeting. A summary of the project achievements is provided in a brief final report. The major product is the published proceedings of the First International Molluscan Shellfish Depuration Conference, held in Orlando, Florida in 1989. The publication consists of a collection of contributions from scientists, regulators, and industry representatives on a wide range of technical, economic, and regulatory aspects of depuration. The proceedings, entitled "Molluscan Shellfish Depuration," published in l991, are available from CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd., N.W., Boca Raton, Florida 33431. The order number is ISSN 91-11909.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89AAHSK017	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-022
REPORT TITLE:		Process and Storage Conditions for Inactivation and/or Inhibition of <em</PRE>

u>Listeria monocytogenes in Smoked Fishery Products

AUTHOR: National Fisheries Education and Research Foundation, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-01-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: National Fisheries Education and Research Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 1525 Wilson Blvd., Suite 500

Arlington, VA

22209

PHONE: 703-524-9216

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This study developed a methodology for detection and enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes in smoked fish, crab, and shrimp. Sources of L. monocytogenes contamination in plants were identified and procedures for elimination of the organism from both raw and cooked products were investigated. Growth of the organism in crabmeat, shrimpmeat, and smoked fish, under conditions of elevated refrigerated storage in different packaging systems, was characterized. Inhibitory contribution of smoked fish processing parameters such as process heat, smoke, and packaging system, and product ingredients such as salt, nitrite, sugar, and sorbate were also investigated. Benefits of this study are increased safety and shelf-life, consumer acceptability, and wider marketability of crab, shrimp, and smoked fishery products.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK836	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-022
REPORT TITLE:		Proximate, Cholesterol and Fatty

Acid</PRE> Nutritional Content of Seafood

AUTHOR: Lytle, Julia S. and Lytle, Thomas F.

PUBLISH DATE: Feb-01-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Office of Trade and Industry Services

1335 East-West Highway

Silver Spring, MD

20910

PHONE: 301-713-2358

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report details a three-year study (started under grant NA88AAHSK018) on the nutritional content of warm water fishes of the Gulf of Mexico. Fatty acid profiles, cholesterol, fat, protein, moisture and ash are reported on 45 Gulf fishes with seasonal means and minimum/maximum values included for each species. Examination for variability of fatty acids associated with sex, age, size, sexual maturity and geographical location indicated that the accumulation of storage fats was the primary determining factor leading to variations. Cooking resulted in little change in fat and fatty acids. Over 80% of the species contained less than 2% fat and provided 0.1-0.6 grams (g) of omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (f.a.) per serving. Cholesterol content ranged from 20-60 mg/100 g raw tissue. Though Gulf fishes provide lower absolute amounts of omega-3 f.a. per serving, they supply lower total fats which are enriched in omega-3 f.a. as compared to cold water species.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA83ABH00066	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-017
REPORT TITLE:		Public Health Evaluation of the Effects

of</PRE> Shellfish on Cholesterol and Lipoproteins in Humans

AUTHOR: Omenn, Gil and Childs, Marian

PUBLISH DATE: May-09-1985

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Office of Trade and Industry Services

1335 East-West Highway

Silver Spring, MD

20910

PHONE: 301-713-2358

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project investigated the effects of shellfish consumption on cholesterol absorption and on plasma lipoprotein lipids in normal humans. In this study, eight men (ages 22-40) with normal plasma lipid values and no overt health problems were fed, in random sequence, three diets which contained as their primary source of animal protein (1) breast of chicken, (2) Dungeness crab, or (3) a mixture of Pacific oysters and razor clams. The subjects consumed calories sufficient to maintain their body weight. The diets were matched for their caloric distribution (protein, fat, and carbohydrate) and for cholesterol and omega fatty acid content. The subjects were fed each diet for a 21-day period under metabolic ward conditions. Using the isotope ratio method, the study showed that the oyster/clam mixture decreased cholesterol absorption when compared to the crab or the chicken diet. No difference was found in cholesterol absorption between the crab and chicken diet. There were no differences among the diets for total plasma cholesterol or triglycerides, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, or high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. However, the ratio of the HDL2/HDL3 cholesterol was increased on the oyster/clam diet when compared to the crab or the chicken diet and was increased on the crab diet when compared to the chicken diet. Results suggest that, in man, molluscan shellfish inhibits cholesterol absorption.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA82AAH00020	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-025
REPORT TITLE:		Quality Assurance and Product Safety in</PRE> Salmon Canning

Operations

AUTHOR: National Food Processors Association

PUBLISH DATE: Mar-01-1985

AVAILABLE FROM: National Food Processors Association

ADDRESS: 1133 Twentieth Street, N.W.

Washington, DC

20036

PHONE: 202-331-5955

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report provides details of a l982-l983 study of salmon canning operations to determine the distribution of Clostridium botulinum in plants. The study included collecting samples from several salmon canneries for microbiological analyses, reviewing plant operations, container handling and sanitation practices, and evaluating the efficacy of in-plant dud detection systems to remove defective containers. Studies were also conducted in several warehouses where salmon was labeled, cased, and distributed. Study results indicated the incidence of C. botulinum was quite low, but also reinforced the need for continued vigilance in the areas of sanitation and food safety.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA17FD0180-01 NMFS NUMBER:

WO-029</PRE> REPORT TITLE: Safe Seafood: A HACCP Retail Pilot

AUTHOR: New England Fisheries Development

Association, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Aug-01-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: New England Fisheries Development Association, Inc.

ADDRESS: 309 World Trade Center

Boston, MA

02210-2001

PHONE: 617-439-5480

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project contributed to the development of a prototype model for the retail sector of a voluntary seafood program based on the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system of inspection. The project included a pre-pilot test in three supermarket sites which precipitated a training workshop and pilot study for 13 retail supermarkets and two independent retail seafood stores, representing 12 States. The pilot study included six inspection visits to each site to evaluate the participants' implementation of their approved HACCP-based plan. State and local jurisdictions, which conduct retail food inspections, were involved in the pilot study activities along with FDA and NOAA. Two videos, one for management and one for store associates, and an accompanying manual, are available through the Food Marketing Institute, 1750 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006, a subcontractor in the project.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA89AAHSK004	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-030
REPORT TITLE:		Southeast Initiative to Comply with

MARPOL</PRE> Annex V Prohibitions on At-Sea Dumping of Plastics

AUTHOR: Gibbs, Lucy; Shaffer, Walter L., and

Sansom, Jerry

PUBLISH DATE: Aug-14-1992

AVAILABLE FROM: Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 5401 West Kennedy Blvd., Suite 669

Tampa, FL

33609

PHONE: 813-286-8390

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project report describes the efforts of fishing industry associations in Texas, South Carolina and Florida to: 1) educate commercial fishermen and the public about the marine debris problem and regulations, and 2) develop easy access to the marine debris disposal facilities in key fishing ports within the Southeast region. The South Carolina and Texas portions of the project were successful in establishing marine debris reception facilities in several ports, sites and facilities encouraging use of these facilities. The project was unsuccessful in developing a marine debris reception facility in Cortez, Florida. Some of the reasons for this failure are instructive in terms of avoiding the same pitfalls in future efforts. Details are included in this report.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK135	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-012
REPORT TITLE:		The Economics of Wetland Valuation:  A

Review</PRE> of the Literature and Recommendations for Future Research

AUTHOR: Sport Fishing Institute

PUBLISH DATE: Oct-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: Sport Fishing Institute

ADDRESS: 1010 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.

Suite 320

Washington, DC

20001

PHONE: 202-898-0770

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This project was undertaken to determine the current status of wetland valuation methods and develop a research agenda for strengthening valuation procedures for wetland services. This report provides a review of the non-market evaluation literature. The focus is on defining the supply, demand and markets for wetland services and evaluating the methods and techniques economists have developed that can be applied by placing a dollar value on these services. Valuation approaches which reflect both willingness-to-pay and non-willingness-to-pay methods are examined. Recommendations for improving wetland valuation studies are included in the report.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA90AAHSK143	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-003
REPORT TITLE:		Theoretical Estimation of Exposure and Risks from Consumption of Selected Seafoods
AUTHOR:			Elkins, Edgar R. and Lin, Gary
PUBLISH DATE:		May-01-1993
AVAILABLE FROM:	National Marine Fisheries Service
				ADDRESS:	Office of Trade and Industry</PRE>

Services

1335 East-West Highway

Silver Spring, MD

20910<PRE>

				PHONE:	301-713-2358</PRE>

<H1>ABSTRACT</H1>

=================================================================

The objective of this project was to develop estimates of theoretical health risk from consumption of fish and shellfish subject to contamination from heavy metals, pesticides, and other organic chemicals. Human exposure levels were determined for 16 contaminants of concern in the 20 seafoods most commonly consumed by the U.S. population. The corresponding health risk estimates were calculated for each chemical using EPA methodology. Available data on average per capita consumption, as well as 95th and 99th percentile consumption levels, were used in the calculations. Two contaminant residue levels were considered: the legal limit for the chemical of concern; and one-half the limit of quantification of the analytical method that would be used to determine the level in seafood. In the absence of U.S. limits (tolerances or action levels), limits imposed by other countries were used. Because of the many uncertainties inherent in the current exposure and risk assessment procedures, the authors recommended that the information developed by this project be used to target areas of potential concern about contaminated seafoods. More realistic estimates of health risk, therefore, must await improvements in risk assessment methodology and more reliable consumption and contaminant data.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA85AAHSK145	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-159
REPORT TITLE:		Uniform Product Code:  Develop

Standard</PRE> Numbering System for Random Weight Fish and Seafood

AUTHOR: National Fisheries Education and Research Foundation, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Jan-01-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: National Fisheries Education and Research Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 1525 Wilson Blvd., Suite 500

Arlington, VA

22209

PHONE: 703-524-9216

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

This report documents the development of a Uniform Product Code (UPC) System for random weight seafood and a Retail Seafood Identity System to facilitate accurate and uniform identification of seafood products sold at retail. A Seafood Random Weight UPC Numbering System manual assigns four digit codes (UPC's) to over 1500 seafood products sold by food retailers on a random weight basis. It uses acceptable market names and descriptive nomenclature for the most common finfish and shellfish items. The Retail Identity System Manual provides: 1) a basic explanation of Federal requirements for food product identity labeling; 2) guidance on the selection of acceptable market names for fish; 3) definitions and visual depictions for fish product market forms; 4) definitions of processing techniques which may affect product identity; and 5) guidance on how to select and combine these terms to yield appropriate product names. These manuals are available from the National Fisheries Education and Research Foundation.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA84AAHSK093	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-206
REPORT TITLE:		Use of Bisulfite in Shrimp - Residues, Fate,</PRE> and

Alternatives

AUTHOR: Taylor, Steve L.

PUBLISH DATE: Apr-30-1986

AVAILABLE FROM: National Marine Fisheries Service

ADDRESS: Office of Trade and Industry Services

1335 East-West Highway

Silver Spring, MD

20910

PHONE: 301-713-2358

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The degree of potential hazard associated with the use of bisulfite in shrimp was assessed by surveying for sulfite residue levels in shrimp purchased in the marketplace, by determining the response of known sulfite-sensitive asthmatics to sulfited shrimp, and by evaluating the fate of bisulfite in shrimp using radiolabelled bisulfite. Research results indicated that: 1) the hazard posed by sulfited shrimp to sulfite-sensitive asthmatics appears to be small provided the sulfite is used in accordance with good manufacturing practices (GMP); 2) sulfited shrimp containing residues typical of shrimp treated according to GMP do not elicit reactions in known sulfite-sensitive asthmatics; and 3) residual sulfite levels diminish substantially during storage and processing, which further lessens any potential hazards. Details of the study and its findings are provided in this report.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER:		NA88AAHSK007	NMFS NUMBER:	WO-042
REPORT TITLE:		Use of Potassium Sorbate and Lactic

Acid</PRE> Bacteria to Reduce the NaCL and NaN02 Requirements for the Inhibition of Clostridium botulinum Toxin Production in Hot and Cold-Smoked Fish

AUTHOR: National Fisheries Education and Research Foundation, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Jun-30-1991

AVAILABLE FROM: National Fisheries Education and Research Foundation, Inc.

ADDRESS: 1525 Wilson Blvd., Suite 500

Arlington, VA

22209

PHONE: 703-524-9216

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The overall objective of this project was to increase the safety and marketability of hot-and cold-smoked fishery products by: 1) identifying the processing hazards and critical control points in relation to outgrowth and toxin production by C. botulinum, and 2) developing process parameters at these points that would increase safety of the products and at the same time maintain acceptable physical and sensory characteristics. The specific information generated by this research was experimental data gathered from inoculated-pack experiments in which the inhibitors sodium chloride, sodium nitrite, potassium sorbate and lactic acid bacteria were tested for their effectiveness, both individually and in combination, against toxin production by C. botulinum type E in vacuum-packaged hot- and cold-smoked fish under conditions of abuse temperature storage. Other experiments involved development of a brining system for uniform uptake of the additives, screening of lactic acid bacteria for potential use as inhibitors, and sensory panel evaluations of acceptability of products containing the additives. Research results provided in this report enable smoked-fish processors to produce vacuum-packaged products with lower salt and nitrite concentrations without jeopardizing safety of the products.<PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA86AAHSK142 NMFS NUMBER:

WO-020</PRE> REPORT TITLE: Videotape Training Program

AUTHOR: National Fisheries Education and Research

Foundation, Inc.

PUBLISH DATE: Nov-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: National Fisheries Education and Research Foundation

ADDRESS: 1525 Wilson Blvd., Suite 500

Arlington, VA

22209

PHONE: 703-524-9216

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

Two educational videotapes were developed to assist in the training of seafood processing and production personnel. These tapes, "Sanitation for Seafood Processing Personnel" (English and Spanish versions) and "Techniques for Smoking Fish," are intended to augment existing company training programs and/or orient new employees to the seafood processing industry. Technical production of the tapes was subcontracted to Virginia Polytechnic Institute, with industry advisory groups assisting in the development of each tape. <PRE>

GRANT NUMBER: NA89AAHSK003 NMFS NUMBER:

WO-029</PRE>
REPORT TITLE:		West Coast Marine Debris Recovery Project

AUTHOR: Recht, Fran

PUBLISH DATE: Jul-01-1990

AVAILABLE FROM: Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission

ADDRESS: Marine Debris Project

P.O. Box 221

Depoe Bay, OR

97341

PHONE: 503-765-2229

ABSTRACT

=================================================================

The purpose of this project was to help fishermen and ports on the West Coast to understand and comply with new marine debris regulations governing the at-sea disposal of plastics and other garbage materials. Ports are involved because they serve the fishing fleets and by law must provide adequate garbage reception facilities for all ships. In addition to avoiding large violation penalties, compliance by both entities serves the public interest through cleaner, more productive, safer oceans and beaches. This report summarizes the wide variety of outreach activities conducted to achieve project objectives.