"I swear by my life and my love of it that I will never live for the sake of another man, nor ask another man to live for mine"

John Galt in Atlas Shrugged, by Ayn Rand

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Author

The author is cristy@mystic.es.dupont.com. This software is NOT shareware. However, I am interested in who might be using it. Please consider sending me a picture postcard of the area where you live. Send postcards to 

      John Cristy
      P.O. Box 40
      Landenberg, PA  19350
      USA
I'm also interested in receiving coins from around the world.

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Availability

ImageMagick, version 4.0, is available on ftp.wizards.dupont.com. ImageMagick client exectuables are available for some platforms. Macintosh, NT, VMS, and Linux source and binaries are also available.

I want ImageMagick to be of high quality, so if you encounter a problem I will investigate. However, be sure you are using the most recent version from ftp.wizards.dupont.com, or a mirror site, before submitting any bug reports or suggestions.

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WWW

The official ImageMagick WWW page is at www.wizards.dupont.com. Another useful ImageMagick WWW page is The Imaging Machine

To use display as your external image viewer, edit the global mailcap file or your personal mailcap file .mailcap (located in your home directory) and put this entry: 
      image/*; display %s


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Mailing List

There is a mailing list for discussions and bug reports about ImageMagick. To subscribe send the message 

      subscribe magick
to majordomo@wizards.dupont.com. You will receive a welcome message which tells you how to post messages to the list magick@wizards.dupont.com.

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Memory Requirements

You should allocate sufficient swap space on your system before running ImageMagick; otherwise, you may experience random server or application crashes. Anything less than 80 megabytes of swap space is likely to cause random crashes.

On many systems, you will find that 80 megabytes is insufficient and you will have to allocate more swap space. You should also have at least 32 megabytes of real memory although 64 megabytes or more is recommended.

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UNIX Compilation

Type: 
      gunzip ImageMagick-4.0.tar.gz
      tar xvf ImageMagick-4.0.tar
      cd ImageMagick

If you do not have gunzip, it is available on prep.ai.mit.edu.

You might want to check the values of certain program definitions before compiling. Change the definitions of ApplicationDefaults, BrowseCommand, EditorCommand, PostscriptColorDevice, PrintCommand, RGBColorDatabase, and TemporaryDirectory in magick/magick.h to suit your local requirements. Next, edit Magick.tmpl and set the variables to suit your local environment.

There are currently two mechanisms available to create makefiles to build ImageMagick:

To confirm your build of the ImageMagick distribution was successful, type: 

      display
If the program faults make sure that you may have inadvertingly linked to an older version of the libMagick library. In this case type 
      cd ImageMagick/magick
      make install
      cd ..
      make

If the image colors are not correct use this command 

      display -visual default
You can find other example images in the images directory.

For additional information, see the manual pages for these ImageMagick utilities

Also read the ImageMagick Frequently Asked Questions This is a required reading. Most of the questions I get via electronic mail are answered in this document.

Place display X application defaults in /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/Display. Use the appropriate name for other clients (e.g. Animate, Montage, etc). To execute display from as a menu item of any window manager (olwm, mwm, twm, etc), use 

    display logo:Untitled

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Extra Programs and Libraries

To further enhance the capabilities of ImageMagick, you may want to get these programs or libraries:

Background Texture

ImageMagick requires a background texture for the TILE format and for the -texture option of montage. You can use your own or get samples or get additional samples from KPT.

RALCGM

ImageMagick requires ralcgm to read Computer Graphic Metafile images (may not compile under linux).

TransFig

ImageMagick requires fig2dev to read TransFig images.

GET

ImageMagick requires GET to read images specified with a World Wide Web (WWW) uniform resource locator (URL). Get(1) must be in /usr/local/bin. See WWWcommand in magick/magick.h to change its location. Note: do not confuse this get program with SCCS get program. If you do not have a HTTP server, you can use xtp, available in the ImageMagick distribution, for URL's whose protocol is FTP.

HDF

ImageMagick requires the NCSA HDF library to read and write the HDF image format.

JBIG

ImageMagick requires the JBIG-Kit software to read and write the JBIG image format.

JPEG

ImageMagick requires the Independent JPEG Group's software to read and write the JPEG image format.

Concerning iterative JPEG compression: see Kinoshita and Yamamuro, Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, Image Quality with Reiterative JPEG Compression, Volume 39, Number 4, July 1995, 306-312 who claim that (1) the iterative factor of the repetitive JPEG operation had no influence on image quality, and (2) the first compression determined base image quality.

MPEG

ImageMagick requires the MPEG library to read the MPEG image format. Use encoder encoder to write MPEG images.

PICTTOPPM

ImageMagick requires picttoppm to read Macintosh PICT images.

FreeType

ImageMagick requires the FreeType software to annotate with TrueType fonts.

Postscript

ImageMagick requires Ghostscript software to read the PostScript or the Portable Document format. It is used to annotate an image when an X server is not available. See the FreeType library above for another means to annotate an image. Note, Ghostscript must support the ppmraw device (type gs -h to verify). If Ghostscript is unavailable, the Display Postscript extension is used to rasterize a Postscript document (assuming you define HasDPS). The DPS extension is less robust than Ghostscript in that it will only rasterize one page of a multi-page document.

PNG

ImageMagick requires the PNG library to read the PNG image format. See Portable Network Graphics for more details.

RA_PPM

ImageMagick requires ra_ppm from Greg Ward's Radiance software to read the Radiance image format (may not compile under linux).

RAWTORLE

ImageMagick requires rawtorle from the Utah Raster Toolkit to write the RLE image format (may not compile under linux)..

TIFF

ImageMagick requires Sam Leffler's TIFF software to read and write the TIFF image format.

ZLIB

ImageMagick requires the ZLIB library to read the PNG image format or read or write ZLIB compressed MIFF images.

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How to Compile

To display images in the HDF, JPEG, MPEG, PNG, TIFF or TTF format, get the respective archives and build ImageMagick as follows:

HDF 

      cd ImageMagick
      gunzip -c HDF4.1r1.tar.gz | tar xvf -
      mv HDF4.0r2 hdf
      cd hdf
      configure
      make -k hdf-libnofortran
      cd ..

JBIG 

      cd ImageMagick
      gunzip -c jbigkit-0.9.tar.gz | tar xvof -
      mv jbig-kit jbig
      cd jbig
      make
      cd ..

JPEG 

      cd ImageMagick
      gunzip -c jpegsrc.v6a.tar.gz | tar xvof -
      mv jpeg-6a jpeg
      cd jpeg
      configure CC=cc -with-maxmem=7
      make
      cd ..

MPEG 

      cd ImageMagick
      gunzip -c mpeg_lib-1.2.1.tar.gz | tar xvof -
      mv mpeg_lib mpeg
      cd mpeg
      ./configure
      make
      cd ..

PNG 

      cd ImageMagick
      gunzip -c zlib-1.0.8.tar.gz | tar xvf -
      cd zlib
      make
      cd ..
      gunzip -c libpng-0.99a.tar.gz | tar xvf -
      mv libpng-0.99a.tar.gz png
      cd png
      make
      cd ..

TIFF 

      cd ImageMagick
      gunzip -c tiff-v3.4beta037.tar.Z | tar xvof -
      mv tiff-v3.4beta037 tiff
      cd tiff
      ./configure
      make
      cd ..

TTF 

      cd ImageMagick
      gunzip -c freetype-1.0.tar.gz | tar xvof -
      mv freetype-1.0 ttf
      cd ttf
      ./configure
      make
      cd ..

If your computer system supports shared libraries you must type 
      make install
Finally, perform the following: 
      cd ImageMagick
      edit Magick.tmpl and define Has???? as instructed
      xmkmf
      make Makefiles
      make clean
      make
If prefer to use configure rather than Imake: 
      configure
      make clean
      make -k
If the compile fails due to a function redefinition it may be that either jpeg/jconfig.h or mpeg/mpeg.h is redefining const. Fix this problem and try again.

You can now convert or display images in the JPEG, TIFF, PNG, etc. image formats.

If you have HDF, JBIG, JPEG, MPEG, PNG, and TIFF sources installed as directed above, you can also type 
      Install sun
Substitute the appropriate machine type (aix, hpux, sgi, etc).

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VMS Compilation

You might want to check the values of certain program definitions before compiling. Change the definitions of ApplicationDefaults, DocumentationBrowser, EditorCommand, PostscriptColorDevice, PrintCommand, and RGBColorDatabase in magick/magick.h to suit your local requirements. Next, type.

Type 
      @make
      set display/create/node=node_name::
where node_name is the DECNET X server to contact.

Finally type: 
      display
Alternatively, get a zipped distribution (with JPEG, MPEG, TIFF, and XPM) from ftp.wizards.dupont.com.

The VMS JPEG, TIFF, and XPM source libraries are available on axp.psl.ku.dk in [anonymous.decwindows.lib].

Thanks to pmoreau@cenaath.cena.dgac.fr for supplying invaluable help as well as the VMS versions of the JPEG, MPEG, TIFF, and XPM libraries.

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NT Compilation

The NT distribution contains MetroWerks Codewarrior Professional projects and a Visual C++ workspace (thanks to Bill Radcliffe) for compilation. For those who do not have access to CodeWarrior or Visual C++, the binaries for the command line utilities are enclosed.

If you have an NT X server like Exceed you will also need to include 

    SET DISPLAY=:0.0
in the System Control panel (NT) or Autoexec.bat (Win95). Autoexec.bat requires that you restart your computer. See Technical Window System and OSF/Motif WWW Sites for a list of commercial and free X server software. Without an X server you can still display or animate to, or import from, a remote X server. Convert, mogrify, montage, combine, and identify, will work with or without an X server directly from the command prompt.

Import works if you have at least one X window open. Alternatively, type 

    convert x:root image.gif

Make sure gswin32 (Ghostscript) is in your execution path (see Autoexec.bat), otherwise, you will be unable to convert or view Postscript document.

To compile the source with Codewarrior, start with Magick/Magick.mcp and then animate.mcp, convert.mcp, etc.. The Visual C++ workspace is ImageMagick.dsw.

And yes, the NT executables will work under Windows 95.


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Macintosh Compilation

The Macintosh Macintosh distribution contains MetroWerks Codewarrior Professional projects for compilation. For those who do not have access to CodeWarrior, the binaries for the command line utilities are enclosed. I had to comment the inline intrinsic functions in math.h in order to compile. If you have a better solution, let me know. Display, animate, and import currently do not work on the Macintosh.

I'm looking for a volunteer to get Display and animate to work on the Macintosh. I also need a volunteer is needed to write a simple Mac program to call the libMagick routines and display an image in a window.

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Animation

To prevent color flashing on visuals that have colormaps, animate(1) creates a single colormap from the image sequence. This can be rather time consuming. You can speed this operation up by reducing the colors in the image before you animate them. Use mogrify to color reduce the images: 
      mogrify +map -colors 256 scenes/dna.[0-9]*
Alternatively, you can use a Standard Colormap; or a static, direct, or true color visual. You can define a Standard Colormap with xstdcmap(1). For example, to use the "best" Standard Colormap, type: 
      xstdcmap -best
      animate -map best scenes/dna.[0-9]*
or to use a true color visual: 
      animate -visual truecolor scenes/dna.[0-9]*
Image filenames can appear in any order on the command line if the scene keyword is specified in the MIFF image. Otherwise the images display in the order they appear on the command line. A scene is specified when converting from another image format to MIFF by using the "scene" option with any filter. Be sure to choose a scene number other than zero. For example, to convert a TIFF image to a MIFF image as scene #2, type: 
      convert -scene 2 image.tiff image.miff

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16-BIT Imaging

By default, ImageMagick uses a color depth of 8 bits (e.g. [0..255] for each of red, green, blue, and transparency components). Any 16-bit image is scaled immediately to 8-bits before any image viewing or processing occurs. If you want to work directly with 16-bit images (e.g. [0..65535]), edit Magick.tmpl and define QuantumLeap or use -enable-16bit>/tt> with configure. Next, type: 

    make clean
    make

In 16-bit mode expect to use about 33% more memory on the average. Also expect some processing to be slower than in 8-bit mode (e.g. Oil Painting, Segment, etc).

In general, 16-bit mode is only useful if you have 16-bit images that you want to manipulate and save the transformed image back to a 16-bit image format (e.g. PNG, VIFF).


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64-BIT Machines

Each pixel, within ImageMagick, is represented by the RunlengthPacket structure found in magick/image.h. Only 8 bits are required for each color component and 16 bits for the colormap index for a total of 6 bytes. If QuantumLeap is defined (see 16-BIT IMAGING above), the color component size increases to 16 bits for a total of 10 bytes. Some 64-bit machines pad the structure which can cause a significant waste of memory. For the cray, change the RunlengthPacket structure to this 

    typedef struct _RunlengthPacket
    {
      unsigned char
        red : QuantumDepth,
        green : QuantumDepth,
        blue : QuantumDepth,
        length : QuantumDepth;

      unsigned short
        index : 16;
    } RunlengthPacket;

before compiling.

I'm not sure if this will work on other 64-bit machines that pad. If you know a better solution, please send me E-mail. Note, that the Dec Alpha apparently does not pad the structure so ImageMagick should be fine on this particular 64-bit machine.


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MIFF Image Format

MIFF is an image format which I developed. I like it because

  1. It is machine independent. It can be read on virtually any computer. No byte swapping is necessary.

  2. It has a text header. Most image formats are coded in binary and you cannot easily tell attributes about the image. Use more(1) on MIFF image files and the attributes are displayed in text form.

  3. It can handle runlength-encoded images. Although most scanned images do not benefit from runlength-encoding, most computer-generated images do. Images of mostly uniform colors have a high compression ratio and therefore take up less memory and disk space.

  4. It allows a scene number to be specified. This allows you to specify an animation sequence out-of-order on the command line. The correct order is determined by the scene number of each image.

  5. MIFF computes a digital signature for images. This is useful for comparing images. If two image files have the same signature, they are identical images.

  6. There is a montage keyword allowing an image to act as a visual image directory. See display(1) for more details.

One way to get an image into MIFF format is to use convert or read it from an X window using the import program. Alternatively, type the necessary header information in a file with a text editor. Next, dump the binary bytes into another file. Finally, type 
      cat header binary_image | display -write image.miff -
For example, suppose you have a raw red, green, blue image file on disk that is 640 by 480. The header file would look like this: 
      id=ImageMagick columns=640 rows=480 :
The image file would have red, green, blue tuples (rgbrgbrgb...). Refer to the display manual page for more details.

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Copyright

Copyright 1998 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ("ImageMagick"), to deal in ImageMagick without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of ImageMagick, and to permit persons to whom the ImageMagick is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of ImageMagick.

The software is provided "as is", without warranty of any kind, express or implied, including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement.In no event shall E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company be liable for any claim, damages or other liability, whether in an action of contract, tort or otherwise, arising from, out of or in connection with ImageMagick or the use or other dealings in ImageMagick.

Except as contained in this notice, the name of the E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in ImageMagick without prior written authorization from the E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.

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