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TEST(1)                                  BSD General Commands Manual                                 TEST(1)

NAME
     test, [ -- condition evaluation utility

SYNOPSIS
     test expression
     [ expression ]

DESCRIPTION
     The test utility evaluates the expression and, if it evaluates to true, returns a zero (true) exit sta-tus; status;
     tus; otherwise it returns 1 (false).  If there is no expression, test also returns 1 (false).

     All operators and flags are separate arguments to the test utility.

     The following primaries are used to construct expressions:

     -b file       True if file exists and is a block special file.

     -c file       True if file exists and is a character special file.

     -d file       True if file exists and is a directory.

     -e file       True if file exists (regardless of type).

     -f file       True if file exists and is a regular file.

     -g file       True if file exists and its set group ID flag is set.

     -h file       True if file exists and is a symbolic link.  This operator is retained for compatibility
                   with previous versions of this program. Do not rely on its existence; use -L instead.

     -k file       True if file exists and its sticky bit is set.

     -n string     True if the length of string is nonzero.

     -p file       True if file is a named pipe (FIFO).

     -r file       True if file exists and is readable.

     -s file       True if file exists and has a size greater than zero.

     -t file_descriptor
                   True if the file whose file descriptor number is file_descriptor is open and is associ-ated associated
                   ated with a terminal.

     -u file       True if file exists and its set user ID flag is set.

     -w file       True if file exists and is writable.  True indicates only that the write flag is on.  The
                   file is not writable on a read-only file system even if this test indicates true.

     -x file       True if file exists and is executable.  True indicates only that the execute flag is on.
                   If file is a directory, true indicates that file can be searched.

     -z string     True if the length of string is zero.

     -L file       True if file exists and is a symbolic link.

     -O file       True if file exists and its owner matches the effective user id of this process.

     -G file       True if file exists and its group matches the effective group id of this process.

     -S file       True if file exists and is a socket.

     file1 -nt file2
                   True if file1 exists and is newer than file2.

     file1 -ot file2
                   True if file1 exists and is older than file2.

     file1 -ef file2
                   True if file1 and file2 exist and refer to the same file.

     string        True if string is not the null string.

     s1 = s2       True if the strings s1 and s2 are identical.

     s1 != s2      True if the strings s1 and s2 are not identical.

     s1 < s2       True if string s1 comes before s2 based on the ASCII value of their characters.

     s1 > s2       True if string s1 comes after s2 based on the ASCII value of their characters.

     n1 -eq n2     True if the integers n1 and n2 are algebraically equal.

     n1 -ne n2     True if the integers n1 and n2 are not algebraically equal.

     n1 -gt n2     True if the integer n1 is algebraically greater than the integer n2.

     n1 -ge n2     True if the integer n1 is algebraically greater than or equal to the integer n2.

     n1 -lt n2     True if the integer n1 is algebraically less than the integer n2.

     n1 -le n2     True if the integer n1 is algebraically less than or equal to the integer n2.

     These primaries can be combined with the following operators:

     ! expression  True if expression is false.

     expression1 -a expression2
                   True if both expression1 and expression2 are true.

     expression1 -o expression2
                   True if either expression1 or expression2 are true.

     (expression)  True if expression is true.

     The -a operator has higher precedence than the -o operator.

GRAMMAR AMBIGUITY
     The test grammar is inherently ambiguous.  In order to assure a degree of consistency, the cases
     described in IEEE Std 1003.2 (``POSIX.2'') section 4.62.4, are evaluated consistently according to the
     rules specified in the standards document.  All other cases are subject to the ambiguity in the command
     semantics.

RETURN VALUES
     The test utility exits with one of the following values:

     0       expression evaluated to true.

     1       expression evaluated to false or expression was missing.

     >1      An error occurred.

STANDARDS
     The test utility implements a superset of the IEEE Std 1003.2 (``POSIX.2'') specification.

BSD                                             May 31, 1993                                             BSD