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Miranda-Castro, L. 2000. La introducción de especies exóticas a Puerto Rico: un problema que nos afecta a todos. El Bien-te-veo 3(1):2-4.

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North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation. 2002. The North American mosaic / El mosaico de AmΘrica del Norte. http://www.cec.org/soe/index.cfm?varlan=english

Palumbi, S. R. 2001. Humans as the world's greatest evolutionary force. Science 293:1786-1790.

Pérez-Rivera, R. A. 1992. Feral exotic psittaciformes from Puerto Rico. Ornitología Caribeña 3:30-34.

Quammen, D. 1996. The song of the Dodo: island biogeography in an age of extinctions. Scribner, NY.

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Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) information resources:
http://nas.er.usgs.gov/
http://www.fcsc.usgs.gov/R4finalreport.pdf

Photos of exotic birds that occur in Puerto Rico: exotic.htm