═══ 1. Introduction to PmDraw ═══

PmDraw uses Presentation Manager's Help facility to present context-sensitive 
assistance for the user.  This assistance is cross-referenced so you can easily 
get information on related topics.  The primary introductory areas of interest 
are listed below, and can be accessed by using the cursor to highlight the 
desired keyword and pressing Enter, or by double-clicking directly on the 
keyword with the mouse. 

 o PmDraw overview 

 o Application window layout 

 o User interface and Mouse Implementation. 


═══ 1.1. Overview ═══

PmDraw is a what-you-see-is-what-you-get (WYSIWYG) object-oriented, graphics 
tool that has been developed under OS/2 Presentation Manager.  It has been 
designed so that a wide variety of objects (text, lines, ellipses,... or groups 
of them) can be created on screen and manipulated in an intuitive fashion.  16 
colors are available on-screen, but hardcopy is limited by your final-output 
capabilities. 

Information within PmDraw files is organized into pages, which are viewed one 
at a time.  These pages can be output for hardcopy or even cross-referenced so 
that a change on one page shows up automatically on other pages. A file can 
therefore be thought of as a folder or a collection of related pages, as for a 
particular presentation. These pages are generally independent, having their 
own sizes, orientations and object attributes. 


═══ 1.2. Application Window Layout ═══

PmDraw is layed out with a number of application areas or windows, some 
standard and some less so.  The titlebar has the file name, followed by the 
current page (in parentheses) and which page it is in the file (eg. 2 of 4). 
If the file has had any changes since it was last changed, the file name on the 
titlebar will be followed by an asterix (*). 

Below the titlebar is the menu bar where major groups of actions are accessed. 
The pulldown menu items are: 

 File           Data load/save, export, hardcopy, exit. 

 Edit           Marking and manipulation editing actions. 

 Modify         Object-specific editing actions. 

 Pages          Page-related actions.  Change, rename or delete, etc. 

 Options        Alignment grid, draft mode, personalization, save config, etc. 

 Help           General information and details regarding operation of PmDraw. 

 Within the app's main client window, there are 5 less-standard areas. The 
 primary area is the Drawing window which displays the current visible area of 
 the current page. In addition to any graphics that are shown, ticmarks and 
 grid pts may be visible.  It is in this area that objects may be created and 
 edited as will be explained below. Scroll bars are provided for moving the 
 visible area around on the presentation page without change of magnification 
 or window size, and are even available in the middle of object creation or 
 editing operations. With this feature you can, for example, fix the first box 
 corner and scroll to a different area on the page before setting the second 
 corner. 

 Above the Drawing window is a Prompt window which shows a one-line, 
 context-sensitive indication of what action(s) are available to the user from 
 within the Drawing window.  For example, if creating a Box, this line might 
 read "Position first box corner" indicating that the program expects the user 
 to select the position within the Drawing window for the first corner of a new 
 box.  The user can either do this or use Menu options to perform an entirely 
 different action or simply change object type (eg. ellipse). 

 To one side (left or right, configurable), there are several windows or areas. 
 The topmost is an Info window which displays the current Drawing window 
 magnification (0.5 means 1/2 life size) and the current cursor coordinates. 
 Coordinates are in inches or centimeters (user configurable), and will follow 
 the cursor as you move it in either the Drawing window, or in the Mini-view 
 window (described below). 

 Next is the the object/selection window.  This window contains radio buttons 
 with which the user specifies what object to create (Box, ellipse, etc.) or an 
 object Mark or selection state.  For the former, any button actions in the 
 Drawing area will be used to specify points for a new object (such as box 
 corners), whereas when Mark is highlighted the user can use the mouse to 
 select what objects to perform editing actions upon.  The Insert key  will 
 toggle between Mark and the curren new object type.  Beside the Mark button, 
 there is an Unmark ("U") button which will only be enabled if objects are 
 Marked on the current page. Pressing it will unmark any marked objects on the 
 current page.  This window is scrollable and will be reduced in size if the 
 main frame is too short to display all side-panel windows. 

 Control buttons are below this, containing: 

 R            Redraw the Drawing area 
 +            Zoom in (magnify) Drawing area 
 -            Zoom out (reduce) Drawing area 

 The last panel area is the Mini-view window. This window shows a miniature 
 view of the current page and can be used to zoom in directly on a specific 
 area. 

 In addition, there are two attribute dialogs whose visibility is controlled 
 with switches on the Options pulldown: Text and Drawing dialogs.  They display 
 the current settings for the various object attributes and are used to change 
 those for new and existing objects. 


═══ 1.2.1. PmDraw Graphics Files ═══

PmDraw graphics can saved to disk and retrieved for later use through options 
available on the File menu. These options are: 

 Old          Retrieve a previously-saved file 

 Save         Store the workspace to disk with the current name 

 Save As      Prompts for a filename before saving 

 In addition, 

 New          Clears the current workspace 


═══ 1.2.2. PmDraw File Dialog ═══

PmDraw utilizes a standard file dialog box for specifying disk file names for 
load and save operations. It includes and entry field where a filespec or 
filename may be entered directly, and two listboxes, for files (in the current 
directory) and drive/directory selection.  Only those files in the displayed 
directory that match the filespec in the entry field will be displayed in the 
Files listbox - change the filespec to display a different subset of files. 

The current drive/directory may be changed by clicking on the appropriate 
listbox entry.  A file may be selected by clicking and selecting OK, or by 
double-clicking.  After clicking on a filename, it is placed in the entry 
field, and may be edited in the usual fashion. 

Once a file has been saved or loaded successfully, the path and extension are 
returned to PmDraw and may be saved as defaults for that file type using Save 
Configuration, under Options. 


═══ 1.2.3. Presentation Pages ═══

Information within PmDraw is organized into pages, which are viewed one at a 
time.  These pages can be output for hardcopy or included in other pages as a 
cross-reference (X-ref) and handled as a single graphic object (moved, scaled, 
etc.).  A file can therefore be thought of as a folder or a collection of 
related pages, as for a particular presentation. There is no limit on the 
number of pages in a file or workspace. 

When starting a new file, the workspace is initialized with one page (named 
Main), which is blank.  From the Pages menu option, one can then: 

 o Create a new page (add one to the list) 
 o Rename the current page 
 o Erase the current page (delete all items, reverse by Un-delete) 
 o Copy the current page (must enter a name for the new page) 

 Once more pages have been added, you can also: 

 o View another page 
 o Overlay another page (temporary, removed by a REFRESH) 
 o Reorder it relative to other pages in the file. 
 o Delete the current page 
 o In addition, the X-ref button is enabled in the object type window. 

 Note that Delete for pages is irreversible! 


═══ 1.3. User interface and mouse implementation ═══

PmDraw's user interface has been organized and enabled with CUA (Consistent 
User Access) in mind.  File, Edit and Help menu items are standard, and 
windows, menus and buttons behave as one familiar with OS/2 PM would expect. 
Context sensitive help for the main window and all dialogs is available using 
PF1. 

Within the Drawing area, the mouse can be used to create and manipulate graphic 
objects. In many cases, such actions require specifying 3 or more points (such 
as for an Arc or Polyline), so for consistency each point is specified by a 
single button click.  Alternatively, to assist in aligning and connecting 
objects a keyboard assist keystroke can be used in place of a mouse click. In 
general, pressing the Enter key is equivalent to clicking MB1, and means to 
enter a point at the current cursor position and go to the next step in 
whatever the user is doing.  Conversely, Esc is equivalent to MB2 and means to 
back up and redo the last point in the current action. "Drag" operations, where 
the first point is specified by a button press and the second by its release, 
are generally avoided because: 

 o It is inconsistent 
 o It is inherently limited to pel resolution 
 o It requires that the user physically holds the button down and keeps the 
   focus with the application until the action is complete. 

 All operations in PmDraw have the drag-less behavior as the primary modus 
 operandi, including Move and Copy where a starting and ending point must be 
 specified. 

 CUA specifies a mouse model for object selection and direct manipulation. When 
 Mark is highlighted, objects may be selected for editing by clicking on them 
 with mouse button 1 (MB1).  As per the "multiple-select" model, each click 
 will toggle an item's marked state on and off (as indicated by highlight marks 
 on the object). 

 In addition, CUA specs several drag operations for selection and manipulation: 

 Drag MB1       Area select - toggles the marked state of all objects 
                completely within the bounding rectangle. 
 Drag MB2       Direct manipulation Move of all marked objects. 
 Ctl+Drag MB2   Direct manipulation Copy of all marked objects (Ctl key pressed 
                at START of drag). 


═══ 2. Object Creation ═══

When one of the object types on the side panel is selected, such as Box or 
Ellipse, any button clicks (button 1) in the main Drawing area are interpreted 
as entered points for creating an object of that type. Primary objects include: 

 o BOXES and SQUARES 
 o POLYLINES 
 o LINES 
 o ELLIPSES and CIRCLES 
 o ARCS 
 o FILLETS 
 o Splines 
 o Freehand SKETCH 
 o TEXT OBJECTS 
 o X-REFS 

 A graph is a collection of such objects used to display data from a variety of 
 sources. A group is a set of objects that have been locked together, and is 
 formed and disolved using the Modify pulldown. Bitmaps are also graphic 
 objects, and can be read from disk or pulled in from the clipboard. 

 The process of creating an object typically requires several steps, and once 
 initiated (typically by specifying a point in the Drawing window), must be 
 completed before doing other actions within PmDraw. When created, graphic 
 objects assume the current attribute values as displayed in the Text and 
 Drawing Attribute dialogs.  These attributes (color, linestyle, etc.) and 
 object shapes and positions can be easily modified using object editing 


═══ 2.1. Object Attributes ═══

Object attributes contol the details of the appearance of different objects. 
These attributes, such as color and linetype, are stored for each object, so 
each one can be different if desired.  PmDraw maintains a "current set" which 
are applied to newly-created objects and which can be viewed and changed using 
the associated popup.  These popups are accessed through the Attributes item on 
the main menu bar; within them, the current attribute value is indicated by 
highlighting and can be changed by clicking on a new value. Once an object has 
been created, its attributes can be changed by editing. 

For graphic objects, attributes include color, line-type, arrowhead (type, ends 
and size), marker (type and size) and fill pattern. 

For text strings, attributes include color, font, height and alignment. 


═══ 2.2. Boxes and Squares ═══

BOXes are (possibly) filled rectangles that are created by specifying 2 corner 
points.  It is stored as a set of points, so by editing you can skew a BOX into 
an arbitrary parallelagram. 

SQUAREs can be created by holding down the SHIFT key while positioning the 
second corner point. 

Associated attributes are color, linetype and fill pattern. 


═══ 2.3. Polylines ═══

POLYLINEs are objects with multiple, connected, straight line segments, and 
when edited, all segments are affected. During creation, segments are added by 
pressing MB1 (or ENTER) or any of the cursor positioning keys Entering the same 
point twice or double clicking will end creation of a given polyline.  During 
creation, pressing MB2 will "back up", and let you redo the last point entered. 

The attributes include color and linestyle for individual segments of a 
POLYLINE.  In addition the polyline may be filled, with the final point 
automatically connected to the first and the enclosed area filled with the 
current fill pattern.  If it is not filled, arrowheads may be added to one or 
both ends depending on the arrowhead attribute's value. The arrowhead attribute 
includes values for style, placement and size, and is accessed directly from 
the Attributes menu. Finally, markers may be drawn at each of a polyline's 
points. There are a number of marker types, some of which may be filled, as 
well as a marker size. 

Holding down the SHIFT key while positioning end points constrains individual 
segments to be either horizontal or vertical. 


═══ 2.4. Lines ═══

A LINE is a single, straight line segment. Two endpoints must be specified 
during creation, and keyboard asstist keys may be used to position points 
precisely, connecting to other endpoints, curves, etc. Pressing MB2 (or ESC) 
aborts creation of a line that has been started. As for all objects, LINE's are 
created using the current specified attributes. Note that even if a set of 
LINE's are connected, they can be edited independently (unlike a POLYLINE's 
segments). 

The attributes include color, linestyle and arrowhead. 

Holding down the SHIFT key while positioning end points constrains LINEs to be 
either horizontal or vertical. 


═══ 2.5. Ellipses and Circles ═══

ELLIPSE's are created by setting 2 points: the centroid and then the bounding 
box corner. ELLIPSES are created with axes parallel to page boundaries, but may 
be rotated during editing to arbitrary angles. 

Associated attributes are color, linestyle and fill pattern. 

Using the SHIFT key while setting the second point (bounding box) constrains 
the ELLIPSE to a CIRCLE. 


═══ 2.6. Arcs ═══

An ARC is created as a piece of a circle, and upon scaling and rotation can 
become a piece of an arbitrarily oriented ellipse.  For creation, you must 
specify 3 points: the center of the circle of which the ARC is a piece, start 
point (and thereby, the radius) and the end-point (to specify the total swept 
angle). 

Associated attributes are color, linestyle and fill pattern, and if filled 
yields a pie slice shape. 

Using the SHIFT key while setting the second point constrains the starting arc 
angle to multiples of 15 degrees from the horizontal (radius is not affected). 
With the last point, it constrains the total angle to multiples of 15 degrees. 


═══ 2.7. Fillets ═══

A FILLET is a mathematical curve specified by 3 points, 2 being end-points and 
the 3rd being a "control" point.  It is best understood visually; create one 
and see what it looks like. 

Attributes for FILLETs are color, linestyle, fill pattern and arrowhead.  If 
filled, the arrowhead attribute is ignored (as for polylines), and the area is 
bounded by the fillet curve and a line connecting its endpoints. 

There are no SHIFT key assists for FILLETs. 


═══ 2.8. Spline ═══

A spline is a smooth curve which passes through a set of control points. As a 
spline is created, you will see its shape change as the cursor is moved. 
Points are added and removed in the usual fashion, with the end signalled by 
repeating a point twice in a row with the cursor or keyboard. If a spline is 
"closed" on itself, it will automagically smooth the join. 

Attributes for SPLINEs are color, linestyle, fill pattern and arrowhead.  If 
filled, the arrowhead attribute is ignored (as for polylines), and the area is 
bounded by the spline curve and a line connecting its endpoints. 

There are no SHIFT key assists for SPLINEs. 


═══ 2.9. Freehand sketch ═══

This allows the user to enter a POLYLINE with a dense set of points by 
sketching freehand with the mouse.  After entering the starting point, the 
curve will follow the cursor until MB1 is pressed again.  You can connect to 
the start of the sketched curve using the "e" keyboard assist. Once created, a 
sketched curve is like any other polyline. 


═══ 2.10. Groups ═══

A GROUP is simply a set of objects on a page which have been "locked together" 
for convenience.  Once you have created a set of objects which will maintain 
fixed relative positions, select them all and form a GROUP.  The group can then 
be selected and manipulated as if it were a single object.  Whenever selected, 
a Group will be outlined by its bounding box.  If you wish to add or delete 
items from a group, it can be broken apart using the appropriate entry from the 
Edit pulldown.  The attributes of objects within a group ARE affected by 
attribute editing. 

There are NO attributes associated with groups themselves, objects within a 
group have their own attributes. 

There are no SHIFT key assists for groups. 


═══ 2.11. Bitmaps ═══

A bitmap is a two dimensional array of pels forming an image.  The icons 
representing applications on the PM desktop are special examples of a bitmap. 
PmDraw allows the user to import bitmaps for inclusion in a graphics page along 
with the usual vector-based objects such as boxes and ellipses.  When importing 
bitmaps, the user must first specify the file name or alternatively tell PmDraw 
to pull a bitmap from the clipboard (after having been placed there by an 
application).  You must then position and size the bitmap in the normal manner, 
first positioning a corner and then setting the size with the rubber box.  Note 
that PmDraw also supports the export of graphics as bitmaps (images), either to 
disk or to the PM clipboard. 

Two apps which are highly recommended for use with bitmaps are SCRAP for 
capturing images from your PM desktop, and UBU which has powerful half-toning 
and browsing capability supporting a variety of formats including BMP and GIF 
files.  Both apps are available on OS2TOOLS. 

LIMITATIONS: Bitmaps cannot be exported to PostScript (directly) or to CGM. 
The only hardcopy route is using Print and going through PM's Print Manager. In 
addition, bitmaps CANNOT be rotated.  Besides limiting the on-page 
manipulation, this means that when printing, the PmDraw page containing a 
bitmap must be oriented the same way (landscape vs. portrait) as the printer 
page to get correct results. 

There are NO attributes associated with bitmaps. 

Use the SHIFT key when sizing a bitmap to maintain its original aspect ratio. 


═══ 2.11.1. Clipboard Copy ═══

This action lets the user place PmDraw graphics on the PM clipboard. Three data 
types are supported, PM metafile, text and bitmap (1.1 format). by default all 
are selected when the dialog is presented.  The user can de-select any formats 
not desired.  This is particularly useful when putting data on the clipboard 
for subsequent use by an application which uses its own (incorrect) logic to 
decide which format to take from the clipboard.  You can force it to take the 
correct format by only placing that one on the clipboard.  In addition, 
selecting only the desired format will let the operation complete sooner. 

PM metafile will be a pic of the entire current page. 

Text will include only MARKED strings, and will be disabled if no text is 
marked. 

Bitmaps will depict the current window area on the current page. An alternative 
route for bitmaps is to use Export (under File), where you can explicitly set 
the bitmap resolution and color format, and then place it on the Clipboard from 
the File dialog. 


═══ 2.11.2. Clipboard Paste ═══

PmDraw lets you pull either text or bitmap data in from the clipboard. If only 
one type is available it is pulled in immediately.  If both types are 
available, this dialog lets the user select the desired format. 


═══ 2.12. Clip art ═══

Clipart pics can be imported to easily enhance your graphics using the entry 
under Import on the File pulldown.  Selecting this option will present the file 
dialog for selecting the source file for the artwork.  Once the clipart file is 
selected, a list of clipart pictures is displayed - select by marking the 
desired pic and pressing OK or by double-clicking on the pic's name. A bounding 
box will be displayed on the page for positioning and sizing the clipart in the 
usual fashion.  First button click will fix the first corner, second will set 
the size and shape.  As usual, the SHIFT key can be used to insure that the 
aspect ratio remains correct.  In addition, once the first corner has been 
positioned you can press "m" and enter an explicit magnification factor (such 
as 1.0). 

Clipart is simply a collection of PmDraw objects, and so can be easily edited. 
At present, clipart is stored in standard PMD format with one picture per page, 
so the user may produce his own and access it through clipart easily. In the 
future, this will be enhanced by including a bitmap of the clipart so the user 
can select objects visually as well as by name. 


═══ 2.13. Text Objects ═══

Text strings are also handled within PmDraw as graphic objects.  They may be 
manipulated by all of the usual Editing operations, and have the attributes 
color, font, alignment and size. Positioning is performed using the cursor, 
with keyboard assist keys for precise positioning and alignment.  Once a 
location on the screen has been specified, the text-entry dialog is displayed 
for entering the string.  The text can then be typed in manually or pulled in 
from the Clipboard and will then be displayed on screen. These text objects 
will be individual lines, with the current size, font, alignment and default 
line spacing. 

Two separate font technologies are supported in PmDraw, each with their own 
strengths and weaknesses.  These are the 

 o Hershey fonts 
 o Outline fonts 


═══ 2.14. Text Entry/Edit ═══

This dialog box allows the user to enter new text for string objects, pull in a 
block of text from the Clipboard (to produce any number of text objects), or to 
edit an existing text object on the current page. 

When adding new text, the dialog will be displayed with no text in the entry 
field. Text may be typed in directly, or pulled in from the Clipboard using 
that button.  If clipboard text is pulled in, the text objects are 
automatically created and displayed, and the dialog box is removed.  If text is 
entered manually, one has the option of entering a single string (by pressing 
OK button) or continuing to the next string with a linefeed positioning 
adjustment.  Whichever method is used for entering text, the current text 
attributes of Font, Alignment and Size will be applied to the new text objects. 

A reference table for the Greek/math characters is available and can be 
displayed or hidden using the Ref. Table button in the text entry dialog. 


═══ 2.14.1. Hershey Fonts ═══

For lack of a better choice, a set of public-domain HERSHEY stroke fonts have 
been employed (which are also used in GDDM graphics). The advantage of the 
HERSHEY fonts is that they are rendered as simple line-drawing commands and are 
thus device independent.  This enables us to provide a variety of text 
formatting capabilities, including: 

 o Greek/math symbols 
 o Superscripts/subscripts 
 o Underlining 
 o Special characters 

 The disadvantages are that 

 o They are designed to be "stroked" rather than filled and so are not as 
   pretty at larger scales. 
 o There is no foriegn language character support in the current fonts. 
 o When exported, string information is "lost" so that if you are importing 
   into another application, it will be able to display but not edit any text 
   strings (except as line segments...). 

 The HERSHEY font set used at present includes one mono-spaced font: 

     Roman Simplex Mono

 and the following proportionally-spaced fonts: 

     Roman Simplex
     Roman Complex
     Roman Duplex
     Roman Triplex

     Italic Simplex
     Italic Complex

     Script Simplex
     Script Complex

     Gothic English
     Gothic English
     Gothic English


═══ 2.14.2. Outline fonts ═══

Outline fonts are now available for use within PmDraw. These fonts give 
excellent resolution at all scales and provide built-in (mostly!) National 
Language Support.  They do NOT at present support the formatting capability 
that is covered with the Hershey fonts, and cannot yet be properly be rendered 
using CGM export... Otherwise, they are interchangable with the Hershey fonts, 
providing high quality rendering of the following font families (under OS/2 1.2 
and greater): 

   Courier
   Helvetica
   Times Roman

Each of these is available in normal, bold, italic and bold-italic forms. In 
addition, under OS/2 1.3 and greater, any installed Adobe font will be 
available to the user.  These fonts are specified using the VFONT item in the 
Attributes menu. 


═══ 2.14.3. Text Alignment ═══

A text string also has an associated reference point on the presentation page. 
The orientation attribute determines how the text string is aligned relative to 
its reference point, allowing horizontal alignments of left, right or centered, 
and vertical alignments of top, bottom or centered (9 possible combinations). 

As an aid in entering aligned strings, after a string is entered and displayed, 
the cursor is automatically shifted down for a "line feed". Pressing ENTER 
again (or MB1) selects the new reference point and proceeds to entry of the 
next text string. 


═══ 2.14.4. Greek/math symbols ═══

Greek letters and a variety of math symbols  may be embedded in strings and 
will be displayed in simplex or complex, appropriate to the string's font. 
These symbols are designated by normal characters delimited by ! marks, so that 
the typed string fav!o!rite would display as favorite, with a Greek omega 
instead of an o.  !O! produces an infinity symbol. A reference table showing 
the correspondence between typed characters and Greek or math symbols is 
available under the Attributes menu. 

If one wants to embed an ! in a string, it must be preceeded by a \ 
(backslash). If an ! is not paired with another in the typed string, all 
characters following it are translated to Greek/math symbols. 


═══ 2.14.5. Underlining ═══

Underlining is delimited by & characters - all characters between paired &'s 
(or following an un-paired one) will have a connected horizontal line 
underneath. The typed string "&Ray& \& &Alan&" will display as "Ray & Alan". 

In order to display an &, precede it with a \. 


═══ 2.14.6. Superscripts/subscripts ═══

For fancier formatting and equations, sub- and superscripts may be embedded in 
text strings.  The subscript operator is _ (underscore), and the superscript 
operator is ^ (caret). In order to enable nesting of xscripts, they are not 
delimitted - rather, any "single thing" following an operator is xscripted, 
where a "single thing" is either a character or a group of characters delimited 
by { } (curly braces).  As a result, 

                           2
  10^2a    displays as   10 a , while

                           2a
  10^{2a}  displays as   10  .

Similarly,                  a
                           2
  10^{2^a} would give    10  .

Subscripts work in an analogous fashion, and the two may be mixed arbitrarily. 
As with other special text characters, ^ and _ must be preceeded by \ to be 
displayed. 


═══ 2.14.7. Special characters ═══

In PmDraw text formatting, a number of characters have "special" meanings.  In 
order to include them for display in a text string, they must be preceeded by a 
\ ( \\ displays only \ ). At present, there are: 

 \              Display special character 

 !              Greek/math (delimits) 

 ^              Superscript 

 _              Subscript 

 &              Underline (delimit) 

 { }            Grouping delimiters (for xscripts) 


═══ 2.15. X-refs ═══

This button enables the inclusion of all or part of one page, within another as 
a graphic object.  This nesting is NOT limited in depth, and the resulting 
objects can be moved, scaled, rotated or copied in their entirety.  As a 
cross-reference, attributes of individual objects cannot be altered, although 
changes in the original page will show up in all places it is used as an x-ref. 

X-refs are created in three steps.  When the user presses the x-ref button, a 
listbox is displayed with names of the other pages in the current file (Note: a 
page cannot reference itself either directly or through nesting levels). Once 
chosen, the x-ref source page is displayed and the user specifies the reference 
box which defines the source area. Objects outside this box will be clipped 
(not displayed). Finally, the original page is re-displayed and the user 
specifies the target area into which the cross reference is to be placed (again 
with a box).  While placing the first corner, a tracking box will indicate the 
size and shape of the source area (at 1:1 scale).  Once positioned, the cursor 
snaps to the opposite corner allowing easy 1:1 sizing.  Alternatively, the user 
can specify an arbitrary size and scaling or, using the SHFT key, scale the 
x-ref isotropically.  When the second target corner is placed, the x-ref is 
displayed. 

Using the Modify pulldown, a cross-reference can be fractured and broken up 
into individual objects which can then be edited separately. Alternatively, the 
source page "window" and the destination area may be directly changed using 
control point editing. 


═══ 3. Editing objects ═══

In order to change existing objects on a PmDraw page, you must first select, or 
mark the objects to edit.  Once the desired objects have been selected, general 
manipulation actions can be initiated using actions from the Edit pulldown: 

 o MOVE 
 o COPY 
 o Array copy 
 o SCALE 
 o ROTATE 
 o DELETE 
 o UNDO 

 In addition, object attributes may be edited directly, and additional actions 
 become avaiable via the Modify pulldown: 

 o Text editing 
 o Form group 
 o Break up group 
 o Fracture x-refs 
 o Z-order: Bring to front 
 o Z-order: Put in back 

 Finally, objects can be re-shaped using control-point editing. 


═══ 3.1. Marking objects ═══

When editing, only those objects which have been "marked" can be affected, 
whether by physical manipulation such as MOVEs or SCALEs, or by Attribute 
changes.  This marking is indicated by highlighted points on the objects 
themselves which will be marked with a small box that can be either filled or 
empty. Marking can be performed in several ways, with the simplest being to use 
the cursor directly, clicking on each object. When using the cursor to mark 
specific objects, distances are calculated to the nearest point on each object 
(unless "keyboard assist" is used), and the nearest object is toggled between 
marked and unmarked. 

Normal marking is indicated by a filled box highlighting one or two points on 
an object.  This occurs when Mark is selected and the object is clicked on with 
MB1.  A "single-mark" can be made by double-clicking on an object, which will 
mark the nearest object and unmark all others. In addition, all control points 
of that object will be marked with hollow boxes indicating that these control 
points may be moved to re-shape the object.  At present, when a new object is 
created this single-mark action occurs automatically. 

Additionally, marking actions are provided in the Edit pulldown for changing 
the marked state of a group of objects. Mark area toggles the marked state of 
all objects within a box that the user specifies with the cursor.  Mark all and 
Unmark all are self-explanatory. 

The keyboard assist keys can be used to mark objects of a specific type, either 
when objects overlap and are difficult to mark with the cursor, or for greater 
speed. The "t" key, for selecting the nearest TEXT object is particularly 
useful. 


═══ 3.2. Re-shape objects ═══

When an object on the current page is "single-selected" (open boxes at control 
points), it may be re-shaped by moving these points individually.  If CUA manip 
is enabled, the user may simply click within the cp box with MB2 and drag the 
point to a new position.  Alternatively, the action may be started by selecting 
Move from the Edit pulldown and clicking within the cp box for the starting 
point.  When either of these is done, the cursor is snapped EXACTLY onto the 
control point (not pel limited) so the user can position it as desired.  If 
dragging, it is placed by releasing MB2 or by pressing a keyboard assist key. 
If via Move, it is by a normal second point positioning.  Use Esc to abort the 
action. 

In general, the re-shaping action will respect the perspective view of the 
object being edited.  If the object had been rotated and scaled so as to appear 
skewed in three dimensions, the re-shaping will maintain that perspective.  For 
objects with aspect ratios, the SHIFT key can be used to maintain that aspect. 
When re-shaping text, the size indicator in the Text Attributes dialog will 
dynamically indicate the height of the text on the page. 


═══ 3.3. Move ═══

MOVE operations entail specifying a start point and an end point.  All selected 
objects are moved by the specified amount, and the start and end points may be 
anywhere on the presentation page.  Note that it is possible to move objects 
outside of the visible page and "lose" them. 

Using the SHIFT key constrains the move to either horizontal or vertical. 


═══ 3.4. Scale ═══

SCALE allows the user to change the size and aspect ratio (X/Y) of selected 
objects.  Three points are required: a reference point which will remain fixed 
on the page, second corner for the starting box, and second corner for final 
(destination) box.  All marked objects will be scaled by the ratio of the box 
sizes, and may be mirrored or flipped.  Note that in general, objects will be 
moved as well as sized, so that if you SCALE several objects at once, their 
relative positioning will remain fixed. 

If you wish to maintain the original aspect ratio, hold down the SHIFT key 
while sizing the final box size, its shape will remain the same as the starting 
box's. 


═══ 3.5. Rotate ═══

Rotate permits just that.  Again, three points are required: a center of 
rotation, a start angle and an end angle.  Actual values of the starting and 
ending angles are unimportant, only the difference is used.  A start angle at 3 
o'clock and an end angle of 12 o'clock would give a 90 degree counter clockwise 
rotation... but so would 9 o'clock and 6 o'clock. 

Using the SHIFT key constrains first angle to 15 degree increments, as well as 
the difference between first and second angles. 


═══ 3.6. Copy ═══

COPY lets the user create and positions duplicates of existing objects on the 
current page.  All marked objects are copied and a MOVE operation is initiated 
so that the copy can be positioned.  The copy will first be generated on top of 
the original, and then the copy is positioned. Unlike subcells, copies are 
completely independent of the originals, and may have different attributes, 
scaling, etc. 

Using the SHIFT key during copy positioning constrains displacement to 
horizontal or vertical, and helps the user to align copies precisely. 


═══ 3.7. Delete ═══

DELETE removes the marked objects from the presentation page.  A stack of 
deleted objects is maintained for each page while in PmDraw, so that if one 
wishes to restore something they can use UNDO. 


═══ 3.8. Undo ═══

UNDO sequentially backs up through the most recent editing actions you have 
performed on the current page.  Such actions include creating new objects, 
moving, scaling, changing colors, and even changing marking selections.  The 
default number of steps retained for each page is 5 - this can be changed at 
the user's option using Personalize (under Options). 


═══ 3.9. Flip ═══

FLIP allows you to flip all marked objects left-to-right or top-to-bottom. 
Selecting one or the other will display a "divider" line either horizontal or 
vertical across which the objects will be flipped.  Use the mouse or keyboard 
assists as usual to specify the location of the mirroring axis, MB2 will abort 
the action. 


═══ 3.10. Fit to page ═══

This option causes all MARKED objects to be rescaled so that they fit entirely 
within the page.  The scaling is uniform (not stretched), and if there is 
excess space in one or the other direction the objects are centered. 


═══ 3.11. Snap to grid ═══

This option causes all MARKED objects to be moved and reshaped so that their 
control points fall on grid points. 


═══ 3.12. Editing Attributes ═══

Attributes of all existing objects can be changed with ease.  While Mark is 
selected, select the objects to be altered (by marking). Once marked, any 
relevant attribute can be changed using the Text and Drawing attribute dialogs. 
Click on the attribute of interest and a list of possible choices will be 
presented.  Select the new attribute and it will be applied to the Marked 
object(s). Only "appropriate" objects will be changed correspondingly - if you 
have a polyline marked and you change the text font, the polyline will not be 
affected... 

Using these techniques, one can create a full page with default attributes, and 
then go back and "touch it up", setting fonts, linestyles, colors and so forth. 


═══ 3.13. Text editing ═══

Text strings may be edited as well.  Select the string(s) to be edited and use 
the "text Edit" option in the Edit menu.  Each marked string will, in turn, be 
placed in the text entry dialog to be edited as desired. 

Pressing CANCEL from the text editing dialog will leave the string unchanged. 


═══ 3.14. Fracture x-refs ═══

An x-ref is actually a pointer to graphic objects on another page in the 
current PmDraw workspace.  As such, the attributes of individual pieces may not 
be changed, but the x-ref may be manipulated as a single object (attributes 
can, of course, be changed on their source page - these changes will then be 
seen everywhere the objects are referenced in x-refs). 

In order to edit pieces of an x-ref, it must be fractured so that the 
individual pieces are actually copied into the current page. This action is 
performed by Marking the X-ref(s) to be fractured, and selecting Fracture under 
the Modify pulldown.  Since the action is irreversible, the user will be 
prompted for confirmation for each marked subcell before the action is 
performed. 


═══ 3.15. Z-order: Front ═══

If objects overlap on the presentation page, the ones that appear to be on top 
are the ones that are drawn last.  This action takes marked objects and moves 
them in front of unmarked objects on the page. 

Note that with IBM's plotter drivers, all objects will be drawn completely - so 
filled overlapping objects will almost certainly not be rendered "correctly". 


═══ 3.16. Z-order: Back ═══

If objects overlap on the presentation page, the ones that appear to be 
underneath are the ones that are drawn first.  This action takes marked objects 
and moves them behind unmarked objects on the page. 

Note that with IBM's plotter drivers, all objects will be drawn completely - so 
filled overlapping objects will almost certainly not be rendered "correctly". 


═══ 4. Graphics export ═══

Data from PmDraw graphics may be exported in a variety of formats for eventual 
hardcopy or import into other applications.  The export functions store the 
data to files which, by default, have extensions corresponding to the format 
being written. 

For non-image formats (CGM, MET, etc.), multiple pages can be exported 
simultaneously.  Select the pages to be exported from the left listbox, and the 
export format from the right listbox.  Pressing the export button will initiate 
an export using the file spec at the bottom of this dialog (which may be edited 
directly); alternatively, when exporting only one file export as will cause the 
standard file dialog to be displayed for file/path entry. 

If installed, the Image Toolkit enables the import and export of a variety of 
image formats, such as standard OS/2 bitmaps (bmp files), CompuServe GIF files, 
etc. When the export dialog is opened, the toolkit is queried and all known 
image formats are added to the type listbox for possible selection. At present, 
bitmap exports are restricted to current view of the current page ONLY. 

Checkboxes are included for control over export details - one allows black and 
white color inversion, while the other controls whether the page background 
fill is included in the export file. 


═══ 5. Graphics import ═══

Import allows one to pull graphics in from files on disk into the current 
PmDraw workspace.  These graphics may be imported onto the current page as 
additional objects, or onto new pages (page name is derived from the import 
filename).  At present, graphics may be imported from CGM and various image 
formats, as well as from other PMD files. 

If importing onto the current page, the data is scanned for size and a bounding 
box is displayed for positioning and sizing on page.  Importing graphics from a 
page of a PMD file this way is called clipart, and can be performed quickly 
using its accelerator (Ctl+c).  After specifying the clipart file, a list of 
objects (pmd pages) are displayed for selection.  Pages including x-refs may 
NOT be used as clipart - such pages will be marked with a "*" in the list. 

If installed, the Image Toolkit enables "smart" loading, in that it will 
determine the filetype, and if known import it into PmDraw. 


═══ 6. Image toolkit ═══

This is a dll-based toolkit that allows one to load and save a variety of image 
formats, such as standard OS/2 bitmaps, CompuServe GIF files, etc.  The toolkit 
is installed and managed using ITKINSTA.EXE.  Image "handlers" can be 
registered in your system which are then available for applications like PmDraw 
for loading and saving images. 

When exporting to an image format, the toolkit is queried (if installed) and 
all available image formats are added to the appropriate listbox for possible 
selection. 

When importing, "intellegent" handling is used whereby the user selects any 
image file and the toolkit is used to determine the file type and load it (if 
known). 


═══ 7. Printing ═══

Workstation based hardcopy is supported in PmDraw by a, spooling through the PM 
Print Manager and b, direct copying to PostScript printers (Direct PostScript). 
The Print Manager enables spooled output so that, to a large extent, it occurs 
in the background and allows the user to continue doing other things (like 
producing more graphics!). 

From the File menu item, Print access the primary print-dialog from which one 
can select pages to be printed, specify the target printer, set printing 
options, and start the print job.  In addition, a single page at a time may be 
layed out (formatted) within the print page, or exported to PostScript or HP/GL 
plotter compatible files. 

The other printing option within PmDraw is to let PmDraw generate its own 
PostScript representation of your graphics and copy it directly to an LPT to 
which a PostScript printer is attached - Direct PostScript. 


═══ 7.1. Print dialog ═══

This dialog lets the user select pages to be printed, specify printer and 
options, and start a print job. 

The Pages listbox is where the user specifies the pages to be printed. 
Multiple pages can be highlighted to be printed as a single job. Note that 
multiple pages can only be Printed, only one page at a time can be Formatted or 
Exported through the Print Manager. 

Options allows the user to specify certain printing details. Query job 
properties causes the printing driver being used to display its configuration 
dialog at the start of the print job. Fit to margins will force your page to be 
scaled to fall completely within the margins of the printer's defined page 
form. Autorotate tells PmDraw to rotate your output automatically if the aspect 
ratio is different between your page(s) and the printer page. 

Next is the Printer area. The printer description is displayed here, as well as 
buttons for invoking the Change printer and printer Information dialogs. 

Print actually starts the print job.  A copy of your workspace is produced and 
a background thread is started to process all of the pages you have specified. 
Since the spooling is done from a separate copy, the user is free to return to 
the main application and make editing changes or load an entirely new file 
while the print job is running.  If you attempt to end PmDraw while this 
printing thread is running, a warning dialog will be displayed.  Print will be 
disabled if either the selected printer is not connected to a physical port, or 
if no pages are selected. 

Format starts up PmDraw's Fantastic Print Formatter (FPF) with the selected 
page and printer. 

Export is enabled if the selected printer is a PostScript or plotter type of 
printer.  When selected, PmDraw will prompt the user for a filename and will 
route the selected page through the Print Manager's printer driver and produce 
a compatible file on disk. 


═══ 7.2. Printer Information ═══

This dialog displays information relevant to the currently selected printer. 
It shows which physical port the printer is "attached" to, and whether the 
associated driver is capable of writing its output directly to a file 
(Export-able).  It also lists the current form name, its dimensions and 
margins. 


═══ 7.3. Format print ═══

The "fantastic print formatter" enables powerful control over the layout of 
PmDraw graphics on your output device. To do this, the current page is written 
to a metafile (in memory) and the formatter window is displayed. The formatter 
shows both this metafile (as source, on left) and the printer output page (as 
target, on right).  The source page will reflect the size and orientation of 
the PmDraw page; the target page will reflect the current "form" for the 
current printer. 

Using the formatting options and mouse, the user can lay out his picture as 
desired.  Then from the File menu, he can start the print job, export the 
formatted output to a file (if enabled), or change printer. 

Note that once the formatter has been started up with a pic, you can return to 
PmDraw without closing and do further work (changes will NOT become part of the 
formatter's pic). You cannot, however, send something new to the formatter 
without first terminating it. Close the formatter down using the Quit menu 
option. 


═══ 7.3.1. Formatting ═══

Formatting consists of a) selecting the area of the presentation page to print, 
and b) specifying where on the output page you want it to be put. On the output 
page, if the current "form" has margins defined they will be greyed-out so that 
the user can see exactly what area is printable. Options are available for 
maintaing aspect ratio (the default), rotation and "Mirror clip" (a 
mystery...), but the primary modus operandi is to set a box on the source area 
to delineate what will be printed (may be the whole page), and also a target 
box on the printer page.  These boxes are specified in the same manner as boxes 
in PmDraw (MB1 click for first and second corners). 

A bounding box is optionally printed depending on the Include-box setting 
(indicated by a check). 


═══ 7.3.2. Selecting printer/driver ═══

*** Changing printer ***

This option allows you to specify any printer/driver combination defined in 
Print Manager as the hardcopy destination.  When Change-printer is selected, a 
dialog is displayed with 2 listboxes.  The left box displays all of the 
printers currently defined, while the right listbox displays the drivers 
available for the selected (highlighted) printer.  Each device driver has a 
"current form" which specifies the page size, margins, etc.  Pressing the Info 
button displays a dialog with this information, as well as whether the printer 
is connected to a physical device and if it is export-capable. 

Selecting Ok changes to the highlighted printer/driver combination, while 
Cancel leaves the settings unchanged. 


═══ 7.3.3. Routing to a file ═══

Using the Print Formatter and either the PSCRIPT or PLOTTERS drivers, PmDraw 
output can be exported to PostScript or HP/GL format ascii files.  Such output 
is produced by the drivers and is subject to any bugs or quirks they may have, 
but for some cases may be advantageous - an example is that the PSCRIPT driver 
has a more sophisticated color-to-greyscale mapping than that built into 
PmDraw. 

Perform export routing by formatting your printer output as desired, and 
selecting Export from the File menu.  If Export is disabled, the current driver 
is not capable of producing such ascii files. 


═══ 7.4. Direct PostScript printing ═══

PmDraw supports direct PostScript printing to any PostScript-capable printer 
that has been associated with an LPT port.  This association can be made via a 
local attachment to the workstation, or via a NET USE of a printer connected 
over a LAN.  Before printing can occur, PmDraw must be informed of the 
printer's information regarding the connection and its page orientation.  This 
is done via the Direct PostScript -> Setup dialog.  After specifying the port 
and orientation, selecting Save will store the info in the PmDraw INI file (so 
that it need not be done next time you run the program).  Alternatively, 
selecting OK will setup the printer information, but it will only be valid as 
long as PmDraw remains active. 

Important! The orientation specified during Setup is the setting for the 
printer itself.  Your output page will be rotated automatically (if necessary) 
to match that of the printer. 


═══ 8. Miscellaneous features ═══

In addition to its major aspects, there a number of miscellaneous features 
which greatly enhance the working environment in PmDraw. Among these are: 

 o File handling 

 o Mini-view window 

 o Alignment grid 

 o Tics 

 o Page size/orientation 

 o Popup positioning 

 o Saved configuration (customization) 


═══ 8.1. Mini-view window ═══

The Mini-view window displays a view of the entire current page and allows 
direct specification of the visible area in the Drawing window.  This Drawing 
area will be depicted as a red box in the Mini-view window, and can be changed 
by defining a new box with the cursor (exactly as boxes are created in PmDraw 
drawing).  Note that the aspect ratio is locked to that which is visible in the 
Drawing window. An additional feature is that if the graphics in the Mini-view 
window are "messed up" from improper refresh, it can be refreshed by clicking 
MB2 with the cursor in its margin area. 


═══ 8.2. Alignment grid ═══

A rectangular grid is available in PmDraw to assist in accurately drawing and 
aligning objects.  The grid spacing is customizable via the Options menu, as is 
its visibility. When "snap" is turned on (via its menu option Snap On), using 
the cursor and an MB1 click or ENTER to set a point will cause the cursor (and 
the entered point) to be snapped to the nearest grid point automatically. 

Whether or not "snap" is turned on, you can always move the cursor to the 
nearest grid point using the keyboard assist key "g". 


═══ 8.3. Tic marks ═══

*** Tic marks ***

Tic marks can be displayed to assist the user in scaling and positioning her 
graphics.  Since the mouse coordinates are visible in the Info window tics are 
not strictly necessary, but they are useful for visualizing the final-output 
scale.  Default is for the grid to be visible, and have tics every 1/2 inch - 
both of these are customizable. 


═══ 8.4. Page size/orientation ═══

Page sizes at present are 8 1/2 by 11 inches (portrait or landscape), or 6 by 6 
inches.  All dimensions are specified in inches (or thousandths). The page size 
for a given presentation page is specified in the Options menu, and upon 
reloading the visible window will be set appropriately. 

If scaling to other hardcopy page sizes is desired, the best solution at 
present is to use the print formatter. 


═══ 8.5. Attribute popups ═══

Popups for object attributes may be placed anywhere on the Desktop, and their 
visibility is controlled through the relevant items under the Options drop-down 
on the main action bar. Position and visibility are stored in the configuration 
(using Save window positions) as described under customization. 

There are two windows for attributes, for Drawing and Text.  These windows 
display the current values of each attribute; clicking on these attribute 
displays will pop up a dialog box or a menu from which a new setting can be 
selected. 

If any objects are marked, changing the value of an attribute in the dialogs 
will change that for the marked object(s). If one marks an object, the 
attribute dialogs will change their values to indicate those for the newly 
marked object.  They will return to default settings when going back to create 
a new object (say, by clicking on Box). 


═══ 8.5.1. Text attributes ═══

The curren font is displayed at the top.  Clicking in its window will pop up 
the font-change dialog. 

An array of radio buttons allows you to set the alignment of text strings 
relative to their reference points.  This allows the user to specify lower-left 
alignment, centered text, etc. 

The text size is displayed in a normal button with dimensions in English, 
metric or Point units.  Clicking on this button will pop up the textsize-change 
dialog. 


═══ 8.5.2. Font selection ═══

This dialog is displayed by clicking on the current font window in the text 
attributes dialog.  It displays a list of the Hershey and Outline fonts 
available on your system.  Clicking once on an entry will cause that font to be 
displayed in the preview window, double-clicking or pressing OK will cause the 
selected font to be made the current font.  If any text strings are marked, 
they will have the selected font applied. 


═══ 8.5.3. Text sizing ═══

This dialog is displayed by clicking on the text size button in the text 
attributes dialog.  It contains an entryfield in which the size can be typed in 
the current units, as well as radio buttons for changing the text size units 
between Points and either English or metric (depending upon which has been 
selected in the Options pull-down). 


═══ 8.5.4. Sizing dialog ═══

This dialog allows the user to specify a size in the current units (English or 
metric) for Grid spacing, Ruler division spacing, and for Markers and Arrow 
heads. 


═══ 8.5.5. Array copy ═══

This dialog allows the user to copy all marked items in a rectangular array. 
The number of rows and columns and their spacings must be entered. 


═══ 8.5.6. Fast Hershey ═══

This switch toggles the setting for scaled stroking of the Hershey fonts 
on-screen.  If it is un-checked, the fonts will be scaled as they will be for 
export and printing - but the performance will be SLOW. For speed check this 
and the text on-screen will be drawn with the correct font, but MUCH FASTER. 


═══ 8.5.7. Window zoom (magnification) ═══

You can control the viewing area in the Drawing area in a number of ways: 

 o Ctl+z will zoom to full page view 

 o Scroll bars and miscellaneous accelerators will move the current drawing 
   window around on the page without changing its size. 

 o The +/- buttons on the side panel can be used to zoom in and out by roughly 
   60% increments. 


═══ 8.5.8. Draft view ═══

Draft view is for increasing the drawing speed on-screen and pre-viewing pages. 
It causes text to be rendered in the fastest font (Hershey Simplex), lines to 
be drawn with default width (one pel), and fill patterns to be ignored.  At 
preset, the Draft setting will also affect output through metafile export and 
Quick and Format print. 

Text sizing is NOT precise in Draft view!  It is only intended as an 
approximation to what will be seen in normal view. 


═══ 8.5.9. Metric units ═══

This Options pull-down selection allows the user to specify whether English or 
metric units are preferred.  The selection will affect the coordinates display 
in the Info window, and all sizing units. 


═══ 8.5.10. CUA mouse model ═══

This Options pull-down selection allows the user to specify whether the CUA 
model for object selection and manipulation is in effect.  It currently applies 
only to editing operations: 

Clicking MB1 causes only the nearest object to be selected. Adding the SHIFT 
key causes the nearest object's state to be toggled and all other objects left 
un-changed.  This lets you add or subtract specific objects to the marked set. 

Dragging MB1 allows an area mark to be performed, marking all objects within 
the desired area.  Using the SHIFT key causes the marked state of all 
surrounded objects to be toggled, leaves other objects in their current state. 

Dragging with MB2 causes a MOVE operation to commence.  Using the CTRL key 
changes the operation to a COPY.  (Using the SHIFT key constrains the movement 
to horizontal or vertical). 


═══ 8.5.11. Overwrite confirmation ═══

This Options pull-down selection allows the user to specify whether 
confirmation is required before overwriting an existing file on a file save. 
If it is on (checked), a popup will query the user whether the save is to be 
continued or aborted. 


═══ 8.5.12. Drawing attributes ═══

For all attributes, clicking on their display area will pop up a dialog or menu 
offering a selection for changing the value. 

Line attributes include Color, style and width.  The color affects all outline 
drawings and borders, as well as text colors.  If the line and fill colors are 
the same and the line color is changed, the fill color will be changed to 
match.  If they are different, the fill color will be left alone.  It should be 
noted that limitations in PM prevent wide, patterened lines from being 
displayed - if such a combination is selected, the line will display on screen 
at the proper width with an arbitrary fill pattern (indicating that it is not a 
SOLID line).  These lines CAN be exported to Postscript and CGM with the 
desired appearance, although at present the line style repeat length is not 
scaled with line width... 

Fill patterns include color and style.  Current limitation is that direct or 
exported Postscript maps fill patterns other than SOLID to grey shades. 

Marker attributes include style and size.  Markers are "fancy" now... 

Arrow attributes include "ends", style and size.  The left arrow will cause the 
arrow head to be drawn at the BEGINNING of a line or curve, the right arrow at 
the end.  Arrow head styles are fancier now as well. 


═══ 8.6. Saving configuration ═══

 The default configuration for PmDraw is extremely customizable. Under the 
Options menu item you will find Personalize which opens up a primary dialog for 
setting various parameters. Some values are set directly in this dialog, while 
some groups of settings (like default options for print/export, for example) 
are set from sub-dialogs to the main Personalize dialog. 

Once parameters have been set, you have the option of saving them so that they 
are in effect automatically when you start a PmDraw session, or you can "try 
them out" in which case they are only in effect as long as you have that 
session running.  If you decide to make those settings "permanent", you can 
re-enter Personalize and Save them. 


═══ 8.6.1. Personalize dialog ═══

From this dialog, you can directly set default values controlling a number of 
options within PmDraw as well as access several sub-dialogs for various 
configuration areas: 

 o Print/export options 

 o File I/O controls and paths 

 o New-object defaults 

 In addition to the above dialogs, settings for a number of options can be made 
 directly from the Personalize dialog.  Unit can be set to either English or 
 Metric, and all dialogs asking for lengths will use these units.  The side 
 panels which hold object buttons and mini-view window can be placed either to 
 the left or right of the drawing area at the users preference.  Rulers 
 visiblity and tic spacing can be set, as well as the number of Undo steps for 
 each page. Finally the location of the config file which holds this info can 
 be specified - the default path is c:\os2. 

 In addition to these, a Save will also make your current settings in the 
 Options pulldown permanent, for the alignment grid and various viewing 
 controls. 

 Once settings have been made, you can either Save them as your standard 
 defaults, or try them out in which case they will only be in effect for the 
 current session.  If you wish to make them permanent later, you can re-enter 
 Personalize and Save them. 


═══ 8.6.2. Print/Export options ═══

Use this dialog to set the default values for various controls that affect 
Printing and Export jobs.  Query job props will make PM display a dialog for a 
print job appropriate to the driver you are sending a print job to.  Invert 
black/white will do exactly that.  If you prefer to work with a black 
background and white text, you will need to invert them when doing normal 
printing (this is the default).  You also have the option of having the 
background color written into a print or export job.  If you wish, you can work 
on a page background of blue but still have it clear when printed. 

Finally there are settings for default layout.  Fit to margins will scale your 
page to fit exactly within the margins of the current form for a print job. 
Auto-rotate will cause the output to be automatically rotated if the aspect 
ratio dictates it.  A landscape page will be automatically rotated if the 
target is Portrait, for example. Blowup lets you specify a magnification factor 
for printing larger views of your page (posters!).  Default mag is 2X which 
will cause a standard A or A4 page to be blown up and printed on 4 sheets. 

Selecting Ok sets these values for the current session - you must select Save 
from the Personalize dialog to make them permanent.  Note that these settings 
are simply defaults - you still have the option of changing them for individual 
print and export jobs. 


═══ 8.6.3. Files/paths configuration ═══

The two checkboxes in this dialog control file saving behavior.  Confirm file 
overwrite will prompt the user for confirmation when a file save (or export) 
would overwrite an existing file.  Verify saved data will force a re-read of a 
saved PMD file to verify that it was written correctly.  Turning this on will 
result in slower speed during saves, but will result in greater data integrity. 

In addition, you can set the default path for all of the filetypes that PmDraw 
recognizes.  Select a file type and the path will be displayed in the edit 
window. 

If you change it and press Set, your changes will be retained.  Note that you 
must use SAVE from the main Personalize dialog to retain these values as your 
permanent defaults. 


═══ 8.6.4. New object defaults ═══

Here you can set default attributes and behavior when creating new objects. 

Page size, orientation and background colors will be the values first applied 
when you create a new page within PmDraw.  Individual page settings can then be 
changed using the Pages pulldown on the main menu. The "X" button allows you to 
set your default user page size. 

Line spacing is a multiplying factor.  1.5 will result in a 50% greater spacing 
between lines when entering multiple lines from the text dialog or pasting text 
from the clipboard. 

New object marking sets the default behavior for marking objects on the page 
when a new one is created.  The three options should be self-explanatory. 


═══ 8.6.5. Configuration file ═══

Use this dialog to specify the file and path that you want to keep your PmDraw 
configuration information in. 

The default is C:\OS2\PMDRAW.INI. 


═══ 8.6.6. Set page size ═══

Use this dialog to set the height and width of a page.  If called from Re-size 
in the Pages pulldown, it will affect the size of the current page (you might 
find it necessary to then Mark-all and Fit-to-page). If called from the 
Personalize dialogs, this dialog sets the default height and width of a new 
(User page size) page. 


═══ 8.6.7. Screenshow ═══

Screenshow lets you put PmDraw in a mode where it will flip through pages in a 
loaded PMD file continuously.  Using the setup dialog, you can specify the last 
page in the file to be cycled through, and the time that each page is displayed 
before going to the next page.  Using the Last Page setting allows you to have 
clipart and xref pages at the end of the file which are skipped during the 
screenshow cycle. 

Start a screenshow by loading a multi-page PMD file and selecting Screenshow 
under Files on the main menu.  This menu option will only be enabled if a 
multi-page file is loaded. Once you've confirmed the timestep and last page to 
be shown, the screenshow begins and will run until interrupted. 

While running you can use the mouse or keyboard to control the show. Pressing 
Btn 1 or Enter will pause the show or pressing Btn 2 or Esc will end the show. 
Once paused, pressing Btn 1 will resume the screenshow, while pressing Btn 2 
will back up to the previous panel. 


═══ 8.7. Graph initialization ═══

Graphs are used to present data or information in an organized fashion.  There 
are a number of standard formats, including xy plots, bar and pie charts. Data 
within PmDraw is named, so that a set of x values and y values have a name 
which is used when plotting them against each other. 

At present, PmDraw only support xy plots. A standard xy plot has numeric axes 
with data represented by polylines with any combination of line and marker 
styles.  PmDraw allows multiple curves and even multiple axes.  For example, 
you can have different y scales displayed on the left and right side of a graph 
with displayed curves associated with each (e.g. "x1" vs. "y1" and "x1" vs. 
"y2"). 

Data can derive from a variety of sources - at present you can either read in 
data from a file on disk (ascii format, as from a standard text editor), or 
supply an equation from which it is calculated.  You can even include in the 
same graph data from a file, and a curve from an equation which theoretically 
matches the data. Eventually, you will be able to perform fitting of your data 
so that PmDraw determines the best match of the data with a specified function 
through least squares fitting.  Spreadsheet manual entry of data is not yet 
supported. 

When creating a new graph, you must specify the graph type and specify the 
source of the data.  If Auto-size is checked a default centered graph location 
will be used, otherwise you must specify where on the page you want the graph 
to be located. The box you give will be the DATA bounding area - any scales and 
labels will fall outside this.  This method allows you to overlay two graphs by 
making their data areas coincident. 


═══ 8.8. Graph edit dialog ═══

The primary graph add/edit dialog consists mainly of a list of graph items and 
buttons for a variety of possible actions.  The graph type, such as "XY plot", 
is shown in the upper right of the dialog.  Below that is the list of graph 
items.  Next is a text display which shows a suggested action or details 
regarding a selected item. 

Graph items are listed in order in the main listbox.  In displaying the graph, 
these items are handled sequentially so that the current axes at any point in 
the list are the last x and y axes encountered in traversing the list.  Items 
usually correspond to displayed objects in the graph, such as Title, and by 
selecting the relevant graph item in the list the attributes of the associated 
objects can be edited using the standard text and drawing attribute dialogs. 

Multiple graph items can be selected by holding MB1 down while dragging through 
the list, or by using the Ctrl shift key while clicking on items. Once 
selected, items may be 

 Edited         Modified using a dialog 
 Inserted       New graph item created and placed in the list 
 Deleted        Removed from the list 
 Copied         Duplicated with the new object immediately edited 
 Fractured      Removed from the graph item list, but with the visible objects 
                left on the page as normal PmDraw objects 
 Reordered      Using drag/drop with MB2 


═══ 8.9. Graph data load ═══

Data can be imported into a graph from an ascii data file on disk. When editing 
or creating a dataload item, a file name must first be given.  The file is then 
read and the dataload dialog is displayed. 

The dataload dialog contains a listbox with an entry for each column of data 
found in the file.  These entries have a column number and space for the data 
column name.  To specify a name, select the listbox item, type in the name in 
the entryfield below the listbox, and click on the item again to verify the 
name.  When first creating a graph with data from such a file, the first two 
columns will be given the names "x1" and "y1" by default - these may be edited 
as desired. 

Selecting New File allows one to change the name of the file from which data is 
to be loaded. 

Selecting Reload will cause the currently selected file to be re-checked in 
case you've edited it. 

Data is only loaded for those columns that you have named.  If you've edited 
the file and added a column of data, pressing "?" will cause the file to be 
re-scanned and an entry for the new column added to the listbox for naming and 
subsequent loading.  NOT YET ENABLED... 


═══ 8.10. Graph data calculation ═══

Calculated data is represented by a set of x values given by a range and a 
number of evenly spaced values within it, and y values which are calculated 
from the associated x values.  Both the x and y datasets must be given names, 
and the entered equation should be a function of x. 

For example, an x min of 0, max of 1 and divisions of 10 would result in the x 
values of 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, ... 0.9, 1.0.  Then, an equation of 2*x+3 would result 
in y values of 3.0, 3.2, 3.4, ... 4.8, 5.0. 

Once you have calculated the x and y data, it can be used to produce a curve. 


═══ 8.11. XY plot curves ═══

This causes a selected, (named) x and y dataset to be plotted against each 
other using the current axes in effect.  The list of selectable names for x and 
y will include all available names at the point at which the curve occurs in 
the list of graph items. 


═══ 8.12. Graph axes ═══

X and Y axes are specified using individual axis graph items.  They are used to 
define the scaling for the graph, and to produce labels and tic marks for the 
axes.  In the primary dialog, one specifies the axis type (linear, log, 
function), and the axis range. One may specify the range explicitly, or 
determine it automatically from one of the named datasets.  For example, if 
dataload has been used to bring in named x1 and y1, the x axis can be "locked 
to" x1 so that data can always be displayed with a "nice" axis data range. If 
the x1 data is subsequently changed, the graph axis will be modified 
accordingly and all graphed objects updated accordingly.  If a named dataset is 
selected but "Lock to" is NOT checked, Rescale will find a reasonable min and 
max but not lock you to it. 

Details allows you to modify exactly how the graph axis is presented. 


═══ 8.13. Axis details ═══

Using this dialog, one can specify details regarding the presentation of a 
graph axis.  It allows you to display a grid, or to control the display of 
ticmarks.  Ticmark details include positioning and length specs - if x ranges 
from -1 to 1, one can use interior to place an axis INSIDE the graph at 0 by 
checking Interior and giving a Loc(ation) of 0 in the y axis details. 

Division spacing and number of minor ticmarks are specified explicitly. 

Finally, axis numbering can be controlled.  If tics are to the left and right, 
for example, you have the choice as to which side to place the numbers.  A 
multiplier can be specified - if the axis ranges from 0 to 1000 and a 
multiplier of 0.001 is given, the axis numbering will range from 0 to 1.0. 
Spacing controls how far from the edge of the graph the numbers are positioned. 


═══ 8.14. Graph labels ═══


═══ 8.15. Graph item INSERT ═══


═══ 9. Keyboard assists/accelerators ═══

Within PmDraw, the keyboard can be used in place of the mouse to perform a 
number of actions and to assist in the precise entry of points for creating and 
editing objects.  Menu accelerators are given beside the associated menu item; 
other accelerators include: 

 o Cursor positioning keys 

 o Miscellaneous accelerators 


═══ 9.1. Menu accelerators ═══

 Ctl+a          Toggle grid AUTOSNAP function 
 Ctl+c          Clipart import 
 Ctl+d          Direct PostScript print 
 Ctl+g          Toggle grid visibility 
 Ctl+i          Help Index 
 Ctl+k          Help Keys 
 Ctl+n          New PMD file 
 Ctl+o          Open existing file 
 Ctl+p          Format Print 
 Ctl+q          Quick Print 
 Ctl+s          Save PMD file (with same name) 
 Ctl+v          View another PMD page 


═══ 9.2. Edit accelerators ═══

In general, editing actions will just affect marked items: 

 Alt+a          mark ALL 
 Alt+b          Put object in BACK 
 Alt+c          COPY 
 Alt+e          ERASE current page (reverse with Ctl+Del) 
 Alt+f          Bring object to Front 
 Alt+g          Form Group 
 Alt+m          MOVE 
 Alt+r          ROTATE 
 Alt+s          SCALE 
 Alt+t          Text string edit 
 Alt+u          Un-mark all 
 Delete         usual edit action for marked items 
 Ctrl+Delete    un-delete editing action 


═══ 9.3. Cursor positioning keys ═══

 Positioning keyboard assists: 

 e              move to the nearest object "end point" 
 t              move to the nearest text reference point 
 c              move to the nearest object "center" (box, arc, ellipse, 
                subcell) 
 g              snap to the nearest grid point 
 l              move to the nearest point on the nearest line segment 
 r              move to the closest point on the nearest curve (arc, ellipse, 
                fillet) 
 s              move to the closest subcell corner 

 Additional keyboard assists are: 

 arrow keys     moves the cursor a pixel at a time (useful for fine 
                positioning) 
 Ctl+arrows     fast keyboard-controlled cursor movement 
 SHFT            in conjunction with Add/Edit actions offers an assisting 
                constraint.  For example, with Rotate, SHIFT constrains angles 
                to multiples of 15 degrees.  Creating an ellipse, SHIFT 
                constrains the shape to a CIRCLE. Details are given in 
                descriptions for individual Add/Edit actions.  Under Add, works 
                with all but fillet, under Edit works with Move, Scale, Rotate 
                and Copy (Move part). 

 When you specify points and objects by using the cursor and clicking MB1 (or 
 pressing Enter), the accuracy is limited by the conversion of the cursor's 
 position on the screen (in pels) to page coordinates.  To circumvent this 
 limitation, a number of cursor assist keys have been implemented which assist 
 the user in precisely positioning the cursor, connecting EXACTLY to existing 
 objects, and SELECTING objects (when Marking). 


═══ 9.4. Miscellaneous accelerators ═══

 Insert         toggle between Mark and current object buttons 
 Alt+F6         CUA switch between PmDraw windows 
 Ctl+z          ZOOM out to full page view 
 Ctl+r          REFRESH main drawing window 
 +              INCREASE MAGnification of current view 
 -              DECREASE MAGnification of current view 
 Alt +          cut the grid spacing in half 
 Alt -          double the grid spacing 
 PgUp/PgDn      change page in workspace (also Ctl+) 
 Home/End       move window around on page (also Ctl+) 


═══ 10. PMDraw Extended Help ═══

PmDraw is a CORE presentation graphics utility aimed at page-format, WYSIWYG 
foil layout under OS/2 Presentation Manager.  The primary design emphasis is on 
ease-of-use, and it is oriented toward scientific presentation graphics. 

Help is available for the following areas: 

 o Introduction 

 o Creating objects 

 o Editing objects 

 o Data Import/Export 

 o Hardcopy 

 o Miscellaneous features 

 o Keyboard assists/shortcuts 


═══ 11. PMDraw Authors ═══

PmDraw!
VERSION 1.0
26 March, 1992 

Developed by Alan Warren, with help from Ray Wang, Allan Bednowitz, Genarro 
Cuomo, Jason Crawford and Larry Salomon. 

IBM T.J. Watson Research Center 
Yorktown Heights, NY  10598