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Understanding the domain nameAll Internet sites are, or are part of, a `domain'. The domain name then is where a computer `lives' when it's connected to the Internet. PC User magazine has a domain name of PCUSER.COM.AU which is easily demystified by reading from right to left:
What's with the number then?Because computers think in numbers not words there's a
digital equivalent to the pcuser.com.au address -- it's
203.4.212.41. It's a lot like using a telephone book.
When you tell your Web browser to go to our PC User page
on the World Wide Web the computer consults an online
database, matches the name to the number and away it
goes. The browser's status area will actually show the
message `Connecting to 203.4.212.41' when it makes
contact with our Web page. What's the URL?Armed with such an address your computer can navigate its way to almost any place on the Internet, but not being as clever as us humans, it doesn't know what to do when it gets there. This is how the `Uniform Resource Locator' or `URL' came about. It's a special form of Internet address which builds on the domain name to tell your computer how to handle the data it will be receiving. Every one of those wonderful places you visit on the World Wide Web has a unique URL which normally begins with http://www -- such as http://www.pcuser.com.au. HTTP stands for `hypertext transfer protocol', the language used by computers to link the Web together and let you jump from one site to another by clicking your mouse. WWW is of course the World Wide Web. When you type http://www.pcuser.com.au into your Web browser, it knows not only to go to the PC User domain but to display it as a Web page. The second most common URL is designed to help with transferring files from distant computers onto your own hard drive. This is called `file transfer protocol' or FTP and is written as ftp://ftp.microsoft.com (that URL points to the Microsoft's massive online file library in the USA). There are special programs for FTP operations, although Web browsers also allow you to enter an FTP address and download files. The first part of the URL -- http or ftp -- is often dropped when referring to the address because Web browsers know to add those codes as soon as they see the www or ftp command immediately preceding the domain name. This shortens the Internet address and makes it easier to remember and print. Conversely, as soon as you dive into an Internet site, the URL will grow. A Web site with multiple pages will add extra characters after a slash to indicate which page you're looking at. When you first visit the PC User Web page the
URL in your browser's address box is
http://www.pcuser.com.au/current.html. Your browser has
opened an Internet document named current.html which
resides in the root directory of the pcuser.com.au
server. Look familiar? It's almost identical to a DOS
path such as C:\DOS\README.TXT. In larger sites you'll
end up browsing documents nested deep inside
sub-directories, some of which will begin with a tilde
(~) character because the Net doesn't support spaces in
filenames, but every single file on the Internet has its
URL. E-mail addressesAnother way in which the domain name is used is to represent an electronic mail or e-mail address. Their format is username@domainname. The domain name may be your Internet service provider, your employer or the university you attend -- whichever you use to access the Net. If your Internet service provider is the national OzEmail network and your user name is Matilda your e-mail address would be matilda@ozemail.com.au Finally, while we don't want to put words into your mouth, how do you pronounce an Internet address? The full stops are read as `dot', so to tell a friend where to find the PC User Web page you'd say, "WWW dot PC User dot com dot ay ewe". |
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