Copyright: Cumberland Family Software, 1995
Citation: All rights reserved, Cumberland Family Software, 1995


CUMBERLAND FAMILY TREE

Version 2.50x for Windows 95/98/NT

Copyright 1991-1998 © Cumberland Family Software  -  All rights reserved

Cumberland Family Software

385 Idaho Springs Road

Clarksville, TN 37043

E-mail: ira.lund@cf-software.com

Web Site:	http://www.cf-software.com

Spell Checker OCX (32 bit Version) - Copyright © 1996 Visual Tools, Inc.

Xceed ZIP OCX (32 bit Version) - Copyright © Xceed Software Inc., Canada

Clarion Language DLLs - Copyright © 1994-98 TopSpeed Corporation

File name for the Internet will be as follows:

Version 2.50x 32 Bit for Windows 95/98/NT	CFTW250X.ZIP

Order Information

  Family Tree Preliminaries

Program Overview

The Printed Manual

Standard Genealogical Conventions

Version 2 Improvements

  Section 1: Program Installation

Chapter 1. Hardware and DOS Requirements

Chapter 2. Installing the Program

Chapter 3. Upgrading from CFT-Win Version 1

Chapter 4. Upgrading from CFT DOS Versions

Chapter 5. Backing Up

Chapter 6. Un-installing the Program

  Section 2: Climbing Your Family Tree

This section is in the printed manual but not in the Help.

  Section 3: Tutorial

Chapter 1. Necessary Preliminaries

Chapter 2. Entering Data

Chapter 3. Summary of Special Features

Chapter 4. Printing Reports

Chapter 5. Handling Unusual Relationships

Chapter 6. A Real Life Users Explanation

  Section 4: Detailed Reference

Chapter 1. The Main Program Dialogue

Chapter 2. The Main Window

Chapter 3. The File Menu

Chapter 4. The Edit Menu

Chapter 5. The Change Menu

Chapter 6. The Tools Menu

Chapter 7. The Editors Menu

Chapter 8. The Options Menu

Chapter 9. The Help Menu

  Appendix

Appendix A: Trouble Shooting

Appendix B: Glossary

Appendix C: License Agreement

Appendix D: Acknowledgments

Shareware

Product Descriptions

Order Information

Future Upgrade Information


Program Overview

You are now the proud owner of the most user-friendly powerful genealogy program available!  We hope you find this program, accompanying User Manual and sample Indexed Book to be of great assistance to you in researching your family tree.

The major concept of CFT-Win centers around creating your very own Family History Book. The body of your book will likely consist of the unique Story reports, which have the capability of taking your dry data - such as dates and places - and structuring them into a delightful readable form. By allowing you to add up to 250 events in a persons life and attaching notes to each of those events you can easily use this program to write a full and complete biography on each individual in your database! Imagine showing ALL major events of a persons life in this fashion: births, church ordinances (like baptism, christenings, ordinations), schooling, addresses, immigrations, marriages, occupations (even multiple occupations changing throughout a  persons life), travels, awards, recognitions, deaths, burials, and any other life event you could think of! (The maximum possibility: 250 events - with 32,000 character notes on each event - could produce more than 2,000 printed pages of biographical material per individual!!!!)

In addition, you can easily document your data with source notes which can be end-noted when printing out the story reports. The Indexed Book will keep track of all individuals as you create your book and at the end, print an index showing every person in the database, what type of reports they appear on, and the page number!

And if you think the Indexed Book is a wonderful idea, imagine what it will be like when you add photographs and scanned documents! A wide variety of Photo reports can also be generated: pedigree charts with photos, descendant charts with photos, family group charts with photos and even a Photo Album. You can attach up to 250 photos to each individual!

CFT-Win can print 31 different types of charts and reports (even more if you count the variations). Reports can also be printed in languages other than English:

Ancestral Reports	Descendant Reports
Ancestral Story	Descendant Story
Ahnentafel	Desc Box Chart
Pedigree Box Chart	Desc List Chart
Six Gen Pedigree	Photo Desc Chart
Photo Pedigree	Desc Time Line
Ancestral Time Line
Individual Lists	Other Lists	Misc Reports
Standard Information	Family Record List	Individual Story
Birthday Report	Anniversary Report	Family Group Chart
LDS Ordinance	Events List	Photo Album
Default Event Date	Place Name List	Individual Summary
Def Event Da/Pl/Des	Misc Data List	Statistics
Default Flags	Source Note List	Database Structure
Address List		Documents

All of these charts can be included in your Indexed Family History Book!

Here is a run-down of the other major features of CFT-Win:

* Names up to 80 characters, allowing surname to be anywhere within the name - first, middle or last!

* Enter place names only once. Then select from easy-to-use pop-up screen forever after! Place names can be up to 200 characters long!

* User definable event fields allows more than just births, marriages and deaths. Add such events as baptisms, divorces, LDS ordinances, immigration, naturalization, bar mitzvah, and much more!

* Source notes can be attached to each individual event. They also work like place names - once you enter a source note, you can select it again using a pop-up window. Source notes are long, 5,000 characters, so you have room to enter an entire book name with author, publisher and date or more. Or attach a source reference to a document. Documents can be either text or a scanned image.

* Allows multiple marriages - up to 12 marriages per individual.

* The text edit window allows cut, copy and paste to and from other window applications. There is also a powerful spell-check dictionary included!

* Keep track of adopted parentage and ancestors in addition to the natural lineage.

* Calculate relationships between individuals.

* Calculate dates and view an eternal calendar with the Date Calculator.

* GEDCOM Import and Export. GEDCOM output has been approved by the LDS Church for submission to Ancestral File and TempleReady.

* Tiny Tafel export.

* Import ASCII Text to individual notes or documents.

* Import old CTREE 3.x and CFT-Pro 4.x files.

* Database Verification Utility will check for many different types of data inconsistency problems.

* Name Case Change Utility will change names from and to upper, lower or proper case.

* Powerful Database Merge and Database Split Utilities.

* Report output and Main Menu items can be shown in many other languages besides English.


The Printed Manuals
The Printed Manual

The printed manual that accompanies Cumberland Family Tree contains two books in one: a user manual and a sample indexed book.

Sample Indexed Book

The Lund Family Heritage is a sample Indexed Book created with Cumberland Family Tree for Windows. It contains a sample of every report that can be generated. The sample book will give you ideas on how to create your very own indexed book.

The User Manual

The printed manual is broken down into four sections.  You may wish to skip some sections for now, but you may find it useful to eventually read all of them as the need arises. Section 2: Climbing your Family Tree is not included in the Help, except for the topic on Standard Conventions. I strongly suggest that you read the topic on Standard Conventions. If you follow these standard genealogy conventions from the start it will save you much grief later on. I would also suggest that you read through the Tutorial Section. The Tutorial Section will give you a good idea of the function of the main options in the program and how best to use them. I would also suggest that you eventually read the entire section on Climbing Your Family Tree. The longest section, the Detailed Reference Section might best be read as questions arise on using certain parts of the program.

    Section 1: Program Installation

Contains installation instructions and directions for quickly starting and using the program.

    Section 2: Climbing your Family Tree

Was written as a primer for the beginning genealogist, to give you some references and ideas to start you off on this most satisfying hobby. Includes such topics as: interviewing techniques; source locations and how to cite sources; dates and calendars; the origin of surnames; the soundex system; and how to submit data to the LDS Ancestral File and TempleReady.

    Section 3: Tutorial

Contains a Tutorial with an example for using the main options and functions of the program.

    Section 4: Detailed Reference

Contains detailed instructions of every option contained in the program.


Standard Genealogical Conventions

Name entry in this program is very flexible. As stated elsewhere it allows the surname to appear in any location; at the beginning, middle or end.  Only one field (up to 80 characters) is presented while in the Individual Edit window. You should always enter the name in the proper order as it would normally appear, bracketing the surname with slashes (//).  Thus, names can still be sorted alphabetically by surname regardless of the surname location.

It is standard practice to CAPITALIZE surnames. However, the program does not force you to use this method. It is also standard to enter only a women's maiden name, regardless of her current legal name or how many husbands she may have had. I have found many individuals who want to keep track of a womens married names throughout their life. If you stick with the genealogy standard of always showing maiden names, then you wont have this problem. If you do not know the womens maiden name dont give her the husbands surname. Leave her surname blank! Otherwise others may assume that she happened to have the same maiden name as her husband. (It does happen.) If you insist on showing name changes then use the Name Change Event and have it occur at the same time as the Marriage Event.

The following list of names will give you an idea of proper entry of individual names. Brackets around surnames are shown. The brackets do not appear on any screen or report except the Individual Edit screen.  They are needed by the program to maintain alphabetical sorted surnames.

Standard English/American:

Ira Johan /LUND/

Nancy Ruth /HAMILTON/         - This is her maiden name

John Henry /SMITH/, Jr.

Fredrick Albert /JONES/, III

Dr. Edward Stuart /RUSSELL/, M.D.

Scandinavian name with appended ancestry locality name:

Ingeborg /OLSEN/ Tjelta

Johan Severin /SVENDSEN/ Rage

Oriental (Surnames always first):

/ZHENG/ Chooi Fong

/FONG/ Kooi Lan

Place names should normally include the city, county and state (for the U.S.) and the city, county or state and country (for other countries).  Cumberland Family Tree allows you to enter a place name once and then select it by number or from a pop-up list forever after. This saves much typing and re-entering of names.  (See The Name Field in The Individual Editor in the Detailed Reference Section.) If you also desire to enter more specific information, such as a cemetery name or street address, in the place field you can also do that.

You should be very careful about the dates you enter.  The program will not know how to interpret a date such as  12/06/73. Is it 1973 or 1873? If you enter 12/06/1973 the date will be converted based on the rules in the Program Configuration (Options Menu) as to whether the month is 12 or 06.

The genealogical standard of entering dates is the format: DD MMM YYYY. For example: 12 Jun 1874 and 20 Apr 1991. (To keep matters clear it is normal to write the date shown in the document you are using, rather than trying to convert to the Gregorian calendar.) You might wish to read the chapter on Dates and Calendars later in the printed manual.

One other suggestion I would like to make - keep all of your data in ONE database! I often find people who want to put their fathers genealogy in one database and their mothers in a second. Dont do this. How will you ever show a pedigree chart with yourself as the key individual when data is in two separate databases? You cant! Some people want to put their wifes or husbands genealogy into a different database. Dont do it. How are you ever going to show a pedigree chart for your children or grandchildren. As long as everyone is related keep them all in the same database. CFT-Win will hold up to a million names, so dont worry about it getting too large. My guess is that the average user has a database of less than 1000 names. My database is about 2200 names. One of the largest databases that my users have is 10,000, although I do know of a person who is trying to create one with about 100,000 individuals, not all of these are related, however.


Improvements Version 2
Version 2 Improvements

Version 2.00 Improvements

Version 2.06 Improvements

Version 2.07 Improvements

Version 2.08 Improvements

Version 2.09 Improvements

Version 2.10 Improvements

Version 2.20 Improvements

Version 2.21 Improvements

Version 2.22 Improvements

Version 2.23 Improvements

Version 2.24 Improvements

Version 2.25 Improvements

Version 2.26 Improvements

Version 2.27 Improvements

Version 2.28 Improvements

Version 2.29 Improvements

Version 2.30 Improvements

Version 2.31 Improvements

Version 2.32 Improvements

Version 2.50 Improvements


Improvements Version 2.00
Version 2.00 Improvements

The following items have been changed or added since Version 1 of Cumberland Family Tree for Windows:

* New Database Driver - TopSpeed Driver replaces the Clarion file driver. In most places, especially selection lists, the speed is greatly improved. The new file driver also compresses data, often taking less than half the disk space previously required for the same database.

* Family/Marriage Record Editor is gone! All Family/Marriage Events are now included in the Individual Event Editor. A marriage event will show up in both the husband and the wifes editor. This allows better arranging of the order of event and avoids the overlooking of marriage events.

* The Linkage Editor is gone! Connecting and disconnecting individuals is now done from the Edit menu of the main window.

* New Backup and Restore utility compresses to ZIP files. Includes Auto-Backup on program exit.

* New Global Search utility: Search any field in the database for information.

* Print Preview improvements: Save to ASCII text file and 3 stage zoom for clearer look at reports on screen.

* Multiple language support for all Reports and Menu system.

* Family records (FRN) are now automatically deleted when unused.

* Icons on main window are regrouped.

* New Tabbed Edit Individual and Edit Event Windows: Tabs for General, Note, Source and Photos.

* New Tabbed Report Window: Tabs for each of the five different groups of reports.

* Sources now appear at end of Indexed Book.

....plus many other smaller improvements and changes.


Improvements Version 2.06
Version 2.06 Improvements

Bug fixes and small enhancements have not been documented between Version 2.00 and 2.06. We will try report these better in the future. To try to catch up, some of the improvements listed below may have occurred before Version 2.06. And since we have not made an effort to fully document this in the past, there may be some bug fixes and improvements that are not documented here.

* New 32-bit Windows 95 Version - Both the 32-bit (Win 95) and 16 bit (Win 3.1) Versions will be maintained and upgraded together. The 32-bit Version will always contain an added x after the Version Number.

* New Installation program upgrade - This will now create a proper link to the Windows 95 Start Menu and will work with either the 16 bit or 32 bit installation.

* Print Preview Enhancement - You can now size the Print Preview window allow a large area to be viewed in the 70% and 100% Zoom modes. This is especailly useful for those with larger monitors.

* New Entry List feature for Printing Reports - This is in addition to the marking feature used for some reports. This feature makes for easier marking and ordering of some reports.

* Rebuild Key Files enhancements. You will notice some enhancements to this option, as well as fixes to allow it to repair Document corruption (when brought over from earlier versions) and other repairs.

* New percent/progress bar. The old percent VBX was replaced with an internally programmed progress bar to avoid conflicts between VBXs and 32-bit operation in Windows 95.

* 65,000 individuals. For databases with larger than about 65,000 individuals certain reports or functions would not properly operate. This has been repaired.

* Help Menu: Products Help repaired. This used to give an error.

* BookMarks now have single key short-cuts. See the menu.

* Several New Standard Events Added - Military Service Entry, Military Discharge, GED Standard Social Security Number, Telephone Number.

* Updates to some foreign languages.

* Several fixes in the GEDCOM Import and Export.

* Several language fixes on some notes at bottom of cetain Report pages.

* Update of the German and Dutch languages.

* Date formatter fixes. - No longer automatically capitalizes words preceding the year. Allows entries such as c., abt, bef, before, etc... Also, if the first character is non-alpha-numeric then the field will not be formatted and all entered data will stay as entered.

* Indexed Book bug fix - Ver 2.05 failed to properly create the BOOKS.TPS file. Opening a database with Ver 2.06 that was created with Ver 2.05 will automatically repair the problem.

* New Uninstall program. Added to allow easy uninstallation of the program and databases.

* Family Group Sheet with Photos. Problem with proper paging repaired.


Improvements Version 2.07
Version 2.07 Improvements

(Updated Oct 11, 1996)

* Sort Order - A New Option has been introduced in the Language Dialogue which allows the user to customize the sort order of NameSearch and other list lookups in CFT-Win. This option is mainly of interest to those using languages other than English.

* Family Group Sheets - New options have been added to the Family Group Sheet Reports. You can now exclude IRN / FRNs, include sources and/or notes. Paging problem with photos has been repaired.

* Win95 Backup Error - has been repaired. Ver 2.06x would not backup more than twice to same ZIP file.

* Add Document Problem - This was supposed to have been fixed in Ver 2.06, but bugs remained. If you have problems adding new Documents, please run the Rebuild Key FIles (Tools Menu) and see if these errors are fixed, allowing you to now properly add new Documents.

* Rebuild Key Files - Adding of Default Events did not work. This has now been repaired. Percentage Bars often went beyond 100%. This has also been worked on.

* Merge Databases - Repaired Merge Database relationship problems which occurs on some databases.

* Standard Event File - Repaired problem with Telephone Number and added a new Residence Event (RESI).

* GEDCOM Import of months has been repaired. Upper case months in GEDCOM files were not properly translated to foreign languages or lower cased the 2nd & 3rd characters. During GEDCOM import if Move Death/Burial to end has been checked, Cremation and Probate events will also be moved.

* Indexed Book - Foreign languages now work properly on Title Page, Contents, and Sources. Also add new words for the Index of Names Legend to languages to allow printing of Legend in languages other than English. (These words have not yet been translated to the respective languages.)

* Language Updates - for Dutch and Swedish.

* Individual Summary Report miscellaneous data error repaired.

* Story Reports  and others with occaisional text cut off on right has been repaired.

* Cascading Pedigree has been repaired where no spouse on first individual erroneously caused all later charts to suppress spouse information for first person on each chart.

* File Conversion percent bar - was reversed. It has been fixed. This harmless error showed up when Version 1 database was converted to Version 2 format.

* Data Verification Repair - If both Birth and Christening Events were present, and error on Marriage age may appear as both Birth and Christening were compared to Marriage date. A fix has been made so that if a Birth date exists, the Christening date will not be compared to Marriage Date to calculate Marriage age. Christening will only be used as a substitute birth date if no birth date exits.

* Pressing Esc from Print Preview used to cause printing to begin. This has now been fixed.

* Reports Save to ASCII Text - An option has been added to allow all text to be left justified.

* Descendant Box & List Reports - Both Lived Together and Not Married would show not married on these two reports. They have been fixed to show not married or lived together as appropropriate.


Improvements Version 2.08
Version 2.08 Improvements

(Updated Nov 30, 1996)

* New Date Entry Format - Date entry field has changed dramatically. For full details see Date Fields

* Standard Event List Auto Update - Prior to version 2.08 any user-defined standard events would get wiped out with each update of the program. With this release there is a new feature which will automatically update the new installed Standard Events with any of your user-defined events in the prior version - as long as you install the new version to your old CFT-Win directory (usually C:\CFTW). The old standard event and language files will be saved with an OLD extension: STDEVE.OLD and LANGUAGE.OLD.

* Standard Event Editor now allows editing of foreign language of current Report Language. The Language Editor (under Options Menu) may also leave out standard events when editing the list of foreign words and phrases.

* Language Printed List - Line numbers added to printed list.

* Languages Updated - Danish, Dutch, French, Norwegian. Also new Norwegian bokmål language added.

* Sort Order Errors - An error in the TPS driver would cause changes in sort order (Under Language in Options Menu) to often cause new sort order not to work properly. This has been fixed.

* Spell Check dictionary - Option to allow selection of an alternate dictionary (rather than AMERICAN.VTD was not working correctly. Now fixed. Also available on CFS Web site is FRANCAIS.VTD and a freeware program CAL_REP, a conversion utility for Gregorian to French Republican Calendar. (Both compliments of Laurent Larbellette, France.)

* All Reports - There is now a new option to suppress the page numbering and/or dates at bottom of pages. This is in the Footnotes Windows.

* Story Reports - fixed to allow printing of blank lines. Also fixed so that shared marriage notes of a spouse will not be repeated.

* Indexed Book Index of Names - would sometimes not correctly clear the index when a report was deleted and then another added. This has been fixed.

* Certain Reports (Std Event, Default Event, Ahnentafel, Birthday, Anniversary, Address)  - New feature will suppress * note at bottom of page if the note is not needed for that page.

* Entry List Count in Reports Window - bug fixed that sometimes caused improper count - especially in Family Group Sheet within the Indexed Book.

* TimeLine Report - Fixed a small bug which would cause the marriage bar for a second marriage not to show if there was no marriage date for the first marriage.

* Family Group Sheets - fixed so that marriages would be printed for children even if no Marriage event exists for that couple.

* Descendant Box and Photo Charts - Fixed Bug which would suppress printing of descendants of a second marriage when first marriage was also a descendant of the main indivdiual.

* Sources in several reports not printed correct if source included a CR/LF - Fixed.

* Photo Album - Added option to include or not include IRN.

* Box Pedigree Charts - Fixed a bug which always showed the first wife of person #1 on charts 2 and above. Now will show proper ancestor.

* Merge Databases - Fixed a couple of bugs. One would hang the computer at begining of a merge. Another would not properly reference pointers to Documents.

* GEDCOM Import - Fixed small bug on source note importing.

* CFT-Pro Version 4.x Import - bug fixed which caused loss of source notes.

* CFT-Win95 Version Auto-Backup - now asks if you want to overwrite existing backup file. During auto-backup database name and filenames were blank. This is now repaired.

* Rebuild Key Files - would lock-up computer on some rare databases. This has been fixed. Also a new feature has been added that will allow you to remove all unused events within the database. The adding of default family events also retained a bug which has been fixed.

* CFT-Win icon not correct when viewed in My Computer under Windows 95 - has been fixed.

* Source Editor - New Option allows adjusting width of beginning of record and end of record. Float cursor over name bar until you see double-headed arrow. Click mouse and drag to left or right to widen or narrow fields.

* Name Search - A single click on name would sometimes select the wrong name. This is now fixed.

* Lists (Place, Misc, Source, Document) - Dragging thumb of scroll-bar to bottom of bar would cause data to jump to top of list. This is now fixed. A merge within these lists used to cause a jump to top of list. This has also been fixed.

* Individual Editor - Bug was fixed which would not add a family event to other spouse if they currently have no other events.

* Bookmark - fixed so a double mouse click will select items.

* Marking Names - Add radio buttons to select Mark or UnMark for ancestral and descendant marking, rather than the toggle which used to be used.

* Cosmetic addition of small space added to many Lists - such as the Main Screen (death column on right), and the Place, Misc, Source, Document editor lists.

* Current FRN now shown on main screen status bar.


Improvements Version 2.09
Version 2.09 Improvements

(Updated Dec 20, 1996)

* New Date Entry Format - Incorrect saving of dates in some locations of database caused various reports to not work properly. This occurred with dates that did not have full day, month and year. This problem also caused the NameSearch not show some dates. This has now been corrected.

* Date Formatting during Edit has been completely rewritten for cleaner formatting of entered dates.

* Story Report sentences fixed for the from type date. Suppression of from when first date is omitted and suppression of to when second date omitted.

* Backup OCX Error - removed from program startup. Will only check for OCX when accessing backup and restore utilities.

* Languages Updated - Danish, Dutch, French, German, Swedish.

* Individual Edit Screen - now shows Abt, Bef, Aft, Betw, From. Foreign translations (rather than English) now used in pull down lists in date edit area.

* Main Window - Spacing adjusted so scroll bar does not cover death date.

* Statistics Report - Marriages over age 60 previously improperly calculated. Now fixed.

* Installation of fonts for Windows 95 - now properly installed in c:\windows\fonts rather than the eroneous c:\windows\font.

* Story Reports - If no marriage event report would not show children. This has been fixed.

* Indexed Book - Table of Contents would not properly page break. Now fixed.

* Marking Ancestral Branch - Bug fixed that caused improper marking.


Improvements Version 2.10
Version 2.10 Improvements

(Updated Jan 1, 1997)

* Fixed bug in Rebuild that removes leading zero (0) from a single digit day in date field.

* Added New Preview Check Box in pictures (individuals and document images) that allows the option to display or not display the image.

* Photo Album Report - fixed bug that did not show option for Large Photos.

* Main Window and Pedigree Reports - will now show abt, bef, aft, from, betw as part of date if only year is known.

* Source Editor- bug was fixed which locked up editor if accessed before any sources were in the database.

* Living Flag - fixed bug which erroneously would uncheck Living after some edits of a death or burial event.

* Story Reports - fixed bug which would occaisionally print empty events in story reports.

* Fix Relationships - minor bug fixed which would not disconnect adopted parents from an individual.

* Family Group Sheets - fixed bug which would not reference a Document used as a source. Also fixed bug that turned on the adopted footnote when husband or wife continued to second page.


Improvements Version 2.20
Version 2.20 Improvements

(Updated Feb 1, 1997)

* NEW Large Button Icons on main screen. The small icons are also still there. In the Program Configuration (Options Menu) you can now select whether you want small or large icons and whether to place them at top or bottom of main window.

* Larger Event List Option. In Database Configuration (Options Menu) you can now select to suppress the viewing of Flags in the Edit Individual Window. This allows the event list to show wider, allowing the display of the second set of dates and BC/AD if needed. Several field widths in the Event List can also now be manually adjusted with the mouse.

* Foreign Dates are now stored internally in English. New foreign users will not notice nor care. (English users never had a problem here.) Current foreign users will want to go to the Language Window and translate all month dates back to English. This change allows users to switch languages without re-translating the months. Months will then be auto-translated from the internally stored English to the language of the report choice on screen and reports.

* Auto-Sorting of Dates. There is now a new button in the Edit Individual Window that allows dates for that individual to be auto-sorted. If needed, you can re-adjust after the sort. Empty date events will be kept together with prior events that have valid dates. There is also a new Auto-Sorting Option in the Rebuild.

* Insert Child Bug is fixed. This bug would disconnect inserted children from parents during a Rebuild. It is now repaired.

* Add Child - still shows up even without a spouse. This allows you to add a child to a single parent. Internally, an FRN (marriage record) gets created when you add the first child, but entry of the spouse is now optional.

* Fix Relationships - now has new features to connect parents and adopted parents. Thus you can now connect and disconnect from both directions: parent to child and child to parent.

* New Option for display of Events in Individual Event Editor. Now the Standard Event Editor contains a new option to indicate what is displayed in the last field of the event list in the Individual Edit Window: place name, misc data or spouse name. This is now set for each type of event and can be changed by the user.

* New Sensitive Events. Without changing the data structure of the CFT-Win database, you now have the option of using the sure field as an indicator of a sensitive event. By going to the Database Configuration (Options Menu) and selecting to use this field to represent a sensitive event rather than as a sure field, you can now mark events as sensitive, allowing the suppression of these events on certain reports and GEDCOM export. See Database Configuration for more details.

* Dutch Surname Sorting. Again, a new option in the Database Configuration allows you to sort special Dutch surnames such as /van der Noot/ on the last name of the surname group. For an existing database, first switch to the Dutch Surname option and then run the Rebuild (Tools Menu). [Renamed as European Surname Sorting in Ver 2.21.]

* NEW Source Editor. Because of continuing problems here, the Source Editor was totally rewritten. Because of the nature of the source file a numeric queue is loaded prior to entering the editor - causing a short delay while loading. However, much cleaner operation is now assurred, once in the editor list window.

* Document Image Display. Display of images was not as clear as in individual photos. This has been fixed.

* Import from CFT-Pro. Dates with month with accented characters were not imported correctly. This has now been fixed.

* Accented Characters Window. Have added two characters often used in some countries: 166 and 167 (or 0170, 0176 in Ansel) :  ª º

* Rebuild fixes: BC dates used to get cleared during a rebuild. This is now fixed.

* Date Display. AD now shows only for dates less than 100 AD. Earlier it showed for dates less than 1000 AD. BC (and AD prior to 100 AD) now show on main window.

* Database Verification. BC dates were not calculated properly. This is now fixed.

* Date Calculator (and other locations). Entry of a date with a leading zero (such as 01 Jan 1990) would cause an additional zero to be added to the day (001 Jan 1990) creating an invalid date. This has now been fixed.

* NEW Language. Portuguese (Brazilian flavor) has now been added. The Swedish language has also been updated.

* Family Group Sheet Reports. Page numbering problem, with sources included, has been fixed.

* Boxed Pedigree Chart Cascading charts would often not show the husband of a wife when printed as person #1. This is now fixed.

* Story Reports. Page numbering problem, when option for New Page each person was selected, has been fixed. Also fixed a bug that would sometimes continue a person when they shouldnt have been continued.

* Database Structure Report. Ancestor Count had a bug that has been fixed. Page numbering also fixed.

* Photo Album NEW Option. Allows printing of photos to continue on same line - using less paper. Also paging problem was worked on.

* Page Length Adjustment has been added to the Page Setup Window (File Menu or Print Reports Window). Most users will leave this at the Normal setting. For those with faulty printer drivers that sometimes cause single lines to print on the even pages, you might try adjusting this - probably negative one at a time to see if the paging problem can be eliminated. (No guarantees here.)

* Relationship calculator used to only work properly up to 50 generations. It will now work up to 150 generations.

* Tree (from Main Window) would cause the wrong FRN to be displayed after accessing it from a marriage after the first. Minor bug fixed. Most people would never notice this one.

* Merge Databases source notes for individuals would not merge correctly. This has now been fixed.

* Backup OCX Error (on Win95 Version) can be eliminated by installing these two DLLs (MFC40.DLL & MSVCRT40.DLL), either into the c:\windows\system directory or into the CFT-Win directory (normally c:\cftw). You can download these files from Cumberland Family Softwares Web Site (SYSDLL2.ZIP). Check the Freeware area.


Improvements Version 2.21
Version 2.21 Improvements

(Updated Mar 1, 1997)

* Fixed Fix Relationship Popup Menu which was corrupt in v2.20.

* Corrected Large Button Help Tips to show tips in languages other than English.

* Fixed Main Window showing Christening date as a substitute for Birth and Burial as a substitute for Death.

* Dutch Surname Sort Order changed to be called European Surname Sort Order with samples in Help of Dutch, French, German, Italian and Spanish names.

* New Italian Language Added. Also updates to Dutch month (lower case month names).

* Global Search Report - spacing bewteen lines reduced and page length extended.

* Rebuild - fixed bug which wiped out bef, aft, abt in main window dates. fixed bug which inadvertantly wrote foreign language months to date fields when using a language other than English. Also corrected a bug in the Correct Living Flag which would sometimes not correct living flag properly.

* Reports - fixed a bug which occaisionally caused AD without any other date to appear in the on-screen tree and some reports, such as Ahnentafel and Descendant List Report.

* Event Editor - fixed bug which would not update story after date was entered.

* GEDCOM Import - now ignores the SURN and GIVN tags which are now commin in Family Origin GEDCOM files. There extraneous tags are used in addition to the full (more important) NAME tag. Information in the SURN and GIVN tags are extraneous and unnecessary.

* TimeLine Reports - fixed a bug which would show a vertical bar in early AD years (before 600 AD for example). Also fixed to allow showing of BC dates.

* Database Verification - fixed a bug which gave out-of-order errors for BC dates.


Improvements Version 2.22
Version 2.22 Improvements

(Updated July 1, 1997)

* Updated and New Languages: Spanish (new), Finnish (new), Danish, Norwegian, Portuguese, and Italian.

* Rebuild bug fixed introduced in Ver 2.21. Debug box with numbers appeared when checked the option to fix the Living Flag.

* Database Verification often would show no information. This has been fixed. Also a date checking bug was repaired - often encountered when full day, month and year was not included in date.

* Odd Language in Standard Event Editor occaissionally appearing when it should be in English. I think this is fixed. It never occurred on my machine but done some thigns to try to stop it from happening.

* Date Calculator Bug sometimes off by one day when calculating around February.

* Accidental Second Instance of Program will now give a more understandable error message.

* Database Merge Bug fixed - which caused events to be left out if only date appeared in event and check was left on to remove unused events.

There is still a known problem with the Database Merge. On complex databases where there may be intermarriages that dont show up all lines in both databases, there may be duplication of many people. To repair this will require a major re-write of the Merge, which will be postponed for now.

* ESC from Tree closed program - now fixed.

* Bookmark - New Delete button. Also fixed a minor bug that appeared when the key individual had multiple marriages.

* Insert Child - fixed minor bug whichwould cause child to be connected to wrong parents when key individual had multiple marriages.

* Child Order Window- name field narrowed slightly so scroll bar does not cover dates when a large number of children are displayed.

* Event Source Accented Character Button - now works.

* Title Bar - now includes Cumberland Family Tree in addition to user name and database name.

* GEDCOM Import Bug - fixed which would sometimes hang the system when ADDR (address) events were encountered.

* Indexed Book - will now pick up IRN for Key Individual in reports.

* Indexed Book, Index of Names - fixed a bug which occurred with very long names and excluding IRNs.

* Photo Album - : after name no longer shows if there is no caption for the first photo in Photo Album Report.

* Descendant Box Chart - increased size of fields for chart numbers, etc. which did not show totally in languages which required longer phrases.

* Family Group Reports - fixed bug which often showed the wrong spouse.

* Editor Windows - if note started with blank line, no * appeared on tab. This has been fixed.

* Various List Reports - such as Place, Source, Standard Events would sometimes not show list of individuals if box checked. This was due to a remaining temporary file that was corrupt. Code has been added to delete these temporary files at beginning of routines to help avoid this problem.


Improvements Version 2.23
Version 2.23 Improvements

(Updated September 20, 1997)

* Merge Databases sometimes normal dates were changed to about dates. This bug has been fixed. A similar bug was reported in CFT-Pro import. Although the error could not be duplicated a correction was made that should not allow this to happen.

* NameSearch a new Option has been added to Database Configuration that allows the NameSearch to start with the current Key Individual.

* Password Entry fixed a bug which allowed esc to gain access to a password protected database.

* Large Databases some locations such as the warning of similar names, Fix Relationships, Change by IRN, did not allow more than 5 digit IRN numbers to be entered. This has been corrected to allow 6 digits (up to 999,999) effectively a million names.

* Add Event in Individual Editor will now add an individual event to a single (unmarried) person without asking whether you wish it to be an individual or family event. Likewise a family event no longer asks which spouse if there is only one spouse.

* GEDCOM fixes - Import will left justify indented GED files to allow import of outlined type GEDCOM files. GEDCOM Ver 5.5 corrected adoption tags for Import and Export. Also added calendar types: Gregorian, Julian, Hebrew and French Republican. No other calendar types have been identified in GEDCOM Ver 5.5 and therefore Chinese, Islamic and other calendars will not be properly exported and imported via GEDCOM.

* Story Reports -Missing space in some parent event lists has been added. From type dates with missing from but included to date is properly printed. Parents are now listed for Individual Stories.

* Family Group Reports - Fixed bug that caused incorrect date to get carried over for marriages if no date was known..

* Statistics Report - now includes living individuals in the Longest Life Span Calculations. But where the report specifically shows Age of Death, living individuals are not included. Also fixed a bug which would not count those married more than 7 times.

* Six Generation Pedigree- fixed bug which did not continue the lineage of a single female parent.

* Database Structure - fixed bug which incorrectly categorized spouse and others of Key Indivdiual.

* Appendix A and B of Indexed Book - font size reduced to the same size as other reports.

* Descendant List - fixed bug which occured with a certain combination of multiple marriages and adoptions. This bug would inadvertantly tag an unadopted person as adopted.

* Family Record List - fixed bug which would not print the record of a family with a wife and no husband.

* Event List, Place List, Misc Data List, Source List - changed the date printed on these reports to allow printing of double dates from and between. Because of space limitations on these reports, however, the full date is still not shown - only the years, ie: from 1886 to 1888 even when day and month are given.

* Place Names & Misc Data - CRLF (Carriage Return, Line Feed) such as pressing the Enter Key in a Place or Misc Data field often cause unusual text especially in story reports. This can be fixed by manually editing these records (often noticed by a square box in the Edit List. A feature was added which now automatically removes all CRLF in these fields whenever edited or removed before being printed on most reports.


Improvements Version 2.24
Version 2.24 Improvements

(Updated October 18, 1997)

* INI File Renamed: Inside each database is an INI file that in the past had the same name as the database itself. For example: the SAMPLE database had a file called SAMPLE.INI. This caused problems when a database was copied from one directory to another. For example, if the SAMPLE database was copied to SAMPLE2, then the INI file stayed as SAMPLE.INI. Upon opening the SAMPLE2 database the program searched for the settings in SAMPLE2.INI which did not exist. Thus all setting were basically lost. Now the INI file is called CONFIG.INI in ALL database directories. To make the change the program will automatically rename the INI file to CONFIG.INI when any database is now opened. Thus, settings will no longer be lost when a database is copied or restored to a different directory name than initially created under. Under the change just made, the program will not only rename the proper INI, but will also search for any INI and use it, if the databasename.INI file is not found.

* Statistical Report a new feature added in Version 2.23 inadvertantly failed to check the living flag when testing for longest living person which now includes those who are still alive. This bug as been fixed.

* Story Report Bug fixed a bug which caused the story report to occaisionally carry over a single line to a subsequent page and print only one line on that page.

* Family Group Sheet corrrected this so it wuld not add the Marriage event to anyone who has already had a couple event printed.

* Indexed Book There was a remote bug in the Indexed Book feature which did not properly reset all source references for the Source List at end of book under certain conditions. From a study of the code it looks like the clear routine was not called when a Family Group Sheet was printed. This has been corrected, although there is still some uncertainty that the bug is totally eliminated.

* Marking and Unmarking Changes have been made to the Mark and Unmark Window which is used in many reports and the GEDCOM export utility. Two new options have been added. You can now mark or unmark All Living and All Deceased. Because of the number of marking features the buttons have been removed and replaced with a drop down list of marking options.

* Languages - In Version 2.23 we inadvertantly used an older language file which did not have the Spanish and Finnish languages. This has now been restored as well as updates to the Portuguese and Dutch languages.


Improvements Version 2.25
Version 2.25 Improvements

(Updated October 24, 1997)

* Story Report There had been a problem reported where the story report had been printing empty events. This only occured for a few people. In one users database the problem was traced to date fields with ASCII code 0 (nul values) which normally contain spaces (or blanks - ASCII code 32). The program has been corrected to check for both conditions, so that empty events do not print in the story reports.

* Family Records List Report has been changed to allow it to print sorted by Husband or Wife, rather than by FRN. The FRN marking list also is sorted by individual names, rather than FRN, thus more friendly to mark and create these reports.

* GEDCOM Import: The newer TAG [2 PEDI Birth] is now checked for and ignored. This is an unnecessary tag that simply indicates that the parents shown are natural or birth parents. In the past, CFT-Win would throw these tags into Note fields as unknown tags.


Improvements Version 2.26
Version 2.26 Improvements

(Updated November 26, 1997)

* Story Report There had been a problem reported where the story report had been printing empty events. This was evidently only partially fixed in version 2.25. Hopefully, this has now totally been repaired.

* New Install program This new install program was especially needed for Windows 95 users. This new program now registers the SpellCheck and ZIP-Backup OCX during program installation, rather than within the program itself. This is more in keeping with proper Windows 95 conventions and has caused improper signaling in the past from the CleanSweep program.

* GEDCOM Import: two improvements have been made: First, multiple NAME tags are no longer ignored. Now the first name is placed in the name field and other names are placed in the note field. Secondly, there is now an option which allows the import to place notes into the Misc Data field rather than the Note field. This is only useful when very short notes are given which would more likely make sense for the Misc Data field. It is highly likely that this option will be rarely used.

* GEDCOM Export: An new option has been added to exclude events for living individuals. Another request was to somehoe export to a GEDCOM file the Living Flag, but I can so no valid GEDCOM tag for this, so it has not been done.

* Language Update: Some minor corrections have been made to the French language.


Improvements Version 2.27
Version 2.27 Improvements

(Updated January 10, 1998)

* Event List and Place List Reports There was a bug that caused the reports not to be generated whenever the Include Individuals option was checked.

* Pedigree Box Charts A bug was fixed that would show a person as being their own spouse if they were Person #1 continued from a prior chart and had no spouse.

* GEDCOM Import/Export: Added a Y to the DEAT GEDCOM tag if no death date is given but the Living Flag is not on. This will preserve the Living Flag through a GEDCOM export and subsequent GEDCOM import (back into CFT-Win).

* Indexed Book Source Report: A bug was fixed here that occurred if you had more than one book. This bug showed up when going back to the first book and reprinting the source notes, which would then include all sources from all subsequent books.

* Database Structure Report: Fixed a rare bug which occurred when many unconnected segments are contained in a single database. This bug would normally cause the reporting to hang indefinately.

* Story Reports: Fixed a rare bug which would show (adopted) on parents when there was no adoption. Also fixed a source bug which failed to often print document sources on events.

* Statistics Report: Widened some description fields for verbose languages to better display text.

* New Marking Option added: When marking an Ancestral Branch you will now have the option to include the descendants of the siblings of the highlighted individual. Also fixed a bug where unmarking would not occur for All Living and All Deceased options.

* Added more context sensitive Help in the Individual and Event Editor Windows. Pressing F1 for Help now brings you to the specific information for the current Tab (General, Notes, Sources, Photos).

* New CFT-Win Standard Event: Added the E-mail Address Event. Also changed the ADDR event from a GEDCOM Standard to CFT-Win standard to avoid certain problems with differences between the way CFT-Win handles and address and the way GEDCOM expects an address.


Improvements Version 2.28
Version 2.28 Improvements

(Updated February 18, 1998)

* Installation of Fonts A change has been made in the way the included LUND fonts are installed on your system. The main purpose is to help avoid accidental deletion of all fonts on your system during a CFT-Win uninstall. During installation the LUND fonts are placed in the CFT-Win directory. Then upon first starting the program the fonts will be copied to the font directory (Win95) or system directory (Win 3.1). It may or may not be necessary to install the fonts after this, using the Control Panel - Fonts utility. (Normally, you will not have to for Windows95, but probably will need to for first installations on Windows 3.1.) If two LUND fonts show up in other Word Processors font list, then the fonts are installed and will work in CFT-Win. However, if the Lund Fonts are not recognized by CFT-Win a warning message will be issued upon program startup.

* Windows 95 OCX registration A change has been made in the way the two OCXs (Spell Check and ZIP Backup) are registered. These will now be auto-registered on your system on program startup, if they are not already registered. Thus if the need exists to obtain the additional SYSDLL files from the Web site, the files only need to be unzipped to the CFT-Win directory and the program will then auto-install when you next run the program. Hopefully, this makes it simpler. At the same time we try to avoid registering the fonts every time the program starts, as this will trigger some utilities (like Clean Sweep).

* GEDCOM Import: NEW feature allows creation of an Error Log File (For details see GED Import Help). Fixed a bug in the import that did not retain the Living Flag properly. GEDCOM import of source notes fixed to properly import accented characters. Also a new warning window has been added when attempting to import a GEDCOM into a current database to explain the consequences of importing the file. Fixed a bug that didnt allow proper importing of GED files that are not left justified.

* GEDCOM Export: GEDCOM export now shows months in dates all in CAPS. GEDCOM export also fixed to not include the words FROM or TO if the from or to date is missing. Also fixed a very rare bug which showed up in a GEDCOM file as @F######@ and was caused by a a corrupted number in the last (12th) FRN number of each spouse.

* NEW Fix Gender utility added to Edit Menu. This will switch the Genders of the Key Individual and Spouse.

* New Hispanic Surname: This option appends the mothers surname behind the fathers surname when a child is added. Check the option in the Database Configuration.

* European Surname: Fixed a bug which did not carry the entire surname over when adding a child or father.

* German Language updated.

* Individual Editor: Fixed a bug which would not retain a given name change if the name was entered then an immediate remove of an event was done. Also fixed a bug in the insert couple event which sometimes would not connect event to spouse.

* Document Report: Fixed a bug which would not print the document if the first line was blank.

* Descendant Photo Report: Fixed a bug which caused the photo of the spouse of the first person to be carried over to a subsequent chart when there was no spouse for the first person of the subsequent chart.

* Backup Error: Attempted to fix a problem in which the Backup would occasionally not overwrite an old file. This is a problem which does not occur all of the time for all people. Not certain that it has been totally fixed as the error cannot be reproduced.

* Removed the Special item from Tools Menu.

* Global Search: Fixed a bug which caused the program to abort if the search string included an accented character. Also fixed a cosmetic bug which said it was searching Misc Data when searching for event date or note. It actually works correctly. The message was simply wrong.

* User Information: Fixed a bug which would not allow the accented character button to work.

* Program Close after a minimize would not properly restore the CFT-Win window on next startup. This has been fixed.

* Story Reports removed the reference of a marriage when no spouse is given.

* Main Windows: fixed a bug which caused erroneous relationship connection when adding a spouse from the main window when the Key Individual had more than one spouse.


Improvements Version 2.29
Version 2.29 Improvements

(Updated February 20, 1998)

* Living Flag in Individual Editor Fixed this bug which was introduced in 2.28. The problem was that the living flag was always unchecked whenever you edited a person.

* Standard Events A couple of bad events were inadvertantly introduced in 2.28 which have now been removed.

* New Ver 2.28 Fix Gender Option was released in 2.28 without ability to translate in other languages. This has now been added. (Code phrase: 12200)

* Story Report: For Children with a name ending with a period (such as Jr.) and no further data, the story would show a double period (..) This has now been corrected.


Improvements Version 2.30
Version 2.30 Improvements

(Updated May 9, 1998)

* Auto Backup Error 160 now fixed!!

* LUND Font installation no longer auto-installed because of faulty installation on many machines. Now if not installed a message is generated explaining how to install them.

* GEDCOM Import Problems: 1. A level 3 PAGE tag messed up subsequent line imports. 2. Blank line sometimes add to individual notes during import. Both of these fixed.

* GEDCOM Export of a note with a blank line at top would drop the note. Now fixed.

* GEDCOM Export Full Version Number of CFT-Win (ie 2.30) now added to header record.

* Blank Individual and Event Note: A note with extra spaces or carriage returns (enter key) often shows up with an asterisk (*) indicating a note exists. Notes with only carriage returns and/or spaces will now be automatically emptied.

* Date Calculator January and February of every 400 years (the years 1200, 1600, 2000) were displayed incorrectly by one week day. This is now fixed.

* Insert Child would not include the slashes // around the surname of the child. Now fixed.

* Edit Event GEDCOM tag (ie BIRT, DEAT) now displayed in title of edit event window.

* Data Verification Bug Fixed: if blank date existed between two dates which were not in proper order the auto would not properly generate an Event out of Order warning.

* Main Window coordinates: Minimum value changed from 0,0 to -2,-2.

* New Icelandic Language Added.

* Language Updates: Dutch, German.

* Month Problem: Problem with some foreign month names such as Tou in Finish has been fixed.


Improvements Version 2.31
Version 2.31 Improvements

(Updated June 11, 1998)

* GEDCOM Import Problems: Blank line sometimes added to individual notes during import has been fixed.

* Data Verification Bug Fixed: if first event contains a blank date this would generate an improper Event out of Order warning. This has been fixed.

* Story: Option has been added to remove paragraph indentations.

* Font installation: For 32-bit version if fonts are not installed, an attempt at install will be made before generating the warning about installation.

* Language Updates: German has been restored to ver 2.29.


Improvements Version 2.32
Version 2.32 Improvements

(Updated August 15, 1998)

* Fix Relationships - Connect Parents: Used to allow entry of FRN only. Now includes NameSearch.

* Fix Relationships - Connect Spouse: Now automatically adds default couple events.

* GEDCOM Import: Fixed error which caused a female with a marriage but no husband to show the wrong person as a spouse in the Individual Editor.

* Photos: Fixed a bug that would not load the list of photos that have the read-only attribute.

* Indexed Book: Fixed a small problem which would not start the Index report page number at the right location on the second printing.

* Marking IRN: After some marking routines the display was not properly updated. This has now been corrected.

* Statistics Report: Count of desceased individuals did not include those with Living Flag unmarked and no death date. This has been corrected.

* New Language: Afrikaans by Hendrik J Bosman, Bettys Bay, South Africa.


Improvements Version 2.50
Version 2.50 Improvements

(Updated October 27, 1998)

* New Programming Environment: Upgraded to Clarion 4b from older CW2 programming environment. Not certain what effect this will have for users.

* Larger installation: Now including system DLLs that were normally downloaded from the internet. This causes installation routine to take three (3) 1.44Megabyte diskettes, rather than two as previously distributed.

* Updated language: Afrikaans.

* Place Name Report: Added new feature to reverse place names. In prior version place name report was printed with place names reversed (country, county, city). Now you have the option to print as-entered (city, county, state/country) or reversed (state/country, county, city).

* Accented characters: Entry of accented characters in place name, misc data or sources would inadvertantly cause extra partial entries in the place, misc data, or source list. This has been fixed.

* Merge and Split Databases: Corrections have been made to the way photos/images are handled during a split or merge of databases. In Split Databases no images are copied to the new database directory. Instead, the Database Configuration is made to point to the same image directory as the old database. In the Database Merge a new directory called PICS is created inside the new merged database directory. All used images from the two original databases are copied to the new PICS directory.


Hardware and DOS Requirements
Program Installation - Chapter 1. Hardware and DOS Requirements

This program requires an IBM compatible computer.  It requires Windows 3.1 or later. As long as your computer can run with Windows and 4Mb RAM minimum, this program will probably run on it. However, even with a 486 25Mhz, 8M RAM (my machine) there are parts of the program which will seem slow.

A hard drive is required. The program and associated data files together with a small database will take a minimum of about 3 megabytes of hard drive space. This is too large even for the largest floppy disk.

A minimum of 4M of RAM (Memory) is required! 8M RAM or more is suggested.

Since this is a Windows program, your printer will be supported through Windows if it works with other Windows software and you have your printer driver installed. Please refer to your printer and Windows manuals to install your printer driver.

The windows in Cumberland Family Tree generally use the System or Arial True Type font. The reports use the Lund-Sans and Lund-SansNarrow fonts which come with the program. If reports print with overlapping text, in all likelihood you are missing the Lund-Sans and/or Lund-SansNarrow fonts and you may need to re-install the program or these fonts.


Installing the Program
Program Installation - Chapter 2. Installing the Program

Insert the Cumberland Family Tree diskette number 1 in Drive A or B. From the Program Manager in Windows select the File Menu. Select the Run option and enter A:install if your diskette is in drive A:. Follow the installation process instructions. It will prompt you to change diskettes. Thats all there is to it. The program should now be installed with an icon and a group. Simply double-click the icon (as you would for any Windows program) to run Cumberland Family Tree for Windows.

WARNING! This program holds data in memory and automatically saves data as you exit the program.  DO NOT TURN OFF THE COMPUTER or RE-BOOT WHILE THE PROGRAM IS RUNNING. Data in memory may not be written to disk and unrecoverable data corruption may occur. Please backup regularly to insure against inadvertent problems such as a power failure.


Upgrading from CFT Win Version 1.xx
Program Installation - Chapter 3. Upgrading from CFT-Win Version 1

Upgrading from Cumberland Family Tree for Windows Version 1 is very easy.

1. In the old Version 1 program, run the Rebuild Key Files (on the Tools menu) for all databases to be converted.

2. Delete all files from your old Version 1 directory (normally C:\CFTW). You can do this in DOS or in Windows File Manager. But DO NOT delete any database files or sub-directories.

3. Install Version 2 as explained on the previous page.

4. When you run the program and open an existing Version 1 database, the program will automatically detect the database structure and convert it to the Version 2 file structure. For large databases this may take a while, so be prepared to wait for the conversion process.


Upgrading from CFT DOS Versions
Program Installation - Chapter 4. Upgrading from CFT DOS Versions

Upgrading is very easy with Cumberland Family Tree for Windows. Follow the steps below:

1. Keep your old CTREE 3.x or CFT-Pro 4.x program on the hard drive until the upgrade process is complete. Do not delete them or remove them from the hard drive until you are certain that you have the data moved over properly.

2. Start CFT-Win by double clicking its icon from the Program Manager.

3. Create a new database (for your old data to be transferred to) by selecting New from the File menu and entering a short (1-8 character) database name. You may also add a password to your database if you wish.

4. If you were using CFT-Pro Version 4.0 or 4.1 and had added any new standard events, you will need to also add them to CFT-Win. (If you dont know what Im talking about then you probably never added any new events in CFT-Pro.) Make certain that you enter the same exact 4 letter code into CFT-Win as you used in CFT-Pro. See the Standard Events Editor on the Tools Menu in the Reference Section of this manual.

5. Now that you have an empty database open, go to the File menu and select CFT-Pro 4.x Import or CTREE 3.x Import.

6-a. For a CTREE 3.x Database you simply enter the sub-directory name where your data resides. For example: C:\CTREE.

6-b. For a CFT-Pro 4.x Database enter the sub-directory name of the CFT-Pro Program. For example: C:\CFTREE. Then you must press TAB or click on the Databases List box for the program to read the list of CFT-Pro Databases that are available. Highlight the name of the database you wish to import.

7. Now you may press the Import Database button and wait while your old database is transferred to the new Windows program.

That should do it! You now have your old database transferred to the New Cumberland Family Tree for Windows.


Backing Up
Program Installation - Chapter 5. Backing Up

Many, many hours of work can be lost quickly with any type of computer failure. Luckily, as technology has improved hard disk failures are becoming less common. More likely is a power failure. But by far, the most common cause of data corruption is from a user turning off the computer while the program is still running. You should always exit and close all programs and even exit Windows before shutting off the power to your computer or rebooting the computer. It may be that some program problem has even locked up your computer and it does not seem to be doing anything. In Windows 3.1 you can press Ctrl-Alt-Del and usually allowed to shut down that one program without actually rebooting the entire system.

In any case, it is always safest to backup your data files regularly. Supplied with CFT-Win is a built-in compression archiver which will compress to the ZIP standard. All backup files created with the program can be accessed with PKZIP and PKUNZIP. Many people believe that saving their data on diskettes is safer than keeping data on a hard drive. However, I have experienced many diskette failures and very few hard drive failures. You may wish to make more than one diskette backup - or - you could even backup your data to another directory on your hard drive. For example, you could create a directory called C:\BACKUP and backup ALL your databases to that one directory. Since each database backup will consist of only ONE ZIP file, you could easily backup many databases to a single backup directory. (See the later section on how to operate the backup and restore utilities.)


Un-installing the Program
Program Installation - Chapter 6. Un-installing the Program

To remove CFT-Win completely from your system there are only a few things you must do:

1. Delete all files and sub-directories (database directories) within the main CFT-Win program directory.

2. Delete all files in the CFT-Win program directory and remove that directory. Steps 1 and 2 can easily be accomplished in the File Manager by highlighting the CFT-Win program directory on the left (usually called C:\CFTWIN) and pressing the Delete Key. Answer Yes to all dialogs to completely remove all files and sub-directories.

3. If you wish to delete the Lund-Sans and Lund-SansNarrow fonts, you should also run the Control Panel from Program Manager and remove these fonts.

Following all of the above steps should completely clear your system of all files related to CFT-Win. All files (except for the font files) are installed to the CFT-Win program directory. No DLLs or other files (except for the font files) ever get copied to your WINDOWS or SYSTEM directory.


Tutorial - Chapter 1. Necessary Preliminaries

A. Program Overview

B. Keeping the End Result in Mind

C. Program Structure

D. Database Structure

E. Standard Windows Conventions

F. Accented Characters


Tutorial - Chapter 2. Entering Data

Step 1. Start the Program

Step 2. Create your Database

Step 3. Set Program Configuration

Step 4. Enter User Information

Step 5. Add the First Individual

Step 6. Entering Events

Step 7. Attaching Photographs

Step 8. Create a General Note for an Individual

Step 9. Add a Spouse

Step 10. Entering Marriage Information

Step 11. Adding Children

Step 12. Correcting Information


Tutorial - Chapter 4. Printing Reports

A. Standard Report Printing

B. The Indexed Book


Tutorial - Chapter 5. Handling Unusual Relationships

A. Divorces, Common-Law Marriages and Single Parents

B. Multiple Marriages

C. Inter-Marriages

D. Adoptions


Detailed Reference - Chapter 1. The Program Frame
Detailed Reference - Chapter 1. The Main Program Dialogue

When you first start CFT-Win, you will be presented with the Main Program Dialogue. Most work will not be done until you have opened a CFT Database. However, there are a couple of utilities which must be accessed from the Main Program Dialogue with no open databases. This program is Modal, meaning that you can only open one database at a time. If you wish to work on a second database, you must first close the open database, returning to the Main Program Dialogue before opening or creating the second database.

A. New Database

B. Open Database

C. Delete Database

D. Backup Database

E. Restore Database

F. Merge Databases

G. Split Database

H. Exit


Detailed Reference - Chapter 3. The File Menu

A. Close Database

B. Clear Database

C. Page Setup

D. Printer Setup

E. Print Reports

i. Standard Report Window

ii. Print Preview

iii. Report Types

F. Indexed Book

G. ASCII Text Import

H. GEDCOM Import

I. GEDCOM Export

J. Tiny Tafel Export

K. CFT-Pro 4.x Import

L. CTREE 3.x Import


Detailed Reference - Chapter 4. The Edit Menu

A. Individual Record

i. The Name Field

ii. Flags

iii. Individual Notes

iv. Text Editor Spell Checker

v. Sources

vi. Individual Photos

B. Events Editor

i. Sure Fields

ii. Date Fields

iii. Place Fields

iv. Miscellaneous Data

v. Event Notes

vi. Sources

C. Add Individual (No Links)

D. Insert Child

E. Delete Individual

F. Merge Individuals

G. Child Order

H. Multiple Marriage Order

I. Fix Relationships

J. User Information

K. Password


Detailed Reference - Chapter 5. The Change Menu

The current Family Group shown in the Main Window can be changed by selecting an item from this menu. All of these items have short cut keys - single letter that can be pressed from the main window without accessing the Change Menu. They all also have a Button on the bottom Toolbar which can be pressed with the mouse.

A. Name Search

B. Change by Entering IRN

C. Ancestral Tree

D. Adoptions

E. Change to Other Marriage

F. Change to Spouse/ Father/ Mother

G. Change to Child


Detailed Reference - Chapter 8. The Tools Menu
Detailed Reference - Chapter 6. The Tools Menu

A. Set Bookmark

B. Goto Bookmark

C. Global Search

D. Relationship Calculator

E. Date Calculator

F. Scanned Image List

G. Name Case Change

H. Database Verification

I. Rebuild Key Files


Detailed Reference - Chapter 7. The Reports Menu
Detailed Reference - Chapter 7. The Editors Menu

A. Place Name Editor

B. Miscellaneous Data Editor

C. Source Note Editor

D. Documents Editor

E. Standard Event Editor


Detailed Reference - Chapter 9. The Options Menu
Detailed Reference - Chapter 8. The Options Menu

A. Database Configuration

B. Program Configuration

C. Language


A. Program Overview

Cumberland Family Tree for Windows is an application program for doing genealogy work.  It allows entry of individual names; events (such as birth, christening, marriage, occupation, death and burial dates and places), tying them all together automatically as a family and extended family structure.  It will print out pedigree charts, descendant charts, family group sheets, individual and marriage listings, and many other reports.

The program automatically keeps track of relationships of all individuals. This is accomplished because an individual is added by entering him or her into the existing family structure.  There is no lengthy sequence of menus to track through in order to identify someone into the family lineage.  (However, there is an option to add an individual with no tie to the family structure.  With this option you may add individuals which you suspect may be related but are unable to find the appropriate relationship. They may then be connected into the family structure at a later date when the relationship is discovered.)

Repeat typing of surnames is greatly reduced by automatically adding the father's surname to a new individual, or an individual's surname when a father is added.

Flexible, world-wide individual name entry is accomplished by allowing a surname to appear anywhere in the name. One field is provided for the name. You enter the entire name in the order as it would normally appear, bracketing the surname with slashes (//). Thus, names can still be sorted alphabetically by surname regardless of whether the surname appears at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of the name.

Examples of names:

Standard English/American:	Ira Johan LUND

Scandinavian name with appended ancestry locality name:	Johan Severin SVENDSEN Rage

Oriental (Surnames always first):	ZHENG Chooi Fong

Any place name only needs to be entered once.  Most genealogies are filled with people being born, marrying and dying in the same place, generation after generation.  Once a full place name (city, county, state/country) is entered it is assigned a place name number.  Any subsequent use of that same place name can be entered by simply entering it's number (preceded by a period) or by accessing a pop-up list of place names. Whenever a place name is requested and a number is entered, the number is immediately replaced with the name, thus assuring immediate verification of the proper place name.

Entire biographies may be created using this program and the flexible events to outline a persons life. Add any type of possible event such as birth, church ordinances, schooling, marriages, occupations, deaths and more. Then attach dates and places and notes describing the details surrounding each event.

Easy-to-use source notes can also be tied to each event, clearly documenting the source of all your research.

This program also imports and exports GEDCOM (GEnealogical Data COMmunication) files.  GEDCOM is the standard format for interchanging data between various genealogy programs. Most major genealogy programs support importing and exporting to GEDCOM files. This allows the transference of data between programs. You can also create GEDCOM files which can be submitted to the LDS Ancestral File and for LDS Temple Work.

Limitations:	As many databases as your hard drive can hold - no limit

1,000,000 Individuals per database

30 Children per marriage

12 Spouses per individual

250 events per individual or per marriage

250 photos per individual

64,000 characters per General Individual Note

32,000 characters per Event Note


B. Keeping the End Result in Mind

Keep in mind that there are several things that you may wish to accomplish with this program:

1. Create a Family History Book which will be kept by family members and treasured for generations to come.

2. Be able to use reports and other utilities of the program to assist in further research.

3. Keep a permanent database of family history information which can be added to over the years and passed on to succeeding generations. This may be accomplished by passing this programs data (or a GEDCOM file) on to other family members. It may be accomplished by submitting your data to the LDS Churchs Ancestral File (See the topic on the Ancestral File in Section 2).

4. If you are LDS, be able to generate a GEDCOM file to be used by TempleReady to submit your family for temple ordinance work.

Maybe you even have more than this in mind. You can accomplish all of the above objectives with Cumberland Family Tree for Windows. Although this program is an enormous help in this process, the end results dont happen by themselves. There is a lot of work involved in this endeavor. But before you begin if you will read this Tutorial, Section 2 on Climbing Your Family Tree, and scan through the accompanying book, The Lund Family Heritage. You will be better prepared to enter data properly. By beginning off on the right foot with reference to properly entering names, dates, places, source information, individual notes and biography information, you will save yourself much frustration later on.


C. Program Structure

As each individual is entered, he or she is automatically created and assigned an Individual Record Number (IRN).  Whenever a spouse, a marriage, or even a relationship that creates offspring is entered a Family Record Number (FRN) is automatically created and assigned.  These unique numbers help identify each individual and each family, even when there are more than one person with the same name, or more than one marriage per individual.  The IRNs and FRNs are used throughout the program and are printed on many of the reports.  You do not need to attempt to memorize these numbers as all individuals and their marriages can also be accessed by name.

After you have entered the program and have a database open, on the main window is shown one family group with a key individual at the top, his or her spouse, parents and the children of that marriage. You change the displayed family by simply clicking on the icon shown at the bottom of the screen. As you hover the cursor over these icons a short help tip will appear indicating what that icon will do. You can also change by using the Change Menu or pressing the single alpha-key as indicated on the Change Menu. You can change the key individual to be the spouse, father, mother, or one of the children.  You can also do a name search, enter the IRN or select ancestors with the Tree display.

The pull-down menus contain all options and commands needed to run the program. In addition, many of the more often used commands contain icons on the Tool Bar just below the menu line. Clicking on these icons accomplishes the same thing as selecting a menu item. To the right of some of the options are shown short-cut keys (usually the control key in combination with another letter), which make access of that option much quicker.  You do not pull down the menu before executing a short-cut key.  Simply execute the short- cut key at the main screen.


D. Database Structure

You should find the set of files installed in the main CFT-Win database (usually C:\CFTW):

32-Bit Windows 95/98/NT

CFTW32.EXE	Cumberland Family Tree program

CFTW.HLP	Cumberland Family Tree Help File

VSPELLER.HLP	Help File for Spell Checker

STDEVE.TPS	Standard Events Data File

LANGUAGE.TPS	Language Words Data File

C4RUNX.DLL	Clarion Library - © TopSpeed Corp.

C4CLAX.DLL	Clarion File driver - © TopSpeed Corp.

C4DOSX.DLL	DOS File driver - © TopSpeed Corp.

C4ASCX.DLL	ASCII File driver - © TopSpeed Corp.

C4TPSX.DLL	TopSpeed File Driver - © TopSpeed Corp.

C4OLEX.DLL	OLE/OCX Driver - © TopSpeed Corp.

VSPELL32.OCX	Spell Check OCX - © Visual Tools

VSPELL32.DLL	Spell Check DLL - © Visual Tools

XCEEDZIP.OCX	Zip OCX - © Xceed Software Inc.

XCDZIP32.DLL	Zip Library - © Xceed Software Inc.

XCDUNZ32.DLL 	UnZip Library - © Xceed Software Inc.

REGSVR32.EXE	OCX Register Program

AMERICAN.VTD	American Dictionary - © Visual Tools

CUSTOM.VTC	Custom Dictionary - edited by user

OC30.DLL	Reqd for Spellchecker OCX

MFCANS32.DLL	Reqd for Spellchecker OCX

MSVCRT20.DLL	Reqd for Spellchecker OCX

MFC40.DLL	Reqd for Backup ZIP OCX

MSVCRT40.DLL	Reqd for Backup ZIP OCX

ORDER.TXT	Order Information - used in Order Form and About

UPGRADE.TXT	Information on upgrading

UNINSTAL.EXE	Uninstall Program

UNINSTAL.CFG	Uninstall configuration file

LUNDS.TTF	Lund-Sans True Type Font

LUNDSB.TTF	Lund-Sans Bold True Type Font

LUNDSN.TTF 	Lund-SansNarrow True Type Font

LUNDSNB.TTF 	Lund-SansNarrow Bold True Type Font

The following files should already be in your c:\windows\system sub-directory (for Windows 95 and NT) otherwise the Spellchecker and/or the Backup utility will not work. If your system does not have all of these files you may obtain copies from our web site or by writing to Cumberland Family Software.

 	http://www.cf-software.com

16-Bit Windows 3.1	32-Bit Windows 95

none required	OC30.DLL	Reqd for Spellchecker OCX

MFCANS32.DLL	Reqd for Spellchecker OCX

MSVCRT20.DLL	Reqd for Spellchecker OCX

MFC40.DLL	Reqd for Backup ZIP OCX

MSVCRT40.DLL	Reqd for Backup ZIP OCX

Eventually you will notice one other file added by the program to your directory:

CFTW.INI	INI file containing saved settings and options

Whenever you create a CFT-Win database, a sub-directory with that name gets created within the main CFT-Win database. (The default directory created on program installation is C:\CFTWIN.) Inside that sub-directory, the following files will get created:

INDIVID.TPS	Individual and Marriage Information

EVENTS.TPS	Event, Place, Event Data Information

PHOTOS.TPS	Photograph Database - contains picture file names, not the actual 	photograph.

SOURCE.TPS	Source Note and Document Information

BOOKS.TPS	Indexed Books Information

You will eventually also notice an INI file created named after your database with an INI extension. This contains information about settings you make in the program. Do not delete this file.

Any photographs or scanned documents you wish to include in your database should all be copied to a single directory, such as the database directory. When a database is open, it can only access photos and scanned images that reside in the sub-directory specified in the Database Configuration. Thus, as you add these files to this sub-directory, you will eventually see files with extensions such as PCX, GIF, BMP, JPG, WMF or ICO. It is advised not to create a sub-directory within the main CFT-Win directory to use as a photo directory as all directories under the main CFT-Win directory show up as databases. It is also not advised to create a sub-directory within a database directory as such a directory would not be deleted if you deleted a database, thus creating an empty database directory.

Two suggestion for photo directories are as follows:

1. If you have few photos place them in the database directory. They will get backed up with the other database files when you do a database backup.

2. If you have many photos create a separate directory as follows. If many photos are included with the database directory it can greatly increase the size of your backup file to the point where it may not fit on a single diskette.

C:----CFTW-----------LUND

     |                     +--SMITH

    +--PHOTOS-------LUND

                           +--SMITH

The primary file INDIVID.TPS contains multiple tables such as the list of individuals and the list of marriages. These tables form the backbone of the entire database. The individual table contains a record for each individual in the database. It contains a pointer which points to the family record in the marriage table (FRN) of his/her parents. It also contains a pointer to his/her adopted parents. These pointers contain a zero (0) if a person's parents or adopted parents are not contained in the database. This record also contains a list of up to 12 pointers pointing to the family record of his/her spouses.

The marriage table contains one record for each marriage or family in the database. It contains a pointer pointing to the record number (IRN) of the husband and wife, and also a list of up to 20 pointers pointing to the children of that marriage. The diagram below illustrates these relationships:

Individual Table

		Parents	FRN for
IRN	Name	FRN	First Marriage
1.	John Smith	0	1
2.	Clara Hawkins	0	1
3.	Robert Smith	1	0
4.	Susan Smith	1	0

Marriage Table

FRN	Husband	Wife	Child IRN	Child IRN
1.	1	2	3	4

For each event (birth, death, marriage, occupation, etc.) that you add to an individual a record will be created in the main events table of the EVENTS.TPS file. The events table contains a sure and a date field. It also contains a pointer (not a name) for place names, event data and sources. These pointers point to a record in the place table (within the EVENTS.TPS file), event data table (also within the EVENTS.TPS file), and the source table (within SOURCES.TPS).

These are the basics of the CFT-Win database.  Most of the other tables and files contain either an IRN or FRN pointer to indicate which individual or marriage a particular record in those files is associated with.


E. Standard Windows Conventions

This program uses standard Windows conventions. This means that you use the TAB key to move between fields on any given screen. You use the ENTER key (if button has a dark border) to push a button or a click of the mouse. Use the ESC key to close or back out of an operation. A double-click usually selects an item from a list. Pressing the Ok button will save changes. Pressing the Cancel button will avoid saving any changes. In CFT-Win, where there are no Ok and Cancel buttons, but only a Close button, data will be automatically saved whether you press the Close button or press Esc.

A very useful feature to remember is that ALL fields (not just in CFT-Win but in all Windows programs) can be cut, copied and pasted, even though they may not show that as an option. The text editor in CFT-Win specifically shows cut, copy and paste functions in the menu and toolbar. However, you can cut, copy an paste in all fields by using the standard Windows short-cut keys which are:

Cut (delete):	Ctrl-X

Copy	Ctrl-C

Paste	Ctrl-V (or Insert in Windows 95)

Simply highlight the text you wish to cut or copy. Then press Ctrl-C or Ctrl-X. The highlighted text will be copied to the internal Windows Clipboard and can then be pasted to any other field in any windows program. This feature would allow you to do many things, like copy identical photo captions to various individuals, or text from one note field to another. You do not need to use this method for copying places, misc data or sources as these all can be selected from the selection lists. (See place, miscellaneous data and source note explanations in the Detailed Reference Section.)

Most Window users rely heavily on the mouse. However, as you become more adept, you will likely discover that most - if not all - operations can be accomplished much quicker using the keyboard. I have paid close attention to make certain that ALL operations in this program can be accomplished using the keyboard only. Therefore, you can (if you wish) use this entire program without even touching your mouse.


F. Accented Characters

With Cumberland Family Tree you may enter any accented characters supported by most standard Window fonts. These include most all Western European languages. Certain characters used in Eastern Europe or other non-Roman characters are not currently supported.

There are several ways to enter accented or foreign characters into Cumberland Family Tree.

1. Some computers and/or keyboards sold in countries outside the United States have been set up already to allow quick and easy entering of certain characters normally used in your official language.

2. You can enter any character in any field by holding down the Alt key and entering the character code on the numeric keypad. After entering the 4-digit code let up the Alt key and the appropriate character will appear. To find the character code for various accented or foreign characters look for the Character Map Icon in Program Manager. It lists all characters of all installed fonts for you and you can view the character code in the lower right corner for the highlighted character.

3. Built-in to Cumberland Family Tree is an Accented Character Selection Window. Most fields in Cumberland Family Tree can access the Accented Character Selection Window, simply by pressing Ctrl+A. Several screens will have an icon (as shown above) which can be used instead of pressing Ctrl+A

When accessing the Accented Character Selection Window any characters selected will be entered at the current cursor position in the current field. You may enter multiple characters by pressing the Insert Character button. Press Ok to copy those characters to the edited field or Cancel to simply return to your editing. The last character hilighted (and used) in the Accented Character Selection Window will be hilighted when you next access the window. This will help those who constantly use the same accented character again and again.


Step 1. Start the Program

Start the program by double-clicking the CFT-Win icon from Program Manager.

Step 2. Create your Database

Press the New button from the File Menu and enter a new database name (1-8 characters). A sub-directory by that name will be created on your hard drive inside of the CFT-Win sub-directory. The main CFT-Win window will appear.


Step 3. Set Program Configuration

Before entering any information you should first set the options in the Database Configuration and Program Configuration under the Options Menu.

Database Configuration Options

1. Events: When you first create a database the following events will be set: 4 Individual Events - Birth, Christening, Death and Burial; and 1 Family Event - Marriage. You may add or delete standard events to these two lists. Whenever a new individual is added to the database the events indicated here will automatically be added to that person.

Note on Christening and Baptism: Although a christening and a baptism are basically the same thing, in typical genealogical terms a christening is an infant baptism that would occur shortly after a childs birth and could be used as a substitute for birth in case of no birth date being known. A baptism would be used for a child or adult which could not be used as a birth date substitute. In various reports and on screen in CFT-Win, a christening date is automatically used as a birth date substitute when no birth date is found. A baptism date will not be used as a birth date substitute.

2. Flags: The fixed flag called Living is checked. When the Living flag is unchecked this indicates that someone is no longer living even though a death or burial date is not known. Whenever a death or burial date is entered for an individual, this flag will automatically be unchecked. In this Window, the setting on the flags indicate what the value will be whenever you add a new individual. If you are working for a time on living family members, you may wish to check the Living flag here. When you switch to working on deceased family members, you should uncheck the Living flag. Of course, you can change these flags with each individual, but if it is set here, you wont have to change it for every one you add.

3. Other: Three options are set under this tab: the image sub-directory, the filename and location for an automatic backup, and the Name Search Display. It is suggested that the Name Search Display be left at Birth Place for now. The default image directory is the same as the database directory, however, to avoid creating large backup files it is suggested that you create a separate directory for scanned images.

Program Configuration Options

1. Auto Open: If you will be working on this particular database for some time, you may wish to select the database name in the auto open on startup field. By doing this the program will immediately by-pass the Main Program Dialogue and automatically open the indicated database whenever you start the program.

2. Date Entry Format: There are two possibilities for the date entry format: DD/MM/YYYY and MM/DD/YYYY. If you are in the U.S. you will likely select the second option as that is how we normally enter date information. In other countries you may wish to select the first format. Regardless of the case, the automatic date formatter will convert all dates entered into standard genealogical dates: DD MMM YYYY. For example: if you have the first option selected (DD/MM/YYYY) and you enter the date 2/11/1994 into a date field the date will be converted to 02 Nov 1994. If you had the second option selected, the date would be converted to 11 Feb 1994. If you encounter a non-standard date such as Christmas Day 1865, you should enter the year 1865 in the date field. You may also enter 25 Dec 1865 if you wish. But in the notes for that event I would definately state that the date was given in the records as Christmas Day 1865.


Step 4. Enter User Information

Select User Information from the Edit Menu. Here you enter your name, address and phone number. Also enter a title for your database, such as The Lund Family History. When you exit  this window, you will notice that your title and name will appear in the title bar at the top of the window.

Step 5. Add the First Individual

You are now ready to begin adding information. To add your first individual (usually yourself) simply press enter (or double click) at the main screen while the cursor is at the prompt which says "---Add-Individual---'.  You must realize that it really doesn't matter whether you start with yourself or some ancestor or descendant since you can build the tree backwards, forwards or sideways.  You can always add descendants or ancestors of the first individual.

When the individual edit window opens, you will need to select the sex: Male, Female or Unknown. (If you select Unknown, you will be unable to attach a spouse to that person.) Enter the persons full name in the order naturally used in the country of origin. Usually the name should be the birth, maiden or original name. Also remember to put slash marks "/" around the surname. This allows the program to search and sort by surname, regardless of the location of the surname. The brackets will not appear in any reports or otherwise, except in the individual editor. If you wish you may also capitalize the surname as this is also a normal procedure for some genealogists. Some examples of valid names are:

Ira Johan /LUND/

Johan Severin /SVENDSEN/ Rage

/ZHENG/ Chooi Fong

Robert John Luke /SMITH-BROWN/, III

Dr. Joseph Howard /DUNSWORTH/, M.D.

You will notice that as soon as you press the tab key after entering the name, a soundex number will be shown. This is a special number based on the surname used by some census and research locations. See The Soundex System in the section on Climbing Your Family Tree later in this manual.

You will also notice that the first given name is carried down to the Given Name field. This field is provided to make the Story reports more readable. Rather than showing the full name all the time, this given name will be used in the story. However, people dont always go by their first given name. Some go by their middle name or some other nickname. You may enter that name in this field to be used in the story reports. You might wish to generate a sample Ancestral Story or Descendant Story Report to see how this is used.


Step 6. Entering Events

If you have set up the default individual events (as explained above in Step 3) then you will already have the default events showing up in the event list. To edit an event simply double-click the event or press ENTER while pointing at that event. This will bring up the event window.

There are a number of fields on this screen. They are discussed in more detail in the Detailed Reference section of this manual. For a typical event, such as a birth, you should enter the date, place and a source note, by typing the information into the respective fields. You will notice the Story being constructed as you enter each piece of information. Events without any information will not be printed on some reports, etc.

You should enter dates with the standard DD MMM YYYY format so as to not cause confusion.  You may, however, enter dates in the format you chose in the Program Configuration Window and the program will automatically convert the date to the standard DD MMM YYYY format.

You should now enter the place of the event.  This field can actually be up to 200 characters long. If the place name entered is longer than the field length on screen, it will automatically scroll to the right allowing you to enter a longer name.  The standard place name should be city, county, state or city, county, country. Valid examples are below. You may also wish to leave out spaces after the commas to conserve space for some reports.

Preston, Franklin, Idaho

Stavanger, Rogaland, Norway

You may also include other names if you wish.  For example some people may wish to include the cemetery name of a burial or the name of the church where a particular event such as a baptism occurs.  You may enter that also.

St. John's Church, High Street, Malvern, Worcs., England

City Cemetery, Clarksville, Montgomery, Tennessee

For the more advanced features of adding and deleting events for each individual see the chapter on the Individual Editor in the Detailed Reference Section of this manual.

If you wish to attach biographical information to that event, select the Notes tab. This will take you to the Text Editor, where you may enter a large amount of information about that event. If you make certain that you press TAB at the beginning of each paragraph and do not leave spaces between them, then it will be formatted to flow within the story reports in a proper manner.

Press the Close button to exit out of these windows.


Step 7. Attaching Photographs

To attach a photograph to an individual, you must first convert your photographs into electronic form using a scanner. This can be tricky. There are many formats to choose from: PCX, BMP, GIF, etc. CFT-Win will allow you to attach images (either as photographs or as scanned documented) in any of the following formats: PCX, BMP, GIF, JPG, WMF or ICO. You will need to read your scanner manual on how to convert your photos to one of these formats. There are many variables that will eventually control the quality of your final pictures. Screen and printer resolution is one. Sometimes a good quality printed image may not look so good on screen. A high resolution laser printer (600 dpi or more) will produce much better quality photographs than a dot matrix printer. Scanned images can consume a lot of space. For example, I have almost 100 images in my database and they take up over 14 megabytes of space. They could easily take even more than that if I had saved them in a higher resolution.

In my experimentation with an HP Deskscan, scanning at 150 dpi produced the best printed output. Setting the size of photos to 1¾ inch high (documents to about 6 inches high) with a PCX format will produce the best trade off between quality and file size. Set photos to 3 inches high if you intend to use the Large Photos setting in the Photo Album Report.

If you do not own a scanner you may send your photographs to Cumberland Family Software and have them create image files for you. Unless regular size images are specified, all photos will be scanned to 3 inches high (PCX format), producing 100-120K files on average. If detailed instructions are included for cropping then we will crop the photos for you. When compressed, this will allow about 16-24 photos to be included on one 1.44M High Density 3.5 inch disk. Prices for scanning photos are listed below:

(A $16 order minimum is required - diskettes are included)

1-24 photos 	$1.60 each

25-49 photos 	$1.40 each

50-99 photos 	$1.20 each

100+ photos   	$1.00 each

Please add $4 postage to the entire order (for US/Canada)

(outside US/Canada add $7 postage).

Cumberland Family Software

385 Idaho Springs Road

Clarksville, TN 37043

E-mail: ira.lund@cf-software.com

Next you will need to make certain that you copy your image files into your photo sub-directory using File Manager or the copy command in DOS. Now youre ready to attach some photographs to your database.

The Photo Window is one of the Tabs you can access while editing an individual. On the left of the Photo Window, you will see a list of available images - those that you currently have in your database directory. As you highlight each file name in the list, the actual image will be displayed at the bottom. Press the Select button to use that image as a photo for this individual. You will then see that image filename appear under the Selected Photos list and a larger image of the photograph appear on the right. You can now add a caption describing this photo. You may add up to 250 photos to each individual, but the first photo is the most important one. It is the photo that will be used in the Photo Pedigree, Photo Descendants and Photo Family Group Charts. The other photos will appear when a Photo Album Report is printed.

(See Individual Photos later in this manual for more detailed instructions on scanning and printing images.)


Step 8. Create a General Note for an Individual

With CFT-Win you will usually not enter a General Note. Most of the biographical information on each individual should be attached as notes to each event in a persons life. However, you may  select the Notes tab from the Individual Editor to add some general notes to an individual. When printing story reports, all general notes will appear at the very end of the story.


Step 9. Add a Spouse

Once you have entered one individual and have escaped back to the main screen, you will see that three other options have appeared: add a spouse, add a father and add a mother. Adding more individuals is as simple as pointing to that option and pressing the enter/return key (or double clicking with the mouse).  Add the spouse information the same way you added information for the first individual as explained above.

Step 10. Entering Marriage Information

Whenever a new marriage is created by adding a spouse to an existing individual, the default marriage events will also be added. A marriage/family event will show up in both spouses list of events. Any change you make under the husbands event will also be reflected in the wifes event and vise versa.

With Cumberland Family Tree you can include up to 12 marriages per individual. To add more than one marriage to an individual refer to the "Change to Other Marriage" option in the Chapter on Changing the Key Individual in the Detailed Reference Section of this manual.


Step 11. Adding Children

Once you have added a spouse to the first individual you will also see another option appear -Add a Child.  You may now add more individuals as you see fit. Simply point to the individual that you wish to add and press the enter/return key or double click that line.

To add more than just the spouse, parents or child you must bring up a new "Key" Individual. You can change the key individual by selecting an option from the Change Menu, pressing the single key as shown to the right of the items in the Change Menu, or clicking on the appropriate button in the bottom toolbar. For example, you now wish to add the grandparents of the first individual.  Simple press "F" to make the father the key individual.  When the screen is updated, you will see that the father of the first individual is now the key individual, the mother is now the spouse and the old key individual is now shown as a child. Now  you may add the parents or brothers and sisters of first individual. Adding more individuals is as simple as using the buttons at the bottom of the main screen to move around your family structure as desired.


Step 12. Correcting Information

If you ever make a mistake in entering an individual's information, simply point to that individual from the main screen and press enter to call up the Individual Edit Screen (or double click the appropriate person with the mouse). Simply correct the incorrect information.

If you make a mistake in a relationship such as adding an individual to the wrong family, you can easily correct this with the Fix Relationship options on the Edit menu. The Fix Relationship option allows you to disconnect individuals from the current family without deleting those individuals from the database. It will also allow you to connect people together who are already in the database. For example, suppose that you have two cousins who marry each other, but both of them are already in the database. If you simply add a spouse to one individual you would end up creating a duplicate individual.  With the Fix Relationship option you can attach a spouse to the current key individual. Refer to the Detailed Reference Section of this manual for a full explanation of how to use this feature. There are also some useful tips in the section called Unusual Relationships

As you become more familiar with the program you will use the Place Editor, the Misc Data Editor and the Source Editor on the Tools Menu to correct other errors. See the appropriate section in the Detailed Reference section for a full explanation.


Tutorial - Chapter 3. Summary of Special Features

There are a host of special features included with Cumberland Family Tree which are fully explained in the Detailed Reference Section of this manual. Let me quickly outline what they are so that you are aware of the program's capabilities. As you find that you are in need of them you can then learn more about them.

1. Adoptions.  With Cumberland Family Tree you can trace both natural parentage and adopted parents.  All of it is handled through the Adoption item found on the Change Menu (and on the bottom toolbar). Once you understand how the option works you will find it very easy to create adopted parents.

2. GEDCOM Import and Export.  GEDCOM stands for GEnealogical Data COMmunications. GEDCOM has become a genealogical industry standard method of transferring genealogical data. Most major genealogy programs implement a GEDCOM import and export feature.  Most professional genealogists will always recommend that you never purchase a program that does not have this capability as you may one day discover another program which has better features than your current program and you could then easily transfer the data to the new program without the drudgery of re-entering all of the data.

3. Tiny Tafel Export.  A Tiny Tafel file is a small ASCII file that is uploaded to Electronic BBSs. Using a Tiny Tafel file created by you, others may discover that they are researching the same lines and are able to contact you for further information. This handy little tool can be helpful in finding others researching the same family lines.

4. ASCII Text Import. With Windows all it takes is an Alt-Tab to switch over to your Word Processor, select a piece of text and copy it into an individual note, event note or document in CFT-Win. In addition you can easily import an ASCII text file to be pasted into your database. This will save much re-typing if you already have the data on your computer in another application.

5. Relationship Calculator.  With the Relationship Calculator you can select any two individuals in the database and the calculator will tell you their relationship, if it exists. The calculator will only tell you the relationship of blood relatives. It will not tell you the relationship of in-laws or relations to in-laws.

6. Ordering Children and Multiple Marriages.  With these features you can rearrange the order of children or marriages so that they appear in their correct chronological order.

7. Fix Relationships.  This handy option can seem confusing to the beginner, but once you master it, you will discover it to be very useful. With this option, you can link and unlink relationships. This is handy for cases where you do not wish to add a child, spouse or parent because that person already exists in the database. You use the Fix Relationship option to connect these people together.

8. Bookmarks.  In CFT-Win you can set up to 10 bookmarks indicating the key individual that you may have been last working on. It will then be easy to quickly jump to that location in the database when you come back to it at a later time.

9. Date Calculator.  The Date Calculator can be used inside the Event Editor Window as well as be accessed from the Tools Menu. This handy tool allows you to enter two dates and calculate the years, months and days between them. Alternatively it can also calculate an earlier or later date given one date and the time span. Two small perpetual calendars will also be visible for the dates entered. These dates may be copied to an event field if you accessed the Calculator from the Event Editor.

10. Database Verification. This tool will run a test on your database checking for reasonableness among dates such as birth, christening, marriage, death and burial. It will look for errors in the database and produce a report of possible problems.

11. Name Case Change. This handy tool will change the case of all names in the database based on your criteria: all upper or lower case or proper case (first letters capitalized). You may do this for all names, surnames only, names preceding and/or names following the surname.

12. Place Name, Miscellaneous Data, Source Editors. These editors allow you to add, edit or delete from the list of place names, miscellaneous data or source notes.

13. Document Editor. This powerful editor allows you to enter typed text such as the entire transcript of an important source document, or even add a scanned image. These documents can be used as stand-alone text documents, such as a personal letter, or tied into an event as a source reference.

14. Languages. This option allows you to print reports and show menu items in languages other than English. You may also set up and translate words and phrases for other languages which are not yet included.

15. Global Search. This powerful search option allows you to search for words or phrases within any field of your database: names, places, sources, notes, etc.

16. Backup and Restore. The new backup and restore option will save your database to a single compressed file in the industry standard ZIP format. These ZIP files can be accessed using any other ZIP compression program such as PKUNZIP.


A. Standard Report Printing

There are a multitude of printed reports available. Rather than repeating here what is already included in the Detailed Reference Section of this manual allow me to simply outline some of the features and types of reports available. I would suggest that you go ahead and attempt to create some reports and view them on screen with the Preview button. Print them out to see what they look like. Experimentation is the best way to discover the capabilities and features of the program.

All of the reports are generated in a very similar manner. For many reports you will first select the individual or records to be included in the report.  Usually this is done by pressing the NameSearch Button or the List Button. Then you may print the report directly to the printer by pressing the Print Button, or use the Preview Button to view the report on screen. Since this is a Windows program, your reports will be sent to the Windows Print Manager. You should already have your printer driver installed in Windows.

There is a very wide variety of reports available. There are many ancestral type reports. These show the ancestors of a given individual. The descendant type reports show the descendants of a given individual. There are several types of Individual Listings as well as listings for family records, places, descriptions, source notes. There are Story Type reports and Photo Reports. There are Time Lines and a large number of miscellaneous reports. Refer to the companion book The Lund Family Heritage for complete printouts and samples of the various reports that can be generated by CFT-Win.

Reports


B. The Indexed Book

The indexed book feature of Cumberland Family Tree is a powerful and unique feature not found in other genealogy programs.  With it, you can create an entire book containing any or all of the above mentioned reports in any order you wish. The pages will be numbered consecutively and the best feature of all is that all names will be included in an index at the end showing the name of each chart that they appear on and the page number. You may also include sources and a bibliography.

The details on how to create your very own unique Family History book are included in the Detailed Reference Section. The best way to become familiar with the capabilities of this option is to peruse the accompanying sample Indexed Book The Lund Family Heritage.

Indexed Book Details


A. Divorces, Common-Law Marriages and Single Parents

Regardless of how unusual any relationship seems, there is always one fact that cannot change.  Every individual ALWAYS has a natural mother and a natural father. A person's parents may have never been married. They may not be living with their natural parents. They may have been adopted by a step-parent or a totally different set of parents. They may not even know who their father or mother is. But regardless of the arrangement, they have a natural father and mother.

I would suggest that you always include a persons natural father and mother as the parents in the CFT database. Since CFT-Win allows you to include a wide variety of events, you can include such events as Lived Together, or Not Married rather than the Marriage Event for such cases. It would also be a good idea to attach a note to that event explaining the details of the situation.

I would always include all marriages, even those that end in divorce. With CFT you can add a DIV (divorce) event. Then add further marriages with the "O" (Other Marriages) option at the bottom of the Main Screen.

Following the above suggestion, you will always be able to take care of such things as marriages that end in divorce, common law marriages, and single parents. If you have a single mother and do not know the father, you can leave a question mark in the father's name field, and some explanation in the event notes.


B. Multiple Marriages

In CFT-Win you can have up to 12 marriages per individual. Simply add the first spouse as you normally would from the main screen. To add further marriages, press "O" for "Other Marriages" (as shown at the bottom of the screen).  This screen will allow you to add further marriages to the Key Individual. It's as simple as that. If the marriages are not in the correct order, then (at any time) you can go to the Edit Menu and change the order of the marriages with the "Multiple Marriage Order" option.


C. Inter-Marriages

It is not that unusual for cousins to sometimes marry one another. Even with a common ancestor, sometimes the cousins are not even in the same generation. But these relationships can also be easily handled by CFT-Win. Below are two diagrams illustrating two possible inter-marriage relationships; one where first cousins marry and one where the marriage occurs between individuals who are not of the same generation.  You handle both cases almost identically in CFT-Win.

There are actually several different ways you can handle this situation. Let me describe two methods.

For the first method, let us suppose that you are a descendant of Marty (or Gary in the First Cousin example) and Patricia and that you began by entering yourself and were working backwards toward your ancestors. So you add yourself, Marty, and Marty's wife, Patricia. Then you begin adding Marty's parents and grandparents and so on, until you have finally entered George and Edna. (This works the same with either example.) Now you go back and enter Patricia's parents, Fred and Susan. Now as you are ready to enter Fred's parents, you realize that they are already in the database and that Fred is a brother to Bill, who is also already in the database. Simply make George or Edna the key individual. From the Edit Menu select Fix Relationship and then Connect a Child. Either enter Freds IRN or select him from the Name Search. Thats how easy it is! You will immediately see Fred now tied into the family, as a brother to Bill, and George and Edna as parents. That's all there is to it. The connections have now been made.

For the second method, let us suppose that you were working from the top down, starting with George and Edna. You have entered their descendants, including both Marty and Patricia as children of their respective parents. Now you realize that even though Marty and Patricia are both in the database, you need to "get them married" somehow. If you put one of them as the Key Individual and then "Add Spouse" from the main screen, you will end up adding a new record - a duplicate of the other person. You do not want to do this. Again, you handle this by going to the Fix Relationships option under the Edit Menu. Select Add Spouse. Either enter the IRN of the spouse or select from the Name Search. Thats all there is to it! Again, the connections have now been made and you can return to the main screen to begin entering Marty and Patricia's children.


D. Adoptions

Even though there are specific instructions on creating adoptions in the Detailed Reference Section of this manual, many people have questions about how to handle certain types of adoptions. When a child has a distinct set of natural parents and a totally different set of adopted parents the method of handling the adoption is reasonably straight forward. Follow the instructions given in the detailed section of the manual.

However, it often occurs that a child is born out of wedlock, then later adopted by a step-father. This is how I would handle the situation: Let's suppose that Anne and Bert have a child out of wedlock by the name of Alexander. Later, Anne marries Frank who then adopts Alexander.

First, I would create a marriage showing Anne and Bert, creating the event Not Married with some explanation in the event notes. Add Alexander as a child to this couple. Next, select "Other Marriages" while Anne is the Key Individual.  Add a second marriage for Anne and Frank.

Now connect Alexander as an adopted child of the marriage between Anne and Frank. Because everyone concerned is already in the database, you must use the Fix Relationship option under the Edit Menu. With Anne or Frank as the key individual, select Connect an Adopted Child under the Fix Relationship option. Either enter Alexanders IRN or select him from the Name Search. Thats it! You will now see all of the proper connections and relationships.

Change Menu - Adoptions


Chapter 6. A Real Life Users Explanation

The following is a transcript of an e-mail message post to the CFT-Win Discussion Group  by Ian Fettes, an avid CFT-Win user, trying to help explain the process he went through entering his genealogy into CFT-Win. It is provided here as a help to others who may profit from his excellent instructions. (It is used here with his permission.)

_______________________________________

Sb: Family Relationships

Fm: "FETTES, Ian D" > INTERNET:FettesI@bne.cmpsf.com.au

To: Ira J. Lund [70713,3476]

I have a fairly good understanding of the problems you are having with the entry of details into the system.  The first thing I would suggest is that you read the manual a couple more times, and refer to the on-line help if things get sticky, as Ira has explained things very well.

That said, it may also help you to get another users perspective on the concept and the operation of the database.  Bear with me, and I will explain how I visualise the way it all hangs together.

One of the basic things involved in the GEDCOM based (and I guess many other) genealogical record systems, is the concept of a family triplet. The triplet consists of the father, mother and child.  This is a natural grouping of related people which flows through the operation of the program.  Obviously, when more than one child belongs to the parents, it makes sense to group the larger family together as a unit.  CFTW does this by extending the triplet Family record to cover the additional children.

The actual method adopted for data entry is very dependant of the type of information available for entry.  Where the information to be entered is already grouped in a logical sequence, it helps to follow the flow of that data.  In other cases the information may be in smaller sections, such as with the addition of new data from a marriage certificate.  The important thing is to enter in a logical and consistent manner, rather than use a hit-and-miss approach.

Data entry for a fully related family can flow from a single individual in both the ancestral and descendant directions.  This is the area of operation of the program where unstructured data entry can get a bit messy.  I find it easier to first enter ancestral information for complete sequences, and then to add in additional marriages and children.

From the Key individual I enter both the Father and Mother, then change the Key to the Father and enter his Father and Mother, etc.  When I reach the end of the ancestral sequence, I move back down the "tree" to the next incomplete level, where I enter information again in the ancestral direction.

At some point I find that I have a number of children to add in the Descendant direction, and I do this from a complete Mother/Father pair.  I add directly at the Add-Child entry line.  If following entry I get prompted with the Warning box for possible duplications, I carefully review whether I have previously entered the person.  I also check that the other entry does not have parents, by using the Name Search and review the status shown there.  If the new entry is a real duplicate, I immediately delete it (assuming that the earlier one had all the relevant details entered correctly), and then use the Connect a Child facility to link it to the Family [Fix Relationship on Edit Menu].  If I have separately entered a Child without parents, I also use the Connect a Child to link them with one of the parents selected as the Key individual.

The other procedure I follow is with the addition of Spouses and the method of attaching them.  This is an area where users often create blank Individuals and Family records without realising it.  If I wish to add a Spouse where that person is already in the database, I use the Connect a Spouse facility [Fix Relationships on Edit Menu] to link the pair into a new Family record with a single parent selected as the Key individual.  One important aspect of this connection is the direction of the linkage when one of the parents already has an attached child.  For example, if I have the situation where data has been entered so that I have only a Father and a Child, and wish to connect a Mother, the Mother must be connected to the Father/Child.  If I connect the Father/Child to the Mother it will create an additional Family record which is not wanted.

If I have the situation where I have both Father/Child and Mother/Child pairs that are of the same Family unit, I join them by first disconnecting a child from one of the pairs and reconnecting it to the other with a child.  I then Connect a Spouse for the now single individual to the parent with the children.  The method avoids the creation of extra marriage records.

Selection of the marriage to display with the Other Marriages facility can also have some undesirable effects.  It is easy to make a mistake here by activating the Add-Marriage entry instead of selecting a particular marriage.  If a new entry is generated, be aware that it creates both a blank Individual as well as a blank Family record.  The blank Individual can be directly deleted, but the blank Family record must be re-selected through the Other Marriage facility and Deleted there.

Of course, a quite valid spouse and Family record can be entered through the Other Marriages facility, and I use this to complete data entry in a later entry session when further information comes to hand.

I hope that these (now lengthly) comments give you a bit of extra assistance in working with the program.  I have entered about 7000 individuals into my databases now, and it was only the first 1000 that gave me trouble <GRIN>.

Regards

Ian Fettes

Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Distribution:

To: "CFT-WIN discussion & support list" > INTERNET:CFT-WIN@RMGATE.POP.INDIANA.EDU


Main Program Dialogue: New Database
A. Main Program Dialogue: New Database

This option allows you to create a new database for entering your family history information. When a new database is created, a sub-directory is created within the main CFT-Win program directory. Then all of the required data files will be generated. All files pertaining to this particular database will be contained within the created sub-directory. You will also be presented with the option of adding a password to your database to prevent others from getting into your family history database. Do NOT forget your password. If you leave the password field blank, then no password will be required to open your database.


Main Program Dialogue: Open Database
B. Main Program Dialogue: Open Database

Use this option to open an existing database as shown in the list of databases. It is advised that you do not create other sub-directories within the CFT-Win directory as they will show up as CFT databases. You cannot open a listed database that is a directory you created (and does not have valid database files). If your database is password protected you will be presented with a window requesting the password before you will be allowed to open the database.


Main Program Dialogue: Delete Database
C. Main Program Dialogue: Delete Database

With this option, you can delete entire databases. Deleting a database will erase ALL files within the database sub-directory, including any image files or other files you may have added to that sub-directory. After erasing the files, the database sub-directory will then be removed. Be very careful when using this option. There is no way to recover your data once you have deleted a database in this fashion.


Main Program Dialogue: Backup Database
D. Main Program Dialogue: Backup Database

Highlight the database to be backed up and press the Backup button. You will be able to select the drive, directory and filename to backup the database to.  Press the Backup  to start the backup process. ALL files in the database directory will be compressed and copied to the specified file. The backup files created are standard ZIP files and may be accessed using other popular ZIP compression and decompression programs such as PKUNZIP.


Main Program Dialogue: Restore Database
E. Main Program Dialogue: Restore Database

You may restore a previous ZIPped (backed up) database using this option. If the entered database name is a current database you will be asked whether you wish to overwrite files. A sub-directory with the name of the Database to restore will be created (if it does not exist) and ALL files in the ZIP file will be decompressed and copied to that sub-directory. Since the restore utility decompresses standard ZIP files, you could actually decompress a ZIP file which is NOT a CFT-Win database. If you do this you will not be able to open the database.


Main Program Dialogue: Merge Databases
F. Main Program Dialogue: Merge Databases

This is a powerful tool to use in merging two different databases. Suppose that you have a relative that is also working on your family history. If both of you are using CFT-Win, you can use this option to merge your database and your relatives to create one larger database. However, there are many complexities involved in merging two databases and you should not do a merge without some forethought.

There are two cases which will come up in a database merge: individuals who are contained in both databases and individuals who are unique to the respective databases. If you tried to merge two databases by doing a GEDCOM import of one database into an existing database, you would end up with duplicate individuals for those individuals contained in both databases. So you probably never want to import a GEDCOM file to an existing database except under rare occasions. With a GEDCOM import/merge you also have the problem of creating the appropriate links between the two databases. For example, suppose one database contains the paternal ancestors of  a given individual and the other database contains the maternal ancestors of the same individual. A good merge function should not duplicate the common individual, but it should be able to link the appropriate maternal and paternal ancestral lines. This can be complicated to do if you were trying to make all these connections properly after a GEDCOM import. The Merge Database option in CFT-Win helps make the merging process easier.

When using the Merge Databases option, a third database will be created. The two original databases will not be changed.

Even after overcoming the problems explained above, a Merge Database function then has to decide how to handle differences in data between the common individuals of the two databases. The following rules are used by the CFT-Win Database Merge option:

1. If the two names of a common individual are different, the name in the first database overrides the second.

2. If the names of spouses do not match, the program will stop and ask you to match up the names. They may be two different individuals, or they may be the same. You must tell the computer which case this is. Therefore, if there are many names which do not match in the two databases, it may take some time responding to the computers requests to match the individuals. Again, if you match up two individuals with similar (but different names) indicating that they are the same person, the name in the first database overrides the name in the second.

When matching names, make certain that individuals who are identical line up on the same row. Also make certain that unique individuals do NOT line up on the same row with people from the other database. These rules are true for matching of spouses and matching of children.

An example of matching children:

Smith, Fred Allen
Smith, Arnold Albert	Smith, Arnold
Smith, Ellen Brown
Smith, Priscilla A	Smith, P.A.
An example of matching wives:

Murray, Emma Jean
Redburn, Kathleen	Redburn, Kathy
	Cheatham, Rosemary F.

3. Just as explained above, the same thing occurs if there are an inconsistent number of children to a given marriage. You will have to tell the computer whether the names match and the order of the children.

4. Scanned Image files will NOT get copied from either of the two original databases. Because of the capability of storing images in a separate sub-directory, you will need to copy the images to a directory and set that directory in the NEW database under the Database Configuration (Options Menu).

5. When events for a common individual are added to the merged database, the event type, date, place, misc data and source note must match or the program will generate two events (one from each of the original databases). For example, if one database has a birth date of 20 Jul 1955 and the other database has a birth date of 22 Jul 1955, then the third (merged) database will contain TWO birth events. Also keep in mind that if all o_f the fields do match, there is still the possibility of missing information from the note field (which is not used in the comparison). The note from the 1st database will be used. The note from the second database will be ignored.

6. Documents from both databases will be copied to the merged database. If the document titles are identical, the program assumes that they are identical and will only copy the document from the first database.

After reading the above, do not take a database merge lightly. If you are constantly swapping data back and forth with a relative, be careful about changes that each of you might make. As you can see from the above there is potential for the merged database to NOT be what you want it to be. For example, one of you might make a change to an event note (which is not used in the merge comparison) and the conditions may be such that the change gets lost in the merge. Another example: The two of you might create photos with the same name, which may not be identical photos - or documents with the same title, which may not be identical documents. These could be lost in the merge.


Main Program Dialogue: Split Database
G. Main Program Dialogue: Split Database

Using this utility, you can split off a section of a database, creating a smaller, second database. You mark the individuals which you wish to copy to the second database by pressing the Mark Individuals button. There are several options you can use to mark the appropriate individuals that you wish to copy to the second database.


Main Program Dialogue: Exit
H. Main Program Dialogue: Exit

Selecting this option closes the program down. You will be returned to the Windows Program Manager (or another application if you have other applications opened.)


Chapter 2. The Main Window
Detailed Reference - Chapter 2. The Main Window

The main window of CFT-Win consists of one family group.  The key individual is the first one at the top.  Associated with that individual is the spouse, parents and children of that marriage. Adding or editing an individual is as simple as pointing to the appropriate location and pressing the enter/return key (or double-clicking with the mouse) to bring up the Individual Edit Screen.

In the title bar will be shown the Author Name and Title which can be edited by the User Information selection from the Edit Menu. At the very bottom of the window is the status bar, divided into three sections: help hints, number of IRNs in the database, and the current database name. Beneath the title bar is the menu system. You select a menu by pressing the Alt key together with the underlined letter of the desired menu item. Below the menu line is a toolbar. These toolbar buttons are short cuts to certain menu items. As you float the mouse cursor over a button, a hint balloon will appear explaining the function of that button. Some menu items also have short cut keys, usually the Ctrl key in conjunction with a letter. These short-cut keys will be shown on the menu to the right of the menu item. At the very bottom of the window is another toolbar. This toolbar contains all of the items on the Change Menu.  These are the items which allow you to change the displayed family group that you are currently working on. Each of the menu items will be explained in detail in the following chapters.

The main portion of the window consists of a list showing the current family group. The first column is the number of marriages for each individual. The top four individuals also show the current marriage. For example, if you see 2/3 that indicates that the spouse shown is the second of three marriages.

If there is an adoption there may be a * in the Adopt column indicating that the individual has adopted parents. There may also be an A or N indicating that the parents shown on screen are the adopted or natural parents. If there is no mark it indicate that these are natural parents. An N indicates that although the shown parents are natural, this individual also has adopted parents.

If there is a general note associated with an individual, there will be an asterisk * in the Note column. If there are any photos attached to an individual, there will be an asterisk * in the Photo column. The individuals sex, name, IRN, birth and death dates are also shown on the Main Window.


File Menu: Close Database
A. File Menu: Close Database

Selecting this option will close the current database and return you to the Main Program Dialogue.


File Menu: Clear Database
B. File Menu: Clear Database

This option will delete all data entered into the currently active database.  Use this option with caution!


File Menu: Page Setup
C. File Menu: Page Setup

With this option you may set two parameters for printed reports. This option can also be accessed from the Print Reports dialogue.

1. Paper Size may be set at US letter (8½ x 11 inches) or A4 international. The program was developed using US letter size paper with three-quarter inch margins. When selecting A4 paper size the printing is essential extended an additional amount so there will be less wasted space at the bottom of an A4 page.

2. Page Length Adjustment is normally left at Normal. For those users who may have a faulty printer driver that causes a single line to be printed on even pages, you might try adjusting this to see if it will eliminate this problem. Try the negative numbers one at a time, starting with -1 until the problem is elimiated (hopefully).

3. Page numbers may be set to print on right side of page only or to print odd numbers on right and even on left. For single sided pages you would normally print all page numbers on the right. For eventually printing reports double-sided (as you will likely do with the Indexed Book) it looks better to select page number which alternates left and right sides.


File Menu: Printer Setup
D. File Menu: Printer Setup

With this option you may select the printer which you wish to print reports to. This is a standard Windows dialogue and contains some options which will have no effect on report printing. Since all reports are printed in portrait mode, changing to landscape mode will have no effect. Since you set paper size in the Page Setup option, changing paper size in this dialogue will have no effect.


Reports Menu: Standard Report Window
E. File Menu: Print Reports - Standard Report Window

All reports are formatted to print on letter size 8 1/2 by 11 inch pages (or A4 paper if that option has been selected from Page Setup).  All reports use the Lund-Sans and Lund-SansNarrow True Type fonts. These fonts are distributed with Cumberland Family Tree and installed to your system when you install the program. You cannot change the fonts on reports. All reports have been formatted to provide about three-quarters of an inch margin all the way around. If your reports do not look formatted correctly, you may be missing one of the required fonts.

The Window presented for printing all types of reports are very similar. Depending on the type of report desired, there may be different fields and information you need to supply. All reports will have a field for the beginning page number of that report, a title field and three lines of footnotes. The title field will default to the name of the type of report being printed. The footnotes originally will default to the name and address in the User Information Window. You may change this information for all reports and the changes will be saved.

Selecting Which Records to Print

Some reports require a beginning IRN. You may enter the IRN directly or select the individual by pressing the NameSearch Button. Other reports (such as lists or Family Group Charts) require you to indicate which records you want printed. In all such cases you can print a single record, several records or even all records. There are now two ways you can indicate which records to print - by marking or using an entry list.

Marking: In marking you are presented with an entire list of all records. You mark which records you wish to print. After marking, the program must count the records marked. This is the best method to use if you wish to print large numbers of records (especially if you want to print ALL records). It would be most useful for things like the individual lists, place lists, FRN lists and other lists. Records can then be printed in alphabetical or record order.

Entry List: Using this method you can build an entry list of records by either entering the record number or doing a search for the record. Records will be printed in the order they appear in the list. This method is most useful for things like Family Group Charts where you want to print a few records in a specific order. You also do not need to wait for records to be counted, so on large databases this will be a much quicker way to indicate the records to be printed.

Marking Records

Some reports may require you to mark the records which are to be printed on the report. This is common with lists. In these cases you will need to press the List Button to mark the records to be included in the report. The mark records window will present a list of records and several options to help in marking the desired records. With all lists there is a button to mark all records and to unmark all records. You can mark and unmark individual records by pressing enter or double-clicking with the mouse. With the list of individuals you will also have several options to mark and unmark all living, all deceased, ancestors and descendants. (A branch - such as the descendant branch and ancestral branch - indicates all individuals connected to that line of the tree, including in-laws marriages and ancestors and descendants of the in-laws.) To mark all ancestors of a given individual, for example, highlight that individual, select Ancestors from the Drop down list and press the Multiple button.

Problem: The Descendent Branch button marked the entire database and took forever to complete.

Explanation: The reason this happened is because of intermarriage in the family. It is a bit difficult to explain but I will try. Suppose that you want to mark the descendant branch of a particular person. It will mark that persons son and his wife (daughter-in-law) and then climb up the daughter-in-laws ancestry branch marking her parents and grandparents, etc. When this persons daughter-in-law is also related before they got married (such as a cousin) then climbing back up the daughter-in-laws ancestry reconnects with the persons own line and starts marking his line also - thus it would end up marking the entire database whenever there is an intermarriage such as this.

Entry List

When you create an Entry List you will enter the list of records you want printed in the order you want them printed. Since you may inadvertently create a list of records in the wrong order, there are two buttons - Move Up and Move Down - which allow you to rearrange the order of records. You may select records by Add Record  which allows you to enter the record number - for Individuals this will be the IRN, for marriages the FRN. You may also select by Add NameSearch which allows you to select from the appropriate selection list. Closing the Entry List window will save your list to the [database-name].INI file and will always be available the next time you wish to print the report with the same entry list. The maximum number of entries allowed in an entry list is 999 (almost 1000) records.

Other Options

Some reports, especially the ancestral reports, allow you to enter a specific number of generations to print. There may be other options, which can be turned on by checking the appropriate box. One option, called the Cascading Pedigree will print an entire list of pages continuing the ancestors from one chart to the next, numbering the charts appropriately. All of the options that can be selected with various reports should be self explanatory. In case, you dont understand an option, try previewing it with the option off and with it on noticing the differences in the generated report.

Printing of any reports with photos or scanned documents can take much longer than text-only reports. So be patient! A known problem occasionally crops up when printing or previewing a photo or scanned document. Sometimes the photo or image may not be printed as it should. Simply try printing the report a second time. So far we have not had this error repeat on the second try. (Once the problem is resolved it will be included in further program revisions.)

Also be warned that there is often a pause after pressing the Cancel button, before you are returned control of the program. Again, as with most Windows programs, you should be patient with the printing process.

In most reports, blank events will not be printed. Simply adding an event to an individual or family record does not cause it to be printed. For example, if you add the divorce event to a family record you should also include a date, approximation or at least the words (date unknown). Otherwise the event will not be printed on many reports.

When printing large reports (especially with many photos) there needs to be a large amount of free disk space to hold the temporary WMF images and files for the Print Manager queue. If you get a GPF (General Protection Fault) while printing reports the first place to check is for free hard disk space.

For the highest quality photo and scanned document reports it is desirable to have a printer which prints at 600 dpi. Make certain to check the printer driver in the Printer icon of the Control Panel (usually in the Accessory Group) of Windows. Make certain it is set to 600 dpi, since a 600 dpi printer will only print at 300 dpi if it has not been set properly.


Print Preview
F. File Menu: Print Reports - Print Preview

You may press the Print Button to send the report directly to the printer (it actually goes to your Windows Print Manager) or you may press the Preview Button to view the report on screen. You may also print the report from the Preview Window after viewing it on screen. Keep in mind that in Windows, all pages of the report will be spooled to the Print Manager before the first page will even be printed on the printer.

The Preview Window includes a three-way Zoom option which toggles between a two page layout, a half page close-up (about 70%) and a 100% blow-up. While zoomed in to the half page close-up view you can use the scroll bar to the right or use the up and down arrow keys and page-up and page-down keys. There are three short-cut keys that are not shown on screen. These are Ctl-1, Ctl-2, and Ctl-3 used for the three zoom positions.

There is also a Save WMF button. Whenever a report is generated it is graphical in nature and is temporarily saved (when previewing) as a WMF (Windows Meta File). If you wish to save the report to permanent WMFs to be used by other applications then you may select the Save WMF button and enter a file name prefix. The report will then be saved to the database sub-directory.

There is also a Save Text button. This option allows you to save selected pages to an ASCII text file. All lines will be removed. All major Word Processors can read the text in an ASCII text file.


Report Types
G. File Menu: Print Reports - Report Types

The various reports in CFT-Win are divided into five groups. Below is a list and brief description of each of the 31 reports. For samples of each of these reports refer to The Lund Family Heritage book which accompanies this Users Manual.

Ancestral Reports

Descendant Reports

Individual Lists

Other Lists

Miscellaneous Reports


Ancestral Reports
i. Report Types: Ancestral Reports

1. Ancestral Story: Popular story type report tracing the ancestors of the given individual. This report formats your event data into a story which is merged with event notes creating a pleasing readable report output. If source notes are included they are referenced with numbers and end-noted at the end of the entire story. (When printing from an Indexed Book the sources do not appear until you print the sources at the end of the book.) A + beside a parent or child indicates that that person is continued with the appropriate number as shown. A parent or child is not continued if information available is very limited. Usually, this means an unmarried child with no notes and only a birth and death date.

2. Ahnentafel: List type ancestral report. In an Ahnentafel chart, the fathers Ahnentafel number of any given individual is always double the individuals Ahnentafel number. The mothers number is the fathers plus one. Because of the doubling of the Ahnentafel numbers each generation, these numbers can become quite large very quickly. They are really only good up to about 30 generations. The largest number the program can handle is 2,147,483,647 which is reached in about the 32nd generation. By the time you get to the 51st generation the number has become an unwieldy 15 digits long (about 111,200,000,000,000) - the precision to the final unit cannot be calculated by this program. So the Ahnentafel number will show up as zero (0) for any numbers greater than the 10 digit number shown above, although the program can actually print an unlimited number of ancestors.

3. Pedigree Box Chart: Shows four generations of the given individual with birth, marriage and death date and places in graphical box form. A cascading report will produce multiple pages and continue the chart numbering to the end of all ancestors in the database.

4. Six Generation Pedigree: Shows six generations of the given individual. Only birth and death year are given. A cascading report will produce multiple pages and continue the chart numbering to the end of all ancestors in the database.

5. Photo Pedigree Chart: Shows four generations of the given individual with name and photograph in graphical box form. A cascading report will produce multiple pages and continue the chart numbering to the end of all ancestors in the database.

6. Ancestral Time Line: A graphical diagram showing the Birth, Marriage and Death dates along a time line of the ancestors of the selected individual.


Descendant Reports
ii. Report Types: Descendant Reports

7. Descendant Story: Popular story type report tracing the descendants of the given individual. This report formats your event data into a story which is merged with event notes creating a pleasing readable report output. If source notes are included they are referenced with numbers and end-noted at the end of the entire story. (When printing from an Indexed Book the sources do not appear until you print the sources at the end of the book.) A + beside a parent or child indicates that that person is continued with the appropriate number as shown. A parent or child is not continued if information available is very limited. Usually, this means an unmarried child with no notes and only a birth and death date.

8. Descendant Box Chart: Shows four generations of descendants for the given individual with birth, marriage and death date and places in graphical box form. A cascading report will produce multiple pages and continue the chart numbering to the end of all descendants.

9. Descendant List Chart: Shows up to 25 generations of descendants for the given individual, one person per line.

10. Photo Descendant Chart: Shows four generations of the given individual with name and photograph in graphical box form. A cascading report will produce multiple pages and continue the chart numbering to the end of all descendants.

11. Descendant Time Line: A graphical diagram showing the Birth, Marriage and Death dates along a time line of the descendants of the selected individual.


Individual Lists
iii. Report Types: Individual Lists

12. Standard Information: Lists the individuals marked in a report showing IRN, sex, name, parents FRN, birth or christening date and place, and death or burial date and place. This report will list birth, or christening if no birth date or place known. It will list death, or burial if no death date or place is known.

13. Birthday Report: Lists the living individuals marked in a report showing IRN, sex, name, birth date and age they will be on their birthday for the current year. Any deceased individuals in the list of marked names will only be printed if the Include Deceased box is checked. This list is sorted by month and then by day (calendar-wise). The year is ignored. This allows you to easily track birthdays throughout the year.

14. LDS Ordinance Information: Lists the individuals marked in a report showing IRN, sex, name, number of marriages, birth or christening date, death or burial date, LDS baptism date, endowment date, sealing to parents date and sealing to first spouse date. Since this report only shows the sealing to spouse of the first marriage, you may have to manually check other marriages.

15. Default Event Dates: Lists the individuals marked in a report showing IRN, sex, name, number of marriages, and the dates of the first six default events.

16. Default Event Date/ Place/ Misc: Lists the individuals marked in a report showing IRN, sex, name, number of marriages, and the dates and places of the first two default events.

17. Default Flags: Lists the individuals marked in a report showing IRN, sex, name, and the value of the 10 flags.

18. Address List: Lists the individuals marked in a report showing IRN, sex, name, and last address event place.


Other Lists    _
iv. Report Types: Other Lists

19. Family Record List: Lists the family/marriage records marked in a report showing FRN, husband and wife IRN and names, marriage date and place.

20. Anniversary Report: Lists the family/marriage records marked in a report showing FRN, husband and wife IRN and names, marriage date and years since marriage on the anniversary date of the current year. Marriages will not be printed for deceased persons. This list is sorted by month and then by day (calendar-wise). The year is ignored. This allows you to easily track anniversaries throughout the year.

21. Events List: Lists the events shown in the Event Editor, Tools Menu. If the Include Individuals option is checked it will also list the names of individuals who have that event associated with them and the date and place of the event.

22. Place Name List: Lists the place names in the database. If the Include Individuals option is checked it will also list the names of individuals who have an event associated with that place, including the event and date. In the report place names hierarchy will be reversed. For example, a place such as Clarksville, Montgomery, Tennessee will be listed as Tennessee, Montgomery, Clarksville. Thus places will be sorted more geographically with all Tennessee locations listed together and grouped by county.

23. Misc Data List: Lists the Miscellaneous Data in the database. If the Include Individuals option is checked it will also list the names of individuals who have an event associated with that misc data, including the event and date.

24. Source Note List: Lists the source notes in the database. If the Include Individuals option is checked it will also list the names of individuals who have an event associated with that source, including the event and date.


Miscellaneous Reports
v. Report Types: Miscellaneous Reports

25. Individual Story: Popular story type report for the individuals marked. This report formats your event data into a story which is merged with event notes creating a pleasing readable report output. If source notes are included they are referenced with numbers and end-noted at the end of the entire story. (When printing from an Indexed Book the sources do not appear until you print the sources at the end of the book.)

26. Family Group Chart: Displays all information on a given family - the father, mother and children, including all events. Does not show any notes. May optionally include photographs. May optionally include extra blank children with blank default events for filling in by hand. Press the List Button to mark all families that you wish to include in this report.

27. Photo Album: Displays all photographs for the listed individuals. Standard report shows three rows of photographs per page. Optional Large Photos shows two rows of photographs per page.

28. Individual Summary: Includes all information for a particular individual - all events, notes, etc.

29. Statistics: Produces a one page report with a multitude of statistics about your data including; number of individuals, marriages, average life span, life span distribution, number of history notes, place names, average number of children per marriage and more.  Life spans are calculated for individuals with standard dates as explained under the section on dates in the Individual Editor section of this manual.

30. Database Structure: Produces a report showing the structure of your database. It will list the number of ancestors and descendants of the given individual. It will also list the number of individuals in other trees within your database which are not connected to the main branch. With this report there is often a long pause after the percent bar displays 100% and the completion of the report. Please wait and be patient.

31. Documents: Prints the selected documents. They may either be text or scanned image documents. All images are scaled to be printed one image per page. This is most useful for such documents as birth or marriage certificates and other full page documents. Smaller or larger documents will be automatically scaled to fit one page.


File Menu: Indexed Book
H. File Menu: Indexed Book

With the Indexed Book Option you can create an entire Family History Book. With this option, you can add any of the previously described reports to a book. (In CFT-Win you can actually create more than one book.) As you build the book, the pages will be automatically numbered and all individuals will be added to an index. At the end you can print s source list and an index which contains the name of every individual in the book, with a reference to every report and the page number they are on.

There are four reports produced from the Indexed Book which are not produced in the regular report menus: A Title page, the Table of Contents, List of Sources and the Index. The Title page and Contents are always the first two items shown in the Indexed Book outline. The Sources List is always the second to the last item. You may also choose not to include the Source List. The Index is always the last item shown.  For a sample of an Indexed Book created by CFT-Win see The Lund Family Heritage book which accompanies this manual. It contains a printout of every report that can be produced by CFT-Win. You will also get many ideas on how to outline your own Family History book. The explanations given here will be restricted to the actual operation of producing the indexed book.

After selecting the Indexed Book option, you will first be presented with a window titled Index Books. Here is where you add new books. Press the Add Button and enter the title of your book. Then press the Continue Button. You are now in the Indexed Book outliner window. Here is where you will define the contents of your book. Use the Insert Button to add new reports to your book. From the Edit Book Section window you first select a report from the report list which this section will produce.

Then select the Level. Each report may be placed as one of the following levels:

0-Not Shown in Contents: This level allows you to generate a report in the book without showing it in the Table of Contents.

1-Chapter: This level will number this report as a Chapter. Chapters will be numbered automatically by the program.

2-Topic Within a Chapter: This level will produce a topic within a chapter. The topic will be shown indented in the Table of Contents.

Lastly you should type in a title for the report. This title will appear in the Table of Contents and also at the top of each page of the Indexed Book. You may actually change the title at the time you generate the report, but the Table of Contents will still show the title you enter here. Press the Close Button to exit the Edit Book Section window and your report will be added to the list in the Indexed Book outliner window.

The process you will follow in producing your book is as follows:

1. Create the report outline by inserting reports into the Indexed Book outliner window.

2. Begin printing each report beginning at the third item. (If you print the Table of Contents before other reports are printed, the page numbers will not show up properly in the Table of Contents. You may actually print the Title page at any time you wish.) As you print  each report, you will need to specify certain options in the Report window as explained earlier under standard reports. Do not change the beginning page number as the Indexed Book will keep track of page number correctly. As each report is generated, the program will build an index of all individuals in the report and the page number they appear on.

3. At the end print the Sources, the Index of Names, the Table of Contents and the Book Title. The Title will print the name and address of the person shown in the User Information window of the Edit Menu.

Work slowly as you print each report of the Indexed Book. Make certain that each report is correct and print it out before moving on to the next report. If you must go back to print an earlier report because of some mistake, you will be required to print every report from there on. This is because the page numbering may change because of your change, thus affecting the location of individuals in the Index of Names - which will need to be reconstructed from that point on.

Thats it! Hopefully the workings of the program will be simple enough. But dont be misled. Creating a pleasing Indexed Book takes a lot of creativity and fore thought - and lots of time, especially for a larger book. Take your time and dont hurry the process. But dont be dissuaded by the effort required, either. The end results of holding your very own Family History Book will justify all the hard work!

TIP: If you find a mistake in a report that is several reports earlier than your current printed location in the Indexed Book, and if you know the page numbering and individuals wont change, there is an easy way to reprint just that report only without backtracking and having to reprint all subsequent reports. You can call up that report by itself outside of the Indexed Book and print it from there. Then manually replace the old incorrect pages with the new printed report. Be careful with this though. Make sure you have the correct beginning page number and that paging doesnt change. If you are uncertain then it is best to actually backtrack within the Indexed Book and begin reprinting reports from the location where the mistake was made.

Refer to the accompanying book The Lund Family Heritage for ideas on how to create Chapter pages and use the various reports to your advantage.


File Menu: ASCII Text Import
I. File Menu: ASCII Text Import

With the ASCII Text Import utility you can import an ASCII text file. The imported file will be read into the Windows clip board. You then paste the text into any individual or event note, or document using the standard Windows paste: Ctrl-V or Paste on the Edit menu within the text editor.

To import an ASCII text file select the file from the file dialog and press OK. After the file has been imported, you will receive a message that the file has been imported. You may now open any individual or event note or document and paste the text in. You may also copy, cut and paste between CFT-Win and other Windows word processors or text editors.


File Menu: GEDCOM Import
J. File Menu: GEDCOM Import

GEDCOM stands for GEnealogical Data COMmunications.  The GEDCOM standard was actually created by the LDS church (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints). It has become a genealogy industry standard format for exchanging genealogical information.  All major genealogy programs will create or read GEDCOM files. With this feature you can exchange genealogy data with others, even though you may have two different programs.

A word of caution is in order. Although many programs can read and write GEDCOM files, there is a limit to the data that can be transferred by this method. All programs cannot accept the same data. For example, some of the special events included in Cumberland Family Tree, although they are supported by the GEDCOM standard, may not be recognized by other programs because the other program does not have a field for that data. Likewise, some data in a GEDCOM file may not be recognized by Cumberland Family Tree. When Cumberland Family Tree encounters unknown information in a GEDCOM file it will do one of two things. If the incoming unknown data is associated with an individual, it will place the information, including GEDCOM tags, into that individuals notes. If there is an unknown record, unassociated with an individual, the information will be placed into a document. If there are any errors in the GEDCOM file concerning relationships, a document entry will also be created noting the individuals with the incorrect relationships. You should check these thoroughly and manually correct the relationships with the Fix Relationships options.

To import a GEDCOM file, select this option and press the Select File button and select the file from the file dialog.  Press the Import button to begin the import.  The GEDCOM Importer will only include Individuals and Marriages in the GEDCOM file. If there is an incorrect individual or family reference in the file these will simply be ignored and only the correct individuals and families will be imported.  If you look at a GEDCOM file you can quickly get an idea of how it is structured.  The important relationship linkages are shown in the partial GEDCOM file below:

0 @I00001@ INDI

1 FAMS @F00001@

1 FAMC @F02301@

0 @F00001@ FAM

1 HUSB @I00001@

1 WIFE @I00002@

1 CHIL @I00010@

1 CHIL @I00011@

In a GEDCOM file normally all individual records appear before the family records.

The first three lines above are part of an individual record.  It says that this individual with ID number of I00001 is a spouse in Family record F00001 and a child in Family record F02301. The next five lines are a Family record for F00001. You should have the idea now. For accurate relationships, every family record referenced in an individual record must be included as a family record in the file. And for every individual referenced in a family record there must be a valid individual. Pointers always go in both directions as in the example above, i.e. in the individual record there is a reference to the family and in the family record there is a reference pointing back to the individual.

Special Characters

CFT-Win will import four different character sets as explained in the next section on GEDCOM Export: IBM-PC, ANSEL, ANSI, and ISO 8859-1for HTML. You will only want to use the Special Characters feature if you have foreign or accented characters and these characters dont get translated to their proper character upon import. Many genealogy programs will only produce GEDCOM files using the current DOS code page, even though ANSEL was the requested standard in the official GEDCOM Standards. Normally, CFT-Win will properly translate a GEDCOM file from the current code page into Windows ANSI. However, problems arise if the GEDCOM file were created on a computer with a different code page than the computer that imports the GEDCOM file. Some characters may not then be translated properly. If this is the case you can use the Special Characters to properly translate these letters. For example, I have seen a GEDCOM file which was contained Norwegian characters. These characters are translated properly: Å Æ å æ. But these were not: Ø ø. They show up after import as: ¥ ¢. To properly translate these I used the small Windows Character Map program to look up the codes for these four characters. Thus I entered the following codes in the Special Characters Window and checked the Translate Special Characters box before re-importing the file.

GEDCOM Code	Windows Code

165	216

162	248

(You might wish to see the explanation on various characters sets under the next topic: GEDCOM Export.)

Other GEDCOM Import Options

Move Death/ Burial to end of Events: As data is loaded from the GED file to the database, events will be added as they occur. Normally, marriage events are loaded after all other individual events, causeing them to appear after the Death and Burial events. Checking this option will move the Death and Burial events to the end of event list.

Place Event Notes in Misc Data Field: This option allows the import to place notes into the Misc Data field rather than the Note field. This is only useful when very short notes are given which would more likely make sense for the Misc Data field. It is highly likely that this option will be rarely used.

The following options all deal with Unknown Tags and Error Log File Creation

Create Log File of Import Errors: Checking this option will generate an Error Log File of GEDCOM lines which are not recognized by CFT-Win. The Log File will have the same name as the GEDCOM file with a .log file extension. A message at the end of the import will also remind you of the Log File location.

Place Log File in a Document: This option will add the log file to a Document within CFT-Win. You might check the last few lines of the Document. If the log file is larger than about 63K, it cannot be entirely loaded to the Document and a message at the end of the document will let you know if this has occurred.

Place unknown tags in Individual Notes: This option will place unknown tags into individual notes.


File Menu: GEDCOM Export
K. File Menu: GEDCOM Export

Cumberland Family Tree allows three type of GEDCOM Exports:

1. Standard GEDCOM Export

2. LDS Ancestral File Submission

3. LDS TempleReady Submission

The output of all these exports are basically the same with the exception of the DEST (destination) tag which indicates the intended destination of that GEDCOM file. Normally you would use the Standard GEDCOM Export to create files which you can transfer to other programs or to share data with your relatives.  Use the Ancestral File Submission if you are preparing a diskette to send to the LDS Ancestral File. Use the TempleReady Submission if you are preparing a diskette to be used by the local Family History TempleReady program which clears names for temple work.

The GEDCOM Export will create a file with the selected individuals. You can use the List Button to mark the individuals you want exported to the GEDCOM file. (See Marking Records in the Printing Reports section.) GEDCOM files require an extension of GED. You may enter the file name with a path name (if applicable). The file name must be less than 8 characters. The program will automatically add the GED extension.

Most data in CFT-Win will be exported to a GEDCOM file. However, a document only gets exported if it has been referenced as a source by one of the events of the individuals being exported. Also, references are made to scanned images (like photos and scanned documents), however, the actually image file does not get embedded into the GEDCOM file. So if you intend the recipient of the GEDCOM file to have access to the images you must also copy those image files in addition to the actual GEDCOM file.

If you are submitting a GEDCOM file for Ancestral File or TempleReady, then you should read the chapters in the Section on "Climbing Your Family Tree" for further information.

Translate Months

Normally GEDCOM files should contain all three letter month abbreviations in English and they would need to be translated to English upon GEDCOM export from the language used in your database. Normally this box will contain the name of the currently selected language and all month abbreviations (in all events) will be properly translated to English. You may change the language if you wish.

GEDCOM Version 4.0 versus Version 5.5

There is very little difference between these two versions as output by CFT-Win as shown in the table below. Version 4.0 is only provided for compatibility with older programs.

Version 4.0	Version 5.5
Not supported	In Header: 1 GEDC 2 VERS 5.5 1 FORM LINEAGE-LINKED
PHOTO	MEDI
ADOP (adoption) tag - with date and place - shows under the FAMC tag in the INDI structure.	ADOP (adoption) tag shows under the FAMC tag in the INDI structure - but without date and place. The date and place show up when the ADOP event appears under an individual as an event and the FAMC tag is also shown to indicate the parents of the Adoption event.

Character Sets

In CFT-Win you may export using four different character sets as described below. The basic differences between all of these character sets has to do with accented and foreign characters other than the standard 26 letter English alphabet. Currently CFT-Win only supports Western European Roman characters as you see in the Character Map that comes with Windows. The 26 English characters are the same in ALL character sets decribed below.

IBM-PC: The IBM-PC Character set is derived from the standard DOS ASCII set. Accented characters are mapped to different ASCII codes depending on the code page you are running with your DOS. Because other countries often use various code pages, if you are able to import a GEDCOM file with accented characters coming through properly it is only because you happen to have your computer set to the same code page as the computer that generated the GEDCOM file. Because of this inconsistency with accented characters, the IBM-PC character set is one I suggest you avoid using. (On import, if all else fails you can always set up the mapping with the Special Characters. See the previous topic - GEDCOM Import.)

ANSEL: This code set is based on older character set. Often an accented character is represented here by two separate characters. When GEDCOM was first developed this is the character set that was initially approved by the LDS Church for Ancestral File and TempleReady submissions and is still currently required. CFT-Win will force you to use ANSEL when creating an Ancestral File or TempleReady GEDCOM file.

ANSI: This is the code set in use by the Windows operating system. Since it is not code page dependant, it is a much less complicated character set than IBM-PC. To see the mapping of this character set simply look at the small Character Set program in Windows. This character set has not been approved by the GEDCOM committee. As far as we know CFT-Win is the first program to implement this set.

ISO 8859-1 for HTML: This new character set is for use with the Internet and the World Wide Web. Specifically, there is a program called GED2HTML which creates a file for posting on the Web but it does not actually translate accented characters to ISO 8859-1. CFT-Win will do this for you. However, be aware that an ISO 8859-1 GEDCOM has not been approved by any other organization and will not properly import to other genealogy programs. As far as we know CFT-Win is the first program to implement this set.

All of these characters sets WILL import back to CFT-Win properly.


File Menu: Tiny Tafel Export
L. File Menu: Tiny Tafel Export

With this option you can create a Tiny Tafel file for use with the Tiny Tafel Matching System. This system is in use on many electronic BBSs to help family history researchers locate others that may be researching the same lines. (See the information on the Tiny Tafel Matching System in Section 4 Climbing Your Family Tree for more information.)

You need to enter the IRN of the person whose ancestors you wish to export to the Tiny Tafel file. You can also press the NameSearch Button to locate that person. The Tiny Tafel file will contain certain condensed information on the ancestors of the given individual. There are also three options you may want to check for inclusion in the Tiny Tafel file: include unique spellings of surnames, include place names and include lines with single individuals.


File Menu: CFT-Pro 4.x Import
M. File Menu: CFT-Pro 4.x Import

To help earlier Cumberland Family Tree Professional Users upgrade, you may use this option which will quickly move your data into the new Cumberland Family Tree for Windows. Simply enter the sub-directory containing your old CFT-Pro program, then click on the Database list or press the Tab Key. A list of databases from CFT-Pro will appear. Select the one you wish to import and press the Import Database Button. Your database will now be imported.

Normally, you would have a completely empty database before beginning this procedure. If you have data in the current database, it will not be overwritten. The CFT-Pro data will be appended to the existing information.

You also need to make certain that you have set the Event/Flag Defaults under the Options Menu. Blank events in your old program will not be copied to the new program. If you wish blank events then set them up in the Event/Flag Defaults.


File Menu: CTREE 3.x Import
N. File Menu: CTREE 3.x Import

This option is to help earlier Cumberland Family Tree users to upgrade. If you have Version 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, or 3.5 data files that you wish to import into CFT-Win, then enter the sub-directory name of the old CTREE data files and press the Import Database button.

Normally, you would have a completely empty database before beginning this procedure. If you have data in the current database, it will not be overwritten. The CTREE data will be appended to the existing information.

You also need to make certain that you have set the Event/Flag Defaults under the Options Menu. Blank events in your old program will not be copied to the new program. If you wish blank events then set them up in the Event/Flag Defaults.


Edit Menu: Individual Record
A. Edit Menu: Individual Record

To edit an existing individual or add a new individual use the up and down cursor keys to "point" to the appropriate individual or "Add". Simply press the return key (or double click with the mouse) to pop-up the individual editor. You can also select this option from the Edit Menu or click on the Edit Individual Record Button on the top toolbar.

With this option you can only add new individuals to a family.  If you need to include an individual in the family who is already in the database you need to use Fix Relationships (on the Edit Menu).  If you need to add an individual who is not tied to anyone in the family structure use the "Add Individual [No Link]" from the Edit menu.

You should select the appropriate sex for the individual you are editing. An unknown sex should only be used if the individual is not married.  A marriage is not allowed if the individual's sex is unknown.

Adding, removing and editing events is explained under the event editor. The list of events shows a summary of the events for that individual. The headings at the top of the event list are:

1. The event name.

2. Source Src - an asterisk indicates that a source is attached to that event.

3. Note Nte - an asterisk indicates that a note is attached to that event.

4. Family Event Fam - an asterisk indicates that this event is a family event and is shared with the spouse.

5. Sure Sur - The Sure field of the event. (This field may be changed to be used to indicate a sensitive event.)

6. Date

7. An unlabeled field which may be the place, misc data or spouse name.

Normally you would want to place all events in a persons life in chronological sequence. There is an button Auto Sort Dates which will automatically sort the events by date. You can also do this to the entire database by checking the Auto Sort Event Dates option. Blank dates will move with the event listed above, thus helping to keep in sequence those events which do not have dates.

Tracing Natural or Adoptive Parents

If you ever add adopted parents for an individual there will also appear another field on this screen below the Given Name field. This field is labeled: Pedigree & Tree Parents. You may selected either Natural or Adopted parents. If you select Adopted then the on-screen Tree and the Ahnentafel and Pedigree Reports will trace the adopted parents for that individual, rather than following the natural line and an asterisk will be shown next to that persons name.


Edit Menu: Individual Record - Name Field
i. Edit Menu: Individual Record - The Name Field

You should always enter a persons name in its proper order. DO NOT show last name first, comma, given names (BROWN, Edward Joseph). You should always put slashes "/" around a surname, regardless of the location of the surname.  The brackets will only appear around the surname in the individual editor. They will not appear on any other screen or report. Bracketing off the surname allows the program to sort individual names by surname regardless of the location within the name. It is also common to capitalize the surname, however, that is left up to your discretion.  Below are examples of appropriate names:

Standard English/American:	Ira Johan LUND

Scandinavian name with appended ancestry locality name:	Johan Severin SVENDSEN Rage

Oriental (Surnames always first):	ZHENG Chooi Fong

If you must include titles or other unusual features, simply include them in proper order as in the following names (shown with the brackets):

Dr. George F. /SMART/, M.D.

Frederick Ferdinand /ALBERTSON/ III

Mary Ellen /SMITH-BROWN/

Arnold William /FITZGERALD/, Jr.

Jose /del MUNDO/

Ted /van der VOORST/	(See European Surname Sorting in Database Configuration)

If a child is being added, the surname of the father will automatically appear in the name field in brackets.  If the father of the key individual is being added, the key individual's surname will automatically appear in the name field in brackets. If the surname is different, simply type over or delete the name. If you are working with Hispanic names you may wish to go to the Database Configuration and set the Hispanic Surname option. This will cause the mothers surname to be added to the fathers surname when adding children.

You will notice that as soon as you tab to another field after entering the name, a soundex number will be shown. This is a special number based on the surname used by some census and research locations.  See The Soundex System in the section on Climbing Your Family Tree later in the printed manual.

You will also notice that the first given name is carried down to the Given Name field. This field is provided to make the Story reports more readable. Rather than showing the full name all the time, this given name will be used in the story. However, people dont always go by their first given name. Some go by their middle name or some other nickname. You may enter that name in this field to be used in the story reports. You might wish to generate a sample Ancestral Story or Descendant Story Report to see how this is used.

If no given name precedes the surname, then all names following the surname name are copied to the Given Name field. This is in keeping with standard Chinese format where an individual named /CHANG/ Chooi Fong would be refered to as Chooi Fong in ordinary conversation. You may change the name in this field at any time.


Edit Menu: Individual Record - Flags
ii. Edit Menu: Individual Record - Flags

There is one fixed flag called Living. Whenever you add a new individual this will automatically be set to the value you set as checked in the Event/ Flag Defaults on the Options Menu. This flag is unchecked to indicate that someone is no longer living even though a death or burial date is not known. Whenever a death or burial date is entered, this flag will automatically be unchecked.

The other 9 flags can be added and defined by the user. (See Database Configuration)


Edit Menu: Individual Notes
iii. Edit Menu: Individual Record - Individual Notes

You can enter a general note on each individual (up to 64,000 characters - about 18-20 printed pages) by pointing at the appropriate individual and selecting the Individual Notes from the Edit Menu, or pressing the Notes Button on the top toolbar. It is suggested that if you are entering biographical information to create a story type report, that you should enter most (if not all) of your text into event notes rather than the general individual note.

The text editor in CFT-Win is used to edit three different types of text:

1. Individual Notes:	accessed with Ctrl-N, from the Edit Menu or the Toolbar Notes Button.

2. Event Notes:	accessed from within the Events Editor Window.

3. Documents:	accessed from Tools Menu or from the Toolbar Documents Button.

The appropriate method of writing is to type continuously without carriage returns at the end of lines. The computer will automatically wrap a word down to the next line if it will not fit on the current line.  Carriage returns (enter key or return key) are entered at the end of paragraphs only. You may enter more than one carriage return to put spaces between paragraphs. To keep the same format that is generated by the story reports, it is suggested that you start all paragraphs by pressing the Tab Key (this will enter a string of spaces rather than what is considered a true tab like is used in many word-processors). Also, it is suggested that you do not leave spaces between paragraphs. And make certain that there are no blank lines at the end of the text, as this will cause mysterious blank lines to appear in the story reports. Also, if you intend to completely delete a note make certain there are no invisible spaces or the program will think there is a note attached and print mysterious blank lines in certain reports. To verify that you have deleted all unseen spaces the cursor should be at the top left of the screen. Press the right and left arrows. If the cursor does not move you have deleted all spaces. If it moves to the right or down, then you have hidden carriage returns or spaces which can be deleted with the backspace or delete key.

The Text Editor includes the standard Windows cut, copy and paste and can copy text to and from the Windows clip board. These options are on the Edit Menu and are also included as Buttons on the Text Editor Toolbar.


Spell Checker
iv. Edit Menu: Individual Record - Spell Checker

CFT-Wins Text Editor also includes a powerful Spell Check Dictionary. You can check a word at a time or the entire entry. These options are accessed from the SpellCheck Menu in the Text Editor or  by pressing the appropriate Button on the Text Editors Toolbar. Check Word checks the spelling of the word at the cursor insertion point. Check Entry will check all words beginning at the cursor location to the end of the current entry. (Press Esc at any time to cancel the spellchecking.)

The Edit Custom Dictionary item on the SpellCheck Menu allows you to add, edit and delete words from your own custom dictionary (CUSTOM.VTC). Of course, words may also be added automatically to the custom dictionary while you are running the spell checker.

There are a number of options that control the way in which the spell checker verifies the spelling of your words. These options can be modified by selecting the Change SpellCheck Options item from the SpellCheck menu or by selecting the Options... button in the Spell Check dialog which appears every time an unknown word is encountered during the spell check process. Each of these options are explained below:

Automatic Suggestions

Checking this option will cause a list of suggested words to be appear when an incorrectly spelled word is found. This option is normally checked.

Exact Match Required

Checking this option will require that capitalization of all words match exactly. In normal usage words are often written sometimes with all caps, first letter capitalized, etc. Therefore this option is normally NOT checked.

Ignore Full Caps

If this option is checked, the SpellChecker will NOT check words that are all in caps. Normally this option is NOT checked.

Ignore Partial Numbers

If this option is checked, words with intermixed alpha and numeric characters will NOT be checked. Normal such words are mistakes and should be caught by the spell checker. However, there are time you might add such words (like serial numbers) to your custom dictionary. Therefore you may wish to check this option, which is normally not checked.

Ignore Pure Numbers

This option is normally checked. If it is not checked, a pure number will be checked against the dictionary and shown as incorrect if not found. There are no pure numbers in the standard dictionary. Therefore, they will only be found correct if you add them to your custom dictionary.

Allow Joined Words

If this option is checked, then a word joined with a hyphen will be considered correct if the two component parts are spelled correctly. Otherwise, a hyphenated word will only be considered correct if the entire hyphenated word is found in one of the dictionaries.

Recheck Typed Replaces

After you have typed a correction in the Replace with: entry, the spell checker will recheck the typed correction if this option is checked. Normally you would want this option to be on.

Open Custom, Open Standard

Normally the program will open and close the custom (CUSTOM.VTC)and standard (AMERICAN.VTD) dictionaries. The custom dictionary is provided for you to add your own words. If you close one of these dictionaries, the spell check will not check words against that dictionary. It is suggested that you never change these options. The results will be unpredictable.

Performance

There is a trade-off between memory usage and performance which can be adjusted with this option. To get faster performance, you can load more words in to memory by sliding this control to the right.

Suggestion Search Limit

Whenever a misspelled word is encountered, the spell checker runs through a complicated algorithm searching for possible correctly spelled words. This limit is the number of possible letter combinations that will be tested. However, regardless of how high this number is, the maximum number of final displayed suggested words will always be limited to 10 words.


Sources
v. Edit Menu: Individual Record - Sources

You may tie two different types of sources to an individual (or event): a regular source and a document used as a source. The source field will behave just like the place and misc data fields. The source field can contain up to 5000 characters of information. Here you should enter full source information for this event. Here are some example:

Lund, Ira J., The History of Mogen Hans Lund, 1974, Preston, Idaho.

Clark, Kay Lund, Our Ancestors in Denmark, July 1982.

There is plenty of room to include full documentation. I would suggest that you read the chapter on Citing Sources in Section 2 Climbing Your Family Tree. This will tell you the proper method and give you many tips on entering sources information.

Data can be entered into the source field the same way data is entered into the place field. You can type the information directly in, enter a period and the record number or select an existing source by pressing the Select Source Button.

If you wish to use a document as a source, then you can press the Select Document button. A document may be the full text of a will or other source. It may also be a scanned image, such as a marriage certificate.


Photos
vi. Edit Menu: Individual Record - Individual Photos

To attach a photograph to an individual, you must first convert your photographs into electronic form using a scanner. When scanning you will save each photo as a separate file which you should place in the image sub-directory which you choose and set in the Database Configuration Option.

IMPORTANT: In order to view and attach photos you need to make certain that the Image Sub-Directory is properly set in the Database Configuration (Options Menu) - last tab.

Scan a Photo to an Image File

There are many image formats to choose from. CFT-Win will allow you to attach images (either as photographs or as scanned documented) in any of the following formats: PCX, BMP, GIF, JPG, WMF or ICO. You will need to read your scanner manual on how to convert your photos to one of these formats. There are many variables that will eventually control the quality of your final pictures. Screen and printer resolution is one. Sometimes a good quality printed image may not look so good on screen. A high resolution laser printer (especially 600 dpi) will produce much better quality photographs than a dot matrix printer. Scanned images can consume a lot of space. For example, I have almost 100 images in my database and they take up over 14 megabytes of space. They could easily take even more than that if I had saved them in a higher resolution.

In my experimentation with an HP Deskscan, scanning at 150 dpi produced the best printed output. Setting the size of photos to 1¾ inch high (documents to about 7 inches high) with a JPG format will produce the best trade off between quality and file size. Set photos to 3 inches high if you intend to use the Large Photos setting in the Photo Album Report.

NOTE: We have had the best success using the JPG (JPEG) image format with CFT-Win. The prior recommended PCX format evidently has some version variations that can not always be read and displayed by CFT-Win.

Keep in mind that photos (and scanned documents) require a lot of disk space and processing time. It will take longer to generate reports with photos than reports with pure text. On screen viewing of photos may also seem slow at times.

Attach the Photo to an Individual

The Photo Editor is a Tab on the Individual Editor Window. On the left of the Photo Window, you will see a list of available images - those that you currently have in your database directory. (If you do not see a list of your scanned image files then make certain that the proper Image Sub-directory is set in the Database Configuration Option.)

As you highlight each file name in the list, the actual image will be displayed at the bottom. Press the Select button to use that image as a photo for this individual. You will then see that image filename appear under the Selected Photos list and a larger image of the photograph appear on the right. You can now add a caption describing this photo. You may add up to 250 photos to each individual, but the first photo is the most important one. It is the photo that will be used in the Photo Pedigree, Photo Descendants and Photo Family Group Charts. The other photos will appear when a Photo Album Report is printed.

Detailed Notes on Using Scanned Images in CFT-Win

Users often find the handling of pictures a difficult matter.  This occurs because of variable hardware and software components.  Picture handling involves sophisticated hardware (scanner, display and printer) and various software packages (scanner program, file formatting, picture editor, and a picture display/printing program - like CFT-Win).

You will often find that two similar scanners give different results due to ageing and general setup variables.  Monitors have variable settings for brightness and contrast, as well as direct color controls for the fancier ones.  Printers likewise, have more differences than similarities.  Picture programs and printer drivers also handle your pictures in different ways.  Thus, you have many opportunities for obtaining headaches and gray hairs.  Those working as professionals in this field solve their problems by making a careful and complicated calibration of their whole system.  Such a calibration is not easily handled by amateurs.  Many people therefore get disappointing results.

But here are a few tips and explanations:

Picture File Types.

There are two main types of image file encountered - Raster and Vector.  Vector images are usually mathematical representations of geometric shapes, including drawings and text.  Raster images break a normal picture into a grid of equally sized pieces, known as pixels, or picture elements, and store these in a digital or bit-mapped format.  CFT-Win only works with raster or bit-mapped images.

Picture File Contents.

The number of levels of color intensity is measured in bits-per-pixel. We have a number of formats available to us containing 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 32 bits.  This number as a power of 2 gives the possible color combinations.  Common formats encountered are:

* Full or True color (24 Bit) pictures with 8 Bits in each of the three primary screen colors Red, Green, and Blue giving a possible total of 16.7 Million colors.

* A gray-scale picture in one color only (usually black).  It is normally 8 Bits and has 256 gray values ranging from white to the pure color (black).

* Any color picture can be reduced to 8 Bit, or 256 colors, which are known as indexed colors.  These use a color palette comprising a selection of 256 from the possible 16.7 million.  There are different algorithms available for reducing the colors and creating the optimum palette, and some give better results than others.

* You may also find color pictures reduced to only 16 colors or 4 Bit. This is usually done in combination with a dithering process which simulates colors not in the palette by intermingling adjacent pixels. The result is generally poor unless an additional optimizing  routine is applied.

* "Line art" (including letters) are in two colors only, really 1 Bit.

Picture File Formats.

A large variety of file formats are used professionally.  We can ignore most of them.  The ones most often found and used by amateurs are listed here, but be aware that most picture editing programs will read all formats and can therefore convert between them.

BMP:  BMP is a Microsoft Windows Bit-Mapped-Paint type, covering all possible bit modes, but takes up a lot of space in its standard unpacked format.  It does have optional RLE (Run Length Encoding) compression, but this does not work in all modes.

GIF: GIF is a CompuServe packed format.  It does not handle 24 Bit color pictures, but uses the 8 Bit 256 color format only.

JPG: JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is not only a packed, but also a compressed format.  Compression means that some (unimportant) picture information gets lost.  You may choose between various degrees of compression and more or less loss of detail.  There is normally no noticeable difference between the time it takes CFT-Win to handle JPG compared to other formats. The JPG format is the suggested format to use with CFT-Win.

PCX: The PCX format is a popular Zsoft Paintbrush format often used in the PC world.  Version 5 is the latest and most reliable.  It handles most formats except 16 Bit color and has a smaller file size due to the packing of its data.  Cumberland Family Tree does not accept 24 Bit PCX files, i.e. color files with full color resolution.  It only accepts 8 Bit PCX files, i.e. either black/white files or indexed color files with only 256 colors.  If you want to use the PCX format in CFT-Win you have to change the 24 Bit color resolution to an optimized 8 Bit picture in a good picture editing program.  If CFT-Win is NOT displaying or printing your PCX files, then you are most likely using 24 Bit files which it cannot handle.

TIF: TIFF from Aldus Corporation, is more efficient and it is widely used in the professional field.  TIFF exists in a number of partly incompatible dialects and it is therefore often difficult to handle. CFT-Win does not accept TIFF files.

Dot-Per-Inch Calculations.

The relationship between the scanning resolution and the printed size is one that users have the most difficulty with.  The best place to start is with the printed output.  If we are going to print images in CFT-Win to a maximum width of 1 inch (25mm) with a printer capable of say, 600 dpi (dots-per-inch) then we need to achieve a scan width of about 600 pixels.  Most images to be printed will be of the portrait format, and  have a height to width ratio of 3:2.  With an 8 bit (256 color or gray scale) image, this requires an unpacked stored file size of 900x600x8/8 bytes, or 527 kB.  Reducing the printer resolution to 300 dpi cuts the size down to 450x300x8/8, or 132 kB but also reduces the print quality.  A practical balance often exists between these two values.  Usually there is little visible difference between 600 pixel and 450 pixel width images when both printed at 600 dpi.  In other words, a practical balance is 75% of the maximum printer capability.  This makes a 450 pixel wide image and an unpacked file size of 264 kB for this example.

The digitizing of the image through a scanner to give the desired printer resolution, is dependant both on the original image size and the capabilities of the scanner.  Be aware that scanners have two ratings - their Optical and Maximum resolution.  Always use the Optical resolution number for calculations, as the Maximum figure is a special computer generated interpolation that we can replicate ourselves in a picture editing program.

If the original image size is say, 6x4 inches (150x100mm), and the scanner is capable of 400 dpi, we only need to run it at 110 dpi to obtain the desired output.  That is, the required print width of 450 pixels divided by the source image width of 4 inches.  If the image was smaller, say 1.5x1 inch, we would need to scan at the maximum optical level of 400 dpi, and could therefore only get a 600x400 pixel result.

The next problem is in deciding whether to scan in black and white or color and how many bits.  If all your old pictures are black/white, then scan them in black/white, i.e. 8 Bit gray scale.  If you do this you can forget all about the complicated color matters.

If you wish to print in color from color originals and want the best possible result, then use 24 bit color.  Be aware that this increases the file size by a factor of three.  A more practical solution, is to scan in 24 bit then optimize to 8 bit with a good picture editor.

Do not create the image larger than you need, and experiment to see how low you can reduce the size while maintaining acceptable clarity at the printer.  Use of the JPG format from a higher resolution image often gives an excellent balance between visible detail and storage size.  You might like to consider scanning at the 100% resolution level for your printer (as described above) in 24 bit color, then trying different levels of JPEG compression.

Other Scanning, Displaying and Printing Considerations.

A term often encountered in graphics work is gamma correction.  This is a ratio expressing the relative luminance of the non-linear output device in terms of the original image.  It represents a complex compensation curve to be applied by way of correction.  Fortunately, we do not need to learn the detail of this!

The scanner itself is a non-linear device, but the scanner software should have built-in compensation for this non-linearity.  If not, you will have to apply a calibration curve to the scanner.  Some scanners offer a further additional (optional?) gamma correction of 1.8.

The PC screen is non-linear in its light output, having a typical gamma value of 1.8.  This means that a picture (image) is usually displayed as being too dark.  The professional picture editing programs have facilities to compensate for this.  You may also find a gamma compensation in some scanners (see above).  The color screen excites phosphors of the three primary colors of Red, Green and Blue to obtain all the 16.7 million possible ones in the 24 bit mode.  Gamma correction changes the intensity or luminance balance between the two extremes of the range.

The printer is also non-linear, and suffers from what are called dot gain errors.  This will usually result in a darker picture than wanted.  The printer driver may have some build-in compensation for this error, but you often need an additional correction to get good results.  If you are lucky (but you seldom are!), the above mentioned gamma correction of 1.8 may do also for the printer.  Color printers usually generate their colors from Cyan, Magenta and Yellow.  The difference in base colors from that used on the screen, is that the printed image absorbs light and reflects rather than emits the color we see.  The printer cannot achieve the same brightness or color purity level that we can obtain on the screen and therefore does not achieve the full 16.7 million range.

Generally though, if your display is set up normally and the image looks good on screen, the current Windows print drivers give quite acceptable output quality with modern laser printers.

Good luck!


Events Editor
B. Edit Menu: Individual Record - Events Editor

In the Individual Edit Window there is a list of Events associated with that individual. Below the list will be six buttons that allow you to control the events for that record. You create new events for an individual by pressing the Add Event (Adds to end of list) or Insert Event (Inserts just prior to highlighted event) Buttons. You can edit an existing event by pointing to it and clicking the Edit Event button (or double click the event or press the enter key). You remove events by pressing the Remove Event button. By highlighting an event and pressing the Move Up or Move Down button, you can move that event to the proper location within the list. It is highly suggested that you keep events in the proper chronological order - by date.

Events without any information will not be printed on some reports, or used elsewhere in the prorgam. If you definately want to make certain that an event prints on all reports and you do not know the date or place, I would enter (date unknown) in the Misc Data field.

Including user-defined events is very flexible with Cumberland Family Tree. Supplied with the program is a list of GEDCOM and CFT-Win standard events which can be accessed under the Tools Menu (Events Editor). You can even add your own events to this list. (See the details on this later in the manual.)

Normally you would set up the list of events that you would like included with each individual and family record in the Individual and Family Event windows in the Database Configuration option on the Options Menu. (See that option for more details.) However, with each individual you can add or subtract events specifically for that individual.

There are three types of events: individual events, family (or marriage) events and events that can be used for either an individual or a family. The type of event is defined under the Standard Events Editor. Most events are individual events (such as birth, death, education, occupation, etc.) There are also a number of family events (like marriage, engagement, divorce). But there are also a handful of events that can be used for either an individual or marriage (such as address or move). Whenever you select an individual event you will automatically access the event editor for that event. If you select a family event, before you access the event editor you will be asked to select the spouse for whom this event is to be shared with. If you select an event that can be used as either an individual or family (such as an address) you will first be asked how you wish to use that event - as an individual event or as a family event.

In most reports, blank events will not be printed. Simply adding an event to an individual does not cause it to be printed. For example, if you add the divorce event to a family record you should also include a date, approximation or at least the words (date unknown). Otherwise the event will not be printed on many reports.

As you enter the dates, places and descriptions of an event you will see the story sentence get constructed in the Story display. This will help you se how the final event will look when generated by the story reports.

i. Sure/Sensitive Fields

ii. Date Fields

iii. Place Fields

iv. Event Data

v. Event Notes

vi. Sources


ii. Sure/Sensitive Field
i. Edit Menu: Individual Events Editor - Sure/Sensitive Field

The first field in the Event Edit Window may be used either to indicate certainty or to indicate a sensitive field. The default use for this field is as a Sure Field. To use it to indicate event sensitivity you must check the appropriate option in the Database Configuration (Options Menu) under the Sure Tab.

Sure Field

You may enter a number from 0 to 3 in this field.  It is used to indicate the certainty you have in the information entered for that event. If you are absolutely certain of the information, enter a 3. If you are totally uncertain, enter a 0. All sure fields default to 0 when an individual is first added.  This field is not printed on most reports.

Sensitive Field

When the internal field is used to indicate event sensitivity, the Event Edit Window will show a option box which when checked will indicate that this is a sensitive event. Sensitive events then may be suppressed when exporting a GEDCOM file or printing certain reports. When you export a GEDCOM file or print a report that will suppress sensitive events you will also have an option to include or exclude sensitive events.

The following reports allow suppression of sensitive events: Story Reports, Family Group Sheets, and the Individual Summary. Other reports may actually print a sensitive event. For example, the Standard Individual List will print birth and death dates regardless of whether they have been marked as sensitive.


iii. Date Fields
ii. Edit Menu: Individual Events Editor - Date Fields

In Version 2.08 a major change was made to date fields. Prior to this version date fields were free format up to 30 characters, although it was highly suggested that you enter dates under the valid format of DD MMM YYYY. For earlier databases, the dates will be automatically reformatted when you open a database created prior to Version 2.08. For dates that are not in the standard DD MMM YYYY format you may be asked to correct it during the conversion process.

An entry such as 12/06/73 is ambiguous. Is that date December 6th or June 12th?  Is it 1973 or 1873? If you enter the full year 12/06/1973 then the program will convert it based on the rules you selected in the Program Configuration (Options Menu) - as to whether the month is 12 or 06.

The genealogical standard of entering dates is the format: DD MMM YYYY. For example: 12 Jun 1874 and 20 Apr 1991. (To keep matters clear it is normal to write the date shown in the document you are using, rather than trying to convert to the Gregorian calendar.) You might wish to read the chapter on Dates and Calendars later in the printed manual.

To allow added flexibility, you can set the default date entry format with the Program Configuration under the Options Menu. You may select one of two different date entry formats. When entering dates with your selected format, the date will automatically be converted to the standard DD MMM YYYY format. If you enter in anything which does not follow the format you have configured, no change will take place, i.e. the field remains free-format. Please read the Detailed Reference section on Program Configuration.

The character used for spacing can be any non-alpha-numeric character. Thus if you selected the date entry option of MM/DD/YYYY, you could enter January 12th, 1956 as 01/12/1956 or 01-12-1956 or 01 12 1956 or even 01.12.1956.

The most common calendar in use is the Western or Gregorian Calendar - which is the default, although you may select another calendar. (The date calculator only works with the Gregorian Calendar.) Most dates you enter will be Normal dates. If you only know the year or the month and the year, this is still considered a Normal date. If the date given is approximate, you should select the About date type. You may also designate a date as Before or After the shown date. You may know that an event occurred sometime Between two dates. In such a case two date fields will be presented. Some events, such as an occupation or address may not be single day events, but extend over a period of time. In these cases, select the From type and you can enter the beginning and ending date of the event.

Let me also warn you that there are a couple of reports which rely on the standard date format: the statistics report and the time line report are examples. To calculate ages and show years, the date must be in the expected format or the dates will be treated as though they were left blank in these reports.

Tied to the date field is the Date Calculator. You may press the Date Calculator Button to access it from the Event Editor. When you do, the date in the date field will be placed in the first date field of the Date Calculator. You can also copy a date from the Date Calculator to the date field if so desired. (See the section on the Date Calculator for further details.)


iv. Place Fields
iii. Edit Menu: Individual Events Editor - Place Fields

You may enter a place name up to 200 characters long in the place field.

Place names usually consist of three (occasionally two or four) names: City, County/Province, State/Country. Below are several examples of place names:

Clarksville, Montgomery, Tennessee

Stavanger, Rogaland, Norway

Logan, Cache, Utah

Mosbjerg, Hjorring, Denmark

You may also enter other information here if you wish. For example you might wish to include a Cemetery name for a burial or a church name for a baptism or christening. Here are a couple of examples:

St. John's Church, High Street, Malvern, England

Rose Cemetery, Nashville, Davidson, Tennessee

You only need enter a place name once. If the place name you wish to use is already in the database there are several ways you can "re-enter" that name.  If you re-type the name, no new place name will be added to the place name file. But you must enter the name exactly identical to the way it was entered the first time or it will create a new place name.  If you have done this accidentally, use the Merge Place Name option under the Edit Place Name option of the Tools Menu.

There are two ways you can select a place name that has already been entered in the place name file:

1. If the record number of the desired place name is known, simply enter a period and then the number in the place name field.  After pressing the tab key (or clicking on another field), the place name will be automatically filled in. For example, suppose I remember that Clarksville, Montgomery, Tennessee is record number 5, I can type .5 in the place field, press the tab key and the place field will change to show the appropriate place name. (The reason you are required to enter a period is to differentiate from something like an address which will likely begin with a number also.)

2. If you cannot remember the number of the place name desired you can press Select Place Button to access a pop up window which lists the place names sorted alphabetically. Select the desired name desired and press enter to copy it to the place field. You may select the place name by paging down through the list, or begin entering the name at the top of the list and the list will scroll to the nearest alphabetical location in the list.

For those using the LDS ordinance events (BAPL, ENDL, SLGC, SLGS) Id suggest that you enter the entire temple name and location rather than the temple codes in general use by the LDS Church. When a story report is printed it will look nicer to say that a person was endowed in the Atlanta Temple, Atlanta, Georgia rather than that they were endowed in the ATLANT.

If this is any information in the date or place field of an LDS ordinance event, the TempleReady program will not clear that event for temple work. Therefore it is okay to place any of the following words into a date or place field:

Stillborn

Do not seal

Infant

Completed

Done

Submitted

Do not clear

If a child has been born in the covenant you should enter BIC into the date field of  the Sealing to Parents Event. This will cause the correct story sentence to be generated.


v. Miscellaneous Data Field
iv. Edit Menu: Individual Events Editor - Miscellaneous Data

At first it may be difficult to understand what the miscellaneous data field is used for, but think of it as additional information to an event. The actual type of information entered into this field will depend on the particular event. As an example the Baptism event expects this field to contain the name of the person who baptized the individual, and the Identification Tag A expects this to be a tag number. Basically, this field is used for anything other than a place that would complete the story sentence. See the Tutorial Section for more details on how this field is used.

Data can be entered into the miscellaneous data field the same way data is entered into the place field. You can type the information directly in, enter a period and the record number or select an existing misc data by pressing the Select Misc Button. The misc data field can be up to 200 characters long.


vii. Event Notes
v. Edit Menu: Individual Events Editor - Event Notes

You may wish to include further biographical information about each event as you go along. Simply press the Event Note Button to enter the Text Editor. You can enter up to 32,000 characters in an event note. This is approximately 9-10 printed pages. I would suggest that you enter most of your biographical information within event notes rather than general individual notes. Doing this will keep your story in proper sequence. (See The Lund Family Heritage book which accompanies this manual for samples of these story reports.)

For further details on the use of the Text Editor see the Notes Help for the Individual Editor.


Sources
vi. Edit Menu: Individual Events Editor - Sources

Event sources work exactly like individual sources. Please refer to the Source Information for the Individual Editor (Edit menu) for more details.


Edit Menu: Add Individual (No Links)
C. Edit Menu: Add Individual (No Links)

There are times when you may wish to add an individual (or group of individuals) to your database who is not related to anyone else in your database, or rather, you cannot find the relationship but believe that at a later date you will find it. You can add these individuals with this option.

After selecting this item, you will immediately be presented with the Individual Editor Window. After you are finished adding a no-link person and have closed the window, that person will become the key individual.  You can then add a spouse, parents or children if desired.  Since this individual is not related to any other in the database, the only way you can get back to the other "branch" is to use the NameSearch or IRN Change Options.


Edit Menu: Insert Child
D. Edit Menu: Insert Child

This option allows you to insert a child into the list of children on the main screen. First point to the child who was born immediately after the child you wish to insert. (This option also has a short-cut key, the Insert [Ins] key.) This command works exactly like pressing return on the "--Add Child--" field except that it will insert the new individual as a child in the proper order.


Edit Menu: Delete Individual
E. Edit Menu: Delete Individual

This option deletes the individual which the pointer is pointing to. (This option also has a short-cut key, the delete [Del] key.) Before deletion, however, a prompt will request verification.  This command will not work if you are pointing at the top individual in a Family Group.  To delete that individual, change the family group to show him/her as a spouse, parent or child.  Nor can you delete the individual with IRN #1. There is also an option to delete an individual by entering his/her IRN.  Before deletion, a prompt will request verification.


Edit Menu: Merge Individuals
F. Edit Menu: Merge Individuals

Suppose that during your research, you had actually entered the same individual twice into the database. The Merge Individual function allows you to merge these two records into one. Select the Merge Individuals option from the Relations Menu. First you should select the record of the individual you wish to use as the primary record.  Then select the secondary record. You will be presented with a screen asking you to verify the merging of these two records before the merge takes place.

When two records are merged, the name of the individual in the primary record is retained. Events from the secondary individual will be added at the end of the events of the primary individual. You may need to delete these if they are duplicates. In addition any parents, adopted parents or spouses attached to the secondary individual (which are not already connected to the primary individual) will be connected to the primary individual. The secondary record will be deleted.

Rules governing retained relationships:

1. If the primary individual already has parents, the secondary parents are simply dropped. If the primary individual does not have parents, then that individual will be connected as a child to the parents of the secondary individual.

2. Adoptive parents have the same rule as the parents rule above.

3. All marriages of both individuals will be retained up to 12 marriages. Thus any marriages to the secondary individual will be added to the primary individual. This may not be the final result you wish to have. For example if the individual was married only once and the spouse is shown under both individuals (meaning the spouse was duplicated also) then the final primary individual will show two marriages to two different individuals (different IRNs) with the same names. If one individual has one spouse and the other a different spouse then the merge function will work as you would like.

A less likely problem will occur if the resulting individual would have over 12 marriages. For example, if the primary individual has 8 marriages and the secondary individual has 8 marriages, the resulting primary individual will have 12 marriages: the first 8 will be the initial 8 of the primary individual and the remaining 4 will be the first four of the secondary individual.

As a suggestion, if you have more than one person duplicated (perhaps an entire branch of the family tree) you may wish to simply delete the second set if you feel there is no further information in the second set than in the first set. This would avoid a lot of the relationship problems (mentioned above) resulting from merging a number of individuals. Even if there is simply a simgle duplicated individual it is just as easy - and perhaps cleaner - to simply delete the second person rather than do the merge.


Edit Menu: Child Order
G. Edit Menu: Child Order

This option allows the children to be sorted by their proper order, although they were not entered in the order in which the births occurred.  It works very similar to the Multiple Marriages Order window.  You simply point to the individual that needs to be moved and press the Move Up or Move Down Button until they are in the correct location.


Edit Menu: Multiple Marriage Order
H. Edit Menu: Multiple Marriage Order

This option allows multiple marriages to be sorted by their proper order, although they were not entered in the order in which the marriages took place.  It is important to enter the spouses in the order of their marriages to the key individual. You simply point to the individual that needs to be moved and press the Move Up or Move Down Button until they are in the correct location.


Edit Menu: Fix Relationships
I. Edit Menu: Fix Relationships

The options on the Fix Relationship sub-menu (of the Edit Menu) replaces the old Linkage Editor used in Version 1. There are several purposes for the Fix Relationship Options. With it you can link two individuals together in marriage when both of them are already in the database; you can remove a husband, wife or child from a marriage without deleting him/her from the database; or you can add a person - who already exists in the database - as a husband, wife or child to an existing marriage.

There are two types of Links you can fix: Connect a person or Disconnect a person.

Connecting a Person to the Key Individual

To connect a wife, husband, child or adopted child (that already exists in the database) to the key individual you simply make the appropriate selection from the Fix Relationship menu. You may then enter the IRN of the desired individual or press the NameSearch button to find the person by name. Pressing Ok will make the connection which will immediately be reflected on screen.

Disconnecting a Person from the Key Individual

To disconnect a wife, husband, child (including an adopted child), parents or adopted parents from the key individual, simply make appropriate selection from the Fix Relationship menu. You will then have the opportunity to confirm the disconnection before it is made. The changes will immediately be reflected on screen.


Edit Menu: User Information
J. Edit Menu: User Information

The User Information Editor is the access to your name and address and the Database Title shown in the title bar of the program. Your name and address may also be printed on the reports and is the default footnote on all reports. When printing reports you can also change the footnote to something else or delete the information and print no footnotes. Your name and address are also used in the GEDCOM Export and Tiny Tafel Export files.


Edit Menu: Password
K. Edit Menu: Password

You may protect your CFT-Win Database with a password. In this window you can change the password. My suggestion is to not put in a password, as the day may come when other family members may wish access to your data and you have taken the secret password to the grave with you. However, if there are others who use your computer (like a cantankerous teenager) you may wish to password protect your database. If you ever forget your password and desperately need to get into the database, please call me at the technical support listed on the back of the title page of this manual.


Change Menu: Name Search
A. Change Menu: Name Search

Selecting this item will bring up a window allowing you to select an individual by name. As you will see the names are listed in surname alphabetical order.  You can page down or page up while in the name search.  However, there is a very easy way to select the individual you wish without paging down forever.  At the top of the window you may begin entering the name of the person you desire. The list of individuals will begin scrolling to show the closest person in alphabetical order. You can enter as many or as few characters as you wish. Simply point at the individual you want and press the enter key to make this person the key individual.

You will also notice that to help you select the appropriate individual, there is some more information to the right of the name: IRN, number of marriages, an asterisk indicating whether the person has parents, and an asterisk indicating that the person has adopted parents. Normally there is also shown the birth date and place. Thus, if you have different individuals with the same name (as occurs often in extended families) you will be able to identify the right person.

You may change the event date and place to another event or to show the misc data rather than the place. This would be useful for cases where you might wish to display a User ID number rather than birth date and place. To change the displayed event in the NameSearch you must select the Name Search Display item under the Options Menu. (See the details on that option later in the Detailed Reference section of this manual.)

Accented characters (such as È Ç Ø æ ñ) are sorted as if they were not accented. Therefore you should simply enter the unaccented character in the NameSearch when searching for a name with one of these characters.


Change Menu: Entering IRN
B. Change Menu: Entering IRN

Choosing this option allows you to enter the IRN of any individual in the database and make that person the current key individual.


Change Menu: Ancestral Tree
C. Change Menu: Ancestral Tree

Selecting this option will display a pedigree (ancestral tree) of the ancestors of the current key individual. You may use the arrow keys or the mouse to highlight any of the individuals on the tree. You can even shift the tree to the left and to the right as you go up and down the tree. Click with the mouse on the arrows on either side of the window to move the tree one generation. As you move down the tree by clicking on the left arrow, if there is more than one child, you will be presented with a window to select which child you would like to show on the left. If there is more than one marriage, you will have to select the marriage and then the child.


Change Menu: Adoptions
D. Change Menu: Adoptions

A person may have two sets of parents in Cumberland Family Tree: a set of natural parents and a set of adopted parents.  The adoption function works differently depending on which individual you are pointing at. Selecting this option has no effect if you are pointing at the spouse, father or mother.

If you are pointing at a child, selecting this option will mark that child as being adopted by the current key individual and spouse, as long as that individual does not already have adopted parents.  Selecting this option while pointing at a child will only work if there is not an A or N already to the left of his/her name.  An A indicates that the parents shown are adopted parents. An N indicates that the parents shown are natural parents and that the individual also has adopted parents. No letter in the Adopt column indicates that the parents shown are natural parents and that there are no adopted parents.

If you are pointing at the key individual, selecting this option will cause the father and mother to toggle between the natural and adopted parents. To help you better understand this I will explain the exact method of entering natural and adopted parents for a given key individual.

Suppose you have an individual "Joseph P.  Tuttle", who you know both his natural and adopted parents. Bring Joe up as the key individual and add his natural parents through the "Add Father" and "Add Mother" options just as you normally would. Now to add his adopted parents, simply point to the key individual and select the Adoption option from the Change Menu (or press A or the Adoption button on the bottom toolbar). You will see an "A" appear to the left of his name and his natural parents will be gone. You will see that you can now use the "Add Father" and "Add Mother" functions to add his adopted parents. The "A" to the left of Joe's name will remind you that these are his adopted parents.

To toggle back to his natural parents, point to Joe and press "A" again. You will see his natural parents appear in the Father and Mother locations. You will also notice an "N" to the left of Joe's name. This is to remind you that although these are Joe's natural parents, he does have a set of adopted parents.

You can also add a set of adopted parents for an individual, even though you do not know his/her natural parents. Simply, do not add the father and mother as in the above example, press "A" and add his adopted parents. The natural parent slots will simply remain empty. You can also simply add the adopted child as a child while the adopted parents are the key individual and spouse, point to the child and select the Adoption option from the Change Menu.

If there is a mix-up in the adoptions and you do not wish to delete any names from the database, use the Fix Relationships options to link and un-link adopted parents as well as natural parents. See the Fix Relationships for more details.


Change Menu: Other Marriage
E. Change Menu: Other Marriage

Selecting this item will cause a pop-up window to appear, showing all spouses for the current key individual.  Use the pointer to select the spouse you wish to show as the spouse of the key individual, then press enter.  Only the children associated with that marriage should be included on the main family group.

This screen is also used for adding other marriages.  To add another spouse, simply point to the "Add Marriage" item and press enter/return.  The Individual Edit Window will appear requesting the name of the spouse, followed by the Family/Marriage Window.

Deleting a marriage will remove the marriage, but not the individuals. This option could result in individuals not tied to the main family structure.


Change Menu: Spouse/ Father/ Mother
F. Change Menu: Spouse/ Father/ Mother

These three items, Father, Mother, and Spouse, will immediately change the key individual to the father, mother or currently shown spouse of the current key individual.


Change Menu: Child
G. Change Menu: Child

If you are pointing to a child, selecting this item automatically cause that child to become the key individual. If you are not pointing at a child, selecting this item will cause a pop-up window to appear, listing all of the children of the current Family Group.  Pointing and pressing enter for the desired child will cause the key individual to be changed to the selected child.


Tools Menu: Set Bookmark
A. Tools Menu: Set Bookmark

With this option you can set a bookmark within your database. This makes it easy to quickly go to that location at a later time. You may set up to 10 bookmarks labeled A through J. With the key individual set to the location you wish to set as a bookmark, select the Set Bookmark option from the Tools Menu (or click the Set Bookmark Button on the top toolbar). When presented with the Set Bookmark window, highlight the bookmark you wish to set: A through J and press the Ok button.

When the database is first opened, it will open to the individual set as Bookmark A. If no Bookmark A is set the database will open to IRN #1.

B. Tools Menu: Goto Bookmark

Use this option to go to a bookmark that was previously set with the Set Bookmark option. Select the Goto Bookmark option from the Tools Menu (or click the Goto Bookmark Button on the top toolbar). Select the bookmark you wish to go to: A through J and press the Ok Button.


Tools Menu: Global Search
C. Tools Menu: Global Search

The Global Search Tool allows you to search for specific text in any field of the database. At the top of the Global Search window you enter the text you wish to search for. You may then mark which fields you wish to search. Highlighting the field in the list and pressing the Mark/Unmark Search Field button will set or remove the mark (an asterisk). After all desired fields are marked press the Search Button. A list of search results will be displayed and you will have the option of printing the results.


Relations Menu: Relationship Calculator
D. Tools Menu: Relationship Calculator

The relationship calculator allows you to choose any two individuals in the database and calculate their relationship to each other. This option only works for blood relations and not for in-laws or relations through marriage. If there is no relationship found, the screen will tell you that there is no relationship.

To select an individual press one of the NameSearch Buttons to select the two individuals. After selecting the second individual, the program will search the family tree to determine the relationship of the two individuals.


Tools Menu: Date Calculator
E. Tools Menu: Date Calculator

This option will present you a screen in which you can enter two dates and obtain the number of years, months and days between them. Or you can enter the beginning or ending date and the years, months and date and calculate the other date. The dates you enter must be in the standard DD MMM YYYY format for the calculations to work properly. You may enter dates in the format selected in the Program Configuration (Options Menu) and the program will convert them to the standard format after pressing the tab key or clicking on another field.

To do a calculation, simply enter the appropriate figures and press the appropriate button. A calendar for the month of both dates is also displayed. The calendar will work for any date since 1 AD However, all dates are based on the Gregorian Calendar and since there was a calendar change in 1752 (in the United States), dates are not really valid for dates prior to that time. The calendar change occurred at different times for various European countries. (See the chapter on Dates and Calendars later in this manual.)


Tools Menu: Scanned Image List
F. Tools Menu: Scanned Image List

The Scanned Image List is a handy tool which will produce a listing of all photos and scanned documents in your database. It will show you which images are associated with which individual or document and whether there are any missing images or images in your directory which are not being used by the database.


Tools Menu: Name Case Change
G. Tools Menu: Name Case Change

This option will change all names in the database to the appropriate case as selected: ALL UPPER CASE, All Proper Case, all lower case. You may select which portion of the name you wish to change: Whole Name, Before Surname, Surname or After Surname.


Tools Menu: Database Verification
H. Tools Menu: Database Verification

This option will check your database for the following possible error conditions. It may be that there really is no error, but you should check all individuals that show up in this report. Under the Options button you may select or deselect which of this conditions you wish to check for.

1. Disconnected individuals - no parents or marriages.

2. Birth or Christening before a parents marriage date.

3. Event order. (Based on event date.)

4. Marriage age comparison. You may select the age of marriages to check for.

5. Child birth order. (Based on birth date or christening date if no birth.)

6. Child with link to Family with no parents.

(First run the Rebuild Key Files option from the Tools menu. The Rebuild option will automatically repair many linkage errors. If linkage errors still show up after the rebuild, then attempt to correct these errors with the Fix Relationship Options by removing all connections then re-connecting the individuals together again. In really bad cases you may need to actually completely delete the offending individuals and enter them back into the database.)

7. Family Linkage Errors.

(First run the Rebuild Key Files option from the Tools menu. The Rebuild option will automatically repair many linkage errors. However, you may wish to write down those shown - or print the report - and double check the relationships after the Rebuild has been run. If linkage errors still show up after the rebuild, then attempt to correct these errors with the Fix Relationship Options by removing all connections then re-connecting the individuals together again. In really bad cases you may need to actually completely delete the offending individuals and enter them back into the database.)

You may also print the final Database Verification report.


Tools Menu: Rebuild Key Files
I. Tools Menu: Rebuild Key Files

This option will rebuild the Key (Index) files associated with each of the files in your database. The most obvious reason to do this is when suddenly it seems like things are no longer showing in alphabetical order - such as in the NameSearch or on printed reports. There is no need to ever be hesitant about rebuilding the key files. It does not do any harm to rebuild the files on a regular basis and may do some good. Generally, your key files should remain intact, but occasionally for some reason or other (generally unknown) they may need to be rebuilt. This option will also update the birth and death dates in the INDIVID.DAT file, as well as the Photo Attached indicator. If the dates showing up on the main screen dont match those in the individuals event records, then try rebuilding the INDIVID.DAT file. The Rebuild will also automatically repair some linakge errors that may show up during the Database Verification procedure.

There are two new options in the Rebuild Window (added in Version 2.04) that may need some explanation.

1. Auto Sort Event Dates. If this option is checked, events for each individual will be automatically sorted based on the date. For blank dates, events will move with events just prior. You can check these and change the order in the Individual Edit Window.

2. Correct Living Flag. With this option checked you need to also set the death age at which to correct the Living flag. For example, if the age is 100 then this option will set all Living flags off for people born more than 100 years ago that do not have a death date and will set the Living flag on for people born less than 100 years ago that do not have a death date. Although this may be a useful tool, you may have to make some corrections after running it as you may still find you have dead individuals without death dates that were born less than 100 years ago that will need to be manually changed. You may also have someone still living who is more than 100 years old. The Living flag will need to be changed for that person.

3. Add Default Events if Missing. This option will add the default individual and marriage events shown in the Database Configuration (Options Menu) to every person in the database that does not currently have these events. All new default events added during the rebuild process will be added at the end of the event list for each person and you may need to edit each individual and rearrange the events as necessary. Use this option with care as there is no way of removing the events added without doing it individually for each person.

4. Remove all Unused Events. This option is the exact opposite of the one above. You cannot select both of these options at the same time. All events without any data will be removed from the database if this option is checked.


Editors Menu: Place Name Editor
A. Editors Menu: Place Name Editor

With the Place Name Editor you can access the list of place names in your database. Place names are normally added to your database while entering events for individuals. You may edit, add, delete and even merge place names. Using the Place Name Editor is quite straight forward. You should be aware that when using the delete button, the program will make you wait while it searches through all events to remove all references to that place name. This may take some time. The same is true if you merge two place names. The program must change all references in any events to reflect the merged place name change.


Editors Menu: Misc Data Editor
B. Editors Menu: Miscellaneous Data Editor

The Miscellaneous Data Editor works identically to the Place Name Editor. Miscellaneous Data is normally added to your database while entering events for individuals. You may edit, add, delete and even merge descriptions. You should be aware that when using the delete button, the program will make you wait while it searches through all events to remove all references to that data. This may take some time. The same is true if you merge two miscellaneous data records. The program must change all references in any events to reflect the merged change.


Editors Menu: Source Note Editor
C. Editors Menu: Source Note Editor

The Source Note Editor also works identically to the Place Name Editor. Source Notes are normally added to your database while entering events for individuals. You may edit, add, delete and even merge Source Notes. You should be aware that when using the delete button, the program will make you wait while it searches through all events to remove all references to that source. This may take some time. The same is true if you merge two sources. The program must change all references in any events to reflect the merged source note change.


Editors Menu: Documents Editor
D. Editors Menu: Documents Editor

Use the Documents Editor to add full transcripts of documents, scanned document images and miscellaneous notes and comments. A document can be referenced as a source from the Individual or Events Editor, but all documents do not need to be referenced as a source. This allows you to enter miscellaneous documents such as letters, things-to-do lists, chapter commentary for the indexed book, or whatever you wish.

When creating a new document, you may enter text or images or both. When adding imagesyou may add up to 250 images per document. See the Text Editor under the Individual Notes Section for further information on entering text items.

(See Individual Photos earlier in this manual for more detailed instructions on scanning and printing images.)


Editors Menu: Standard Event Editor
E. Editors Menu: Standard Event Editor

In CFT-Win an Event represents an event in a persons life. Most events are recorded as one day happenings: a birth, a death, a marriage, etc. However, an event can have a date of several years, such as an occupation. A CFT-Win event can also be something other than an event, such as a tag or user ID number. The vast majority of events which you will use have already been included in CFT-Wins list of events. However, you can add to this list if you so desire. If you wish to create a new event, or edit or delete an existing event, you use the Standard Event Editor. (This option can also be accessed after a database has been opened.) If you are using a language other than English, you should still use all English when you add or edit Standard Events under this editor. Then go to the Language Editor under the Options Menu to translate to your desired language.

When you create an event, you need to specify the event type. An individual event is one that can be added to an individual window: a birth or death for example. A family event is one that can only be added to a family/ marriage window. You also need to specify the Standard. Most of the events that come with CFT-Win are GEDCOM standard events. This means that when a GEDCOM file is created, those events have special tags that get generated. There are also a number of CFT-Win standard events. When you add your own, you should designate them as User events. Both the CFT-Win and User events will create special event tags in a GEDCOM export and they can both be imported to another CFT-Win database. However, other genealogy programs may not support these events and will likely not transport properly to other programs. (For further details see GEDCOM Import/ Export Utilities later in this manual.)

The Tag for GEDCOM standard events is the valid GEDCOM tag. For CFT-Win and User events these tags should be unique - meaning dont use the same tag as an already existing one. The misc data field should normally be entered in Proper Case (first letters in upper, others in lower case). The story sentence fragments will be used to help create the popular story reports and you should pay close attention as to how to enter these sentence fragments. Many events do not use a description. The best way to illustrate these is with a few examples:

Event	Verb	Place Preposition	Desc Preposition
Birth	was born	at
Baptism	was baptized	at	by
Business Startup	started a business	at	called
Graduation	graduated	from	with a degree in

The following information is added to the events for Ira Johan Lund:

Event	Date	Place	Description
Birth	20 Jul 1955	Preston, Franklin, Idaho
Baptism	27 Jul 1963	Franklin Stake Center, Preston, Idaho	his father, Leonard B. Lund
Business Startup	in the spring of 1991	Clarksville, Montgomery, Tennessee	Cumberland Family Software
Graduation	14 Dec 1984	the University of Texas at Tyler	Computer Science

Now notice how these sentence fragments are used to construct sentences:

Birth: Ira Johan Lund was born 20 Jul 1955 at Preston, Franklin, Idaho.

Baptism: Ira Johan Lund was baptized 27 Jul 1963 at Franklin Stake Center, Preston, Idaho by his father, Leonard B. Lund.

Business Startup: Ira Johan Lund started a business in the spring of 1991 at Clarksville, Montgomery, Tennessee called Cumberland Family Software.

Graduation: Ira Johan Lund graduated 14 Dec 1984 from the University of Texas at Tyler with a degree in Computer Science.

Hopefully, this will give you an idea of how to use the sentence fragments to create your own events.

TIP: It would be wise not to change any of the events which are tagged as GEDCOM Standard Events.


Options Menu: Database Configuration
A. Options Menu: Database Configuration

The Database Configuration contains five tabbed sheets with options you can set as described below.

Individual and Family Events

The default events you set here will be added to each new individual you add to the database. Of course you may add or remove events to each individual on a case by case basis also.

When you first create a database the following events and flags will be set and initialized as follows: 4 Individual Events - Birth, Christening, Death and Burial, 1 Family Event - Marriage, and the fixed flag called Living is checked. These events are quite standard. If you are LDS you may also wish to include these three events for an individual: BAPL (LDS baptism), ENDL (endowment), and SLGC (sealed to parents) and the SLGS (seal to spouse) event for a default family event. There may also be other events which you wish to add to every individual. You might wish to record their religion, occupation, address or some other event.

Note on Christening and Baptism: Although a christening and a baptism are basically the same thing, in typical genealogical terms a christening is an infant baptism that would occur shortly after a childs birth and could be used as a substitute for birth in case of no birth date being known. A baptism would be used for a child or adult which could not be used as a birth date substitute. In various reports and on screen in CFT-Win, a christening date is automatically used as a birth date substitute when no birth date is found. A baptism date will not be used as a birth date substitute.

Flags

The Living flag is unchecked to indicate that someone is no longer living even though a death or burial date is not known. Whenever a death or burial date is entered, this flag will automatically be unchecked. In this Window, the setting on the user defined flags indicate what the value will be whenever you add a new individual. If you are working for a time on living family member, you may wish to check the Living flag. When you switch to working on deceased family members, you might wish to uncheck it. Of course, you can change these flags with each individual, but if it is set here, you wont have to change it for every one you add.

You cannot change the flags within each individual as you can events.  Once you have defined the flags for use with a particular database and have started setting individuals flags, do not change the order of the flags. When you set the second flag for an individual to "Y"es, it will remain "Y"es even if you later come to this option and change the name of the flag.  If you do want to change the flag names, you must go back through every individual and reset all the flags.

Sure

In earlier versions of Cumberland Family Tree (prior to Ver 2.20) this field was always a sure field - which is described in more detail in the Edit Event Window. Since Version 2.20 you now have the option to use this field for another purpose - that of indicating a sensitive event. Any event which is marked sensitive can be suppressed when printed with certain reports or the GEDCOM export.

For a New Database, the default is to use this field for sureity (certainty). If you wish to use it to indicate sensitivity then be sure to set the Event Option Field to Use field to indicate Sensitive Event. Different entry fields will be presented in the Edit Event Window depending on what you have selected here. If you have opted to use it as a sensitive field then you will have the option to suppress or print an event marked as sensitive in the following reports: Story Reports, Family Group Sheets, and the Individual Summary. Other reports may actually print a marked sensitive event. For example, the Standard Individual List will print birth and death dates regardless of whether they have been marked as sensitive.

If you have been using this field as a sure field and wish to change to using it for event sensitivity, then you can use the second group of options shown in the Database Configuration under the Sure tab. Once you have set the Event Option Field to Use field to indicate Sensitive Event, you will notice that the Set Option Field allows you to initially set ALL events as Sensitive or Non-sensitive. Since most events will likely be non-sensitive, I suggest you choose that option, then press the Set Fields button. Be prepared to wait for the program to process all events and reset the sure/sensitive field.

Name

The NameSearch Display Option is used to change the event date and place shown to the right in the NameSearch. You may select the event date you wish to show and choose between displaying place name or miscellaneous data. Normally this is set to display the birth date and place. The most common alternative would be to display a user ID tag of some sort. (Selecting something other than Birth will cause the NameSearch to work considerably slower. The birth date and place are contained in the individual file, but any other event must be searched for, causing a slow-down.)

To use European surname sorting rules make sure to check the last option under the Other Tab. You will easily see the names sorting in the NameSearch and on other reports according to the examples shown below. Using Dutch sorting rules, the last name within the surname brackets are sorted first. The algorithm searches for the last blank space within the surname brackets, so hyphenated surnames will still sort properly. Only surnames with spaces will be affected.

Language	Name in Editor	Normal Sorting	European Surname Sorting
Dutch:	Ted /van der VOORST/	van der VOORST, Ted	VOORST, van der, Ted
	Martin /van DIJK/	van DIJK, Martin	DIJK, van, Martin
German:	Wilhelm /Von ACHEN/	Von ACHEN, Wilhelm	ACHEN, Von, Wilhelm
	Johann /Von EHE/	Von EHE, Johann	EHE, Von, Johann
French:	Thomas /de la HAYE/	de la HAYE, Thomas	HAYE, de la, Thomas
	Jeanne /de VERDUN/	de VERDUN, Jeanne	VERDUN, de, Jeanne
Italian:	Violette /della TORRE/	della TORRE, Violette	TORRE, della, Violette
	Paola /de ROSSO/	de ROSSO, Paola	ROSSO, de, Paola
Spanish:	Jose /del MUNDO/	del MUNDO, Jose	MUNDO, del, Jose
	Juan /del ROSARIO/	del ROSARIO, Juan	ROSARIO, del, Juan
English:	Ira Johan /LUND/	LUND, Ira Johan	LUND, Ira Johan
no change	Norm /GREY-SMITH/	GREY-SMITH, Norm	GREY-SMITH, Norm

The Hispanic surname option will add the mothers surname to the fathers surname when adding a child. The father surname is bracketed and the mothers surname comes after the regular surname. Example:

Daniel Jose /Villarrea/ Garcia

Other

The image sub-directory is the directory where you wish to store your scanned photos and document images. The default directory is the CFTW current database directory, but you may change this to any directory you wish. To reduce the backup file size it is recommended that images NOT be placed in the database directory.

If you wish the program to automatically backup your database each time you close the database you may check the next box. You will also need to select a file name to back up to. If you backup to a diskette you will need to make certain you have the diskette in the appropriate drive before you close the database.


Options Menu: Program Configuration
B. Options Menu: Program Configuration

In the Program Configuration are two tabs: General and Toolbars & Ind-Editor.

General Tab

Under the General Tab you may set two options: the database to open on program startup and the date entry format.

If you select a database to be opened on program startup, then whenever you start CFT-Win, it will immediately bypass the Main Program Dialogue and open the selected database. If you are constantly working on a single database (as most people will be) this will be a great time saver.

The Date Entry Format is used for converting dates to the proper genealogical date. A proper genealogical date is of the format: DD MMM YYYY. For example: 21 Feb 1995, 20 Jul 1955, 02 Sep 1867. However, if you would rather type in numeric dates, the program will automatically convert them to the genealogical format. Depending on which country you are from you may choose an entry format of DD/MM/YYYY or MM/DD/YYYY. As an examples if I entered the following date into a date field of the Event Editor: 02.12.1878 and I had selected the format MM/DD/YYYY then it would be converted to 12 Feb 1878. If I had selected the format of DD/MM/YYYY then it would be converted to 02 Dec 1878. You may use any divider between the day, month and year when entering dates into a date field. Common dividers are a space, a slash /, a period ., or a dash -. As will be explained in the Event Editor section, date fields are free format. If you do not enter a date recognized by the computer as a valid date format, the date will not be converted, but will remain as entered. This allows you to enter unusual dates such as Christmas Day 1765.

Toolbars & Ind-Editor

Unde this tab you may set whether to display the Toolbars, the icon size and whether to display the toolbars at the top or bottom of the main window. All options selectable on the toolbars are also available in the Menu.

You can also set the Individual Editor to display either the Flags or a wider event list. The wider event list will include the second date (like used in from or between dates) and also display BC and AD for dates less than 100 AD.


Options Menu: Language
C. Options Menu: Language

There are four Tabs in the Language Dialogue.

Set Language

Here you may select languages other than English to display in printed reports and/or in the menu system. In the Set Language box all you need to do is simply select the desired languages.

Edit Language

You may also add a new language and edit existing languages. If you add a new language, all language words and phrases will not be added until after you have edited that language once. On first editing the language all words and phrases will be set to their English equivalent and you may then change any or all to the new language. The list of words and phrases to translate will include all information from the Standard Events. Thus, if you ever add a new Standard Event, you should always add it in English, then go to the Language Editor to translate the words and phrases of that event to your desired language.

If you have translated to a language not currently in CFT-Win (including Spanish) and wish to share it with others, please send me your LANGUAGE.TPS and STDEVE.TPS files and I will incorporate your language into the next release of CFT-Win.

Translate Months

This option is a holdover from earlier version which internally stored months in various foreign languages. Currently ALL dates are internally stored as English, even though you may have set the report language to something other than English and are able to enter and view in the selected language. For new users you should never use this option. It is here for users who may have an earlier version (pre-2.20 of CFT-Win) and has internal dates stored in languages other than English. If this is the case you should run this option to translate internally stored dates back to English. When this is done, months are automatically translated on-the-fly from English to the chosen language when viewed on screen or printed on reports. This allows you to easily change languages and you will immediately see months in the new chosen language.

Sort Order

If you wish to customize the order of accented or foreign characters then change the Sort Standard to Custom. Simply move the characters up or down to get them in the order you wish to have in your database. The Reset button places them in the order that the characters show up in the Windows Character Map (ANSI sort order). If you ever change the Sort Order, you will then need to re-sort (or Rebuild Key Files) for lists to work properly. After changing the Sort Order and attempting to close the Language Window you will be prompted to go ahead and have the current database ReSorted.

Warning: Normally all Language Options apply to ALL databases. However, the Sort Order only applies to the currently selected database. If you wish to change the sort order for all of your databases, you will need to change to the Custom Option for each database. All New Databases default to the CFT-Win Sort Order Standard.

The CFT-Win Sort Standard

(Works the same for both upper and lower case letters)

These letters are sorted the same as -	these letters
ÀÁÂÃÄÅ	A
Æ	AE
ÈÉÊË	E
ÌÍÎÏ	I
ÒÓÔÕÖØ	O
ÙÚÛÜ	U
Ñ	N
Ð	D
ß	SS
Þ	P
Ýÿ	Y
Ç	C


E. The Help System
Detailed Reference - Chapter 9. The Help System

The Help Menu contains several options that are standard on Windows programs. The Contents item will take you to the Help Table of Contents, from which you can select any topic to read about. The entire Tutorial and Detailed Reference section of this manual is contained in the Help System.

In addition to the main Help Menu, you may press the F1 key at almost any window to receive help on that subject.


Appendix A: Trouble Shooting

Trouble Shooting Suggestions

Possible Error Messages

Recovering from a lockup

Known Problems


Trouble Shooting Suggestions

"It doesn't work" may sum up your feelings about a problem, but these words are useless if you need help from a consultant or programmer. You can minimize frustration and save time by learning to provide specific details that will lead to a solution.

Remember that nearly 80 percent of computer problems are caused by user errors. Before running any software, read the instructions.  You don't have to read every word just to get started. You can find the sections of the manual that tell you how to begin, and those that apply to the task you are trying to perform.  With large manuals, there is usually a table of contents and an index. Skim these to familiarize yourself with the topics that are discussed.  Then you'll know where to look when you have a question. It's embarrassing to mail a long letter or make a long distance phone call, only to find that everything you needed to know was on page 2.

It also does not make for good relations with the fellow on the other end of the phone if you immediately begin blaming the program for having bugs. The technical support person may quickly see that the problem is a user problem and not a bug. It can be embarrassing to be told that you have made a mistake when you have already blamed the programmer. It is also embarrassing for the programmer to have to try to convince you that you have made a mistake when you insist that its the programs fault. Be open to any suggestions. You may have overlooked something. But please be tactful and polite.

Before assuming a program "doesn't work", check a few simple items. Is the computer plugged in and turned on? Are all necessary devices (such as the monitor and printer) connected properly and turned on? Did you spell the command correctly when you typed it? Are you logged onto the right disk drive and directory? Is it possible that the program has system requirements that you don't meet, such as a hard disk, or a certain amount of memory? If memory seems to be the problem, do you have "memory resident" programs (also called TSRs or "pop-up" utilities) which can be removed from memory? Try running the program on a different computer.

If the program worked in the past, but doesn't now, can you think of anything that has changed since the last time you used it?  Have you moved the computer or made changes in any of the connecting cables? Is it possible there has been damage of some kind, or that files have been erased? Have you added any new memory-resident programs or device drivers which might cause a conflict?

Many error messages include an explanation that can help you solve the problem yourself. Some error messages are explained for you in the program manual.  When reporting a problem, be very specific.  What were you trying to do?  How did you do it? What did you expect to happen? What actually happened?  Exactly what did you do just before the problem occurred? What did you do afterwards? What did you see on the screen? Have you had different or similar results in the past? Can you reproduce the problem and describe the circumstances under which it occurs? Is there a consistent pattern of some sort?

I support my users, and am happy to answer your questions and help solve any difficulties you may have.  Please understand that there is a limit to the amount of help I can give you with software which I did not write. If you are having continuing difficulty with DOS or Windows commands, you probably need to study your DOS or Windows manual or contact MicroSoft for help.


Possible Error Messages

General Protection Fault

Stack Fault

If you receive either of the above errors, you should first exit Windows entirely and restart your whole system. Try reproducing the error by retracing the steps you had gone through just before receiving the error. If you are unable to reproduce the error then my suggestion is that you simply carry on and just be on guard for the occurrence again at a later time.

If you are able to reproduce the error consistently, then please report by mail, electronic mail or phone the exact steps you took to get the error. We will need to know whether you received a General Protection Fault or a Stack Fault. We also definitely need to know where you were in the program when the error occurred and the exact steps required to reproduce the error. The long list of numbers and codes are of no value to us. Please report where you were in the program and what you were attempting to do.


Recovering from a lockup

On occasion your computer may seem to lock up. It may hang while in a long process and nothing seems to be happening. First, dont get in a hurry. Your computer may not be locked up at all. Some long processes can be time consuming, especially printing. Remember that printed reports in Windows are first sent to the Print Manager and the entire report must have been transferred to the Print Manager before the report will actually begin printing on your printer. Several reports also take a long time to print, especially reports with images or very large databases. You must be patient.

If you are certain that your computer has really locked up, you can press the Delete Key while holding down the Control and Alternate keys. (Ctrl-Alt-Del) In DOS this will normally reboot your computer. Some computers have a reset button for this purpose. However, pressing Ctrl-Alt-Del in Windows 3.1 will not reboot the entire system. You will be presented with a Windows message asking whether you wish to shut down this one application. Pressing the enter key when OK is displayed will close down the application and allow you to continue using Windows.


Known Problems

* On some systems printing from the Preview will cause the output report to be very small. This seems to be related to certain types of dot matrix printers. If you have a system that does this, you may use the Preview, but print (to the printer) all reports from the main reports window before doing a preview.

* If the key files on any of the database files become corrupt then you will usually be presented with a window asking whether you wish to rebuild the key files. This you should do. If you ever suspect that the key files have become corrupt then try using the Rebuild Key Files on the Tools Menu.


Appendix B: Glossary

Application - Just a fancy word for a computer program.

Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP) - A group formed to promote shareware. Author member shareware programs must abide by certain standards to qualify, such as the no-crippling rule. The ASP also arbitrates in case of disputes between a user and an author member.

Baud Rate - Term used to express the speed at which data is transferred computer to computer via a modem.

BBS (Bulletin Board System) - A computer which is connected to a phone line ready to accept incoming calls. A person with a computer and modem can call a BBS to leave and receive messages, data and programs.

Distributor, shareware - A vendor who makes his money buy selling shareware and public domain programs (usually at $3-5 per disk). When you purchase a disk from a shareware vendor, you are paying for the disk and duplication fees. None of the money which a distributor receives is ever paid to the author. The author only makes money from registrations. (See shareware.)

Download - To receive data or files from another computer over the telephone lines.

Echo - Similar to a forum, but an echo is usually passed on to other BBS's so that individuals on different BBS's eventually get to see the messages left by others on other BBS's.

Export - A term used referring to the transforming of data in your current application to a format which can be used by a "foreign" program (meaning a program which uses a different data structure.) You "export" your data to the format which can be used by another program. (See Import.)

Forum - A location on a BBS where discussions are held usually in the form of messages left by callers which are open for all to read.

GEDCOM (GEnealogical Data COMmunications) - A computer file format devised by the LDS Church (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints or Mormons) to allow exchanges of genealogical data. A program which supports the importing and exporting of GEDCOM files can transfer to and from other programs which support GEDCOM. Most major genealogy programs support this standard.

Hardware - The actual, physical equipment used in a computer system. (See software.)

Import - A term used referring to the transforming of data from a "foreign" format into the format used by your application. To "import" a file means you are bringing data files written in the format of another program over into the data format your program.

Modem (MOdulator-DEModulator) - The piece of hardware used to connect your computer to the telephone line.

On-Line - Term indicating that your computer is currently connected to a host computer. You are then "on-line".

Public Domain - Computer software in which the author has released his copyright to the public. These programs may be used and duplicated royalty free.

Shareware - Computer software in which the author encourages duplication and use of his program for a limited trial period.  These programs are usually fully functional programs. However, the author has retained the copyright and you are legally required to pay the requested registration fee if you use the product beyond a short trial period (about 30 days). Most shareware authors will provide a printed manual, telephone support and possibly other bonus utilities to those who register.

Software - The programs or applications used in a computer system. They exist in magnetic form on a floppy or hard drive and in electronic form in your computer's memory.

Sysop - System Operator. The person who operates and maintains a BBS.

Telecommunication - The connection of two computers over the telephone lines, allowing them to pass data back and forth.

TSR (Terminate and Stay Resident) - A software program which is usually loaded when a computer is first started and remains resident in memory even while you run other programs. This allows you to access the TSR program while you are operating another application.

Upload - To send data or files to another computer (usually a host) over the telephone lines.

Vendor, shareware - Another name for a shareware distributor.


Appendix C: License Agreement

By accepting and using this software, you acknowledge that this software may not suit your particular requirements or be completely trouble free.  Properly applied this program should operate without error. However, I am not  liable for your specific application or problems resulting from its use.  If the software does not perform as described liability is limited to replacement of the program and refunding the purchase price.  There is no liability to you or any other person or entity for any damage or loss, including special, incidental, or consequential damages, caused by this software, directly or indirectly.  Some states do not allow the limitation or exclusion of liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you.  This license agreement is governed by Tennessee law.  If any part of this agreement is found to be held invalid, the remainder will remain in effect. This agreement may only be modified by the written consent of the author.


Appendix D: Acknowledgments

It would be very difficult for me to remember everything that so many people have helped me with.  Many of my users have given me many ideas. But I do need to mention a few.

My first registered user back in 1991 was an 18 year old young man named Jeff Murphy, Lake City, Georgia. He gave me a lot of encouragement when I needed it most. My program was just fresh out but with a few bugs. He sent me several letters with ideas which quickly went into new versions. (Six years later - 1997 - he is still an active user of Cumberland Family Tree - but now the Windows Version.)

The next major version was the Cumberland Family Tree Professional for DOS. I greatly appreciate the help offered by my group of beta-testers for the Professional Version (4.0). Many of their ideas which were incorporated into CFT-Pro are carried forward into this Windows Version.

Johnnie Ainsley	Panama City, Florida
Malcolm E. Arnold	Ft. Washington, Maryland
Fred Cappetta	Oak Brook, Illinois
Douglas Draper	Lancaster, California
Linwood Hill	New Bern, South Carolina
Rhonda Lorenzen	Gillette, Wyoming
Harvey W. Powers	Midlothian, Virginia
Paul D. Whitehead	Louisville, Kentucky
Linda Willuweit-Joy	Lincoln, Nebraska
I would also like to thank those who have helped me with the beta-testing of Version 1.00 of the Windows Version of Cumberland Family Tree:

Charles Baker	Ft. Collins, Colorado
Rod Donohoe	Cricklade, Wilts, England
Ron Grassi	Coralville, Iowa
Bruce Hall	Ellicott City, Maryland
Victor Hildreth	Chicago, Illinois
John Lemon	Aberdeen, Scotland
Erik Helmer Nielsen	Greve, Denmark
John Sharp	Bethany, Oklahoma
Thomas Spear	New York, New York
Carolyn Spitz	Palo Alto, California

And I especially would like to thank those who have helped me with the beta-testing of this Windows Version (2.00) of Cumberland Family Tree and translation of reports and menus into other languages:

Robert Barendsen	Waddinxveen, The Netherlands (Dutch translation)
Sergio Bertini	Milano, Italy (Italian translation)
Tom Bjørnstad	Honefoss, Norway (Norwegian translation)
Luis Angel Bolsa-Remon	Valencia, Spain
Hendrik J Bosman	Bettys Bay, South Africa (Afrikaans)
Jack Bowman	Hickory, North Carolina
Pedro Pérez Correa	Las Palas de Gran Canaria, España (Spain) (Spanish translation)
Tom Ditzel	Batavia, New York
Erling Drågen	Bud, Norway
George Durman	Knoxville, Tennessee
Ian Fettes	Heritage Park, Queensland, Australia
Leonel Finotti	Brazil (Portuguese translation)
Miles Gillie	Raleigh, North Carolina
Jeff Girard	Pittsboro, North Carolina
Ulf Göransson	Flyinge, Sweden (Swedish translation)
Bruce Hall	Ellicott City, Maryland
Helenius Hannu	Kangasala, Finland (Finnish translation)
Svavar Kavaran	Iceland (Icelandic)
Laurent Larbalette	Montmorillon, France (French translation)
Jonathan E. Myers	Little Neck, New York
Erik Helmer Nielsen	Greve, Denmark (Danish translation)
Henry T. Peterson, Jr.	Lafayette, Louisiana
Hans Schleichert	Tuebingen, Germany (German translation)
John Sharp	Bethany, Oklahoma
Luis Abreu E Sousa	Marinha Grande, Portugal
Milo Wright	Spokane, Washington

I would also like to especially thank Tom Bjørnstad of Norway for helping me set up the Cumberland Family Software home pages on the World Wide Web. He did an excellent job on designing these pages. Thanks a lot, Tom!

In a very general way let me say thanks to all of you who have used my early versions and have sent me money which has encouraged me to continue this endeavor. You have been a great encouragement to me.

And last, but not least, without the patience of my wife and six children during the months when I seemed huddled up with my computer all evening, I would have been unable to complete this program.

- Ira J. Lund


Shareware
Shareware and Technical Support

Product Descriptions and Order Information

This program is distributed through the shareware channel. Shareware is a marketing channel, not a type of software. Shareware allows you to try a program out before you purchase it. Shareware is copyrighted and you should pay for the program if you continue to use it after the trial period.

As a responsible member of the Shareware Industry, I ascribe to the following principles which I adhere to in all my shareware programs:

1. I will treat my customers with courtesy and respect.

2. My programs will explain in advance how they encourage payment.

3. My programs provide ALL features with enough time to allow evaluation in typical usage.

4. My programs allow the customer access to all data within the program even after the evaluation period.

Technical Support

Technical support is guaranteed for 90 days from the time of purchase. Our current policy is to also provide support before purchase and indefinitely after purchase for reasonable requests. However, this policy is subject to immediate change at any time. (In laymans terms, we intend to help you at any time outside the 3 month guaranteed support time frame as much as feasible, but we do not want to be legally bound to do so.)

To obtain support:

1. Send an e-mail to Ira J. Lund at ira.lund@cf-software.com. This is  the easiest and quickest way to obtain support. You may also find some information on our web site at http://www.cf-software.com . Normally, I check my e-mail every weekday evening and respond to all questions.

2. Mail a letter to

Cumberland Family Software

385 Idaho Springs Road

Clarksville, TN 37043

Affiliations

Cumberland Family Software is a member of Shareware Trade and Resources (STAR).

Cumberland Family Software is also a member of the Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP). ASP wants to make sure that the shareware principle works for you. If you are unable to resolve a shareware-related problem with an ASP member by contacting the member directly, ASP may be able to help. The ASP Ombudsman can help you resolve a dispute or problem with an ASP member, but does not provide technical support for members' products. Please write to the ASP Ombudsman at 545 Grover Road, Muskegon, MI 49442-9427 USA, FAX 616-788-2765 or send a CompuServe message via CompuServe Mail to ASP Ombudsman 70007,3536.


Cumberland Family Software Products

Order Information

Click on product name to see details for that program.

Prices shown below include shipping worldwide.

Options for Cumberland Family Tree for Windows Ver 2

1239  CFT-Win with manual 	$64.00 US

1240  CFT-Win disks only 	$50.00 US

1243  CFT-Win Deluxe with manual 	$74.00 US

1244  CFT-Win Deluxe disks only 	$60.00 US

* The Deluxe Version includes Cumberland Diary and Family Photo Album.

* All options include both the 16-bit (Win 3.1) and 32-bit (Win95/NT) Versions.

Other Programs

1241  Universal Calendar Convertor	$25.00 US

1245  Cumberland Diary for Windows	$20.00 US

1246  Family Photo Album for Windows	$20.00 US


Order Information

Orders may be placed with Cumberland Family Software or NorthStar Solutions. For technical support or comments you must contact Cumberland Family Software directly. NorthStar Solutions can only accept orders.

Please be prepared to give the product number for the software desired when order is placed. See the Order  Software Product List for product numbers.

INTERNET ORDERS

For on-line ordering (with Visa, MasterCard, Discover) go directly to NorthStar Solutions at:

http://www.nstarsolutions.com/859.htm

or visit Cumberland Family Software (which has a link to NorthStar Web Ordering):

http://www.cf-software.com

PHONED ORDERS

Visa, MasterCard and Discover accepted.

Calls are taken 10am - 8pm, EST, Monday through Saturday at NorthStar Solutions:

Toll free, USA only: 	1-800-699-6395

or:	1-785-539-3731

FAXED ORDERS

Visa, MasterCard and Discover accepted.

Available 24 hours per day. It is often easier to place International Orders this way.

1-785-539-3743

E-MAILED ORDERS

You mail e-mail Visa or MasterCard with expiration date and order number directly to Ira J. Lund at Cumberland Family Software: ira.lund@cf-software.com

MAILED ORDERS

You may order by mailing a check or money order in US dollars drawn on a US bank, or you may mail Visa or MasterCard with expiration date to:

Cumberland Family Software

385 Idaho Springs Road

Clarksville, TN 37043

USA


Future Upgrade Information

Periodically we provide bug fixes and upgrades for Cumberland Family Tree for Windows. Please check our Web Site for upgrade notices and latest available version. The latest version is normally also made available in the genealogy forum on CompuServe (GO ROOTS) soon after its release. Other locations may not get updated for some time after a new release.

To avoid confusion we normally do not provide patches. You should always download the entire latest version and re-install the entire version over your older version. Normally all files will be installed into the C:\CFTW (or designated directory) and also the SAMPLE database will get overwritten. However, none of your other databases should be harmed in any fashion.

Our Web Page:

http://www.cf-software.com

Upgrade Policy

* Minor changes and bug fixes are free. Simply download and re-install the new version. Your old User-Code will work. If you do not have access to the internet or CompuServe and would like the latest version mailed to you on 3.5 inch diskettes then please send $5 to help cover the postage and disk costs. Current users will not be notified of the availability of minor upgrades. Please watch CompuServe or our Web Page for availability.

* Major revisions will normally be provided at a price about half the normal price for current users. All current users will be notified of major upgrades - usually by a mailed newsletter. Upgrade prices are not normally published within the program.

* All upgrades and discounts must be obtained directly from Cumberland Family Software (rather than NorthStar Solutions). Please contact Cumberland Family Software for any questions regarding upgrades or technical support. NorthStar Solutions only handles new orders.

How to Contact Cumberland Family Software

1. Send an e-mail to Ira J. Lund at ira.lund@cf-software.com. This is  the easiest and quickest way to obtain support. You may also find some information on our web site at

http://www.cf-software.com

Normally, I check my e-mail every weekday evening and respond to all questions.

2. Mail a letter to

Cumberland Family Software

385 Idaho Springs Road

Clarksville, TN 37043


Cumberland Family Tree for Windows

Stories, biographies, photos and a two-in-one user manual which includes a sample index family history book created with Cumberland Family Tree for Windows! A powerful program!

Trace your family history with names, dates, places, extensive notes and photographs. Include source documentation and scanned documents. Produce a beautiful Indexed Book that will be a family heirloom for generations to come. Automatically produce stories with the Ancestral Story and Descendant Story reports. Includes 31 different types of reports!

Order Information

Computer & DOS Requirements: 	16 Bit Windows 3.1 Version, 4Mb RAM or more

32 Bit Windows 95 Version, 8Mb RAM or more

Database Limitations: 1,000,000 names, 30 children per marriage, 12 marriages per individual

Names: 80 characters max with surnames allowed anywhere in the name - beginning, middle or end. Place Names can be up to 200 characters and need only be entered once! They can then be selected from a pop-up list forever after!

Life Events: Each individual in your family tree may have up to 250 events! These events may include birth, baptism, marriage, death, burial, LDS events, occupation, immigrations, graduations, divorces, addresses, user ID tags, or any other event imaginable. Each event contains a date, a place, and a source note. Historical or explanatory notes (up to 32,000 characters - about 10 printed pages) may be attached to each event. (Thus, you could write a complete biography on a single individual - up to 2,500 pages!) Source notes (up to 5,000 characters long) are also added to a separate list allowing the same source note to be easily selected from a pop-up list for other events and individuals. Text or scanned documents may also be attached as sources.

Photos: Up to 250 photographs may be attached to each individual.

Other features include: adoptions, Soundex Codes, user-definable flags, Relationship Calculator, Date Calculator, Documents, Tiny Tafel files and Industry Standard GEDCOM Import/Export. Included are also powerful utilities to split and merge databases.

Individual Notes may be up to about 20 pages (64,000 characters) using on-line text editor, which includes a spell checker. (This is in addition to the notes allowed on individual events.)

Reports include:

Ancestral Reports: Ancestral Story, Ahnentafel, 4 Generation Pedigree (including cascading), 6 Generation Pedigree (including cascading), Photo Pedigree.

Descendant Reports: Descendant Story, 6 Generation Descendant Chart, 14 Generation Descendant Chart, Photo Descendant Chart.

Lists: Individual Lists, Family Record Lists, Event Lists, Place Name Lists, Misc Data Lists, Source Note Lists.

Other Reports: Individual Story, Family Group Chart (may include photos), Photo Album, Individual Summary, Statistics, Database Structure, Documents.

NOTE: Story type reports can include an annotated bibliography referencing all the source notes and documents.

An Indexed Book allows you to include all of the reports listed above (except for the Poster Pedigree). The Indexed Book creates an index of all names printed in the book and produces a source list and an index at the end showing which reports and page numbers where each individual is mentioned.

A Two-in-one Manual comes with this program!

Book 1: Cumberland Family Tree Users Manual

1. Installation

2. Climbing Your Family Tree

3. Tutorial

4. Detailed Reference

Book 2:  The Lund Family Heritage

A sample family history book created with Cumberland Family Tree for Windows, shows samples of every report the program is capable of printing, with ideas on how to create your own family history book.


Universal Calendar Convertor
Universal Calendar Converter

The Universal Calendar Calculator can display and convert between 20 different calendars: Julian Day Number, Gregorian (New Style), Julian (Old Style), Roman-Julian, French Revolution (Original and Modified), Hebrew, Islamic, Chinese, Chinese/Gregorian, Hindu Saka, Hindu Vikrama, Hindu Kali Yuga (Solar and LuniSolar), Coptic, Ethiopic, Persian, Bahai, Mayan Long Count and Thai Suriyakati Calendar.

The Universal Calendar Converter also contains:

1. Dates of holidays for the United States, Christian (Nicean Rule and Modern), Islamic, Jewish, Chinese, Hindu and Bahai.

2. Regional date of conversion from the Old Style (Julian) to the New Style (Gregorian) for more than 100 localities.

3.Over 90 Medieval European Regional Day Name Calendars. These calendars allow you to easily identify the specific Julian Calendar day of many Latin day names given in Medieval documents.

The Universal Calendar Converter can be customized for the majority of  languages in the world (excluding Chinese. Japanese, Korean and Mongolian).

The program can quite comfortable calculate dates between 5000 BC and 5000 AD, although its range could actually extend for a million years. Most of the conversion routines were based on Calendrical Calculations by Nachum Dershowitz and Edward M. Reingold (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1997). For sample data between about 600 BC and 2100 AD, almost all calculations by my program matched exactly. For the Astronomical French Revolution and Chinese calendars the dates were off by one day on BC dates. However, for the main purposes of this program (genealogy) this will be considered close enough for now.


Family Photo Album
Family Photo Album (Windows)

This program does not include a manual. All help is in the on-line help files.

Create your own Photo Albums with this exciting program! With Family Photo Album you can create an entire book/album with your scanned photographs.

* Unlimited number of albums can be created.

* Each album can consist of up to 1,000,000 chapters.

* Each chapter can hold up to 250 scanned images (PCX, BMP, GIF, JPG, WMF, or ICO). If you do not own a scanner, Cumberland Family Software will scan your photos for you. (See prices in programs help.)

* Each photograph can include a caption.

* Each chapter can also include a large 64,000 character story note. The text editor includes a Spell Checker.

* Print out your album with regular or large photographs. You can include a Title Page and Table of Contents.

* A sample album is included with the program.


Cumberland Diary (Windows)

This program does not include a manual. All help is in the on-line help files.

Keep your personal diary or journal on the computer

Cumberland Diarys main screen consists of FOUR separate TABS: Contents, Calendar, Diary and Index. Each Tab provides you with access to certain features of the program:

 The Contents Tab allows you to search and select diary entries by date.

 The Calendar Tab allows you to search and select diary entries from a perpetual calendar.

 The Diary Tab provides you with a text screen where you type in your diary entries. It includes   cut & paste, search and spellcheck features.

 The Index Tab allows you to search and select diary entries by heading.

Cumberland Diary includes optional password protection and data encryption.

You may easily import or export to ASCII text files and import your old Cumberland Diary (DOS) diaries.