SPECTRUM1D
Section: Misc. Reference Manual Pages (l)
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NAME
spectrum1d - compute auto- [and cross- ] spectra from one [or two] timeseries.
SYNOPSIS
spectrum1d [ x[y]file ] -Ssegment_size] [ -C ] [ -Ddt ]
[ -Nname_stem ] [ -V ] [ -W ]
DESCRIPTION
spectrum1d reads ASCII X [and Y] values from the first [and second] columns on standard input
[or x[y]file]. These values are treated as timeseries X(t) [Y(t)] sampled at equal intervals
spaced dt units apart. There may be any number of lines of input. spectrum1d will create
file[s] containing auto- [and cross- ] spectral density estimates by Welch's method of ensemble
averaging of multiple overlapped windows, using standard error estimates from Bendat and Piersol.
The output files have 3 columns: f or w, p, and e. f or w is the frequency or wavelength, p is the
spectral density estimate, and e is the one standard deviation error bar size. These files are named
based on name_stem. If the -C option is used, eight files are created; otherwise only one
(xpower) is written. The files are as follows:
- name_stem.xpower
-
Power spectral density of X(t). Units of X * X * dt.
- name_stem.ypower
-
Power spectral density of Y(t). Units of Y * Y * dt.
- name_stem.cpower
-
Power spectral density of the coherent output. Units same as ypower.
- name_stem.npower
-
Power spectral density of the noise output. Units same as ypower.
- name_stem.gain
-
Gain spectrum, or modulus of the transfer function. Units of (Y / X).
- name_stem.phase
-
Phase spectrum, or phase of the transfer function. Units are radians.
- name_stem.admit
-
Admittance spectrum, or real part of the transfer function. Units of (Y / X).
- name_stem.coh
-
(Squared) coherency spectrum, or linear correlation coefficient as a function of frequency.
Dimensionless number in [0, 1]. The Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR) is coh / (1 - coh). SNR = 1 when coh = 0.5.
REQUIRED ARGUMENTS
- x[y]file
-
ASCII file holding X(t) [Y(t)] samples in the first 1 [or 2] columns. If no file is specified, spectrum1d
will read from standard input.
- -S
-
segment_size is a radix-2 number of samples per window for ensemble averaging. The smallest frequency
estimated is 1.0/(segment_size * dt), while the largest is 1.0/(2 * dt). One standard error
in power spectral density is approximately 1.0 / sqrt(n_data / segment_size), so if segment_size
= 256, you need 25,600 data to get a one standard error bar of 10%. Cross-spectral error bars are larger and more
complicated, being a function also of the coherency.
OPTIONS
- -C
-
Read the first two columns of input as samples of two timeseries, X(t) and Y(t). Consider Y(t) to be the
output and X(t) the input in a linear system with noise. Estimate the optimum frequency response function
by least squares, such that the noise output is minimized and the coherent output and the noise output are
uncorrelated.
- -D
-
dt Set the spacing between samples in the timeseries [Default = 1].
- -N
-
name_stem Supply the name stem to be used for output files [Default = "spectrum"].
#include "explain_-V.txt"
- -W
-
Write Wavelength rather than frequency in column 1 of the output file[s] [Default = frequency, (cycles / dt)].
EXAMPLES
Suppose data.g is gravity data in mGal, sampled every 1.5 km. To write its power spectrum, in mGal**2-km,
to the file data.xpower, try
spectrum1d data.g -S256 -D1.5 -Ndata
Suppose in addition to data.g you have data.t, which is topography in meters sampled at the same points as
data.g. To estimate various features of the transfer function, considering data.t as input and data.g as
output, try
paste data.t data.g | spectrum1d -S256 -D1.5 -Ndata -C
SEE ALSO
gmt, grdfft
#include "refs.i"
Bendat, J. S., and A. G. Piersol, 1986, Random Data, 2nd revised ed., John Wiley & Sons.
Welch, P. D., 1967, "The use of Fast Fourier Transform for the estimation of power spectra: a method
based on time averaging over short, modified periodograms", IEEE Transactions on Audio and Electroacoustics,
Vol AU-15, No 2.
Index
- NAME
-
- SYNOPSIS
-
- DESCRIPTION
-
- REQUIRED ARGUMENTS
-
- OPTIONS
-
- EXAMPLES
-
- SEE ALSO
-
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