Grundidee
HTML 4.01 Specification
HTML 4.01 Specification
W3C Recommendation 24 December 1999
- This version:
-
http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224
- (plain text [794Kb], gzip'ed tar archive of HTML files
[371Kb], a .zip archive of HTML
files [405Kb], gzip'ed
Postscript file [746Kb, 389 pages], gzip'ed PDF file [963Kb])
- Latest version of HTML 4.01:
-
http://www.w3.org/TR/html401
- Latest version of HTML 4:
-
http://www.w3.org/TR/html4
- Latest version of HTML:
-
http://www.w3.org/TR/html
- Previous version of HTML 4.01:
-
http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-html40-19990824
- Previous HTML 4 Recommendation:
-
http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-html40-19980424
- Editors:
- Dave
Raggett <dsr@w3.org>
- Arnaud Le Hors, W3C
- Ian Jacobs, W3C
Copyright ©1997-1999 W3C®
(MIT,
INRIA, Keio),
All Rights Reserved. W3C
liability,
trademark,
document use and
software licensing rules apply.
Abstract
This specification defines the HyperText Markup Language
(HTML), the publishing language of the World Wide Web. This
specification defines HTML 4.01, which is a subversion of HTML
4. In addition to the text, multimedia, and hyperlink features
of the previous versions of HTML (HTML 3.2
[HTML32] and HTML 2.0
[RFC1866]), HTML 4 supports more multimedia options,
scripting languages, style sheets, better printing facilities,
and documents that are more accessible to users with
disabilities. HTML 4 also takes great strides towards the
internationalization of documents, with the goal of making the
Web truly World Wide.
HTML 4 is an SGML application conforming to International
Standard ISO 8879 -- Standard Generalized Markup Language [ISO8879].
Status of this document
This section describes the status of this document at
the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this
document. The latest status of this document series is
maintained at the W3C.
This document specifies HTML 4.01, which is part of the HTML
4 line of specifications. The first version of HTML 4 was HTML
4.0 [HTML40], published on 18 December 1997
and revised 24 April 1998. This specification is the first HTML
4.01 Recommendation. It includes non-editorial changes since the 24
April version of HTML 4.0. There have been some changes to
the DTDs, for example. This document obsoletes previous
versions of HTML 4.0, although W3C will continue to make those
specifications and their DTDs available at the W3C Web
site.
This document has been reviewed by W3C Members and other
interested parties and has been endorsed by the Director as a
W3C Recommendation. It is a stable document and may be used as
reference material or cited as a normative reference from
another document. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to
draw attention to the specification and to promote its
widespread deployment. This enhances the functionality and
interoperability of the Web.
W3C recommends that user agents and authors (and in
particular, authoring tools) produce HTML 4.01 documents rather
than HTML 4.0 documents. W3C recommends that authors produce
HTML 4 documents instead of HTML 3.2 documents. For reasons of
backward compatibility, W3C also recommends that tools
interpreting HTML 4 continue to support HTML 3.2 and HTML 2.0
as well.
For information about the next generation of HTML, "The
Extensible HyperText Markup Language"
[XHTML], please refer to the W3C HTML Activity and the
list of W3C Technical
Reports.
This document has been produced as part of the W3C HTML Activity. The
goals of the HTML
Working Group (Members only)
are discussed in the HTML Working
Group charter (Members
only).
A list of current W3C Recommendations and other technical
documents can be found at
http://www.w3.org/TR.
Public discussion on HTML features takes place on www-html@w3.org (archives
of www-html@w3.org).
Available languages
The English version of this specification is the only
normative version. However, for translations of this document,
see
http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html4-updates/translations.
Errata
- The list of known errors in this specification is
available at:
-
http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html4-updates/errata
Please report errors in this document to
www-html-editor@w3.org.
-
About the HTML 4 Specification
- Introduction to HTML 4
- On SGML and HTML
-
Conformance: requirements and recommendations
-
HTML Document Representation - Character sets,
character encodings, and entities
-
Basic HTML data types - Character data, colors,
lengths, URIs, content types, etc.
- The global structure of an HTML document
- The HEAD and BODY of a document
- Language information and text direction
- International considerations for text
- Text - Paragraphs, Lines, and
Phrases
- Lists - Unordered, Ordered, and
Definition Lists
- Tables
- Links - Hypertext and
Media-Independent Links
- Objects, Images, and Applets
- Style Sheets - Adding style to HTML
documents
- Alignment, font styles, and horizontal
rules
- Frames - Multi-view presentation of
documents
- Forms - User-input Forms: Text
Fields, Buttons, Menus, and more
- Scripts - Animated Documents and
Smart Forms
- SGML reference information for HTML -
Formal definition of HTML and validation
- SGML Declaration of
HTML 4
-
Document Type Definition
-
Transitional Document Type Definition
-
Frameset Document Type Definition
- Character entity references in HTML
4
- Changes
- Performance, Implementation, and Design
Notes
-
About
the HTML 4 Specification
- How the
specification is organized
-
Document
conventions
-
Elements and attributes
-
Notes and examples
-
Acknowledgments
-
Acknowledgments for the current revision
- Copyright
Notice
-
Introduction to HTML 4
-
What
is the World Wide Web?
- Introduction to
URIs
- Fragment
identifiers
- Relative
URIs
-
What
is HTML?
- A brief history of
HTML
-
HTML
4
-
Internationalization
-
Accessibility
- Tables
- Compound
documents
- Style sheets
- Scripting
- Printing
-
Authoring documents with HTML 4
- Separate structure
and presentation
- Consider universal
accessibility to the Web
- Help user agents with
incremental rendering
-
On SGML and HTML
-
Introduction to SGML
-
SGML
constructs used in HTML
- Elements
- Attributes
- Character
references
- Comments
-
How
to read the HTML DTD
- DTD
Comments
- Parameter entity
definitions
-
Element
declarations
-
Attribute
declarations
-
Conformance: requirements and recommendations
-
Definitions
-
SGML
- The text/html content
type
-
HTML
Document Representation - Character sets, character
encodings, and entities
- The
Document Character Set
-
Character
encodings
-
Choosing an encoding
-
Specifying the character encoding
-
Character
references
-
Numeric character references
-
Character entity references
-
Undisplayable characters
-
Basic
HTML data types - Character data, colors, lengths,
URIs, content types, etc.
- Case
information
- SGML basic
types
- Text
strings
-
URIs
-
Colors
-
Notes on using colors
-
Lengths
- Content
types (MIME types)
- Language
codes
- Character
encodings
- Single
characters
- Dates and
times
- Link
types
- Media
descriptors
- Script
data
- Style
sheet data
- Frame
target names
-
The global structure of an HTML document - The HEAD
and BODY of a document
-
Introduction to the structure of an HTML
document
-
HTML version information
-
The HTML element
-
The
document head
- The HEAD element
- The TITLE element
- The
title attribute
-
Meta data
-
The
document body
- The BODY element
- Element
identifiers: the id and
class attributes
- Block-level and
inline elements
- Grouping elements:
the DIV and SPAN elements
- Headings: The H1,
H2, H3, H4,
H5, H6
elements
- The ADDRESS element
-
Language information and text direction
- International considerations for text
-
Specifying the language of content: the
lang attribute
-
Language codes
- Inheritance of
language codes
- Interpretation of
language codes
-
Specifying the direction of text and tables: the
dir attribute
- Introduction to
the bidirectional algorithm
- Inheritance of
text direction information
- Setting the
direction of embedded text
- Overriding the
bidirectional algorithm: the
BDO element
- Character
references for directionality and joining
control
- The effect of
style sheets on bidirectionality
-
Text - Paragraphs, Lines, and Phrases
-
White
space
-
Structured text
- Phrase elements:
EM,
STRONG, DFN, CODE,
SAMP, KBD, VAR,
CITE, ABBR, and
ACRONYM
-
Quotations: The
BLOCKQUOTE and Q
elements
- Subscripts and
superscripts: the SUB and
SUP elements
-
Lines
and Paragraphs
- Paragraphs: the P element
-
Controlling line breaks
- Hyphenation
- Preformatted text:
The PRE element
- Visual rendering of
paragraphs
-
Marking document changes: The INS and DEL
elements
-
Lists - Unordered, Ordered, and Definition
Lists
-
Introduction to lists
-
Unordered
lists (UL), ordered
lists (OL), and list
items (LI)
-
Definition lists: the
DL, DT, and DD elements
- Visual rendering of
lists
-
The DIR and MENU elements
-
Tables
-
Introduction to tables
-
Elements for constructing tables
-
The TABLE element
- Table Captions:
The CAPTION
element
- Row groups: the
THEAD, TFOOT, and TBODY elements
-
Column groups:
the COLGROUP and COL elements
- Table rows: The
TR element
-
Table cells: The
TH and TD elements
-
Table formatting by visual user agents
- Borders and
rules
-
Horizontal and
vertical alignment
- Cell
margins
-
Table rendering by non-visual user agents
- Associating header
information with data cells
- Categorizing
cells
- Algorithm to find
heading information
-
Sample table
-
Links - Hypertext and Media-Independent Links
-
Introduction to links and anchors
- Visiting a linked
resource
- Other link
relationships
- Specifying anchors
and links
- Link
titles
-
Internationalization and links
-
The
A element
- Syntax of anchor
names
- Nested links are
illegal
- Anchors with the
id attribute
- Unavailable and
unidentifiable resources
-
Document relationships: the
LINK element
- Forward and reverse
links
- Links and external
style sheets
- Links and search
engines
-
Path
information: the BASE
element
-
Resolving relative URIs
-
Objects, Images, and Applets
-
Introduction to objects, images, and applets
-
Including an image: the IMG
element
-
Generic inclusion: the
OBJECT element
- Rules for
rendering objects
- Object
initialization: the PARAM
element
- Global naming
schemes for objects
- Object
declarations and instantiations
-
Including an applet: the
APPLET element
-
Notes on embedded documents
-
Image
maps
-
Client-side
image maps: the MAP and
AREA elements
- Server-side image
maps
-
Visual presentation of images, objects, and applets
- Width and
height
- White space
around images and objects
- Borders
-
Alignment
-
How to specify alternate text
-
Style Sheets - Adding style to HTML
documents
-
Introduction to style sheets
-
Adding style to HTML
- Setting the
default style sheet language
- Inline style
information
- Header style
information: the STYLE
element
- Media
types
-
External style sheets
- Preferred and
alternate style sheets
- Specifying
external style sheets
-
Cascading style sheets
- Media-dependent
cascades
- Inheritance and
cascading
-
Hiding style data from user agents
-
Linking to style sheets with HTTP headers
-
Alignment, font styles, and horizontal
rules
-
Formatting
- Background
color
-
Alignment
-
Floating
objects
-
Fonts
- Font style
elements: the TT, I,
B, BIG, SMALL,
STRIKE, S, and
U elements
- Font modifier
elements: FONT and BASEFONT
- Rules: the HR element
-
Frames - Multi-view presentation of
documents
-
Introduction to frames
-
Layout of frames
-
The FRAMESET element
-
The FRAME element
-
Specifying target frame information
- Setting the
default target for links
- Target
semantics
-
Alternate content
- The NOFRAMES element
- Long descriptions
of frames
-
Inline frames: the IFRAME
element
-
Forms - User-input Forms: Text
Fields, Buttons, Menus, and more
-
Introduction to forms
-
Controls
- Control
types
-
The FORM element
-
The INPUT element
- Control types
created with INPUT
- Examples of forms
containing INPUT controls
-
The BUTTON element
-
The SELECT, OPTGROUP, and OPTION elements
- Pre-selected
options
-
The TEXTAREA element
-
The ISINDEX element
-
Labels
- The LABEL element
- Adding structure to
forms: the FIELDSET and LEGEND elements
-
Giving focus to
an element
-
Tabbing navigation
-
Access keys
-
Disabled and read-only controls
- Disabled
controls
- Read-only
controls
-
Form submission
- Form submission
method
- Successful
controls
-
Processing
form data
-
Form content
types
-
Scripts - Animated Documents and
Smart Forms
- Introduction to
scripts
-
Designing documents for user agents that support
scripting
- The SCRIPT element
-
Specifying
the scripting language
- Intrinsic
events
- Dynamic
modification of documents
-
Designing documents for user agents that don't support
scripting
- The NOSCRIPT element
- Hiding script
data from user agents
-
SGML reference information for HTML - Formal
definition of HTML and validation
-
Document Validation
-
Sample SGML catalog
-
SGML Declaration of
HTML 4
-
SGML Declaration
-
Document Type Definition
-
Transitional Document Type Definition
-
Frameset Document Type Definition
-
Character entity references in HTML 4
-
Introduction to character entity references
-
Character entity references for ISO 8859-1
characters
- The list of
characters
-
Character entity references for symbols, mathematical
symbols, and Greek letters
- The list of
characters
-
Character entity references for markup-significant and
internationalization characters
- The list of
characters
-
Changes
-
Changes between 24 April 1998 HTML 4.0 and 24 December
1999 HTML 4.01 versions
-
Changes to the
specification
- Errors that were
corrected
- Minor
typographical errors that were corrected
-
Clarifications
- Known Browser
problems
-
Changes between 18 December 1997 and 24 April 1998
versions
- Errors that were
corrected
- Minor
typographical errors that were corrected
-
Changes between HTML 3.2 and HTML 4.0 (18 December
1997)
-
Changes to
elements
- Changes to
attributes
- Changes for
accessibility
- Changes for meta
data
- Changes for
text
- Changes for
links
- Changes for
tables
- Changes for
images, objects, and image maps
- Changes for
forms
- Changes for
style sheets
- Changes for
frames
- Changes for
scripting
- Changes for
internationalization
-
Performance, Implementation, and Design
Notes
-
Notes on invalid documents
-
Special characters in URI attribute values
- Non-ASCII
characters in URI attribute values
- Ampersands in URI
attribute values
-
SGML implementation notes
- Line
breaks
-
Specifying
non-HTML data
- SGML features with
limited support
- Boolean
attributes
- Marked
Sections
- Processing
Instructions
- Shorthand
markup
-
Notes on helping search engines index your Web site
-
Search
robots
-
Notes on tables
-
Design
rationale
-
Recommended
Layout Algorithms
-
Notes on forms
- Incremental
display
- Future
projects
-
Notes on scripting
-
Reserved syntax
for future script macros
-
Notes on frames
-
Notes on accessibility
-
Notes on security
- Security issues
for forms
MTE © Wolf Busch 2000-2001 - letzter Stand 02.07.2001